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Hosseini E, Nodeh FK, Ghasemzadeh M. Gamma irradiation induces a pro-apoptotic state in longer stored platelets, without progressing to an overt apoptosis by day 7 of storage. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01841-5. [PMID: 37127837 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gamma-irradiation to platelet products is a standard method to prevent the risk of TA-GVHD in vulnerable recipients, it induces some proteomic and redox changes, of which irradiation-induced ROS increments may potentiate platelet mitochondrial dysfunction. However, whether these changes cause platelet apoptosis, or affect their viability during storage, is the main subject of this study. METHODS PLT-rich plasma PC was split into two bags, one kept as control while other was subjected to gamma-irradiation. Within 7-days storage, cytosolic and mitochondrial levels of cytochrome c and pro-apoptotic molecules of Bak and Bax were evaluated by western-blotting. Intraplatelet active caspase (using FAM-DEVD-FMK) and PS-exposure were detected by flowcytometry. Caspase activity in platelet lysate was also confirmed by immunofluorescence detection of Caspase-3/7 Substrate N-Ac-DEVD-N'-MC-R110 while platelet viability was evaluated with MTT assays. RESULTS Cytosolic cytochrome c gradually increased while its mitochondrial content steadily declined during 7 days of storage. In a contrary trend, reverse patterns were observed for Bak and Bax expressions. Gamma-irradiated platelets showed higher release of mitochondrial cytochrome c that reflected by higher cytosolic cytochrome c levels on day 7 of storage. Concurrently mitochondrial pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax proteins increased on day 7 in irradiated products. However, gamma-irradiation didn't significantly increase caspase activity or PS-exposure, nor did it decrease platelet viability. CONCLUSION Here, consistent with studies on "gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress", we showed that gamma-ray also increases platelet pro-apoptotic signals during storage, although not strongly enough to affect platelet viability by overt apoptosis induction. Conclusively, whether supplementing ROS scavengers or antioxidants to irradiated platelets can improve their quality during storage may be of interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiani Nodeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran.
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2
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Sparrow RL, Simpson RJ, Greening DW. Protocols for the Isolation of Platelets for Research and Contrast to Production of Platelet Concentrates for Transfusion. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:3-18. [PMID: 36781775 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are specialized cellular elements of blood and play a central role in maintaining normal hemostasis, wound healing, and host defense but also are implicated in pathologic processes of thrombosis, inflammation, and tumor progression and dissemination. Transfusion of platelet concentrates is an important treatment for thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) due to disease or significant blood loss, with the goal being to prevent bleeding or to arrest active bleeding. In blood circulation, platelets are in a resting state; however, when triggered by a stimulus, such as blood vessel injury, become activated (also termed procoagulant). Platelet activation is the basis of their biological function to arrest active bleeding, comprising a complex interplay of morphological phenotype/shape change, adhesion, expression of signaling molecules, and release of bioactive factors, including extracellular vesicles/microparticles. Advances in high-throughput mRNA and protein profiling techniques have brought new understanding of platelet biological functions, including identification of novel platelet proteins and secreted molecules, analysis of functional changes between normal and pathologic states, and determining the effects of processing and storage on platelet concentrates for transfusion. However, because platelets are very easily activated, it is important to understand the different in vitro methods for platelet isolation commonly used and how they differ from the perspective for use as research samples in clinical chemistry. Two simple methods are described here for the preparation of research-scale platelet samples from human whole blood, and detailed notes are provided about the methods used for the preparation of platelet concentrates for transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary L Sparrow
- Transfusion Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Arnason NA, Johannsson F, Landrö R, Hardarsson B, Gudmundsson S, Lian AM, Reseland J, Rolfsson O, Sigurjonsson OE. Protein Concentrations in Stored Pooled Platelet Concentrates Treated with Pathogen Inactivation by Amotosalen Plus Ultraviolet a Illumination. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030350. [PMID: 35335674 PMCID: PMC8954553 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet granules contain a diverse group of proteins. Upon activation and during storage, platelets release a number of proteins into the circulation or supernatant of stored platelet concentrate (PC). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pathogen inactivation (PI) on a selection of proteins released in stored platelets. Materials and Methods: PCs in platelet additive solution (PAS) were produced from whole blood donations using the buffy coat (BC) method. PCs in the treatment arm were pathogen inactivated with amotosalen and UVA, while PCs in the second arm were used as an untreated platelet control. Concentrations of 36 proteins were monitored in the PCs during storage. Results: The majority of proteins increased in concentration over the storage period. In addition, 10 of the 29 proteins that showed change had significantly different concentrations between the PI treatment and the control at one or more timepoints. A subset of six proteins displayed a PI-related drop in concentration. Conclusions: PI has limited effect on protein concentration stored PC supernatant. The protein’s changes related to PI treatment with elevated concentration implicate accelerated Platelet storage lesion (PSL); in contrast, there are potential novel benefits to PI related decrease in protein concentration that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Arni Arnason
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Freyr Johannsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (F.J.); (O.R.)
| | - Ragna Landrö
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Björn Hardarsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Sveinn Gudmundsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.-M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Janne Reseland
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.-M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (F.J.); (O.R.)
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-543-5523 or +354-694-9427; Fax: +354-543-5532
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4
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Ravanat C, Pongérard A, Freund M, Heim V, Rudwill F, Ziessel C, Eckly A, Proamer F, Isola H, Gachet C. Human platelets labeled at two discrete biotin densities are functional in vitro and are detected in vivo in the murine circulation: A promising approach to monitor platelet survival in vivo in clinical research. Transfusion 2021; 61:1642-1653. [PMID: 33580977 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of platelet concentrates (PCs) is evolving, and their survival capacity needs in vivo evaluation. This requires that the transfused platelets (PLTs) be distinguished from those of the recipient. Labeling at various biotin (Bio) densities allows one to concurrently trace multiple PLT populations, as reported for red blood cells. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A method is described to label human PLTs at two densities of Bio for future clinical trials. Injectable-grade PLTs were prepared in a sterile environment, using injectable-grade buffers and good manufacturing practices (GMP)-grade Sulfo-NHS-Biotin. Sulfo-NHS-Biotin concentrations were chosen to maintain PLT integrity and avoid potential alloimmunization while enabling the detection of circulating BioPLTs. The impact of biotinylation on human PLT recirculation was evaluated in vivo in a severe immunodeficient mouse model using ex vivo flow cytometry. RESULTS BioPLTs labeled with 1.2 or 10 μg/ml Sulfo-NHS-Biotin displayed normal ultrastructure and retained aggregation and secretion capacity and normal expression of the main surface glycoproteins. The procedure avoided detrimental PLT activation or apoptosis signals. Transfused human BioPLT populations could be distinguished from one another and from unlabeled circulating mouse PLTs, and their survival was comparable to that of unlabeled human PLTs in the mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Provided low Sulfo-NHS-Biotin concentrations (<10 μg/ml) are used, injectable-grade BioPLTs comply with safety regulations, conserve PLT integrity, and permit accurate in vivo detection. This alternative to radioisotopes, which allows one to follow different PLT populations in the same recipient, should be valuable when assessing new PC preparations and monitoring PLT survival in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ravanat
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Pongérard
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Heim
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Floriane Rudwill
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Ziessel
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Proamer
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Isola
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Grand-Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
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5
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Bouet G, Mookerjee S, Foster H, Waller A, Ghevaert C. [From the bench to the clinic: The challenge of translating platelet production in vitro]. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2020; 204:981-988. [PMID: 33078026 PMCID: PMC7553122 DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet transfusions, which are currently totally dependent on altruistic donations, are absolutely necessary to the treatment of patients with thrombocytopenia following trauma, surgery or other pathologies (especially malignancies). Producing platelets in vitro represent a major technological and scientific breathrough that would address logistical issues (supply chain, stock holding…) and medical concerns (compatibility and biosafety). The translation of this innovation will need to be accompanied by rigorous quality control, harmonised between laboratory when it comes to functionality and biosafety for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bouet
- Mines Saint-Étienne, université Lyon, université Jean-Monnet, Inserm, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - S Mookerjee
- Wellcome trust-medical research council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and department of haematology, university of Cambridge, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
- National health service blood and transplant, Cambridge biomedical campus, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
| | - H Foster
- Wellcome trust-medical research council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and department of haematology, university of Cambridge, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
- National health service blood and transplant, Cambridge biomedical campus, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
| | - A Waller
- Wellcome trust-medical research council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and department of haematology, university of Cambridge, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
- National health service blood and transplant, Cambridge biomedical campus, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
| | - C Ghevaert
- Wellcome trust-medical research council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and department of haematology, university of Cambridge, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
- National health service blood and transplant, Cambridge biomedical campus, CB2 0PT Cambridge, UK
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6
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Nodeh FK, Hosseini E, Ghasemzadeh M. The effect of gamma irradiation on platelet redox state during storage. Transfusion 2020; 61:579-593. [PMID: 33231307 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a method with insignificant adverse effects on in vitro quality of platelet concentrates (PCs), gamma irradiation is applied to abrogate the risk of transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease in vulnerable recipients. However, there is some evidence of lower posttransfusion responses and proteomic alterations in gamma-irradiated platelets (PLTs), which raises some questions about their quality, safety, and efficacy. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered as markers of PLT storage lesion (PSL), the study presented here investigated oxidant state in gamma-irradiated PCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PLT-rich plasma PC was split into two bags, one kept as control while other was subjected to gamma irradiation. Within 7 days of storage, the levels of intra-PLT superoxide, H2 O2 , mitochondrial ROS, P-selectin expression, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure were detected by flow cytometry while intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), glucose concentration, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured by enzymocolorimetric method. RESULTS GSH decreased, while ROS generation and LDH activity increased, during storage. Gamma irradiation significantly attenuated GSH whereas increased ROS generation in earlier and later stages of storage associated with either P-selectin or PS exposure increments. CONCLUSION Gamma irradiation can significantly increase cytosolic ROS generation in two distinct phases, one upon irradiation and another later in longer-stored PCs. While earlier ROS influx seems to be governed by direct effect of irradiation, the second phase of oxidant stress is presumably due to the storage-dependent PLT activation. Intriguingly, these observations were also in line with early P-selectin increments and increased PS exposure in longer-stored PLTs. Given the mutual link between ROS generation and PLT activation, further investigation is required to explore the effect of gamma irradiation on the induction of PSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kiani Nodeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Mookerjee S, Foster HR, Waller AK, Ghevaert CJ. In vitro-derived platelets: the challenges we will have to face to assess quality and safety. Platelets 2020; 31:724-730. [PMID: 32486997 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1769051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet transfusions are given to patients in hospital who have a low blood platelet count (thrombocytopenia) either because of major bleeding (following trauma or surgery) or because the bone marrow production of platelets is impaired often due to chemotherapy, infiltration with malignant cells, fibrosis or genetic disorders. We are currently entirely reliant on blood donors as a source of platelets in transfusion medicine. However, the demand for platelets continues to rise, driven by an aging population, advances in medical procedures and ever more aggressive cancer therapies, while the supply of blood donors continues to remain static. In recent years, several groups have made major advances toward the generation of platelets in vitro for human transfusion. Recent successes include results in both generating mature human megakaryocytes as well as in developing bioreactors for extracting platelets from these megakaryocytes. Platelets made in vitro could address several issues inherent to platelets derived from blood donors - the ability to scale up/down more flexibly according to demand and therefore less precarious supply line, reduction of the risk of exposure to infectious agents and finally the possibility of engineering stem cells to reduce immunogenicity. Here we define the quality control tools and suggest measures for implementation across the field for in vitro platelet genesis, to aid collaboration between laboratories and to aid production of the burdens of proof that will eventually be required by regulators for efficacy and biosafety. We will do this firstly, by addressing the quality control of the nucleated cells used to make the platelets with a particular emphasis to safety issues and secondly, we will look at how platelet function measurement are addressed particularly in the context of platelets derived in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mookerjee
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - H R Foster
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - A K Waller
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - C J Ghevaert
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
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8
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Pennell EN, Shiels R, Vidimce J, Wagner KH, Shibeeb S, Bulmer AC. The impact of bilirubin ditaurate on platelet quality during storage. Platelets 2019; 31:884-896. [PMID: 31747815 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1693038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin ditaurate (BRT), a conjugated bilirubin analogue, has demonstrated anti-platelet characteristics following acute ex vivo exposure. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide and attenuation of granule exocytosis suggested a potential benefit for including BRT for storage. With no reports of cytotoxicity following acute exposure, the impact of 35µM BRT on platelet function was investigated, in clinically suppled units, for up to seven days. Exposure to 35µM BRT significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased glucose consumption until exhaustion after 72 hours. Platelet aggregation and activation was significantly impaired by BRT. Mitochondrial superoxide production and phosphatidylserine expression were significantly elevated following glucose exhaustion, with decreased viability observed from day five onwards. Lactate accumulation and loss of bicarbonate, support a metabolic disturbance, leading to a decline of quality following BRT inclusion. Although acute ex vivo BRT exposure reported potentially beneficial effects, translation from acute to chronic exposure failed to combat declining platelet function during storage. BRT exposure resulted in perturbations of platelet quality, with the utility of BRT during storage therefore limited. However, these are the first data of prolonged platelet exposure to analogues of conjugated bilirubin and may improve our understanding of platelet function in the context of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Noel Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ryan Shiels
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Aging, Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna , Vienna Austria
| | - Sapha Shibeeb
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia.,Endeavour College of Natural Health , Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Hosseini E, Mohtashami M, Ghasemzadeh M. Down-regulation of platelet adhesion receptors is a controlling mechanism of thrombosis, while also affecting post-transfusion efficacy of stored platelets. Thromb J 2019; 17:20. [PMID: 31660046 PMCID: PMC6806620 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-019-0209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, upon platelet activation, uncontrolled propagation of thrombosis is prevented by regulating mechanisms which affect the expression and function of either platelet adhesion receptors or integrins. Receptor ectodomain shedding is an elective mechanism which is mainly involved in down-regulation of adhesion receptors GPIbα and GPVI. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 can also be modulated with a calpain-dependent proteolytic cleavage. In addition, activating signals may induce the internalization of expressed receptors to selectively down-regulate their intensity. Alternatively, further activation of platelets is associated with microvesiculation as a none-selective mechanism which leads to the loss of membrane- bearing receptors. In a non-physiological condition, the storage of therapeutic platelets has also shown to be associated with the unwilling activation of platelets which triggers receptors down-regulation via aforementioned different mechanisms. Notably, herein the changes are time-dependent and not controllable. While the expression and shedding of pro-inflammatory molecules can induce post-transfusion adverse effects, stored-dependent loss of adhesion receptors by ectodomain shedding or microvesiculation may attenuate post-transfusion adhesive functions of platelets causing their premature clearance from circulation. In its first part, the review presented here aims to describe the mechanisms involved in down-regulation of platelet adhesion receptors. It then highlights the crucial role of ectodomain shedding and microvesiculation in the propagation of "platelet storage lesion" which may affect the post-transfusion efficacy of platelet components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- 1Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, PO Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohtashami
- 1Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, PO Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- 1Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, PO Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran.,2Australian Center for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004 Australia
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10
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Hosseini E, Ghasemzadeh M, Atashibarg M, Haghshenas M. ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and NOX specific inhibitor, VAS2870 reduce platelets apoptosis while enhancing their viability during storage. Transfusion 2019; 59:1333-1343. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center; High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center; High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine; Tehran Iran
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mahtab Atashibarg
- Blood Transfusion Research Center; High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine; Tehran Iran
| | - Masood Haghshenas
- Blood Transfusion Research Center; High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine; Tehran Iran
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11
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Humbrecht C, Kientz D, Gachet C. Platelet transfusion: Current challenges. Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:151-164. [PMID: 30037501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the late sixties, platelet concentrates are transfused to patients presenting with severe thrombocytopenia, platelet function defects, injuries, or undergoing surgery, to prevent the risk of bleeding or to treat actual hemorrhage. Current practices differ according to the country or even in different hospitals and teams. Although crucial advances have been made during the last decades, questions and debates still arise about the right doses to transfuse, the use of prophylactic or therapeutic strategies, the nature and quality of PC, the storage conditions, the monitoring of transfusion efficacy and the microbiological and immunological safety of platelet transfusion. Finally, new challenges are emerging with potential new platelet products, including cold stored or in vitro produced platelets. The most debated of these points are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Humbrecht
- Établissement français du sang grand est, 85-87, boulevard Lobau, 54064 Nancy cedex, France.
| | - D Kientz
- Établissement français du sang grand est, 85-87, boulevard Lobau, 54064 Nancy cedex, France
| | - C Gachet
- Établissement français du sang grand est, 85-87, boulevard Lobau, 54064 Nancy cedex, France.
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12
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Ghasemzadeh M, Hosseini E, Roudsari ZO, Zadkhak P. Intraplatelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlate with the shedding of adhesive receptors, microvesiculation and platelet adhesion to collagen during storage: Does endogenous ROS generation downregulate platelet adhesive function? Thromb Res 2018; 163:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Platelet components: is there need or room for quality control assays of storage lesions? BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 16:1-3. [PMID: 28151389 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0319-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Platelets are specialized cellular elements of the blood that play central roles in physiologic and pathologic processes of hemostasis, wound healing, host defense, thrombosis, inflammation, and tumor metastasis. Activation of platelets is crucial for platelet function that includes a complex interplay of adhesion, signaling molecules, and release of bioactive factors. Transfusion of platelet concentrates is an important treatment component for thrombocytopenia and bleeding. Recent progress in high-throughput mRNA and protein profiling techniques has advanced the understanding of platelet biological functions toward identifying novel platelet-expressed and secreted proteins, analyzing functional changes between normal and pathologic states, and determining the effects of processing and storage on platelet concentrates for transfusion. It is important to understand the different standard methods of platelet preparation and how they differ from the perspective for use as research samples in clinical chemistry. Two simple methods are described here for the preparation of research-scale platelet samples from whole blood, and detailed notes are provided about the methods used for the preparation of platelet concentrates for transfusion.
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