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Giovannoni G, Kappos L, Fox RJ, Vermersch P, Cree BAC, Benedict RHB, Bar-Or A, Piani-Meier D, Ritter S. 118 Sustained reduction of disability and cognitive decline with long-term siponimod in EXPAND active SPMS patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIn the EXPAND study, patients with active SPMS (aSPMS) demonstrated a reduced risk of 3/6-month confirmed disability progression (3m/6m CDP) and risk of decline in cognitive processing speed (CPS, 6-month confirmed cognition worsening of ≥4-point on Symbol Digit Modalities Test [6mCCW]) versus placebo.ObjectivesAssess long-term efficacy and safety of siponimod in patients with aSPMS.MethodsIn aSPMS patients who entered the EXPAND Extension, time to 3m/6mCDP, 6mCCW, and annu- alized relapse rate (ARR) were assessed for the Continuous (siponimod in Core and Extension) and Switch (placebo in Core and open-label siponimod in Core/Extension) groups.ResultsRisk of 6mCDP was reduced by 29% (0.71 [0.57–0.90]; p=0.0044) for Continuous versus Switch group, corresponding to approximately 70% delay in time to 6mCDP. The risk of 6mCCW for Continuous versus Switch group was reduced by 33% (0.67 [0.53–0.86]); p=0.0018), corresponding to approximately 70% delay in time to 6mCCW. A significant reduction in ARR for the Continuous versus Switch groups was observed in patients with or without active disease.ConclusionsLong-term data analyses showed that siponimod effects on disability, cognitive processing speed, and relapse outcomes in patients with active SPMS are sustained up to 5 years, and highlight the value of early treatment initiation.teresa.sawtell@novartis.com
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Penner K, Giovannoni G, Cree BAC, Fox RJ, Bar-ors A, Gold R, Vermesch P, Piani-Meier D, Ritter S. 114 Effect of siponimod on cognitive processing speed in SPMS patients with active and non-active disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSiponimod significantly reduced the relative risk of 3-month (m) confirmed disability progression (CDP) by 21% and 6mCDP by 26% versus placebo in the EXPAND core study and showed significant benefits on cognitive processing speed (CPS) using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of siponimod on CPS in active (aSPMS) and non-active (naSPMS) patients from EXPAND core study.MethodsThis subgroup analysis included aSPMS patients (siponimod, n=516; placebo, n=263) and naSPMS patients (siponimod, n=557; placebo, n=270). Change in SDMT score; time to 6m confirmed ≥4-points cognitive worsening/improvement (6mCW/6mCI) on SDMT and the proportion of patients with worsened, stable and improved SDMT scores at M24 were analysed.ResultsChange in SDMT (95% Cl) versus placebo from baseline to M24 in aSPMS and naSPMS groups was2.34 (0.66; 4.02) and 2.44 (0.67; 4.22), respectively, consistent with overall EXPAND core population. In aSPMS patients, siponimod reduced risk of 6mCW by 27% (p=0.06) and improved chances of 6mCI by 62% (p=0.007) versus placebo. Corresponding values in the naSPMS group were: 6mCW, 24% (p=ns) and 6mCI, 19% (p=ns).ConclusionsSiponimod was associated with relevant benefits in CPS as measured by change in SDMT in patients with active and non-active SPMS.teresasawtell@novartis.com82
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Ritter S, Pattanaik D, Bowden J. M016 A CASE OF HEREDITARY ALPHA TRYPTASEMIA PRESENTING AS PERIOPERATIVE ANAPHYLAXIS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hartel C, Nasonova E, Ritter S, Friedrich T. Alpha-Particle Exposure Induces Mainly Unstable Complex Chromosome Aberrations which do not Contribute to Radiation-Associated Cytogenetic Risk. Radiat Res 2021; 196:561-573. [PMID: 34411274 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00116.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the carcinogenic potential of α radiation is not fully understood, considering that cell inactivation (e.g., mitotic cell death) as a main consequence of exposure efficiently counteracts the spreading of heritable DNA damage. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of α particles in inducing different types of chromosomal aberrations, to determine the respective values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and to interpret the results with respect to exposure risk. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from a single donor were exposed ex vivo to doses of 0-6 Gy X rays or 0-2 Gy α particles. Cells were harvested at two different times after irradiation to account for the mitotic delay of heavily damaged cells, which is known to occur after exposure to high-LET radiation (including α particles). Analysis of the kinetics of cells reaching first or second (and higher) mitosis after irradiation and aberration data obtained by the multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique are used to determine of the cytogenetic risk, i.e., the probability for transmissible aberrations in surviving lymphocytes. The analysis shows that the cytogenetic risk after α exposure is lower than after X rays. This indicates that the actually observed higher carcinogenic effect of α radiation is likely to stem from small scale mutations that are induced effectively by high-LET radiation but cannot be resolved by mFISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hartel
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Nasonova
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany.,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Dubna, Russia
| | - S Ritter
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Friedrich
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
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Ritter S, Dannenmaier J, Krischak G. Was wünschen sich Eltern, Kinder und Jugendliche für die Nachsorge nach einer Rehabilitation? Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Krischak
- IFR Ulm, Bad Buchau
- Federseeklinik, Bad Buchau
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Ritter S, Dannenmaier J, Jankowiak S, Kaluscha R, Krischak G. [Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty - Utilization of Postoperative Rehabilitation]. REHABILITATION 2017; 57:248-255. [PMID: 28561255 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After total hip and knee arthroplasty, patients have different options of subsequent treatment: an early postoperative rehabilitation, with or without a period at home, or only outpatient services. The aim of this study was to identify factors predicting the utilization of an early postoperative rehabilitation. METHODS This cross-sectoral analysis is based on claims data of AOK Baden-Württemberg (Statutory Health Insurance), Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund and Deutsche Rentenversicherung Baden-Württemberg (German Pension Insurance). Predictors for participation in an early postoperative rehabilitation and for an interim period were determined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 82.6% of 9 232 patients were going to an early postoperative rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty. After total knee arthroplasty, 83.9% of 7 656 patients were utilizing postoperative rehabilitation. Moreover, there was less utilization of postoperative rehabilitation in young, male and foreign patients. The analysis shows that the utilization of post-acute rehabilitation was significantly predicted by sociodemographic variables (age, sex, nationality) as well as comorbidity, outpatient treatment and medication. CONCLUSION The results provide an indication of higher severity of patients in group "postoperative rehabilitation without a period at home". Nevertheless there are some indications for under-utilization of certain patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ritter
- Institut für Rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an der Universität Ulm, Bad Buchau
| | - J Dannenmaier
- Institut für Rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an der Universität Ulm, Bad Buchau
| | - S Jankowiak
- Institut für Rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an der Universität Ulm, Bad Buchau
| | - R Kaluscha
- Institut für Rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an der Universität Ulm, Bad Buchau
| | - G Krischak
- Institut für Rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an der Universität Ulm, Bad Buchau.,Abteilung Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Federseeklinik, Bad Buchau
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Gu H, Niceno B, Grundler P, Sharabi M, Veleva L, Ritter S. Computational study of platinum nanoparticle deposition on the surfaces of crevices. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Silber E, Montalban X, Barkhof F, Khatri B, Hartung HP, Ritter S, Meier DP, Tomic D, Kappos L. EFFECT OF FINGOLIMOD VS. IFN-BETA1A ON NO EVIDENCE OF DISEASE ACTIVITY. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionTo compare effects of fingolimod vs. interferon beta-1a (IFN) in achieving no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-4) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the TRANSFORMS study. Adding Brain Volume Loss (BVL) to NEDA results in a more comprehensive and balanced measure of focal and diffuse damage.MethodsIn this post-hoc analysis, we used data from the fingolimod 0.5 mg daily (n=431) and IFN 30 µg weekly (n=435) groups. NEDA-4 was defined as absence of confirmed relapses, new/enlarging T2 lesions, 6-month confirmed disability progression (CDP) and BVL (annual percent brain volume change [PBVC] of >−0.4%). 3-month CDP and additional PBVC cut-offs representing mean BVL rates in healthy adults (0.2%), MS patients (0.6%), or accelerated BVL (1.2%) were also tested. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for differences between fingolimod- and IFN-treated groups.ResultsSignificantly more fingolimod (n=425) than IFN-treated patients (n=418) achieved NEDA-4 status: 27.9% vs. 16.7% (OR:1.93; 95% CI: 1.36–2.73; p=0.0002). Results were similar for other PBVC cut-offs: (>–0.2%): 20.2% vs 11.5%; 1.94; 1.30–2.90, p=0.0011; (>–0.6%): 34.6% vs 20.4%; 2.06; 1.49–2.86, p<0.0001; (>–1.2%): 40.8% vs 26.4%; 1.92; 1.42–2.60; p<0.0001.ConclusionFingolimod-treated patients had twice the odds of achieving NEDA-4 status over 1 year as patients treated with IFN.
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Kappos L, Cohen J, Barkhof F, Khatri B, Hartung H, Ritter S, Piani Meier D, Tomic D, Montalban X. Effect of fingolimod versus interferon-beta1a on neda-4 (no evidence of disease activity or worsening) in the transforms study. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ritter S, Jankowiak S, Kaluscha R, Krischak G. Wie beurteilen Pädiater Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen? Gesundheitswesen 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cree B, Chin P, Ritter S, Meier D, Rosenstiel P, Casiano S, Kappos L. Four-year Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) outcomes in patients treated with fingolimod in the Phase 3 and extension trial program. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2014.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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an der Heiden M, Ritter S, Hamouda O, Offergeld R. Estimating the residual risk for HIV, HCV and HBV in different types of platelet concentrates in Germany. Vox Sang 2014; 108:123-30. [PMID: 25335096 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We estimated and compared the residual risks due to window-period donations for pooled and apheresis platelets in Germany using a modification of a previously described statistical model. This model directly utilizes the reported interdonation intervals before a positive donation and reflects in this aspect the look-back procedures used in haemovigilance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the German National Blood Donor Surveillance System for the years 2006-2012, including reports about donations from repeat donors with confirmed positive test results for HIV, HCV and HBV, were used to estimate the risk of undetected infectious units for both pooled and apheresis platelets. RESULTS Demographics of whole-blood and apheresis donors differed in age, gender, catchment area and interdonation interval. These differences impact on the prevalence and incidence of transfusion relevant infections and consequently the residual risk. The estimates for the residual risks for pooled and apheresis platelets were comparable. For HIV, there was no significant difference, for HCV apheresis platelets had a lower residual risk, whereas pooled platelets had a lower risk for undetected HBV infections. CONCLUSION These findings do not support calls for a shift to an apheresis platelets-only policy in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- M an der Heiden
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Knabe HM, Wulff A, Tepper M, Ritter S, Schaefer JP, Jansen O. Visuelle Beurteilung von Tumorgrößenveränderungen im CT – Eine Pilotstudie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hofmann G, Rochet A, Baier S, Casapu M, Ritter S, Wilde F, Ogurreck M, Beckmann F, Grunwaldt JD. Ageing Effects on Exhaust Gas Catalysts: Microscopic Changes Captured by X-Ray Tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/499/1/012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Majithia R, Ritter S, Meissner K. Heterogeneous nucleation for synthesis of sub-20nm ZnO nanopods and their application to optical humidity sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 812:206-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luft S, Pignalosa D, Nasonova E, Arrizabalaga O, Helm A, Durante M, Ritter S. Fate of D3 mouse embryonic stem cells exposed to X-rays or carbon ions. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2014; 760:56-63. [PMID: 24397998 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The risk of radiation exposure during embryonic development is still a major problem in radiotoxicology. In this study we investigated the response of the murine embryonic stem cell (mESC) line D3 to two radiation qualities: sparsely ionizing X-rays and densely ionizing carbon ions. We analyzed clonogenic cell survival, proliferation, induction of chromosome aberrations as well as the capability of cells to differentiate to beating cardiomyocytes up to 3 days after exposure. Our results show that, for all endpoints investigated, carbon ions are more effective than X-rays at the same radiation dose. Additionally, in long term studies (≥8 days post-irradiation) chromosomal damage and the pluripotency state were investigated. These studies reveal that pluripotency markers are present in the progeny of cells surviving the exposure to both radiation types. However, only in the progeny of X-ray exposed cells the aberration frequency was comparable to that of the control population, while the progeny of carbon ion irradiated cells harbored significantly more aberrations than the control, generally translocations. We conclude that cells surviving the radiation exposure maintain pluripotency but may carry stable chromosomal rearrangements after densely ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luft
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Pignalosa
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Nasonova
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - O Arrizabalaga
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Ritter
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Pillukat T, Ritter S, Fuhrmann RA, Windolf J, van Schoonhoven J. [Operative treatment of claw deformity by lassoplasty]. Oper Orthop Traumatol 2013; 25:331-9. [PMID: 23942802 DOI: 10.1007/s00064-012-0207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim is correction of claw deformity of the fingers by intrinsic paralysis. INDICATIONS Indications are claw deformity of fingers caused by palsy or functional loss of the interosseus or lumbrical muscles as far as the function of the superficial and deep flexors of the finger is intact. CONTRAINDICATIONS Contraindications are loss or paralysis of finger flexors supplied by the median nerve, fixed extension or flexion contracture of the finger joints, osteoarthritis and other malfunctions of the finger joints, no active flexion and extension of the interphalangeal joints due to compromised tendon gliding. Relative: Upper ulnar nerve palsy with functional loss of the deep flexor of the small and ring finger and possibly of the middle finger. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE The operation technique involves detachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis IV tendon (FDS IV) distal to Camper's chiasm, division of the tendon into separate strips, interweaving of each tendon strip into the proximal part of the A2 pulley of the affected fingers. In cases of claw deformity of all fingers it may be advantageous to apply the superficial flexor tendon of the long finger in addition to the FDS IV tendon as otherwise the FDS IV tendon has to be divided into four strips resulting in relatively thin tendon strips. If the FDS III and IV tendons are applied, the two strips of the FDS IV tendon are used for lassoplasty of the small and ring fingers and the FDS III tendon for lassoplasty of the middle and index fingers. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Postoperative management includes immobilization of the operated fingers by a dorsoulnar forearm plaster cast including the metacarpophalangeal joints which are flexed to 70°. After 2 weeks replacement of the cast by a thermoplastic splint for another 4 weeks. During the whole period exercises for the finger and thumb should be carried out. RESULTS From April 2003 to June 2012 a total of 17 patients, 8 female and 9 male were surgically treated for claw deformity. The dominant hand was affected in seven patients. The average age was 46 ± 15 (22-80) years, the average interval from onset of ulnar palsy to lassoplasty was 61 ± 91 (3-288) months. The final follow-up was performed after an average of 42 ± 32 (2-112) months. Claw deformity was resolved in 14 out of the 17 patients. The grip strength was on average 58 ± 28 % (11-96 %) of the unaffected hand, the mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score was 32 ± 18 (5-68) points and the degree of patient satisfaction 7 ± 2 (0-10). According to own results and those in the literature lassoplasty can be recommended for the treatment of claw deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pillukat
- Klinik für Handchirurgie, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Deutschland.
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Offergeld R, Ritter S, Hamouda O. [HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis surveillance among blood donors in Germany 2008-2010]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013; 55:907-13. [PMID: 22842883 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-012-1516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to article 22 of the Transfusion Act. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2008-2010. The prevalence for HIV ranged from 6.6-7.0/100,000, for HCV from 68.9-81.6/100,000, for HBV from 116.2-136.6/100,000 and for syphilis from 31.0-42.1/100,000 donations. The proportion of incident infections per 100,000 donations ranged from 0.8-0.9 for HIV, 0.8-1.0 for HCV, 0.3-0.5 for HBV and 1.4-1.6 for syphilis. Since 2001 the prevalence and incidence of HBV and HCV among blood has declined whereas incident HIV infections reached a peak in 2008 and 2010 and show an increasing trend. Also, the proportion of syphilis infections among first time donors was highest in 2010. Significant differences in infection prevalence and incidence were found between the sexes, different age groups and different donation types. In order to optimise donor selection a validated donor questionnaire should be used and confidentiality in all steps of donation should be assured. The possibility of a confidential self-exclusion should be explicitly pointed out to donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Offergeld
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, DGZ-Ring 1, 13086, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Ritter S, Hamouda O, Offergeld R. Demografie und Spendeaktivität von Blut- und Plasmaspendern in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2012; 55:914-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-012-1515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wiater MF, Mukherjee S, Li AJ, Dinh TT, Rooney EM, Simasko SM, Ritter S. Circadian integration of sleep-wake and feeding requires NPY receptor-expressing neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R1569-83. [PMID: 21880863 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00168.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and feeding rhythms are highly coordinated across the circadian cycle, but the brain sites responsible for this coordination are unknown. We examined the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor-expressing neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in this process by injecting the targeted toxin, NPY-saporin (NPY-SAP), into the arcuate nucleus (Arc). NPY-SAP-lesioned rats were initially hyperphagic, became obese, exhibited sustained disruption of circadian feeding patterns, and had abnormal circadian distribution of sleep-wake patterns. Total amounts of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS) were not altered by NPY-SAP lesions, but a peak amount of REMS was permanently displaced to the dark period, and circadian variation in NREMS was eliminated. The phase reversal of REMS to the dark period by the lesion suggests that REMS timing is independently linked to the function of MBH NPY receptor-expressing neurons and is not dependent on NREMS pattern, which was altered but not phase reversed by the lesion. Sleep-wake patterns were altered in controls by restricting feeding to the light period, but were not altered in NPY-SAP rats by restricting feeding to either the light or dark period, indicating that disturbed sleep-wake patterns in lesioned rats were not secondary to changes in food intake. Sleep abnormalities persisted even after hyperphagia abated during the static phase of the lesion. Results suggest that the MBH is required for the essential task of integrating sleep-wake and feeding rhythms, a function that allows animals to accommodate changeable patterns of food availability. NPY receptor-expressing neurons are key components of this integrative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Wiater
- Programs in Neuroscience, Dept. of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
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Lettner M, Mücke M, Riedl S, Vo C, Hahn C, Baur S, Bochmann J, Ritter S, Dürr S, Rempe G. Remote entanglement between a single atom and a Bose-Einstein condensate. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:210503. [PMID: 21699281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement between stationary systems at remote locations is a key resource for quantum networks. We report on the experimental generation of remote entanglement between a single atom inside an optical cavity and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). To produce this, a single photon is created in the atom-cavity system, thereby generating atom-photon entanglement. The photon is transported to the BEC and converted into a collective excitation in the BEC, thus establishing matter-matter entanglement. After a variable delay, this entanglement is converted into photon-photon entanglement. The matter-matter entanglement lifetime of 100 μs exceeds the photon duration by 2 orders of magnitude. The total fidelity of all concatenated operations is 95%. This hybrid system opens up promising perspectives in the field of quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lettner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Dzemali O, Schurr U, Biry M, Ritter S, Häussler A, Zollinger A, Genoni M. High incidence of severely prolonged QT interval after cardiac surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Pignalosa D, Ritter S, Durante M. Inversions in Chromosome 10 of Human Thyroid Cells Induced by Accelerated Heavy Ions. Radiat Res 2010; 174:14-9. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1963.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Durante M, Pignalosa D, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF, Ritter S. Influence of Nuclear Geometry on the Formation of Genetic Rearrangements in Human Cells. Radiat Res 2010; 174:20-6. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2063.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Bochmann J, Mücke M, Guhl C, Ritter S, Rempe G, Moehring DL. Lossless state detection of single neutral atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:203601. [PMID: 20867026 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We introduce lossless state detection of trapped neutral atoms based on cavity-enhanced fluorescence. In an experiment with a single 87Rb atom, a hyperfine-state-detection fidelity of 99.4% is achieved in 85 μs. The quantum bit is interrogated many hundreds of times without loss of the atom while a result is obtained in every readout attempt. The fidelity proves robust against atomic frequency shifts induced by the trapping potential. Our scheme does not require strong coupling between the atom and cavity and can be generalized to other systems with an optically accessible quantum bit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bochmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
A theoretical description for a single quantum-dot emitter in a microcavity is developed.We analyze for increasing steady-state pump rate the transition from the strong-coupling regime with photon antibunching to the weak-coupling regime with coherent emission. It is demonstrated how Coulomb interaction of excited carriers and excitation-induced dephasing can strongly modify the emission properties. Our theoretical investigations are based on a direct solution of the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the coupled carrier-photon system. We include multiple carrier excitations in the quantum dot, their Coulomb interaction, as well as excitation-induced dephasing and screening. Similarities and differences to atomic systems are discussed and results in the regime of recent experiments are interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ritter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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29
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Biry M, Schurr U, Ritter S, Baenziger K, Zollinger A, Genoni M. High incidence of severely prolonged QT interval after cardiac surgery. Crit Care 2010. [PMCID: PMC2934116 DOI: 10.1186/cc8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Fournier C, Barberet P, Pouthier T, Ritter S, Fischer B, Voss KO, Funayama T, Hamada N, Kobayashi Y, Taucher-Scholz G. No evidence for DNA and early cytogenetic damage in bystander cells after heavy-ion microirradiation at two facilities. Radiat Res 2009; 171:530-40. [PMID: 19580488 DOI: 10.1667/rr1457.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of bystander effects has challenged the evaluation of risk for heavy ions, mainly in the context of space exploration and the increasing application of carbon ions in radiotherapy. In the present study, we addressed whether heavy-ion-induced DNA and cytogenetic damage is detectable in bystander cells. The formation of gamma-H2AX foci, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei were used as markers of damage to DNA. Normal human fibroblasts were exposed to low fluences of carbon and uranium ions, and alternatively single cells were targeted with heavy ions using the GSI microbeam. We did not observe a significant increase in the bystander formation of gamma-H2AX foci, sister chromatid exchanges or micronuclei. In addition, we performed for the first time parallel experiments at two microbeam facilities (GSI, JAEA) using the same cell line, culture conditions and irradiation protocols. No significant enhancement of the micronucleus frequencies in bystander cells was detected after targeted carbon-ion irradiation, confirming the results. Details regarding the history, culture conditions or support of the cells might be affecting the detection of bystander effects. On the other hand, the potential X-ray- and heavy-ion-induced bystander effects investigated herein clearly do not exceed the experimental error and thus are either lacking or are less pronounced than the effects reported in the literature for similar end points after alpha-particle and X-ray exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fournier
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Gudowska-Nowak E, Kleczkowski A, Nasonova E, Scholz M, Ritter S. Correlation between mitotic delay and aberration burden, and their role for the analysis of chromosomal damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 81:23-32. [PMID: 15962760 DOI: 10.1080/09553000400027902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate further the relationship between radiation-induced mitotic delay and the expression of chromosome damage in V79 cells. Recently published data on the time-course of chromosome aberrations in V79 first-cycle metaphases after exposure to 10.4 MeV u(-1) Ar ions (LET = 1226 keV microm(-1)) were supplemented and reanalysed. A statistical analysis of the distribution of aberrations among cells was performed. Furthermore, cells were grouped into subpopulations carrying 0, 1 -2, 3-4, 5- 6 and 7 or more aberrations. Then, based on the mitotic index, the flux of each subgroup through the first mitosis was determined and the average entrance time to mitosis was estimated. For comparison, the flux of aberrant V79 cells generated by X-irradiation was analysed. Analysis of the Ar ion data revealed that the flux of each subpopulation through the first mitosis is strongly affected by its aberration burden, i.e. a positive correlation between the mitotic delay and the number of aberrations carried by a cell was observed. The distribution of aberrations among cells could be well described by Neyman-type A statistics; the corresponding fit parameters also reflect the damage-dependent mitotic delay. Interestingly, comparison of the flux of Ar ion and X-ray-irradiated V79 cells through mitosis revealed (1) that a direct correlation exists between the number of aberrations carried by a cell and its average entrance time to mitosis, and (2) that this effect is independent of the linear energy transfer. The role of these observations for radiation cytogenetics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gudowska-Nowak
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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32
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Tenhumberg S, Gudowska-Nowak E, Nasonova E, Ritter S. Cell cycle arrest and aberration yield in normal human fibroblasts. II: Effects of 11 MeV u−1C ions and 9.9 MeV u−1Ni ions. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 83:501-13. [PMID: 17613123 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701436802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate further the relationship between high linear energy transfer (LET) induced cell cycle arrests and the yield of chromosome aberrations observable in normal human fibroblasts at the first post-irradiation mitosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal human fibroblasts (AG01,522C) were exposed in G0/G1 to either 11 MeV u(-1) C ions (LET = 153.5 keV microm(-1)) or 9.9 MeV u(-1) Ni ions (LET = 2,455 keV microm(-1)), subcultured in medium containing 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and at multiple time-points post-irradiation the yield of chromosomal damage, the mitotic index and the cumulative BrdU-labelling index were determined. Furthermore, a mathematical approach was used to analyse the entire cell population. RESULTS Following high LET exposure normal fibroblasts suffer a transient delay into S-phase and into mitosis as well as a prolonged, probably permanent cell cycle arrest in the initial G0/G1-phase. Cells that reach the first mitosis at early times carried less aberrations than those collected at later times indicating a relationship between cell cycle delay and the number of aberrations. However, with respect to the whole cell population, only a few aberrant fibroblasts are able to progress to the first mitosis. For all endpoints studied the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of C ions is in the range of 2 - 4, while for Ni ions RBE < 1 is estimated. In contrast, when compared on a per particle basis Ni ions with the higher ionization density were found to be more effective. CONCLUSIONS Detailed analysis of the data demonstrates that the number of fibroblasts at risk for neoplastic transformation is significantly reduced by a chronic cell cycle arrest in the initial G0/G1-phase and, for the first time, the LET-dependence of this effect has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tenhumberg
- Biophysik, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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33
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Nasonova E, Füssel K, Berger S, Gudowska-Nowak E, Ritter S. Cell cycle arrest and aberration yield in normal human fibroblasts. I. Effects of X‐rays and 195 MeV u−1C ions. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 80:621-34. [PMID: 15586882 DOI: 10.1080/09553000400001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between cell proliferation and the expression of chromosomal damage in normal human skin fibroblasts after X-ray and particle irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Confluent G0/G1 AG1522B cells were exposed to X-rays or 195MeV u(-1) C ions with a linear energy transfer of 16.6 keV microm(-1) in the dose range 1-4 Gy. Directly after irradiation, cells were reseeded at a low density in medium containing 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. At multiple time points post-irradiation, the cumulative BrdU-labelling index, mitotic index and aberration frequency were measured. Based on these data, the total amount of damage induced within the entire cell population was estimated by means of mathematical analysis. RESULTS Both types of radiation exposure exert a pronounced effect on the cell cycle progression of fibroblasts. They result in delayed entry of cells into S-phase and into the first mitosis, and cause a dramatic reduction in mitotic activity. Measurement of chromosomal damage in first-cycle cells at multiple time points post-irradiation shows that the frequencies of aberrant cells and aberrations increase with time up to twofold for the lower doses. However, for the higher doses, this effect is less pronounced or even disappears. When the data for the whole cell population are analysed, it becomes evident that only a few damaged fibroblasts can progress to the first mitosis, a response attributable at least in part to a long-term arrest of injured cells in the initial G0/G1-phase. As observed in other investigations, the effectiveness of 195 MeV u(-1) C ions was similar or slightly higher than X-rays for all endpoints studied leading to a relative biological effectiveness in the range 1.0-1.4. CONCLUSIONS Cell cycle arrests affect the aberration yield observable in normal human fibroblasts at mitosis. The data obtained for the cell population as a whole reveal that injured cells are rapidly removed from the mitotically active population through a chronic cell cycle arrest, which is consistent with other studies that indicate that this response is a specific strategy of fibroblasts to minimize the fixation and propagation of genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nasonova
- Biophysik, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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34
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35
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Wiater M, Ritter S. β-Mercaptoacetate-induced feeding is not altered by endogenous, central or peripheral leptin. Appetite 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.04.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Lehnen H, Ritter S. Perinataldaten von spontan (NC) vs. iatrogen induzierten (IVF/ICSI) Drillingsgraviditäten in einem Perinatalzentrum Level I – Kritische Würdigung aller 12 Drillingsschwangerschaften/-Geburten 1/2000–12/2008. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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38
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Stoecker H, Levin A, Gutmann E, Weissbach T, Leisegang T, Ritter S, Elschner C, Bobeth M, Pompe W, Meyer D. Reversible structural changes by electrostatic fields in strontium titanate at room temperature. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730808505x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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39
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Levin A, Stoecker H, Ritter S, Weissbach T, Bilani-Zeneli O, Meyer D. Lattice strain tuning in SrTiO 3/La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3films by inverse piezoelectric effect of PMN–PT wafer. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308085152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Baumstark M, Lunina N, Ritter S, Diederichs K, Lunin V. 3D structure of small dense LDL; application of low-resolution diffraction and ab initiomethods. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308089265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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41
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Hudson B, Wiater M, Ritter S. Hindbrain catecholamine neurons contribute to control of daily food intake during chronic leptin treatment. Appetite 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
The phase transition of Bose-Einstein condensation was studied in the critical regime, where fluctuations extend far beyond the length scale of thermal de Broglie waves. We used matter-wave interference to measure the correlation length of these critical fluctuations as a function of temperature. Observations of the diverging behavior of the correlation length above the critical temperature enabled us to determine the critical exponent of the correlation length for a trapped, weakly interacting Bose gas to be nu = 0.67 +/- 0.13. This measurement has direct implications for the understanding of second-order phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Donner
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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43
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Nasonova EA, Shmakova NL, Komova OV, Mel'nikova LA, Fadeeva TA, Krasavin EA, Ritter S. Cytogenetic effects of low-dose radiation with different LET in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radiat Environ Biophys 2006; 45:307-12. [PMID: 17031661 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-006-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome damage and the spectrum of aberrations induced by low doses of gamma-irradiation, X-rays and accelerated carbon ions (195 MeV/u, LET 16.6 keV/microm) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of four donors were studied. G0-lymphocytes were exposed to 1-100 cGy, stimulated by PHA, and analyzed for chromosome aberrations at 48 h post-irradiation by the metaphase method. A complex nonlinear dose-effect dependence was observed over the range of 1 to 50 cGy. At 1-7 cGy, the cells showed the highest radiosensitivity per unit dose (hypersensitivity, HRS), which was mainly due to chromatid-type aberration. According to the classical theory of aberration formation, chromatid-type aberrations should not be induced by irradiation of unstimulated lymphocytes. With increasing dose, the frequency of aberrations decreased significantly, and in some cases it even reached the control level. At above 50 cGy the dose-effect curves became linear. In this dose range, the frequency of chromatid aberrations remained at a low constant level, while the chromosome-type aberrations increased linearly with dose. The high yield of chromatid-type aberrations observed in our experiments at low doses confirms the idea that the molecular mechanisms which underlie the HRS phenotype may differ from the classical mechanisms of radiation-induced aberration formation. The data presented, as well as recent literature data on bystander effects and genetic instability expressed as chromatid-type aberrations on a chromosomal level, are discussed with respect to possible common mechanisms underlying all low-dose phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Nasonova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russia.
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44
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Eidelman YA, Ritter S, Nasonova E, Lee R, Talyzina TA, Andreev SG. Prediction of dose response for radiation induced exchange aberrations taking cell cycle delays into account. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 122:185-7. [PMID: 17132676 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncl413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) are regarded as one of the most sensitive biological indicators of genetic alterations. The aberration frequency is routinely determined in the first metaphase. Yet, the data interpretation can be complicated due to radiation induced mitotic delays. To investigate the effect of delays on CA frequency in the first mitosis, human lymphocytes were irradiated with X rays and Giemsa detectable CAs were measured at different sampling times. Besides, a computer simulation was performed reproducing the main effects under investigation, that is, CA induction and cell progression through the mitotic cycle. The CA formation model takes into account the structural organisation of interphase chromosomes in a lymphocyte nucleus, DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and their rejoining/misrejoining. Lymphocyte transition through the cell cycle was simulated by a Monte Carlo technique. The delay was proposed to result from DNA DSBs. The predicted ratios of first/second/third cycle metaphases agree with the experimental data for control and irradiated samples. Both experimental and calculated CA frequencies in the first mitosis were nearly time-independent. This was proposed to result from de-synchronisation of the lymphocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Eidelman
- Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin str. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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45
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Offergeld R, Ritter S, Faensen D, Hamouda O. Infektionsepidemiologische Daten von Blutspendern 2003–2004. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2005; 48:1273-87. [PMID: 16249868 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-005-1174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany in accordance with Article 22 of the Transfusion Act. This surveillance permits an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2003 and 2004. Altogether 7.09 million and 6.37 million donations or blood samples from prospective donors were screened in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In 2003 the prevalence rates of the relevant infections (per 100,000 donations) were 8.2 for HIV, 99.3 for HCV, 158.9 for HBV and 34.4 for syphilis. In 2003 the rates of seroconversion (per 100,000 donations) were 0.8 for HIV, 1.2 for HCV, 1.0 for HBV and 1.5 for syphilis in 2003. In 2004 the prevalence rates (per 100,000 donations) were 4.8 for HIV, 85.3 for HCV, 156.3 for HBV and 36.8 for syphilis. In 2004 the rates of seroconversion (per 100,000 donations) were 0.9 for HIV, 1.3 for HCV, 0.6 for HBV and 2.0 for syphilis. The analysis showed a very low incidence of infections with a decreasing trend for HCV infections and an increase in HIV and syphilis infections. The latter needs to be monitored carefully and possible causes evaluated. The quality of the reported data has improved compared to previous years. Still, some problems remain with the differentiation of the data according to sex, age and interdonation interval as well as reporting by individual blood donation centres as required by the Transfusion Act.
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Offergeld R, Faensen D, Ritter S, Hamouda O. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C and hepatitis B infections among blood donors in Germany 2000-2002: risk of virus transmission and the impact of nucleic acid amplification testing. Euro Surveill 2005; 10:8-11. [PMID: 15735310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood and plasma donations in Germany are collected by several institutions, namely the German Red Cross, community and hospital-based blood services, private blood centres, commercial plasma donation sites and transfusion services of the army. All blood donation centres are required to report quarterly data on infection markers to the Robert Koch Institute, thus providing current and accurate epidemiological data. The prevalence and incidence of relevant viral infections are low in the blood donor population in Germany, with a decreasing trend for hepatitis C infections in new and repeat donors since 1997. The implementation of mandatory nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1999 has markedly improved transfusion safety. HIV-NAT became mandatory in 2004 but was done voluntarily by the majority of the blood donation services before then. The potential benefit of hepatitis B virus (HBV) minipool NAT is not as clear because chronic HBV carriers with very low virus levels might donate unidentified. The residual risk of an infectious window period donation inadvertently entering the blood supply can be estimated using a mathematic model which multiplies the incidence rate by the number of days during which an infection may be present but not detectable, i.e. the length of the window period. The risk of an undetected infection without NAT testing was estimated to be 1 in 2,770,000 for HIV, 1 in 670,000 for HCV and 1 in 230,000 for HBV in 2001/2002. This contrasts with 1 in 5,540,000 for HIV, 1 in 4,400,000 for HCV and 1 in 620,000 for HBV with minipool NAT testing. This demonstrates that NAT testing can further reduce the already very small risk of infectious donations entering the blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Offergeld
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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47
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Offergeld R, Faensen D, Ritter S, Hamouda O. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C and hepatitis B infections among blood donors in Germany 2000-2002: risk of virus transmission and the impact of nucleic acid amplification testing. Euro Surveill 2005; 10:13-14. [DOI: 10.2807/esm.10.02.00522-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood and plasma donations in Germany are collected by several institutions, namely the German Red Cross, community and hospital-based blood services, private blood centres, commercial plasma donation sites and transfusion services of the army. All blood donation centres are required to report quarterly data on infection markers to the Robert Koch Institute, thus providing current and accurate epidemiological data. The prevalence and incidence of relevant viral infections are low in the blood donor population in Germany, with a decreasing trend for hepatitis C infections in new and repeat donors since 1997. The implementation of mandatory nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1999 has markedly improved transfusion safety. HIV-NAT became mandatory in 2004 but was done voluntarily by the majority of the blood donation services before then. The potential benefit of hepatitis B virus (HBV) minipool NAT is not as clear because chronic HBV carriers with very low virus levels might donate unidentified. The residual risk of an infectious window period donation inadvertently entering the blood supply can be estimated using a mathematic model which multiplies the incidence rate by the number of days during which an infection may be present but not detectable, i.e. the length of the window period. The risk of an undetected infection without NAT testing was estimated to be 1 in 2 770 000 for HIV, 1 in 670 000 for HCV and 1 in 230 000 for HBV in 2001/2002. This contrasts with 1 in 5 540 000 for HIV, 1 in 4 400 000 for HCV and 1 in 620 000 for HBV with minipool NAT testing. This demonstrates that NAT testing can further reduce the already very small risk of infectious donations entering the blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Offergeld
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Faensen
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Ritter
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Hamouda
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Lee R, Nasonova E, Ritter S. Chromosome aberration yields and apoptosis in human lymphocytes irradiated with Fe-ions of differing LET. Adv Space Res 2005; 35:268-75. [PMID: 15934205 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper the relationship between cell cycle delays induced by Fe-ions of differing LET and the aberration yield observable in human lymphocytes at mitosis was examined. Cells of the same donor were irradiated with 990 MeV/n Fe-ions (LET=155 keV/micrometers), 200 MeV/n Fe-ions (LET=440 keV/micrometers) and X-rays and aberrations were measured in first cycle mitoses harvested at different times after 48-84 h in culture and in prematurely condensed G2-cells (PCCs) collected at 48 h using calyculin A. Analysis of the time-course of chromosomal damage in first cycle metaphases revealed that the aberration frequency was similar after X-ray irradiation, but increased two and seven fold after exposure to 990 and 200 MeV/n Fe-ions, respectively. Consequently, RBEs derived from late sampling times were significantly higher than those obtained at early times. The PCC-data suggest that the delayed entry of heavily damaged cells into mitosis results especially from a prolonged arrest in G2. Preliminary data obtained for 4.1 MeV/n Cr-ions (LET=3160 keV/micrometers) revealed, that these delays are even more pronounced for low energy Fe-like particles. Additionally, for the different radiation qualities, BrdU-labeling indices and apoptotic indices were determined at several time-points. Only the exposure to low energy Fe-like particles affected the entry of lymphocytes into S-phase and generated a significant apoptotic response indicating that under this particular exposure condition a large proportion of heavily damaged cells is rapidly eliminated from the cell population. The significance of this observation for the estimation of the health risk associated with space radiation remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lee
- Biophysik, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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Offergeld R, Ritter S, Faensen D, Hamouda O. Bericht des Robert Koch-Instituts zu den Meldungen nach � 22 Transfusionsgesetz f�r die Jahre 2001 und 2002. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2004; 47:1216-29. [PMID: 15583893 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-004-0954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to Article 22 of the Transfusion Act. The surveillance permits an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2001 and 2002. Altogether 5.71 million and 6.63 million donations or blood samples from prospective donors were screened in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The analysis showed a very low incidence of infections with a decreasing trend for HCV infections since 1997 but a slight increase in HIV infections in 2001-2002 compared to 1999-2000. The prevalence of the relevant infections/100,000 donations was 4.7 for HIV, 94.7 for HCV, 159.0 for HBV and 33.4 for syphilis in 2001. The rate of seroconversions/100,000 donations was 0.5 for HIV, 1.6 for HCV, 1.4 for HBV and 1.6 for syphilis in 2001. In 2002 the prevalence/100,000 donations was 7.5 for HIV, 97.4 for HCV, 164.1 for HBV and 31.9 for syphilis. The rate of sero-conversions/100,000 donations in that year was 0.7 for HIV, 1.5 for HCV, 1.2 for HBV and 1.9 for syphilis. The quality of the reported data has improved significantly compared to previous years. Still, some problems remained with the differentiation of the data according to sex, age and interval between donations and the reporting by individual blood donation centres as required by the Transfusion Act.
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Nasonova E, Ritter S. Cytogenetic effects of densely ionising radiation in human lymphocytes: impact of cell cycle delays. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 104:216-20. [PMID: 15162041 DOI: 10.1159/000077492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical cytogenetic assay to estimate the dose to which an individual has been exposed relies on the measurement of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes at the first post-irradiation mitosis 48 h after in vitro stimulation. However, evidence is accumulating that this protocol results in an underestimation of the cytogenetic effects of high LET radiation due to a selective delay of damaged cells. To address this issue, human lymphocytes were irradiated with C-ions (25-mm extended Bragg peak, LET: 60-85 keV/ micro m) and aberrations were measured in cells reaching the first mitosis after 48, 60, 72 and 84 h and in G2-phase cells collected after 48 h by calyculin A induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC). The results were compared with recently published data on the effects of X-rays and 200 MeV/u Fe-ions (LET: 440 keV/ micro m) on lymphocytes of the same donor (Ritter et al., 2002a). The experiments show clearly that the aberration yield rises in first-generation metaphase (M1) with culture time and that this effect increases with LET. Obviously, severely damaged cells suffer a prolonged arrest in G2. The mitotic delay has a profound effect on the RBE: RBE values estimated from the PCC data were about two times higher than those obtained by conventional metaphase analysis at 48 h. Altogether, these observations argue against the use of single sampling times to quantify high LET induced chromosomal damage in metaphase cells.
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