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McDonald JT, Kim J, Farmerie L, Johnson ML, Trovao NS, Arif S, Siew K, Tsoy S, Bram Y, Park J, Overbey E, Ryon K, Haltom J, Singh U, Enguita FJ, Zaksas V, Guarnieri JW, Topper M, Wallace DC, Meydan C, Baylin S, Meller R, Muratani M, Porterfield DM, Kaufman B, Mori MA, Walsh SB, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Mebarek S, Bottini M, Marquette CA, Wurtele ES, Schwartz RE, Galeano D, Mason CE, Grabham P, Beheshti A. Space radiation damage rescued by inhibition of key spaceflight associated miRNAs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4825. [PMID: 38862542 PMCID: PMC11166944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous research revealed a key microRNA signature that is associated with spaceflight that can be used as a biomarker and to develop countermeasure treatments to mitigate the damage caused by space radiation. Here, we expand on this work to determine the biological factors rescued by the countermeasure treatment. We performed RNA-sequencing and transcriptomic analysis on 3D microvessel cell cultures exposed to simulated deep space radiation (0.5 Gy of Galactic Cosmic Radiation) with and without the antagonists to three microRNAs: miR-16-5p, miR-125b-5p, and let-7a-5p (i.e., antagomirs). Significant reduction of inflammation and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) activity and rescue of mitochondria functions are observed after antagomir treatment. Using data from astronaut participants in the NASA Twin Study, Inspiration4, and JAXA missions, we reveal the genes and pathways implicated in the action of these antagomirs are altered in humans. Our findings indicate a countermeasure strategy that can potentially be utilized by astronauts in spaceflight missions to mitigate space radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology and the WorldQuant Initiative, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lily Farmerie
- Vascular Medicine Institute at the University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Meghan L Johnson
- Vascular Medicine Institute at the University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nidia S Trovao
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shehbeel Arif
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith Siew
- London Tubular Centre, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergey Tsoy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology and the WorldQuant Initiative, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliah Overbey
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology and the WorldQuant Initiative, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista Ryon
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology and the WorldQuant Initiative, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haltom
- The Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Urminder Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 90011, USA
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victoria Zaksas
- Center for Translational Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Clever Research Lab, Springfield, IL, 62704, USA
| | - Joseph W Guarnieri
- The Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Topper
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- The Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology and the WorldQuant Initiative, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Baylin
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Meller
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurobiology/ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - D Marshall Porterfield
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brett Kaufman
- Vascular Medicine Institute at the University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- London Tubular Centre, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Saida Mebarek
- ICBMS, UMR5246, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Christophe A Marquette
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 90011, USA
- Genetics Program, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 90011, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diego Galeano
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology and the WorldQuant Initiative, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, US.
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2
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Bokhari RS, Beheshti A, Blutt SE, Bowles DE, Brenner D, Britton R, Bronk L, Cao X, Chatterjee A, Clay DE, Courtney C, Fox DT, Gaber MW, Gerecht S, Grabham P, Grosshans D, Guan F, Jezuit EA, Kirsch DG, Liu Z, Maletic-Savatic M, Miller KM, Montague RA, Nagpal P, Osenberg S, Parkitny L, Pierce NA, Porada C, Rosenberg SM, Sargunas P, Sharma S, Spangler J, Tavakol DN, Thomas D, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wang C, Whitcomb L, Young DW, Donoviel D. Looking on the horizon; potential and unique approaches to developing radiation countermeasures for deep space travel. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:105-112. [PMID: 36336356 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Future lunar missions and beyond will require new and innovative approaches to radiation countermeasures. The Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH) is focused on identifying and supporting unique approaches to reduce risks to human health and performance on future missions beyond low Earth orbit. This paper will describe three funded and complementary avenues for reducing the risk to humans from radiation exposure experienced in deep space. The first focus is on identifying new therapeutic targets to reduce the damaging effects of radiation by focusing on high throughput genetic screens in accessible, sometimes called lower, organism models. The second focus is to design innovative approaches for countermeasure development with special attention to nucleotide-based methodologies that may constitute a more agile way to design therapeutics. The final focus is to develop new and innovative ways to test radiation countermeasures in a human model system. While animal studies continue to be beneficial in the study of space radiation, they can have imperfect translation to humans. The use of three-dimensional (3D) complex in vitro models is a promising approach to aid the development of new countermeasures and personalized assessments of radiation risks. These three distinct and unique approaches complement traditional space radiation efforts and should provide future space explorers with more options to safeguard their short and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihana S Bokhari
- Agile Decision Sciences, NRESS, Arlington, VA 22202, United States of America.
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, United States of America; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America
| | - David Brenner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States of America
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Bronk
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Xu Cao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Sachi Bioworks, Louisville, CO 80027, United States of America; University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States of America
| | - Delisa E Clay
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | | | - Donald T Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 United States of America; Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 United States of America
| | - David Grosshans
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Fada Guan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Erin A Jezuit
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Ruth A Montague
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bioworks, Louisville, CO 80027, United States of America
| | - Sivan Osenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Luke Parkitny
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Niles A Pierce
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America; Division of Engineering & Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Susan M Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America
| | - Paul Sargunas
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 United States of America
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Sachi Bioworks, Louisville, CO 80027, United States of America
| | - Jamie Spangler
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 United States of America
| | | | - Dilip Thomas
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | | | - Chunbo Wang
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America
| | - Luke Whitcomb
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Damian W Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Dorit Donoviel
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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3
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Wuu YR, Hu B, Okunola H, Paul AM, Blaber EA, Cheng-Campbell M, Beheshti A, Grabham P. LET-Dependent Low Dose and Synergistic Inhibition of Human Angiogenesis by Charged Particles: Validation of miRNAs that Drive Inhibition. iScience 2020; 23:101771. [PMID: 33376971 PMCID: PMC7756138 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Space radiation inhibits angiogenesis by two mechanisms depending on the linear energy transfer (LET). Using human 3D micro-vessel models, blockage of the early motile stage of angiogenesis was determined to occur after exposure to low LET ions (<3 KeV/AMU), whereas inhibition of the later stages occurs after exposure to high LET ions (>8 KeV/AMU). Strikingly, the combined effect is synergistic, detectible as low as 0.06 Gy making mixed ion space radiation more potent. Candidates for bystander transmission are microRNAs (miRNAs), and analysis on miRNA-seq data from irradiated mice shows that angiogenesis would in theory be downregulated. Further analysis of three previously identified miRNAs showed downregulation of their targets associated with angiogenesis and confirmed their involvement in angiogenesis pathways and increased health risks associated with cardiovascular disease. Finally, synthetic molecules (antagomirs) designed to inhibit the predicted miRNAs were successfully used to reverse the inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ruh Wuu
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Burong Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hazeem Okunola
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, VC 11-243, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amber M. Paul
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Blaber
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Biotechnology & InterdisciplinaryStudies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Margareth Cheng-Campbell
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Biotechnology & InterdisciplinaryStudies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, VC 11-243, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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4
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Ricciotti E, Sarantopoulou D, Grant GR, Sanzari JK, Krigsfeld GS, Kiliti AJ, Kennedy AR, Grosser T. Distinct vascular genomic response of proton and gamma radiation-A pilot investigation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207503. [PMID: 30742630 PMCID: PMC6370185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular biology of proton radiotherapy is not well understood. We aimed to compare the genomic dose-response to proton and gamma radiation of the mouse aorta to assess whether their vascular effects may diverge. We performed comparative RNA sequencing of the aorta following (4 hrs) total-body proton and gamma irradiation (0.5–200 cGy whole body dose, 10 dose levels) of conscious mice. A trend analysis identified genes that showed a dose response. While fewer genes were dose-responsive to proton than gamma radiation (29 vs. 194 genes; q-value ≤ 0.1), the magnitude of the effect was greater. Highly responsive genes were enriched for radiation response pathways (DNA damage, apoptosis, cellular stress and inflammation; p-value ≤ 0.01). Gamma, but not proton radiation induced additionally genes in vasculature specific pathways. Genes responsive to both radiation types showed almost perfectly superimposable dose-response relationships. Despite the activation of canonical radiation response pathways by both radiation types, we detected marked differences in the genomic response of the murine aorta. Models of cardiovascular risk based on photon radiation may not accurately predict the risk associated with proton radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dimitra Sarantopoulou
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory R. Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jenine K. Sanzari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gabriel S. Krigsfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amber J. Kiliti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ann R. Kennedy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Sylvester CB, Abe JI, Patel ZS, Grande-Allen KJ. Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Importance of Linear Energy Transfer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:5. [PMID: 29445728 PMCID: PMC5797745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) in the form of photons and protons is a well-established treatment for cancer. More recently, heavy charged particles have been used to treat radioresistant and high-risk cancers. Radiation treatment is known to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) which can occur acutely during treatment or years afterward in the form of accelerated atherosclerosis. Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (RICVD) can be a limiting factor in treatment as well as a cause of morbidity and mortality in successfully treated patients. Inflammation plays a key role in both acute and chronic RICVD, but the underling pathophysiology is complex, involving DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and chronic inflammation. While understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RICVD has increased, the growing number of patients receiving RT warrants further research to identify individuals at risk, plans for prevention, and targets for the treatment of RICVD. Research on RICVD is also relevant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) due to the prevalent space radiation environment encountered by astronauts. NASA's current research on RICVD can both contribute to and benefit from concurrent work with cell and animal studies informing radiotoxicities resulting from cancer therapy. This review summarizes the types of radiation currently in clinical use, models of RICVD, current knowledge of the mechanisms by which they cause CVD, and how this knowledge might apply to those exposed to various types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Sylvester
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zarana S Patel
- Science and Space Operations, KBRwyle, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Abstract
National space agencies and private corporations aim at an extended presence of humans in space in the medium to long term. Together with currently suboptimal technology, microgravity and cosmic rays raise health concerns about deep-space exploration missions. Both of these physical factors affect the cardiovascular system, whose gravity-dependence is pronounced. Heart and vascular function are, therefore, susceptible to substantial changes in weightlessness. The altered cardiovascular function in space causes physiological problems in the postflight period. A compromised cardiovascular system can be excessively vulnerable to space radiation, synergistically resulting in increased damage. The space radiation dose is significantly lower than in patients undergoing radiotherapy, in whom cardiac damage is well-documented following cancer therapy in the thoracic region. Nevertheless, epidemiological findings suggest an increased risk of late cardiovascular disease even with low doses of radiation. Moreover, the peculiar biological effectiveness of heavy ions in cosmic rays might increase this risk substantially. However, whether radiation-induced cardiovascular effects have a threshold at low doses is still unclear. The main countermeasures to mitigate the effect of the space environment on cardiac function are physical exercise, antioxidants, nutraceuticals, and radiation shielding.
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Natarajan M, Aravindan N, Sprague EA, Mohan S. Hemodynamic Flow-Induced Mechanotransduction Signaling Influences the Radiation Response of the Vascular Endothelium. Radiat Res 2016; 186:175-88. [PMID: 27387860 DOI: 10.1667/rr14410.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic shear stress is defined as the physical force exerted by the continuous flow of blood in the vascular system. Endothelial cells, which line the inner layer of blood vessels, sense this physiological force through mechanotransduction signaling and adapt to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Hemodynamic flow, shear stress and mechanotransduction signaling are, therefore, an integral part of endothelial pathophysiology. Although this is a well-established concept in the cardiovascular field, it is largely dismissed in studies aimed at understanding radiation injury to the endothelium and subsequent cardiovascular complications. We and others have reported on the differential response of the endothelium when the cells are under hemodynamic flow shear compared with static culture. Further, we have demonstrated significant differences in the gene expression of static versus shear-stressed irradiated cells in four key pathways, reinforcing the importance of shear stress in understanding radiation injury of the endothelium. This article further emphasizes the influence of hemodynamic shear stress and the associated mechanotransduction signaling on physiological functioning of the vascular endothelium and underscores its significance in understanding radiation injury to the vasculature and associated cardiac complications. Studies of radiation effect on endothelial biology and its implication on cardiotoxicity and vascular complications thus far have failed to highlight the significance of these factors. Factoring in these integral parts of the endothelium will enhance our understanding of the contribution of the endothelium to radiation biology. Without such information, the current approaches to studying radiation-induced injury to the endothelium and its consequences in health and disease are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natarajan Aravindan
- c Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Eugene A Sprague
- b Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229; and
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8
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Sanzari JK, Billings PC, Wilson JM, Diffenderfer ES, Arce-Esquivel AA, Thorne PK, Laughlin MH, Kennedy AR. Effect of electron radiation on vasomotor function of the left anterior descending coronary artery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2015; 4:6-10. [PMID: 26072960 PMCID: PMC4452954 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The left anterior descending (LAD, interventricular) coronary artery provides the blood supply to the mid-region of the heart and is a major site of vessel stenosis. Changes in LAD function can have major effects on heart function. In this report, we examined the effect of electron simulated solar particle event (eSPE) radiation on LAD function in a porcine animal model. Vasodilatory responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 10(−9)–10(−4) M), bradykinin (BK; 10(−11)–10(−6) M), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10(−10)–10(−4) M) were assessed. The LAD arteries from Control (non-irradiated) and the eSPE (irradiated) animals were isolated and exhibited a similar relaxation response following treatment with either ADP or SNP. In contrast, a significantly reduced relaxation response to BK treatment was observed in the eSPE irradiated group, compared to the control group. These data demonstrate that simulated SPE radiation exposure alters LAD function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenine K. Sanzari
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul C. Billings
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jolaine M. Wilson
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric S. Diffenderfer
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel
- E102 Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- 3900 University Blvd., Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Pamela K. Thorne
- E102 Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M. H. Laughlin
- E102 Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ann R. Kennedy
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Paganetti H. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for proton beam therapy. Variations as a function of biological endpoint, dose, and linear energy transfer. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:R419-72. [PMID: 25361443 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/22/r419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton therapy treatments are based on a proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness) relative to high-energy photons of 1.1. The use of this generic, spatially invariant RBE within tumors and normal tissues disregards the evidence that proton RBE varies with linear energy transfer (LET), physiological and biological factors, and clinical endpoint. Based on the available experimental data from published literature, this review analyzes relationships of RBE with dose, biological endpoint and physical properties of proton beams. The review distinguishes between endpoints relevant for tumor control probability and those potentially relevant for normal tissue complication. Numerous endpoints and experiments on sub-cellular damage and repair effects are discussed. Despite the large amount of data, considerable uncertainties in proton RBE values remain. As an average RBE for cell survival in the center of a typical spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), the data support a value of ~1.15 at 2 Gy/fraction. The proton RBE increases with increasing LETd and thus with depth in an SOBP from ~1.1 in the entrance region, to ~1.15 in the center, ~1.35 at the distal edge and ~1.7 in the distal fall-off (when averaged over all cell lines, which may not be clinically representative). For small modulation widths the values could be increased. Furthermore, there is a trend of an increase in RBE as (α/β)x decreases. In most cases the RBE also increases with decreasing dose, specifically for systems with low (α/β)x. Data on RBE for endpoints other than clonogenic cell survival are too diverse to allow general statements other than that the RBE is, on average, in line with a value of ~1.1. This review can serve as a source for defining input parameters for applying or refining biophysical models and to identify endpoints where additional radiobiological data are needed in order to reduce the uncertainties to clinically acceptable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 30 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Kennedy AR. Biological Effects of Space Radiation and Development of Effective Countermeasures. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2014; 1:10-43. [PMID: 25258703 PMCID: PMC4170231 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As part of a program to assess the adverse biological effects expected from astronaut exposure to space radiation, numerous different biological effects relating to astronaut health have been evaluated. There has been major focus recently on the assessment of risks related to exposure to solar particle event (SPE) radiation. The effects related to various types of space radiation exposure that have been evaluated are: gene expression changes (primarily associated with programmed cell death and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling), oxidative stress, gastrointestinal tract bacterial translocation and immune system activation, peripheral hematopoietic cell counts, emesis, blood coagulation, skin, behavior/fatigue (including social exploration, submaximal exercise treadmill and spontaneous locomotor activity), heart functions, alterations in biological endpoints related to astronaut vision problems (lumbar puncture/intracranial pressure, ocular ultrasound and histopathology studies), and survival, as well as long-term effects such as cancer and cataract development. A number of different countermeasures have been identified that can potentially mitigate or prevent the adverse biological effects resulting from exposure to space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R Kennedy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6072
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Grabham P, Sharma P. The effects of radiation on angiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2013; 5:19. [PMID: 24160185 PMCID: PMC3895662 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The average human body contains tens of thousands of miles of vessels that permeate every tissue down to the microscopic level. This makes the human vasculature a prime target for an agent like radiation that originates from a source and passes through the body. Exposure to radiation released during nuclear accidents and explosions, or during cancer radiotherapy, is well known to cause vascular pathologies because of the ionizing effects of electromagnetic radiations (photons) such as gamma rays. There is however, another type of less well-known radiation - charged ion particles, and these atoms stripped of electrons, have different physical properties to the photons of electromagnetic radiation. They are either found in space or created on earth by particle collider facilities, and are of significant recent interest due to their enhanced effectiveness and increasing use in cancer radiotherapy, as well as a health risk to the growing number of people spending time in the space environment. Although there is to date, relatively few studies on the effects of charged particles on the vascular system, a very different picture of the biological effects of these particles compared to photons is beginning to emerge. These under researched biological effects of ion particles have a large impact on the health consequences of exposure. In this short review, we will discuss the effects of charged particles on an important biological process of the vascular system, angiogenesis, which creates and maintains the vasculature and is highly important in tumor vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological research, Columbia University, VC 11-243, 630 West 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Preety Sharma
- Center for Radiological research, Columbia University, VC 11-243, 630 West 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Grabham P, Sharma P, Bigelow A, Geard C. Two distinct types of the inhibition of vasculogenesis by different species of charged particles. Vasc Cell 2013; 5:16. [PMID: 24044765 PMCID: PMC3856512 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charged particle radiation is known to be more biologically effective than photon radiation. One example of this is the inhibition of the formation of human blood vessels. This effect is an important factor influencing human health and is relevant to space travel as well as to cancer radiotherapy. We have previously shown that ion particles with a high energy deposition, or linear energy transfer (LET) are more than four times more effective at disrupting mature vessel tissue models than particles with a lower LET. For vasculogenesis however, the relative biological effectiveness between particles is the same. This unexpected result prompted us to investigate whether the inhibition of vasculogenesis was occurring by distinct mechanisms. METHODS Using 3-Dimensional human vessel models, we developed assays that determine at what stage angiogenesis is inhibited. Vessel morphology, the presence of motile tip structures, and changes in the matrix architecture were assessed. To confirm that the mechanisms are distinct, stimulation of Protein Kinase C (PKC) with phorbol ester (PMA) was employed to selectively restore vessel formation in cultures where early motile tip activity was inhibited. RESULTS Endothelial cells in 3-D culture exposed to low LET protons failed to make connections with other cells but eventually developed a central lumen. Conversely, cells exposed to high LET Fe charged particles extended cellular processes and made connections to other cells but did not develop a central lumen. The microtubule and actin cytoskeletons indicated that motility at the extending tips of endothelial cells is inhibited by low LET but not high LET particles. Actin-rich protrusive structures that contain bundled microtubules showed a 65% decrease when exposed to low LET particles but not high LET particles, with commensurate changes in the matrix architecture. Stimulation of PKC with PMA restored tip motility and capillary formation in low but not high LET particle treated cultures. CONCLUSION Low LET charged particles inhibit the early stages of vasculogenesis when tip cells have motile protrusive structures and are creating pioneer guidance tunnels through the matrix. High LET charged particles do not affect the early stages of vasculogenesis but they do affect the later stages when the endothelial cells migrate to form tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC 11-205A/243, 630 West 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Preety Sharma
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC 11-205A/243, 630 West 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alan Bigelow
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Center for Radiological Research, Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, Irvington, NY 10533, USA
| | - Charles Geard
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC 11-205A/243, 630 West 168th street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Sorokina S, Markova E, Gursky J, Dobrovodsky J, Belyaev I. Relative biological efficiency of protons at low and therapeutic doses in induction of 53BP1/γH2AX foci in lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:716-23. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.797619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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