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Furune S, Suzuki T, Honda T, Yamamoto K, Furukawa K, Nakamura M, Ishigami M, Kinoshita F, Kadota Y, Tochio T, Shimomura Y, Hirooka Y, Fujishiro M, Kawashima H. Effects of 1-kestose on microbiome changes caused by vonoprazan: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:480-488. [PMID: 38149305 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Potassium-competitive acid blockers more strongly suppress the gastric acid barrier than proton pump inhibitors and cause dysbiosis. However, preventive measures in this regard have not been established. We aimed to evaluate whether 1-kestose, a known prebiotic, was effective at alleviating dysbiosis caused by potassium-competitive acid blockers. METHODS Patients scheduled to undergo endoscopic resection for superficial gastroduodenal tumors were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive either 1-kestose or placebo. All patients were started on potassium-competitive acid blocker (vonoprazan 20 mg/day) and took 1-kestose 10 g/day or placebo (maltose) 5 g/day for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of 1-kestose on potassium-competitive acid blocker-induced alterations in the microbiome. The fecal microbiome was analyzed before and after potassium-competitive acid blocker treatment via MiSeq (16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region). RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled, and 16 in each group were analyzed. In the placebo group, the Simpson index, an alpha diversity, was significantly decreased and relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly increased by 1.9-fold. In the kestose group, the Simpson index did not change significantly and relative abundance of Streptococcus increased 1.3-fold, but this was not a significant change. In both groups, no adverse events occurred, ulcers were well healed, and pretreatment and posttreatment short-chain fatty acid levels did not differ. CONCLUSIONS The potassium-competitive acid blocker caused dysbiosis in the placebo group; this effect was prevented by 1-kestose. Thus, 1-kestose may be useful in dysbiosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furune
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Kinoshita
- Statistical Analysis Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Fujii T, Kezuka C, Kawaguchi Y, Yamakawa S, Kondo N, Funasaka K, Hirooka Y, Tochio T. Co-administration of the prebiotic 1-kestose and the paraprobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FM8 in magellanic penguins promotes the activity of intestinal Lactobacillaceae and reduces the plc gene levels encoding Clostridium perfringens toxin. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:193-201. [PMID: 38171739 PMCID: PMC10898991 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-known potential health benefits of prebiotics and non-viable probiotics (paraprobiotics) in various animal species, research regarding their use in penguins is scarce. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of a combined administration of prebiotics and paraprobiotics (referred to here as "parasynbiotics") on the gut microbiome and overall health of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). The parasynbiotics consisted of 1-kestose, which is a fructooligosaccharide comprising sucrose and fructose, and heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FM8, isolated from pickled vegetables. It was administered to eight penguins aged <3 years (Young-group) and nine penguins aged >17 years (Adult-group) for 8 weeks. Results from 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that compared to baseline, parasynbiotic administration significantly decreased the relative abundance of intestinal Clostridiaceae_222000 in both groups and significantly increased that of Lactobacillaceae in the Young-group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed a significant decrease in the plc gene levels encoding alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens in the Young-group after parasynbiotic administration (P=0.0078). In the Young-group, parasynbiotic administration significantly increased the plasma levels of total alpha-globulin (P=0.0234), which is associated with inflammatory responses. Furthermore, exposure of dendritic cells to heat-killed L. plantarum FM8 promoted the secretion of interleukin 10, a major anti-inflammatory cytokine. Overall, parasynbiotic administration enhanced the activity of gut Lactobacillaceae, decreased the levels of C. perfringens and its toxin encoding plc gene, and reduced inflammatory response in penguins. These results provide novel insights into the potential benefits of parasynbiotics for improving penguin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- BIOSIS Lab. Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Saki Yamakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- Research and Development Division, Itochu Sugar Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
- WELLNEO SUGAR Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- Research and Development Division, Itochu Sugar Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
- WELLNEO SUGAR Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Funasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
- BIOSIS Lab. Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
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Takahashi H, Fujii T, Yamakawa S, Yamada C, Fujiki K, Kondo N, Funasaka K, Hirooka Y, Tochio T. Combined oral intake of short and long fructans alters the gut microbiota in food allergy model mice and contributes to food allergy prevention. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:266. [PMID: 37737162 PMCID: PMC10515425 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has become clear that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in food allergies. The objective of this study was to assess the food allergy-preventive effects of combined intake of a short fructan (1-kestose [Kes]) and a long fructan (inulin ([Inu]) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy mouse model. RESULTS Oral administration of fructans lowered the allergenic symptom score and alleviated the decreases in rectal temperature and total IgA levels and increases in OVA-specific IgE and IgA levels induced by high-dose OVA challenge, and in particular, combined intake of Kes and Inu significantly suppressed the changes in all these parameters. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, which was increased in the allergy model group, was significantly suppressed by fructan administration, and the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased upon Kes administration. 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the gut microbiota and beta diversity analysis revealed that fructan administration may induce gut microbiota resistance to food allergy sensitization, rather than returning the gut microbiota to a non-sensitized state. The relative abundances of the genera Parabacteroides B 862,066 and Alloprevotella, which were significantly reduced by food allergy sensitization, were restored by fructan administration. In Parabacteroides, the relative abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and their fructan-degrading glycoside hydrolase family 32 gene copy numbers were increased upon Kes or Inu administration. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (acetate and propionate) and lactate were increased by fructan administration, especially significantly in the Kes + Inu, Kes, and Inu-fed (Inu, Kes + Inu) groups. CONCLUSION Combined intake of Kes and Inu suppressed allergy scores more effectively than single intake, suggesting that Kes and Inu have different allergy-preventive mechanisms. This indicates that the combined intake of these short and long fructans may have an allergy-preventive benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Saki Yamakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Research and Development Division, Itochu Sugar Co., Ltd., Hekinan, Aichi, Japan
- WELLNEO SUGAR Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Yamada
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kotoyo Fujiki
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Research and Development Division, Itochu Sugar Co., Ltd., Hekinan, Aichi, Japan
- WELLNEO SUGAR Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Funasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Medical Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Malukiewicz J, D'arc M, Dias CA, Cartwright RA, Grativol AD, Moreira SB, Souza AR, Tavares MCH, Pissinatti A, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Santos AFA. Bifidobacteria define gut microbiome profiles of golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) and marmoset (Callithrix sp.) metagenomic shotgun pools. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15679. [PMID: 37735195 PMCID: PMC10514281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome disruptions may lead to adverse effects on wildlife fitness and viability, thus maintaining host microbiota biodiversity needs to become an integral part of wildlife conservation. The highly-endangered callitrichid golden lion tamarin (GLT-Leontopithecus rosalia) is a rare conservation success, but allochthonous callitrichid marmosets (Callithrix) serve as principle ecological GLT threats. However, incorporation of microbiome approaches to GLT conservation is impeded by limited gut microbiome studies of Brazilian primates. Here, we carried out analysis of gut metagenomic pools from 114 individuals of wild and captive GLTs and marmosets. More specifically, we analyzed the bacterial component of ultra filtered samples originally collected as part of a virome profiling study. The major findings of this study are consistent with previous studies in showing that Bifidobacterium, a bacterial species important for the metabolism of tree gums consumed by callitrichids, is an important component of the callitrichid gut microbiome - although GTLs and marmosets were enriched for different species of Bifidobacterium. Additionally, the composition of GLT and marmoset gut microbiota is sensitive to host environmental factors. Overall, our data expand baseline gut microbiome data for callitrichids to allow for the development of new tools to improve their management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Malukiewicz
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Mirela D'arc
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cecilia A Dias
- Centro de Primatologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Reed A Cartwright
- School of Life Sciences and the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | - Silvia Bahadian Moreira
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratorio das Ciencias Ambientais, Centro de Biociencias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - André F A Santos
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Shibata R, Koga Y, Takahashi M, Murakami Y, Tochio T, Kadota Y. In children with cow's milk allergy, 1-kestose affects the gut microbiota and reaction threshold. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1067-1074. [PMID: 36918660 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions targeting the gut microbiota for treating food allergy (FA) have been gaining much attention. Although several studies have examined the effects of probiotics, few have verified the effects of prebiotic intervention on FA in humans. METHODS We conducted a preliminary open-label, parallel-group comparison trial in children diagnosed with severe cow's milk allergy (CMA) who were instructed to ingest baked milk (BM; bread or cookies) daily. The subjects either received or did not receive the prebiotic 1-kestose (kestose) daily for 6 months. CMA symptoms and the threshold dose for milk protein were evaluated by oral food challenge with heated milk or BM. Blood and fecal samples were also collected for investigations of the antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and microbiota composition. RESULTS Kestose treatment significantly increased the threshold dose for milk protein, and decreased the milk- and casein-specific IgE levels in serum. In those treated with kestose, the abundance of Fusicatenibacter spp. significantly increased in the feces, and a significant inverse correlation was seen between the abundance of Fusicatenibacter spp. and the milk- and casein-specific IgE levels. CONCLUSION Kestose treatment induced some tolerance to milk protein via changes in the gut microbiota composition in children with FA. IMPACT A 6-month treatment with the prebiotic kestose increased the threshold dose for milk protein, and decreased the serum levels of milk- and casein-specific IgE in children diagnosed with cow's milk allergy. The kestose treatment increased the abundance of Fusicatenibacter spp. in the gut, which was inversely correlated with the antigen-specific IgE levels. This is the first study to demonstrate that a prebiotic intervention induced some tolerance to an allergen in children with food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiko Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takahashi
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan
| | - Youko Murakami
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kadota
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan.
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Takahashi M, Kadota Y, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Sakurai K, Mori C, Shimojo N. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Effect of 1-Kestose on Defecation Habits in Constipated Kindergarten Children: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3276. [PMID: 37513693 PMCID: PMC10386190 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is common in children and can significantly affect quality of life. Prebiotics are reportedly helpful for constipation in adults, but few studies have examined their use in young children. In this study, the effect of 1-kestose (kestose), which has excellent bifidobacterial growth properties, on constipation in kindergarten children (n = 11) was compared with that of maltose (n = 12) in a randomized, double-blind study. Three grams of kestose per day for 8 weeks did not affect stool properties, but significantly increased the number of defecations per week (Median; 3 → 4 times/week, p = 0.017, effect size = 0.53). A significant decrease in Intestinibacter, a trend toward increased bifidobacteria, and a trend toward decreased Clostridium sensu stricto were observed after kestose ingestion, while concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in stools were unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki Shiko
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Shibuya 150-0012, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
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Zheng F, Basit A, Wang J, Zhuang H, Chen J, Zhang J. Biochemical analyses of a novel acidophilic GH5 β-mannanase from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and its application in mannooligosaccharides production from galactomannans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191553. [PMID: 37362936 PMCID: PMC10288326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an acidophilic GH5 β-mannanase (TaMan5) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 2.0-fold increase, 67.5 ± 1.95 U/mL). TaMan5 displayed the highest specificity toward locust bean gum (Km = 1.34 mg/mL, Vmax = 749.14 μmol/min/mg) at pH 4.0 and 65°C. Furthermore, TaMan5 displayed remarkable tolerance to acidic environments, retaining over 80% of its original activity at pH 3.0-5.0. The activity of TaMan5 was remarkably decreased by Cu2+, Mn2+, and SDS, while Fe2+/Fe3+ improved the enzyme activity. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the action model showed that TaMan5 could rapidly degrade mannan/MOS into mannobiose without mannose via hydrolysis action as well as transglycosylation. Site-directed mutagenesis results suggested that Glu205, Glu313, and Asp357 of TaMan5 are crucial catalytic residues, with Asp152 playing an auxiliary function. Additionally, TaMan5 and commercial α-galactosidase displayed a remarkable synergistic effect on the degradation of galactomannans. This study provided a novel β-mannanase with ideal characteristics and can be considered a potential candidate for the production of bioactive polysaccharide mannobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Zheng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhuang
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
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Pokorski P, Trząskowska M. In Situ Inactivation of Selected Bacillus Strains in Brewer's Spent Grain during Fermentation by Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454-The Possibility of Post-Production Residues Management. Foods 2023; 12:2279. [PMID: 37372490 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety and quality of post-production residues is essential before they can be reused. Both to explore the possibility of reuse as a fermentation medium and the context of pathogens' inactivation, the research aimed to characterize the fermentation system of L. lactis ATCC 11454 and brewer's spent grain, malt and barley, especially to in situ inactivation of selected Bacillus strains during the fermentation and storage. Barley products were milled, autoclaved, hydrated and fermented with L. lactis ATCC 11454. Then, the co-fermentation with Bacillus strains was carried out. The amount of polyphenols in the samples ranged from 483.5 to 718.4 ug GAE g-1 and increased after 24 h fermentation with L. lactis ATCC 11454. The high viability of LAB in the fermented samples and after 7 days of storage at 4 °C (8 log CFU g-1) indicates the high nutrients bioavailability during the storage. Also, this co-fermentation on different barley products indicated a high reduction level (2 to 4 logs) of Bacillus due to the biosuppression effect of the LAB strain in this fermentation system. Brewer's spent grain (BSG) fermented with L. lactis ATCC 25 11454 produces a highly effective cell-free supernatant (CFS) for suppressing Bacillus strains. This was evident in both the inhibition zone and fluorescence analysis of bacteria viability. In conclusion, the obtained results justify the use of brewer's spent grain in selected food products, increasing their safety and nutritional value. This finding is highly beneficial in the sustainable management of post-production residues when current waste material can still serve as a source of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Pokorski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Trząskowska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Blachier F. Amino Acid-Derived Bacterial Metabolites in the Colorectal Luminal Fluid: Effects on Microbial Communication, Metabolism, Physiology, and Growth. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1317. [PMID: 37317289 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Undigested dietary and endogenous proteins, as well as unabsorbed amino acids, can move from the terminal part of the ileum into the large intestine, where they meet a dense microbial population. Exfoliated cells and mucus released from the large intestine epithelium also supply nitrogenous material to this microbial population. The bacteria in the large intestine luminal fluid release amino acids from the available proteins, and amino acids are then used for bacterial protein synthesis, energy production, and in other various catabolic pathways. The resulting metabolic intermediaries and end products can then accumulate in the colorectal fluid, and their concentrations appear to depend on different parameters, including microbiota composition and metabolic activity, substrate availability, and the capacity of absorptive colonocytes to absorb these metabolites. The aim of the present review is to present how amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites can affect microbial communication between both commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, as well as their metabolism, physiology, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAe, UMR PNCA, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Ikegami S, Nakamura M, Honda T, Yamamura T, Maeda K, Sawada T, Ishikawa E, Yamamoto K, Furune S, Ishikawa T, Furukawa K, Ohno E, Ishigami M, Kinoshita F, Kadota Y, Tochio T, Shimomura Y, Hirooka Y, Kawashima H. Efficacy of 1-kestose supplementation in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:1249-1257. [PMID: 36644995 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis involves an excessive immune response to intestinal bacteria. Whether administering prebiotic 1-kestose is effective for active ulcerative colitis remains controversial. AIMS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial investigated the efficacy of 1-kestose against active ulcerative colitis. METHODS Forty patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis were randomly treated with 1-kestose (N = 20) or placebo (maltose, N = 20) orally for 8 weeks in addition to the standard treatment. The Lichtiger clinical activity index and Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity were determined. Faecal samples were analysed to evaluate the gut microbiome and metabolites. RESULTS The clinical activity index at week 8 was significantly lower in the 1-kestose group than in the placebo group (3.8 ± 2.7 vs. 5.6 ± 2.1, p = 0.026). Clinical remission and response rates were higher in the 1-kestose group than in the placebo group (remission: 55% vs. 20%, p = 0.048; response: 60% vs. 25%, p = 0.054). The Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity at week 8 was not significantly different (2.8 ± 1.6 vs. 3.5 ± 1.6, p = 0.145). Faecal analysis showed significantly reduced alpha-diversity in the 1-kestose group, with a decreased relative abundance of several bacteria, including Ruminococcus gnavus group. The short-chain fatty acid levels were not significantly different between the groups. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the groups. DISCUSSION Oral 1-kestose is well tolerated and provides clinical improvement for patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis through modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ikegami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Sawada
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furune
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Kinoshita
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Han D, Zulewska J, Xiong K, Yang Z. Synergy between oligosaccharides and probiotics: From metabolic properties to beneficial effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4078-4100. [PMID: 36315042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotic is defined as the dietary mixture that comprises both probiotic microorganisms and prebiotic substrates. The concept has been steadily gaining attention owing to the rising recognition of probiotic, prebiotics, and gut health. Among prebiotic substances, oligosaccharides demonstrated considerable health beneficial effects in varieties of food products and their combination with probiotics have been subjected to full range of evaluations. This review delineated the landscape of studies using microbial cultures, cell lines, animal model, and human subjects to explore the functional properties and host impacts of these combinations. Overall, the results suggested that these combinations possess respective metabolic properties that could facilitate beneficial activities therefore could be employed as dietary interventions for human health improvement and therapeutic purposes. However, uncertainties, such as applicational practicalities, underutilized analytical tools, contradictory results in studies, unclear mechanisms, and legislation hurdles, still challenges the broad utilization of these combinations. Future studies to address these issues may not only advance current knowledge on probiotic-prebiotic-host interrelationship but also promote respective applications in food and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Justyna Zulewska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ke Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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12
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Endo A, Tanno H, Kadowaki R, Fujii T, Tochio T. Extracellular fructooligosaccharide degradation in Anaerostipes hadrus for co-metabolism with non-fructooligosaccharide utilizers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Morita A, Hara T, Joh T. Decomposition and effect as prebiotics of inulin in Jerusalem artichoke tubers during storage. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.69.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Morita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | | | - Toshio Joh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University
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14
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Zhang N, Jin M, Wang K, Zhang Z, Shah NP, Wei H. Functional oligosaccharide fermentation in the gut: Improving intestinal health and its determinant factors-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119043. [PMID: 35287885 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Tanno H, Fujii T, Hirano K, Maeno S, Tonozuka T, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, Tochio T, Endo A. Characterization of fructooligosaccharide metabolism and fructooligosaccharide-degrading enzymes in human commensal butyrate producers. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33439065 PMCID: PMC7833758 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1869503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate produced by gut microbiota has multiple beneficial effects on host health, and oligosaccharides derived from host diets and glycans originating from host mucus are major sources of its production. A significant reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria has been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancers. Although gut butyrate levels are important for host health, oligosaccharide metabolic properties in butyrate producers are poorly characterized. We studied the metabolic properties of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and other prebiotic oligosaccharides (i.e. raffinose and xylooligosaccharides; XOSs) in gut butyrate producers. 1-Kestose (kestose) and nystose, FOSs with degrees of polymerization of 3 and 4, respectively, were also included. Fourteen species of butyrate producers were divided into four groups based on their oligosaccharide metabolic properties, which are group A (two species) metabolizing all oligosaccharides tested, group F (four species) metabolizing FOSs but not raffinose and XOSs, group XR (four species) metabolizing XOSs and/or raffinose but not FOSs, and group N (four species) metabolizing none of the oligosaccharides tested. Species assigned to groups A and XR are rich glycoside hydrolase (GH) holders, whereas those in groups F and N are the opposite. In total, 17 enzymes assigned to GH32 were observed in nine of the 14 butyrate producers tested, and species that metabolized FOSs had at least one active GH32 enzyme. The GH32 enzymes were divided into four clusters by phylogenetic analysis. Heterologous gene expression analysis revealed that the GH32 enzymes in each cluster had similar FOS degradation properties within clusters, which may be linked to the conservation/substitution of amino acids to bind with substrates in GH32 enzymes. This study provides important knowledge to understand the impact of FOS supplementation on the activation of gut butyrate producers. Abbreviations: SCFA, short chain fatty acid; FOS, fructooligosaccharide; XOS, xylooligosaccharide; CAZy, Carbohydrate Active Enzymes; CBM, carbohydrate-binding module; PUL, polysaccharide utilization locus; S6PH sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sakamoto
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Ibaraki, Japan,Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan,CONTACT Akihito Endo Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido099-2493, Japan
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16
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Fan R, Dresler J, Tissen D, Wen L, Czermak P. In situ purification and enrichment of fructo-oligosaccharides by fermentative treatment with Bacillus coagulans and selective catalysis using immobilized fructosyltransferase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125969. [PMID: 34587583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are prebiotic sugar substitutes that can be produced from sucrose using fructosyltransferases (FTases). However, the economic value of this process is limited by inefficient product purification and enzyme reusability. In this study, enzyme-free FOS preparations were produced by immobilizing the FTase on resin carriers. This also increased the catalytic selectivity of the enzyme. However, the crude FOS preparations still contained high concentrations of monosaccharide byproducts and residual disaccharides that must be removed because they lack prebiotic activity. A hybrid process was developed in which fed-batch fermentation was combined with the probiotic bacterium Bacillus coagulans (which selectively utilizes monosaccharides) and the simultaneous conversion of residual sucrose using the FTase to increase FOS purity. This process depleted the monosaccharides and increased the concentration of FOS to 130-170 g·L-1. The residual sucrose was converted to FOS by the immobilized FTase, increasing the overall purity of FOS to 92.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Josephine Dresler
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dennis Tissen
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Linxuan Wen
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Wang Y, Shen C, Huo K, Cai D, Zhao G. Antioxidant activity of yeast mannans and their growth-promoting effect on Lactobacillus strains. Food Funct 2021; 12:10423-10431. [PMID: 34596192 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Yeast mannans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (123.2 kDa, 40.5 kDa and 21.3 kDa) were prepared. The scavenging abilities of Fe2+, OH˙, and O2˙- and protective capacities against lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage increased with the reduction of the molecular weights of yeast mannans. The highest scavenging abilities of Fe2+, OH˙ and O2˙- (25.32%, 70.8%, and 61.5%) were observed with YM-90, and it showed an anti-lipid peroxidation capacity of 65.82%, which was much stronger than that of vitamin C (VC), with a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) inhibition rate of 80.41%. However, the highest DPPH scavenging rate (88.7%) was exhibited by YM-30. In addition, the growth-promoting effect of yeast mannans on Lactobacillus strains was further confirmed, and a 54.2% increment of Lactobacillus plantarum ZWR5 cell viability was achieved by YM-90. The results indicated the potential industrial applications of this yeast mannan technology in therapeutic and nutraceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
| | - Chongyu Shen
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
| | - Kai Huo
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Fermentation Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, PR China.
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18
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Supplementation of 1-Kestose Modulates the Gut Microbiota Composition to Ameliorate Glucose Metabolism in Obesity-Prone Hosts. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092983. [PMID: 34578862 PMCID: PMC8470827 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance leads to the onset of medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes, and its development is associated with the alteration in the gut microbiota. Although it has been demonstrated that supplementation with prebiotics modulates the gut microbiota, limited evidence is available for effects of prebiotics on insulin resistance, especially for humans. We investigated the prebiotic effect of 1-kestose supplementation on fasting insulin concentration in obesity-prone humans and rats. In the preliminary study using rats, the hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet was suppressed by intake of water with 2% (w/v) 1-kestose. In the clinical study using obese-prone volunteers, the fasting serum insulin level was significantly reduced from 6.5 µU/mL (95% CI, 5.5–7.6) to 5.3 (4.6–6.0) by the 12-week intervention with supplementation of 10 g 1-kestose/day, whereas it was not changed by the intervention with placebo (6.2 µU/mL (5.4–7.1) and 6.5 (5.5–7.6) before and after intervention, respectively). The relative abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium was significantly increased to 0.3244 (SD, 0.1526) in 1-kestose-supplemented participants compared to that in control participants (0.1971 (0.1158)). These results suggest that prebiotic intervention using 1–kestose may potentially ameliorate insulin resistance in overweight humans via the modulation of the gut microbiota. UMIN 000028824.
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19
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Leite AK, Santos BN, Fonteles TV, Rodrigues S. Cashew apple juice containing gluco-oligosaccharides, dextran, and tagatose promotes probiotic microbial growth. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Oligosaccharide Metabolism and Lipoteichoic Acid Production in Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus paragasseri. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081590. [PMID: 34442669 PMCID: PMC8401598 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus paragasseri are human commensal lactobacilli that are candidates for probiotic application. Knowledge of their oligosaccharide metabolic properties is valuable for synbiotic application. The present study characterized oligosaccharide metabolic systems and their impact on lipoteichoic acid (LTA) production in the two organisms, i.e., L. gasseri JCM 1131T and L. paragasseri JCM 11657. The two strains grew well in medium with glucose but poorly in medium with raffinose, and growth rates in medium with kestose differed between the strains. Oligosaccharide metabolism markedly influenced their LTA production, and apparent molecular size of LTA in electrophoresis recovered from cells cultured with glucose and kestose differed from that from cells cultured with raffinose in the strains. On the other hand, more than 15-fold more LTA was observed in the L. gasseri cells cultured with raffinose when compared with glucose or kestose after incubation for 15 h. Transcriptome analysis identified glycoside hydrolase family 32 enzyme as a potential kestose hydrolysis enzyme in the two strains. Transcriptomic levels of multiple genes in the dlt operon, involved in D-alanine substitution of LTA, were lower in cells cultured with raffinose than in those cultured with kestose or glucose. This suggested that the different sizes of LTA observed among the carbohydrates tested were partly due to different levels of alanylation of LTA. The present study indicates that available oligosaccharide has the impact on the LTA production of the industrially important lactobacilli, which might influence their probiotic properties.
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21
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Kido Y, Maeno S, Tanno H, Kichise Y, Shiwa Y, Endo A. Niche-specific adaptation of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from malt whisky and dairy fermentations. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000560. [PMID: 33900907 PMCID: PMC8208680 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus helveticus is a well characterized lactobacillus for dairy fermentations that is also found in malt whisky fermentations. The two environments contain considerable differences related to microbial growth, including the presence of different growth inhibitors and nutrients. The present study characterized L. helveticus strains originating from dairy fermentations (called milk strains hereafter) and malt whisky fermentations (called whisky strains hereafter) by in vitro phenotypic tests and comparative genomics. The whisky strains can tolerate ethanol more than the milk strains, whereas the milk strains can tolerate lysozyme and lactoferrin more than the whisky strains. Several plant-origin carbohydrates, including cellobiose, maltose, sucrose, fructooligosaccharide and salicin, were generally metabolized only by the whisky strains, whereas milk-derived carbohydrates, i.e. lactose and galactose, were metabolized only by the milk strains. Milk fermentation properties also distinguished the two groups. The general genomic characteristics, including genomic size, number of coding sequences and average nucleotide identity values, differentiated the two groups. The observed differences in carbohydrate metabolic properties between the two groups correlated with the presence of intact specific enzymes in glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH1, GH4, GH13, GH32 and GH65. Several GHs in the milk strains were inactive due to the presence of stop codon(s) in genes encoding the GHs, and the inactivation patterns of the genes encoding specific enzymes assigned to GH1 in the milk strains suggested a possible diversification manner of L. helveticus strains. The present study has demonstrated how L. helveticus strains have adapted to their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kido
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Yuko Kichise
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yuh Shiwa
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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22
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Fan R, Burghardt JP, Huang J, Xiong T, Czermak P. Purification of Crude Fructo-Oligosaccharide Preparations Using Probiotic Bacteria for the Selective Fermentation of Monosaccharide Byproducts. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620626. [PMID: 33584587 PMCID: PMC7874009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are microbes that promote health when consumed in sufficient amounts. They are present in many fermented foods or can be provided directly as supplements. Probiotics utilize non-digestible prebiotic oligosaccharides for growth in the intestinal tract, contributing to a healthy microbiome. The oligosaccharides favored by probiotics are species-dependent, as shown by the selective utilization of substrates in mixed sugar solutions such as crude fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). Enzymatically produced crude FOS preparations contain abundant monosaccharide byproducts, residual sucrose, and FOS varying in chain length. Here we investigated the metabolic profiles of four probiotic bacteria during the batch fermentation of crude FOS under controlled conditions. We found that Bacillus subtilis rapidly utilized most of the monosaccharides but little sucrose or FOS. We therefore tested the feasibility of a microbial fed-batch fermentation process for the purification of FOS from crude preparations, which increased the purity of FOS from 59.2 to 82.5% with a final concentration of 140 g·l-1. We also tested cell immobilization in alginate beads as a means to remove monosaccharides from crude FOS. This encapsulation concept establishes the basis for new synbiotic formulations that combine probiotic microbes and prebiotic oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Burghardt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jinqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Jana UK, Suryawanshi RK, Prajapati BP, Kango N. Prebiotic mannooligosaccharides: Synthesis, characterization and bioactive properties. Food Chem 2020; 342:128328. [PMID: 33257024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides are non-digestible food ingredients that confer numerous health benefits. Among these, mannooligosaccharides (MOS) are emerging prebiotics that have characteristic potential bio-active properties. Microbial mannanases can be used to break down mannan rich agro-residues to yield MOS. Various applications of MOS as health promoting functional food ingredient may open up newer opportunities in food and feed industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the widely preferred method over chemical hydrolysis for MOS production. Presently, commercial MOS is being derived from yeast cell wall mannan and is widely used as prebiotic in feed supplements for poultry and aquaculture. Apart from stimulating the growth of probiotic microflora, MOS impart anticancer and immunomodulatory effects by inducing different gene markers in colon cells. This review summarizes recent developments and future prospects of enzymatic synthesis of MOS from various mannans, their structural characteristics and their potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Suryawanshi
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003, India.
| | - Bhanu Pratap Prajapati
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003, India.
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003, India.
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Kumar Suryawanshi R, Kango N. Production of mannooligosaccharides from various mannans and evaluation of their prebiotic potential. Food Chem 2020; 334:127428. [PMID: 32688173 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus quadrilineatus endo-β-mannanase effectively degraded konjac glucomannan (66.09% w/v), copra meal (38.99% w/v) and locust bean galactomannan (20.94% w/v). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of KG hydrolysate indicated its mannooligosaccharides (MOS) content (656.38 mg/g) with high amounts of DP 5 oligosaccharide. Multi-scale characterization of mannan hydrolysate was done using FTIR and 13C NMR which revealed α and β form of galactose or glucose in MOS, respectively. CM and LBG hydrolysates (1 mg/mL) have shown cytotoxic effect and reduced cell viability of Caco-2 cells by 45% and 62%, respectively. MOS DP (1-4) derived from LBG supported better Lactobacilli biofilm formation as compared to KG hydrolysate containing high DP MOS (5-7). Lactobacilli effectively fermented MOS to generate acetate and propionate as main short chain fatty acids. Lactobacilli produced leucine, isoleucine and valine as branched chain amino acids when grown on LBG hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Suryawanshi
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.
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Shinohara M, Kiyosue M, Tochio T, Kimura S, Koga Y. Activation of butyrate-producing bacteria as well as bifidobacteria in the cat intestinal microbiota by the administration of 1-kestose, the smallest component of fructo-oligosaccharide. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:866-874. [PMID: 32389951 PMCID: PMC7399319 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1-kestose is a structural component of fructo-oligosaccharides and is composed of 2 fructose residues bound to sucrose through β2-1 bonds. In the present study, the influence of the ingestion of 1-kestose on the intestinal microbiota was investigated in cats. Six healthy cats were administered 1 g/day of 1-kestose for 8 weeks followed by a 2-week wash-out period. Fecal samples were collected from cats after 0, 4, 8, and 10 weeks. The intestinal microbiota was examined by a 16S rRNA gene metagenomic analysis and real-time PCR. Short-chain fatty acids were measured by GC/MS. The results suggested that the intestinal bacterial community structure in feline assigned to this study was divided into 2 types: one group mainly composed of the genus Lactobacillus (GA) and the other mainly composed of the genus Blautia with very few bacteria of Lactobacillus (GB). Furthermore, the number of Bifidobacterium slightly increased after the administration of 1-kestose (at 4 and 8 weeks) (P<0.1). The administration of 1-kestose also increased the abundance of Megasphaera, the butyric acid-producing bacteria, at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.1). Furthermore, an increase in butyric acid levels was observed after the administration of 1-kestose for 4 weeks (P<0.1). These results suggest that 1-kestose activated butyrate-producing bacteria as well as bifidobacteria and propose its potential as a new generation prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Nisshin Petfood Inc., Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Japanese Society for Probiotic Science, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
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Kyu MT, Dar B, Aye SS, Matsuda T. Prebiotic Oligosaccharides Prepared by Enzymatic Degradation of Dietary Fibers in Rice Grains. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:S143-S147. [PMID: 31619616 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rice are consumed mainly as polished rice grains. In the threshing and polishing processes of paddy rice, a considerable amount of husk and bran are separated as by-products. Rice bran is utilized for oil production, whereas rice husk as well as straw is not fully utilized. Defatted rice bran is rich in proteins and non-digestible polysaccharides, while husk and straw consist mainly of plant cell wall components, including cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Such non-digestible polysaccharides function in gastrointestinal lumen as dietary fiber, though physiological functions and their application are limited. Non-digestible oligosaccharides have recently been interested as prebiotics from a viewpoint of health benefit via utilization by intestinal microbiota. A diversity of non-digestible polysaccharides in rice bran and husk are good and ecological sources for production of both prebiotic and potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides. In this review, we summarize non-digestible polysaccharides constituting cell wall of rice grains including husk and degradation of the polysaccharides into oligo- and monosaccharides by microbial glycoside hydrolases. Prebiotic potential of such oligosaccharides derived from rice non-digestible polysaccharides are also introduced. Finally, our recent attempt for effective production of cello-oligosaccharides by regulated enzymatic degradation is briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Thin Kyu
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University.,Department of Botany, University of Yangon
| | - Bay Dar
- Department of Botany, University of Yangon
| | | | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
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Endo A, Hirano K, Ose R, Maeno S, Tochio T. Impact of kestose supplementation on the healthy adult microbiota in in vitro fecal batch cultures. Anaerobe 2020; 61:102076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nogacka AM, Salazar N, Arboleya S, Ruas-Madiedo P, Mancabelli L, Suarez A, Martinez-Faedo C, Ventura M, Tochio T, Hirano K, Endo A, G. de los Reyes-Gavilán C, Gueimonde M. In Vitro Evaluation of Different Prebiotics on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Morbid Obese and Normal-Weight Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E906. [PMID: 32019174 PMCID: PMC7038051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota remains relatively stable during adulthood; however, certain intrinsic and environmental factors can lead to microbiota dysbiosis. Its restoration towards a healthy condition using best-suited prebiotics requires previous development of in vitro models for evaluating their functionality. Herein, we carried out fecal cultures with microbiota from healthy normal-weight and morbid obese adults. Cultures were supplemented with different inulin-type fructans (1-kestose, Actilight, P95, Synergy1 and Inulin) and a galactooligosaccharide. Their impact on the gut microbiota was assessed by monitoring gas production and evaluating changes in the microbiota composition (qPCR and 16S rRNA gene profiling) and metabolic activity (gas chromatography). Additionally, the effect on the bifidobacterial species was assessed (ITS-sequencing). Moreover, the functionality of the microbiota before and after prebiotic-modulation was determined in an in vitro model of interaction with an intestinal cell line. In general, 1-kestose was the compound showing the largest effects. The modulation with prebiotics led to significant increases in the Bacteroides group and Faecalibacterium in obese subjects, whereas in normal-weight individuals, substantial rises in Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium were appreciated. Notably, the results obtained showed differences in the responses among the tested compounds but also among the studied human populations, indicating the need for developing population-specific products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M. Nogacka
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.S.); (S.A.); (P.R.-M.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.S.); (S.A.); (P.R.-M.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.S.); (S.A.); (P.R.-M.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.S.); (S.A.); (P.R.-M.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microorganisms, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (L.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Adolfo Suarez
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Digestive Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ceferino Martinez-Faedo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (L.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Takumi Tochio
- β-Food Sciences Co., Chita 478-0046, Japan; (T.T.); (K.H.)
| | | | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan;
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.S.); (S.A.); (P.R.-M.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.S.); (S.A.); (P.R.-M.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.); (M.G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
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Ide K, Shinohara M, Yamagishi S, Endo A, Nishifuji K, Tochio T. Kestose supplementation exerts bifidogenic effect within fecal microbiota and increases fecal butyrate concentration in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:1-8. [PMID: 31761826 PMCID: PMC6983673 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kestose, a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with one fructose monomer linked to sucrose, is a key component of the prebiotic activity of FOS. This study aimed to evaluate the prebiotic potential
of Kestose in terms of the impact on population change in the intestinal microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in dogs. Kestose 2 g per dog was administered daily
with conventional diet to 6 healthy, adult beagle dogs for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of follow-up period without Kestose supplementation. Fresh fecal samples were obtained before and every
4 weeks until the end of the follow-up period. Genomic DNA extracted from the fecal samples was subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis using next generation sequencer and to quantitative
polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate and ethanol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. 16S rRNA gene analysis and
qPCR showed increasing trend of genus Bifidobacterium after Kestose supplementation while genera Bacteroides and Sutterella decreased.
Clostridium perfringens decreased below the detection limit within first 4 weeks after starting Kestose supplementation. Fecal butyrate concentration was significantly
increased at week 8 and returned to the base level after 4 weeks of the washing period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal effect of Kestose on the populational
changes in fecal microbiota and fecal butyrate concentration in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ide
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mikako Shinohara
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamagishi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
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Tanno H, Fujii T, Ose R, Hirano K, Tochio T, Endo A. Characterization of fructooligosaccharide-degrading enzymes in human commensal Bifidobacterium longum and Anaerostipes caccae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:294-298. [PMID: 31420164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kestose and nystose are short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOSs) with degrees of polymerization of 3 and 4, respectively. A previous study revealed that these scFOSs have different growth stimulation properties against two human commensals, i.e. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and butyrogenic Anaerostipes caccae. The present study characterized genes involved in FOS metabolism in these organisms. A. caccae possesses a single gene cluster consisting of four genes, including a gene encoding the putative FOS degradation enzyme sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (S6PH). B. longum possesses two gene clusters consisting of three genes each, including genes encoding β-fructofuranosidase (CscA) and sucrose phosphorylase (ScrP). In A. caccae, the genes were highly transcribed in cells cultured with sucrose or kestose but poorly in cells cultured with glucose or nystose. Heterologously expressed S6PH degraded sucrose and kestose but not nystose. In B. longum, transcription of the genes was high in cells cultured with sucrose or kestose but was poor or not detected in cells cultured with glucose or nystose. Heterologously expressed CscA degraded sucrose, kestose and nystose, but ScrP degraded only sucrose. These data suggested that the different growth stimulation activities of kestose and nystose are due to different substrate specificities of FOS degradation enzymes in the organisms and/or induction activity of the genes in the two scFOSs. This is the first study characterizing the FOS metabolism at the transcriptional level and substrate-specificity of the degradation enzyme in butyrogenic human gut anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Fujii
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046, Aichi, Japan
| | - Riichi Ose
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hirano
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Jakobsen LMA, Sundekilde UK, Andersen HJ, Nielsen DS, Bertram HC. Lactose and Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides Synergistically Stimulate B. longum subsp. longum Growth in a Simplified Model of the Infant Gut Microbiome. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3086-3098. [PMID: 31264424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy Bifidobacterium-rich microbiome has led to a need for more knowledge on how different prebiotic carbohydrates specifically impact the infant microbiome, especially as a community instead of single bacterial targets. In this study, we combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics and molecular biology methods for quantification of bacteria to compare the prebiotic effect of bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) and synthetic galacto oligosaccharides (GOS) using mono- and cocultures of eight major bacteria related to a healthy infant microbiome. The results revealed that BMO treatments supported growth of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Parabacteroides distasonis, while at the same time growth of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli was inhibited. In addition, there was a synergistic effect of combining lactose and BMO in regards to reducing C. perfringens, maintaining stable numbers of P. distasonis and simultaneously increasing numbers of the beneficial B. longum subsp. longum. These results indicate that the oligosaccharide composition plays a vital role in shaping the developing microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M A Jakobsen
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
| | - Ulrik K Sundekilde
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
| | - Henrik J Andersen
- Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S , Sønderhøj 10 , Viby J 8260 , Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30 , Frederiksberg C 1958 , Denmark
| | - Hanne C Bertram
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
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Tochio T, Ueno Y, Kitaura Y, Shinohara M, Kadota Y, Minoda K, Shimomura Y, Osawa T. Feeding of 1-Kestose Induces Glutathione-S-Transferase Expression in Mouse Liver. Foods 2019; 8:foods8020069. [PMID: 30781821 PMCID: PMC6406667 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional food ingredients, including prebiotics, have been increasingly developed for human health. The improvement of the human intestinal environment is one of their main targets. Fructooligosaccarides (FOS) are oligosaccharide fructans that are well studied and commercialized prebiotics. 1-Kestose, one of the components of FOS, is considered to be a key prebiotic component in FOS. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been reported on the physiological efficacy of 1-Kestose regarding its anti-oxidative activity. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary 1-Kestose on gene expression of antioxidative enzymes in the liver, kidney and epididymal adipose tissue of mice by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). We demonstrated that a 1-Kestose-rich diet increased mRNA and enzymatic activity levels of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in mouse liver. These results suggest the possibility that dietary 1-Kestose as a prebiotic may enhance antioxidative activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tochio
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ueno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi 470-0195, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Mikako Shinohara
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kadota
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Kanako Minoda
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Osawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi 470-0195, Japan.
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Characterization and Prebiotic Potential of Longan Juice Obtained by Enzymatic Conversion of Constituent Sucrose into Fructo-Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102596. [PMID: 30309034 PMCID: PMC6222641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic potential of longan juice obtained by a commercial Viscozyme L for conversion of constituent sucrose to fructo-oligosaccharide was investigated. The physicochemical properties and carbohydrate composition of the longan juice was evaluated before and after enzymatic treatment. The stimulation effects of the treated longan juice on probiotic bacteria growth were also studied in vitro. The results showed that total soluble solids, yield and clarity of longan juice were all significantly improved after enzyme treatment. The water-soluble polysaccharide content, including pectin, was significantly increased. Compared with the natural longan pulp, the enzyme treated juice showed a significant decrease in sucrose content. Substantial fructo-oligosaccharides including 1-kestose and nystose were synthesized after enzyme treatment. The molecular weight distribution and the monosaccharide composition of the water-soluble polysaccharide were significantly changed by enzyme treatment. The treated longan juice and its ethanol-soluble sugar fraction promoted the growth of Streptococus thermophiles, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, showing a good potential of the treated longan juice for producing functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Fujii T, Tochio T, Hirano K, Tamura K, Tonozuka T. Rapid evaluation of 1-kestose producing β-fructofuranosidases from Aspergillus species and enhancement of 1-kestose production using a PgsA surface-display system. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1599-1605. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1480347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
1-Kestose is a key prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) sugar. Some β-fructofuranosidases (FFases) have high transfructosylation activity, which is useful for manufacturing FOS. Therefore, obtaining FFases that produce 1-kestose efficiently is important. Here, we established a rapid FFase evaluation method using Escherichia coli that display different FFases fused to a PgsA anchor protein from Bacillus subtilis. E. coli cell suspensions expressing the PgsA-FFase fusion efficiently produce FOS from sucrose. Using this screening technique, we found that the E. coli transformant expressing Aspergillus kawachii FFase (AkFFase) produced a larger amount of 1-kestose than those expressing FFases from A. oryzae and A. terreus. Saturation mutagenesis of AkFFase was performed, and the mutant G85W was obtained. The E. coli transformant expressing AkFFase G85W markedly increased production of 1-kestose. Our results indicate that the surface display technique using PgsA is useful for screening of FFases, and AkFFase G85W is likely to be suitable for 1-kestose production.
Abbreviations: AkFFase: Aspergillus kawachii FFase; AoFFase: Aspergillus oryzae FFase; AtFFase: Aspergillus terreus FFase; FFase: β-fructofuranosidase; FOS: fructooligosaccharide; fructosylnystose: 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Ose R, Hirano K, Maeno S, Nakagawa J, Salminen S, Tochio T, Endo A. The ability of human intestinal anaerobes to metabolize different oligosaccharides: Novel means for microbiota modulation? Anaerobe 2018; 51:110-119. [PMID: 29734011 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are known to have significant impacts on gut microbiota and are thus widely used to program healthy microbiota composition and activity from infants to the elderly. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are among the major target microorganisms of oligosaccharides, but the metabolic properties of oligosaccharides in other predominant gut microbes have not been well characterized. In the present study, we demonstrated the metabolic properties of six oligosaccharides in 31 key gut anaerobes. Bifidobacteria readily metabolized fructooligosaccharide (FOSs) with degree of polymerization (DP) 3, i.e. 1-kestose, but several strains used did not actively metabolize FOSs with DP4 and DP5, i.e. nystose and fructosylnystose. Akkermansia muciniphila, a potential new probiotic against obesity, did not show significant growth with any of the oligosaccharides tested. The butyrate producer Anaerostipes caccae grew well on 1-kestose but poorly on FOS mixtures, whereas it contained 1-kestose at 30%. Bacteroides-Parabacteroides group species were separated into two groups based on oligosaccharide metabolic properties. One group metabolized well most of the oligosaccharides tested, but the others metabolized only 1 or 2 selected oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharide profiles after culturing revealed that Bifidobacterium spp. preferentially metabolized shorter oligosaccharides (DP3) in the mixtures, whereas Bacteroides-Parabacteroides spp. did not show oligosaccharide selectivity for metabolism or rather preferred longer oligosaccharides (>DP4). The fermentation profiles indicated specific links between the microbial end-products and specific gut microbes. Available carbohydrates had a significant impact on the accumulation of amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites (i.e. phenol, p-cresol, indole and skatole) and short chain fatty acids. The results assist in predicting the impact of oligosaccharides in human intervention and gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichi Ose
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hirano
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046 Aichi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakagawa
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046 Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493 Hokkaido, Japan.
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Choi Y, Lee EC, Na Y, Lee SR. Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on laying performance, egg quality, and blood profile in laying hens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1654-1659. [PMID: 29642670 PMCID: PMC6127589 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on the laying performance, egg quality, relative organ weight, and blood profile of laying hens. Methods Hy-Line Brown chickens (n = 180; 70-week-old) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group (3 hens per cage, 4 cages per replicate), and fed with 5 experimental diets, namely the basal control diet (CON) or the control diet supplemented with 0.5% brown seaweed (BS), 0.5% seaweed fusiforme (SF), 0.5% fermented brown seaweed (FBS), or 0.5% fermented seaweed fusiforme (FSF), for 4 weeks. Results Egg production rate and egg mass were greater in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05), and the SF and FSF groups had greater egg production than the control group (p<0.05). Egg weight was higher in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05). There were no differences in eggshell color, egg yolk color, eggshell strength, or eggshell thickness among the groups. There was no difference in Haugh units among the treatment groups, except for the FSF group, which had a significantly lower value (p<0.05). The non-fermented groups had greater relative organ weights, particularly the liver and cecum, than the other groups (p<0.05). Regarding blood profile, the supplemented-diet groups had higher albumin levels than the control group (p<0.05). The FBS group had higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the other groups (p<0.05). The BS and FBS groups had higher glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that dietary brown algae supplementation can improve egg-laying performance; however, supplementation with fermented seaweeds had no positive effect on the egg-laying performance of hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youngjun Na
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang Rak Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Lu Y, Ishikawa H, Kwon Y, Hu F, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M. Real-Time Monitoring of Chemical Changes in Three Kinds of Fermented Milk Products during Fermentation Using Quantitative Difference Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1479-1487. [PMID: 29342350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermented milk products are rising in popularity throughout the world as a result of their health benefits, including improving digestion, normalizing the function of the immune system, and aiding in weight management. This study applies an in situ quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance method to monitor chemical changes in three kinds of fermented milk products, Bulgarian yogurt, Caspian Sea yogurt, and kefir, during fermentation. As a result, the concentration changes in nine organic compounds, α/β-lactose, α/β-galactose, lactic acid, citrate, ethanol, lecithin, and creatine, were monitored in real time. This revealed three distinct metabolic processes in the three fermented milk products. Moreover, pH changes were also determined by variations in the chemical shift of citric acid during the fermentation processes. These results can be applied to estimate microbial metabolism in various flora and help guide the fermentation and storage of various fermented milk products to improve their quality, which may directly influence human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yeondae Kwon
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fangyu Hu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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In vitro and in silico characterisation of Lactobacillus paraplantarum D2-1, a starter culture for soymilk fermentation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:857-869. [PMID: 29318897 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1422701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Soymilk contains several functional nutrients and is thus a promising ingredient for production of functional foods. The present research aimed to study starter properties, functional characteristics and safety of Lactobacillus paraplantarum D2-1, a promising starter culture for soymilk fermentation. Strain D2-1 actively fermented soymilk within 24 h but had weak activity of additional acid production after 7 d. Succinate and acetoin, which could be linked to flavour and taste, were accumulated in fermented soymilk. In vitro study revealed that the organism has several beneficial properties, including high survival ability in artificial gastric juice, high abilities of mucus adhesion and biofilm formation and production of γ-aminobutyric acid and conjugated linoleic acid, without any significant risks for consumption. Genome sequencing supported the desirable metabolic properties of the strain. These results indicate that L. paraplantarum D2-1 is a suitable starter for soymilk fermentation and is a promising probiotic candidate that can be used safely.
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C. K. Rajendran SR, Okolie CL, Udenigwe CC, Mason B. Structural features underlying prebiotic activity of conventional and potential prebiotic oligosaccharides in food and health. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subin R. C. K. Rajendran
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; Nova Scotia B2N5E3, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
| | - Chigozie Louis Okolie
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; Nova Scotia B2N5E3, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Beth Mason
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
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Srivastava PK, Panwar D, Prashanth KVH, Kapoor M. Structural Characterization and in Vitro Fermentation of β-Mannooligosaccharides Produced from Locust Bean Gum by GH-26 endo-β-1,4-Mannanase (ManB-1601). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2827-2838. [PMID: 28225615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography of β-mannooligosaccharides (β-MOS) mixtures, obtained from ManB-1601 hydrolysis of locust bean gum, resulted in separation of oligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization (DP 2, 3, and 5). The oligosaccharides were structurally [ESI-MS, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and NMR (1H and 13C)] and functionally (in vitro fermentation) characterized. DP2 oligosaccharide was composed of two species, (A) mannopyranose β-1,4 mannopyranose and (B) α-1,6-galactosyl-mannopyranose, while DP3 oligosaccharide showed the presence of only one species, i.e. α-d-galactosyl-β-d-mannobiose. ManB-1601 was capable of cleaving near the branch points in the substrate, resulting in oligosaccharides with galactose at the terminal position apart from attacking unsubstituted β-1,4-glycosidic linkages. DP2 and DP3 improved the growth of three out of seven species of Lactobacillus while DP5 resulted in poor growth of all Lactobacillus spp. under in vitro conditions. DP2, DP3, and DP5 were found to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepesh Panwar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru-570 020, India
| | - K V Harish Prashanth
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru-570 020, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru-570 020, India
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Tochio T, Kitaura Y, Nakamura S, Sugawa C, Takahashi M, Endo A, Shimomura Y. An Alteration in the Cecal Microbiota Composition by Feeding of 1-Kestose Results in a Marked Increase in the Cecal Butyrate Content in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166850. [PMID: 27861621 PMCID: PMC5115820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional food ingredients, including prebiotics, have been ardently developed for improving the intestinal environment. Fructooligosaccarides (FOS), including fructans, are the well researched and commercialized prebiotics. However, to our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the physiological effects of each component of FOS as prebiotics. 1-Kestose, a component of FOS, is composed of one glucose and two fructose molecules, and is considered as a key prebiotic component in short-chain FOS. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary 1-kestose using 0.5-5% 1-kestose diets on cecal microbiota composition and cecal contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactate in rats. The findings indicate that dietary 1-kestose induced cecal hypertrophy and alterations in the cecal microbiota composition, including a marked increase in the cell number of Bifidobacterium spp. These alterations were associated with significant increases in acetate and lactate, and a marked increase in butyrate in cecal contents. Furthermore, dietary 1-kestose induced a significant decrease in serum insulin concentration in rats fed 2.5-5% 1-kestose diet. These findings suggest a potential of 1-kestose to be a prebiotic for improving the metabolism of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Chie Sugawa
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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