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Wakeford R. What about the workers? JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2024; 44:020202. [PMID: 38776882 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad4eea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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2
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Miao ZY, Chen SF, Wu H, Liu XY, Shao HY. Analysis of genetic characteristics of 436 children with dysplasia and detailed analysis of rare karyotype. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:416-425. [PMID: 35582623 PMCID: PMC9055171 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormality is one of the important causes of dysplasia in children. However, due to regional and ethnic differences, the reported rates of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with dysplasia vary greatly. Moreover, the clinical manifestations in children with rare chromosomal diseases were heterogeneous. So, we retrospectively analyzed the karyotype results of 436 children with dysplasia and conducted a detailed analysis of rare chromosomal diseases. The results showed that chromosomal abnormalities were present in 181 of 436 cases. Intellectual disability, dysmorphology, congenital malformations, the disorder of sexual development, and short stature were the main five clinical symptoms in children with chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, 136 cases of Trisomy 21 (Tri21) were detected, of which 130 were standard Tri21, 5 were robertsonian Tri21, and 1 was chimera type. In addition, 16 cases of rare abnormal karyotype, including complex Tri21, complex Turner syndrome, 4p-syndrome, 18q-syndrome, and 5p-syndrome, were also detected. In summary, chromosome abnormality is one of the important causes of dysplasia in children. Furthermore, prenatal screening and diagnosis could play a great significance in preventing dysplasia in children. In addition, the retrospective analysis of rare cases is valuable for clinical diagnosis and risk assessment of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yu Miao
- Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital , 20#, The East Road of Yu Huang Ding, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000 , Shandong , China
| | - Shi-Feng Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital , 20#, The East Road of Yu Huang Ding, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000 , Shandong , China
| | - Hong Wu
- Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital , 20#, The East Road of Yu Huang Ding, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000 , Shandong , China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital , 20#, The East Road of Yu Huang Ding, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000 , Shandong , China
| | - Hui-Yuan Shao
- Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital , 20#, The East Road of Yu Huang Ding, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000 , Shandong , China
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Hartel C, Nasonova E, Ritter S, Friedrich T. Alpha-Particle Exposure Induces Mainly Unstable Complex Chromosome Aberrations which do not Contribute to Radiation-Associated Cytogenetic Risk. Radiat Res 2021; 196:561-573. [PMID: 34411274 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00116.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the carcinogenic potential of α radiation is not fully understood, considering that cell inactivation (e.g., mitotic cell death) as a main consequence of exposure efficiently counteracts the spreading of heritable DNA damage. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of α particles in inducing different types of chromosomal aberrations, to determine the respective values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and to interpret the results with respect to exposure risk. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from a single donor were exposed ex vivo to doses of 0-6 Gy X rays or 0-2 Gy α particles. Cells were harvested at two different times after irradiation to account for the mitotic delay of heavily damaged cells, which is known to occur after exposure to high-LET radiation (including α particles). Analysis of the kinetics of cells reaching first or second (and higher) mitosis after irradiation and aberration data obtained by the multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique are used to determine of the cytogenetic risk, i.e., the probability for transmissible aberrations in surviving lymphocytes. The analysis shows that the cytogenetic risk after α exposure is lower than after X rays. This indicates that the actually observed higher carcinogenic effect of α radiation is likely to stem from small scale mutations that are induced effectively by high-LET radiation but cannot be resolved by mFISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hartel
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Nasonova
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany.,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Dubna, Russia
| | - S Ritter
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Friedrich
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
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Nimker S, Sharma K, Saraswathy R, Chandna S. Delineating the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Erythropoietic Lineage-Implications for Radiation Biodosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 116:677-693. [PMID: 30720544 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The overall lethality/morbidity of ionizing radiation exposure involves multiple forms of inhibitory or cytotoxic effects that may manifest in different tissues with a varying dose and time response. One of the major systemic effects leading to lethality of radiation includes its suppressive effect on hematopoiesis, which could be observed even at doses as low as 1-2 Gy, whereas effects on gastrointestinal and nervous systems appear at relatively higher doses in the same order. This article reviews the effects of radiation on the three distinct stages of erythropoiesis-formation of erythroid progenitor cells, differentiation of erythroid precursor cells, and terminal maturation. During these stepwise developmental processes, erythroid progenitor cells undergo rapid expansion to form terminally differentiated red blood cells that are continuously replenished from bone marrow into the circulating peripheral blood stream. Cellular radiation response depends upon many factors such as cell lineage, rate of proliferation, and differentiation status. Therefore, we discuss radiation-induced alterations during the progenitor, precursor, and terminal maturation stages and the implications thereof. Since biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure in human populations are of great interest for assessing normal tissue injury as well as for biodosimetry in the event of accidental or incidental radiation exposures, we also highlight blood-based biomarkers that have potential utility for medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetanjali Nimker
- Division of Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institiute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanupriya Sharma
- Division of Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Radha Saraswathy
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institiute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Zhang L, Ren M, Song G, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang J. Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosomal inversion, translocation and deletion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:2811-2816. [PMID: 29257243 PMCID: PMC5783495 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to perform comprehensive prenatal diagnosis using various detection techniques on a fetus in a high‑risk pregnant woman, and to provide genetic counseling for the patient and her family so as to avoid birth defects. The routine karyotype analysis via amniocentesis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and whole genome microarray technique were performed for the prenatal diagnosis of the fetus. The fetal karyotype was 46,X,ish der(X) inv(X)(p22.3q28)t(X;Y)(q28;q11.2)(XYqter+,SRY‑,DXZ1+, RP11‑64L19+,STS+,XYpter+); namely, one fetal X chromosome belonged to the derivative imbalanced chromosome and this chromosome demonstrated complex chromosomal rearrangements involving inversion, translocation and deletion. Notably, pericentric inversion between Xp22.3 and Xq28 was identified, and the chromosomal microarray technique confirmed that the long arm q28 of the derivative X chromosome had a 1.241‑Mb deletion in Xq28, which included Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man genes such as coagulation factor VIII, glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase, inhibitor of nuclear factor‑κB kinase subunit γ, trimethyllysine hydroxylase ε, Ras‑related protein Rab‑39B and chloride intracellular channel 2. In addition, this chromosome also exhibited the local translocation of fragment Yq11.21‑q11.23, which did not include the sex determining region Y gene. This fetus demonstrated deletion, inversion and translocation syndrome, and may exhibit the corresponding clinical phenotypes (e.g., intellectual disability or general delayed development) (1) of such chromosome abnormalities after birth. Therefore, in prenatal diagnosis, a variety of genetic diagnostic techniques should be comprehensively used based on specific clinical situations, which may accurately reveal the nature, sources and manifestations of the derivative chromosome abnormalities and avoid the birth of children with defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Meihong Ren
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Guining Song
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xuexia Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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Abe Y, Yoshida MA, Fujioka K, Kurosu Y, Ujiie R, Yanagi A, Tsuyama N, Miura T, Inaba T, Kamiya K, Sakai A. Dose-response curves for analyzing of dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations following doses of 1000 mGy or less, based on irradiated peripheral blood samples from five healthy individuals. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:35-42. [PMID: 29040682 PMCID: PMC5786284 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In terms of biological dosimetry at the time of radiation exposure, the dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay (DCA) is the gold standard for assessing for the acute phase and chromosome translocation (Tr) analysis is the gold standard for assessing the chronic phase. It is desirable to have individual dose-response curves (DRCs) for each laboratory because the analysis criteria differ between laboratories. We constructed the DRCs for radiation dose estimation (with three methods) using peripheral blood (PB) samples from five healthy individuals. Aliquots were irradiated with one of eight gamma-ray doses (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 or 1000 mGy), then cultured for 48 h. The number of chromosome aberrations (CAs) was analyzed by DCA, using Giemsa staining and centromere-fluorescence in situ hybridization (centromere-FISH) and by chromosome painting (chromosome pairs 1, 2 and 4) for Tr analysis. In DCA, there was large variation between individuals in the frequency of Dics formed, and the slopes of the DRCs were different. In Tr analysis, although variation was observed in the frequency of Tr, the slopes of the DRCs were similar after adjusting the background for age. Good correlation between the irradiation dose and the frequency of CAs formed was observed with these three DRCs. However, performing three different biological dosimetry assays simultaneously on PB from five donors nonetheless results in variation in the frequency of CAs formed, especially at doses of 50 mGy or less, highlighting the difficulty of biological dosimetry using these methods. We conclude that it might be difficult to construct universal DRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Abe
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kurumi Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kurosu
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Risa Ujiie
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Aki Yanagi
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tsuyama
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan. Tel: +81-24-547-1420; Fax: +81-24-547-1940;
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Tawn EJ, Curwen GB, Riddell AE, Lloyd DC, Ainsbury EA. Chromosome analysis in a case of a plutonium contaminated wound. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2017; 37:N13-N19. [PMID: 28418934 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was undertaken over a 10 year period following an intake of plutonium through a hand wound. Frequencies of cells with unstable complex aberrations remained high throughout this time, probably reflecting direct exposure of lymphocytes as they passed plutonium which had transferred to regional lymph nodes. Analysis at the final sampling time also revealed cells with stable aberrations at a much higher frequency relative to the number of unstable cells than expected from direct exposure, and is therefore most likely to be reflecting exposure to lymphocyte precursor cells from plutonium that has become deposited on bone surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Janet Tawn
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom. Westlakes Research Institute, Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria, CA24 3LN, United Kingdom
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