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Bingöl H, Demirtaş Karaoba D. A Comparison of the Functioning and Disability Levels of Children With Hemiplegic and Diplegic Cerebral Palsy Based on ICF-CY Components. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:1145-1162. [PMID: 38736155 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241254130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
We compared children with hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) using the conceptual framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Child and Youth version (ICF-CY). We enrolled 42 children with CP aged 5 - 13 years old (M age = 9.57, SD = 2.8 years). We assessed their trunk control and dynamic balance with the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and we used ABILHAND-Kids and Assessment of Life Habits (Life-H) to assess their manual ability and participation with activities of daily living. We administered the European Child Environment Questionnaire (ECEQ) to identify relevant environmental factors. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify specific factors contributing to potential differences between these CP groups. Children with hemiplegic CP demonstrated significantly better outcomes in terms of trunk control, dynamic balance, and environmental factors compared to those with diplegic CP (p < .05). In contrast, children with diplegic CP demonstrated superior outcomes regarding manual ability, compared to those with hemiplegic CP (p < .001). In our structural equation models, trunk control strongly predicted both dynamic balance (0.75) and environmental factors (0.74). Moreover, the relationships between trunk control and participation in daily and social activities were 0.54 and 0.47, respectively. Impaired trunk control and dynamic balance were significant contributors to increased activity restrictions and environmental barriers in children with diplegic CP. This suggests that improving disability and functioning in children with diplegic CP requires a focus on trunk control training and dynamic balance exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bingöl
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School of Health Services, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Dilan Demirtaş Karaoba
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Seyhan-Bıyık K, Delioğlu K, Tunçdemir M, Üneş S, Özal C, Kerem-Günel M. Asymmetric involvement of hands: Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Bimanual Fine Motor Function 2.0 classification in children with cerebral palsy. J Hand Ther 2024; 37:429-437. [PMID: 37777439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manual functions affect more than a half of children with Cerebral palsy (CP). Asymmetric involvement of hands may also affect unilateral and bilateral activities of daily life. The Bimanual Fine Motor Function version 2.0 (BFMF-2.0) is a unique functional classification that categorizes the capacity of each hand (what the child can do) during bimanual functions. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BFMF-2.0 in children with CP. STUDY DESIGN Clinical measurement and cross-sectional study. METHODS The study included 91 children with CP (56 girls, mean age; 7.41 ± 4.23 years [4-18 years]) and their parents. The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST), and the Box and Block Test (BBT) were used for construct and concurrent validity. Experienced/inexperienced therapists and parents classified fine motor capacities of the children via live or video-based observation to assess inter-rater reliability. Three weeks later, the children were reclassified for intra-rater reliability. RESULTS The Turkish version of the BFMF-2.0 classification was strongly correlated with the MACS (rho = -0.88, p < 0.001), the QUEST (rho = 0.80, p < 0.001), and the BBT (rho = -0.77, p < 0.001). The inter-rater reliability scores were weak to excellent between the parents and the therapists (via live observation, κw = 0.57) and also between experienced/inexperienced therapists (via live or video-based observation, κw = 0.66-0.79). Intra-rater reliability scores were good to excellent (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] = 0.87-0.95). CONCLUSIONS The Turkish version of the BFMF-2.0 classification is valid and reliable and could be applied by experienced and inexperienced therapists via live or video-based observation and by parents via live observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Seyhan-Bıyık
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kıvanç Delioğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Tunçdemir
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefa Üneş
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Özal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem-Günel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
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Kemer SN, Serel-Arslan S. A comparative analysis of oropharyngeal functions in preterm and term children with cerebral palsy. Early Hum Dev 2024; 190:105964. [PMID: 38325005 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to compare term and preterm children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) in terms of their oropharyngeal functions. A total of 50 children with CP participated in the study, and were divided into two groups according to their birth history including preterm group (gestational age below 37 weeks; 60 % female; mean age = 6.86 ± 4.35 years) and term group (gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks; 60 % female; mean age = 6.48 ± 4.86 years). Chewing and swallowing functions were evaluated in terms of oropharyngeal functions. Chewing evaluation was performed by using the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS) and the Turkish version of the Mastication Observation and Evaluation Instrument (T-MOE). The pediatric version of the Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI-EAT-10) was used to evaluate swallowing performance of children. In addition, the Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) was used to assess feeding behaviors of children. There were significant differences between groups in terms of KCPS (p = 0.03), T-MOE (p = 0.01), and PEDI-EAT-10 scores (p = 0.04). There was a significant difference between groups in terms of the parental frequency score from the BPFAS (p = 0.04). Oropharyngeal functions of preterm children with CP were more adversely affected than term children with CP. Clinicians working with children with CP should be aware of the risks of preterm birth on oropharyngeal functions, and take precautions for oropharyngeal dysfunction in the early period in preterm children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Nur Kemer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkiye; Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Samsun, Turkiye.
| | - Selen Serel-Arslan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkiye
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Nishibu H, Ikeda Y, Inoue T, Himuro N. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Visual Function Classification System for children with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13175. [PMID: 37723844 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience visual dysfunction that affects motor function and activities of daily living, but no 'gold standard' classification of visual function has been established. In recent years, however, a valid and reliable Visual Function Classification System (VFCS) for children with CP has been developed. AIMS To examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the VFCS in individuals with CP. METHODS The translation of the VFCS was performed according to international standards for the translation of measurements. We conducted questionnaires of professionals (three physicians, eight physical therapists, five occupational therapists, six speech-language-hearing therapists and a certified orthoptist) regarding the content validity of the Japanese version of the VFCS. For reliability and concurrent validity, 148 individuals with CP were classified twice by professionals using the Japanese version of the VFCS, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS), with several weeks between each evaluation. RESULTS The content validity of the Japanese version of the VFCS almost met the criteria set. The percentage of positive and neutral opinions given by the professionals with regard to the four items ranged from 74% to 92%. The intra-rater reliability was 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.96) by Cohen's kappa and 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.96) by intraclass correlation coefficient. The inter-rater reliability was 0.67 (95% CI 0.56-0.78) by Cohen's kappa and 0.79 (95% CI 0.69-0.86) by intraclass correlation coefficient. The Spearman correlation coefficients between the VFCS and the GMFCS, MACS, CFCS and EDACS were 0.783, 0.764, 0.738, 0.738 and 0.830, respectively. The concurrent validity was confirmed by the correlations observed with other classification systems. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated good reliability and validity for the Japanese version of the VFCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Nishibu
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ikeda
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahito Inoue
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Himuro
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Erkek S, Çekmece Ç. Investigation of the Relationship between Sensory-Processing Skills and Motor Functions in Children with Cerebral Palsy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1723. [PMID: 38002814 PMCID: PMC10670370 DOI: 10.3390/children10111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sensory-processing skills and gross motor functions, bimanual motor functions, and balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A total of 47 patients between the ages of 3 and 10, diagnosed with CP, who received or applied for treatment in our physical therapy and rehabilitation unit were included in the study. Sensory profiling (SP), assisting hand assessment (AHA), the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), and the Pediatric Berg Balance Scale (PBBS) were used in the evaluation of the children with CP who participated in the study. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used to classify the children based on functional abilities and limitations, and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) was used to classify the children based on manual dexterity. The SP parameters were compared with AHA, GMFM-66, and PBBS results, and with GMFCS and MACS levels. Statistically significant relationships were found between AHA and SP, PBBS, and SP and between GMFM-66 and SP (p < 0.05). Our study shows that there are some disorders in sensory processing in children with CP. We think that sensory evaluations should be included in the CP rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Erkek
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yalova State Hospital, Baglarbası, Yalova 77100, Turkey;
| | - Çiğdem Çekmece
- Section of Occupational Therapy, Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School of Kocaeli Health Services, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Izmit 41380, Turkey
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Bingol H, Kerem Gunel M. Exploration of the relationship between functional motor and communication performance levels and amount of use of the more affected upper extremity based on the caregivers' perceptions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2023; 57:100784. [PMID: 36739683 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2023.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate relationships between amount of use of the more affected upper extremity and functional motor and communication performance classification systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 95 children with congenital hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) aged 6-15 years (52 males, 43 females; mean age 9.53, SD 3.1) and their parents/caregivers. The amount of use of the more affected upper extremity was assessed using Pediatric Motor Activity Log-Revised-How Often subscale (PMAL-R HO). Functional levels of the enrolled children were defined by the parents/caregivers using Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E&R), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS). RESULTS A strong and negative correlation was found between PMAL-R HO subscale score and MACS (r=-0.819), suggesting that children with lower MACS levels are more likely to use their more affected upper extremity spontaneously. Additionally, negative and moderate associations between PMAL-R HO subscale score and GMFCS and CFCS were revealed (r1=-0.549 and r2=-0.567). CONCLUSION The amount of use of the more affected upper extremity is more sensitive to MACS than GMFCS-E&R and CFCS. Children with a given MACS level had a wide range of PMAL-R HO subscale score. In addition to MACS, a score on the PMAL-R HO subscale related to the more affected upper extremity should be included as an inclusion criterion in clinical trials to avoid misleading effects of intervention approaches aimed at improving the amount of use of the more affected upper extremity in children with congenital hemiplegic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bingol
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School of Health Services, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey.
| | - M Kerem Gunel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Kerem-Günel M, Arslan UE, Seyhan-Bıyık K, Özal C, Numanoğlu-Akbaş A, Üneş S, Tunçdemir M, Çankaya Ö, Özcebe H, Green D. Evaluation of daily and social participation of children with Cerebral Palsy across different age groups with a focus on the 'F'-words: Function, family, fitness, fun, friends and future. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 140:104588. [PMID: 37562097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of disability differs across cultures. This study aimed to determine the predictors of participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Turkey, based on the six F-words. METHODS Cross-sectional study exploring participation profiles of 450 children with CP, aged between 2 and 18 years. Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) evaluated functional skills, and Assessment of Life Habits (LIFE-H) version 3.0 assessed daily and social participation. Hierarchical linear regression models were done to determine the predictors of participation in daily activities (PDA) and social roles (PSR) in three age groups (2-4, 5-13 and 14-18 years) based on the 6 F-words (mobility of PEDI for 'fitness'; four classification systems and self-care of PEDI for 'functioning'; social functions of PEDI for 'friends'; demographic information by parents for 'family'; the recreation of LIFE-H for 'fun'; and different stages of development for 'future'). RESULTS The most important predictors for total PDA by age group were: self-care (p = 0.012) of PEDI in 2-4 y; self-care (p = 0.001) and mobility (p = 0.005) of PEDI in 5-13 y; GMFCS (p = 0.006) and mobility (p = 0.002) of PEDI in 14-18 y. Significant predictors for PSR differed by age group: self-care (p = 0.001) of PEDI in 2-4 y; self-care (p = 0.023) and mobility (p = 0.006) of PEDI in 5-13 y; and GMFCS (p = 0.004) and MACS (p = 0.003) in 14-18 y. CONCLUSIONS Six F-words of function and fitness focussed on self-care in younger children with an increasing emphasis on mobility and ability levels according to age. Therefore, rehabilitation for different aspects of the functional levels is needed to improve participation in life across the six F-words framework; plus take into consideration context, age-differences, family's expectations, life requirements, environmental needs, and cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintaze Kerem-Günel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Umut Ece Arslan
- Department of Health Research, Institue of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Seyhan-Bıyık
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Özal
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Numanoğlu-Akbaş
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sefa Üneş
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Tunçdemir
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Çankaya
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hilal Özcebe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dido Green
- Department of Rehabilitation, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England, UK
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Seyhan-Biyik K, Esen-AydinlI F, Sel SA, Incebay Ö, Özcebe E, Kerem-Günel M, Anlar FB, Pennington L. Psychometric properties of the Viking Speech Scale-Turkish version for children with cerebral palsy aged 4-18 years based on live and video-based observation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 58:687-703. [PMID: 36426770 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speech is the most common method of communication. Video-based clinical communication evaluation is a requirement for children with speech-language impairments living in rural areas, and those who have limited mobility. AIMS To determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Viking Speech Scale (VSS-T) via live and video-based observation for children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 4-18 years. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 142 children (mean age 8.18 ± 3.98 years; 68 female) with CP were included in this study. Their motor, communication, visual and eating-drinking function levels and comorbidities (dental, swallowing, cognitive impairments and epilepsy) were recorded. The Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Social Function (PEDI-SF), and the Functional Independence Measure for Children-Communication (WeeFIM-C) were assessed to examine the concurrent validity of the VSS-T. The interrater reliability of the VSS-T was analysed between parents, physical therapists, and speech and language therapists from live and video-based observation. Intra-rater reliability was calculated from ratings made from live and video-based observations taken 3 weeks apart. OUTCOMES & RESULTS The VSS-T was strongly related to the ICS (r = -0.830), PEDI-SF (r = -0.819), WeeFIM-C (r = -0.643), other functional classifications (r > 0.432), and the comorbidities (Cramer's V > 0.284, p < 0.001). Good to excellent interrater reliability (κw ≥ 0.838) and intra-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.848-0.995) were found between parents and therapists. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Speech and language therapists, physical therapists, and parents can use the VSS-T as a valid and reliable classification system to describe speech intelligibility of 4-18-year-old children with CP. Both live and video-based observations can be used to administer the VSS-T. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject The English version of the VSS has been shown to be a valid and reliable tool used to classify the speech of children with CP aged 4-13 years. The scale can be administered by means of live observation of the child or based on clinicians' notes on the case by parents, SLTs, physiotherapists and paediatricians. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The VSS-T is valid and reliable for children with CP aged 4-18 years. Video-based observation is a suitable method for evaluating the VSS-T levels. The VSS-T has a moderate association with the CFCS. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The VSS-T is a valid and reliable method of categorizing the severity of motor speech impairment for Turkish children with CP in clinical research studies, registry systems or epidemiological studies. Both experienced and inexperienced therapists can use either live or video-based observation methods to administer the VSS-T. This study extended the validity and reliability of the scale in children with CP aged up to 18 years. The VSS-T is also associated with the Visual Functional Classification System (VFCS), which has been recently developed for describing the visual abilities of children with CP in daily life. In addition, the VSS-T is associated with the presence of dental, swallowing, cognitive problems and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Seyhan-Biyik
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Esen-AydinlI
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Asena Sel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Önal Incebay
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Özcebe
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem-Günel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Banu Anlar
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lindsay Pennington
- Population Health Sciences, Institute Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Akkaya KU, Bezgin S, Field D, Elbasan B. Turkish validity and reliability of the level of sitting scale in children with cerebral palsy. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:603-609. [PMID: 37476883 PMCID: PMC10387952 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Level of Sitting Scale (LSS) is a valid and reliable classification index that categorizes sitting ability. The aim of this study is to establish the Turkish validity and reliability of the LSS in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS In total, 165 children (75 girls and 90 boys) between the ages of 4 and 18 years who were diagnosed with CP were included in the study. All children were evaluated by two independent physiotherapists for the interrater reliability analysis of the LSS and were reevaluated 1 week later by the same physiotherapist for the intrarater reliability analysis. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used for validity analysis. RESULTS The intrarater reliability analyses of the LSS showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.999 (ICC 95% CI [0.999-1]),and the interrater reliability analyses showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.998 (ICC 95% CI [0.998-0.999]). A statistically significant, negative, and strong correlation was found between the GMFCS and the LSS (p < 0.001, r = -0.770). DISCUSSION The Turkish version of the LSS in children with CP is a valid and reliable scale. The Turkish LSS can be used by researchersand clinicians in research and to determine the sitting level of children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamile Uzun Akkaya
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabiha Bezgin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Debra Field
- Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bülent Elbasan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bingol H, Gunel MK, Asena Sel S, Burc E, Fidan H. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the KIDSCREEN-27 for Individuals With Cerebral Palsy. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:317-339. [PMID: 36318645 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221136947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Our aims in this study were to examine the construct/concurrent validity and internal/test-re-test reliabilities of both the self-report and parent-report questionnaires of a Turkish version of the KIDSCREEN-27 for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). We used a convenience sample of 135 children and adolescents with CP aged 8-18 years (65 males, 70 females; M age = 12.39, SD = 3.57) and their parents/caregivers (123 mothers, seven fathers, and five grandmothers). We explored structural construct validity via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Concurrent validity was examined via Spearman's correlations between the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaires and the self-report and primary caregiver report forms of the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life for Children (CP QOL-Child) and adolescents (CP QOL-Teen). We explored test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities utilizing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha (α), respectively. CFA goodness-of fit indices verified that the predefined model of the KIDSCREEN-27 was a good fit for data from the CP population (X2/df<5, GFI >0.90, AGFI >0.90, RMSEA<0.80). Results showed the subdomains of both KIDSCREEN-27 forms to be significantly correlated with the matched subdomains of the CP QOL-Child and CP QOL-Teen questionnaires (ranges of r = 0.62-0.94). Overall, α and ICC coefficients for all subdomains of both KIDSCREEN-27 versions were acceptable (α and ICC >0.70). Both versions of the KIDSCREEN-27 have satisfactory psychometric properties for use in evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in children and adolescents with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bingol
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School of Health Services, 162324Mus Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem Gunel
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Asena Sel
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Eda Burc
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Fidan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hou X, Qiu H, Liu L, Li Y, He L, Li J, Tang H, Xu K. Reliability and validity of the East Asian children's version of mini-MACS in children with cerebral palsy. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:997221. [DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.997221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS) was developed for children with cerebral palsy aged 1–4 years, but its validity and reliability in different cultures are unavailable yet. This study was to determine the reliability and validity of Mini-MACS in East Asian children with cerebral palsy and investigate the correlation between Mini-MACS and Gross Motor Function Classification System.MethodsOne hundred and four East Asian children with cerebral palsy aged 12–48 months were classified by one of their parents, an occupational therapist, and a physical therapist with Mini-MACS. The results were analyzed for inter-rater reliability by using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Nine-hole Peg Test was used for the criterion-related validity analysis, and parents retested their children after 2 weeks to evaluate test–retest reliability. Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were also collected to investigate the correlation with Mini-MACS.ResultsGood inter-rater reliability among the occupational therapist, physical therapist, and parents was found [ICC = 0.984 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.976–0.989), 0.973 (95% CI 0.960–0.982), and 0.966 (95% CI 0.950–0.977), respectively; p < 0.01]. The test–retest reliability in parents was almost perfect [ICC = 0.985 (95% CI 0.977–0.990), p < 0.01]. Mini-MACS had consistency with the Nine-hole Peg Test (r = 0.582, 0.581, and 0.566, respectively; p < 0.01). A correlation was found between Gross Motor Function Classification System and Mini-MACS (r = 0.626, 0.596, and 0.598, respectively; p < 0.01).ConclusionThe Mini-MACS demonstrates evidence that it is a valid and reliable tool to classify manual ability in East Asian children with cerebral palsy and is also positively related to the Gross Motor Function Classification System.
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Nishibu H, Seino TH, Himuro N. Psychometric evaluation and distribution of classification systems in children with cerebral palsy in Japan. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2022; 16:223-233. [PMID: 36373301 DOI: 10.3233/prm-210098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study sought to examine the content validity, the intra- and inter-rater reliability, and concurrent validity of the Japanese versions of the Manual Ability Classification System, the Communication Function Classification System, and the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System, and representation of the distribution of the levels of each classification systems in comparison to the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels for children with cerebral palsy. METHODS The Japanese versions were developed using the back-translation method. For content validity, professionals were asked to complete a questionnaire including items on the appropriateness of the translation, its validity, and distinctions among levels. For reliability, professionals used the three classification systems twice in children with cerebral palsy. For concurrent validity, relationships among the four classification systems were examined by correlation analyses. RESULTS Participants included twenty-one professionals and 290 children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 12 years two months, female: 132, male: 158). The content validity was generally good. For reliability, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the intraclass correlation coefficients was greater than 0.89, and the correlation coefficients were high. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed good reliability and validity of the functional classification systems in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Nishibu
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Hosokawa Seino
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tomakomai City Hospital, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Himuro
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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A cross-sectional study determining the relationship between eating and drinking skills and functional independence levels of patients with cerebral palsy. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: In cerebral palsy (CP), drinking/eating disorders are considered common. To evaluate these disorders, a very detailed and lengthy evaluation is required. Few tools are available to identify children who need to be evaluated. This study determined whether the functional independence level of children with CP is sufficient to predict their drinking/eating skills and to determine the relationship between this functional level and these skills.
Methods: A total of 105 children with CP aged 4–8 years participated in a cross-sectional study in our outpatient clinic. Functional classification was assigned using the Gross Motor Function Classification System and Manuel Ability Classification System (GMFCS and MACS, respectively). For a functional assessment of daily life, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was performed by asking a relative of the child. The Eating and Drinking Abilities Classification System (EDACS) level was added to the study after asking the caregivers of the patients for eating/drinking evaluations.
Results: According to the current results, we found a negative correlation between EDACS and PEDI scores. As the EDACS grade increased, the PEDI subscale and total scores decreased in a statistically significant manner (P < 0.001), while the GMFCS and MACS scale increased statistically (P < 0.001). As the PEDI subscale and total scores increased, the levels of GMFCS and MACS decreased statistically significantly (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The performances of children with CP in terms of activities of daily living are closely related to their performance in eating/drinking activities. If children are independent in their mobility, social functions, and daily self-care, they are also more independent in terms of eating/drinking.
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Kolit Z, Ekici G. Effect of the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) approach for children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2022; 16:59-70. [PMID: 36314226 DOI: 10.3233/prm-210085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to examine the effects of "Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance" (CO-OP) approach in terms of performance and satisfaction as well as functional status in children with cerebral palsy (CP) receiving neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and determine the parents' satisfaction level. METHODS Thirty-two children with CP were randomized to experimental (n = 16) or control (n = 16) groups, with n = 2 dropouts. Therapy was applied twice a week for five weeks. The experimental group received a CO-OP plus NDT, while the control group received only NDT. RESULTS No baseline differences existed, except for years of schooling, which was higher in the experimental group. After treatment, there were statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in occupational performance and function, favouring children who received 5-weeks of CO-OP plus NDT over NDT alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CO-OP is expected to be beneficial if incorporated into CP rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kolit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Ekici
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. The Greek Version of Mini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS): Translation and Reliability Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e30073. [PMID: 36381925 PMCID: PMC9639793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Mini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS) is an adaptation of the MACS for children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 1-4 years, which classifies children's performance to handle objects that are relevant to their age and development. The availability of a reliable Mini-MACS in Greek would allow for using it safely and properly in the clinical and research context of Greece. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate the original English version into Greek and examine its test-retest and interrater reliability. MATERIAL AND METHODS The English Mini-MACS was translated into Greek using the "forward-backward" method. Sixty-three children with CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-V, aged 12 -50 months were included in the reliability study. Test-retest and interrater reliability were assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The association between Mini-MACS and GMFCS level ratings was also assessed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient (ρ). RESULTS The translated version was easy to understand and use. The Greek Mini-MACS was found to have excellent test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.96) for both parents and therapists, good interrater reliability (ICC=0.89) between therapists and parents, and moderate-to-strong correlation with the GMFCS (ρ = 0.56-0.64, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The Greek Mini-MACS constitutes a user-friendly and reliable scale for use in the Greek population.
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Unes S, Tuncdemir M, Ozal C, Cankaya O, Seyhan Biyik K, Delioglu K, Gunbey C, Kerem Gunel M, Anlar B. Relationship among four functional classification systems and parent interpredicted intelligence level in children with different clinical types of cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil 2022; 25:410-416. [PMID: 35301928 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2051629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between four functional classification systems in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and parent-interpredicted intelligence level, and the functional status in clinical types of CP. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-five children with CP ages between 2 and 18 (mean age 6.5 ± 4.4) years included using the Surveillance of CP in Europe (SCPE) database in Turkey. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and Eating and Drinking Classification System (EDACS) levels were classified by clinical observation, and intelligence quotient (IQ) was determined by parent reports. RESULTS Correlations were found between all functional levels; the strongest were between GMFCS-MACS (r = 0.784, p < .001), CFCS-EDACS (r = 0.772, p < .001). Strong correlations were found for the IQ-CFCS (r = 0.762, p < .001) and IQ-EDACS (r = 0.634, p < .001). Correlations were stronger in children with bilateral CP and IQ level <70. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these four classification systems and reported IQ levels can adequately describe overall functioning for children with CP. Our results can guide clinicians in the rehabilitation of children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Unes
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Tuncdemir
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Ozal
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cankaya
- Departmant of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Kübra Seyhan Biyik
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanc Delioglu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gunbey
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem Gunel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Anlar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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The effects of the functional levels of children with cerebral palsy on the quality of life of caregivers. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Piscitelli D, Ferrarello F, Ugolini A, Verola S, Pellicciari L. Measurement properties of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded & Revised, Manual Ability Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System in cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:1251-1261. [PMID: 34028793 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review and meta-analyse the measurement properties of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded & Revised (GMFCS-E&R), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD Six databases were searched. Articles on the measurement properties of the GMFCS, GMFCS-E&R, MACS, and CFCS administered to children with CP were included. Quality was assessed by means of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist. The level and grading of evidence were defined for each measurement property. RESULTS Forty-four articles were included in the systematic review and 37 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The level (grading) of evidence was strong (positive) for reliability and construct validity. Content validity displayed an unknown level of evidence for the GMFCS, limited evidence (positive) for the MACS, and moderate evidence (positive) for the CFCS. There was moderate (positive) evidence for measurement error in the GMFCS and MACS. The level of evidence for responsiveness was unknown. No studies investigated cross-cultural validity. INTERPRETATION These instruments can be used by health care professionals and caregivers to quantify the constructs needed to measure ability in children with CP. Current high-quality evidence supports the use of these tools to classify ability in children with CP. Adopting the COSMIN guidelines, content, and cross-cultural validity should be investigated further. What this paper adds Strong evidence supports the reliability and construct validity of the GMFCS, GMFCS-E&R, MACS, and CFCS as functional classification systems in children with cerebral palsy. The GMFCS, GMFCS-E&R, MACS, and CFCS can be used by both health care professionals and caregivers. The GMFCS, GMFCS-E&R, MACS, and CFCS should not be used to detect change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piscitelli
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Sofia Verola
- Program in Physical Therapy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Dogruoz Karatekin B, Icagasioglu A. The effect of therapeutic instrumental music performance method on upper extremity functions in adolescent cerebral palsy. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1179-1189. [PMID: 33590470 PMCID: PMC7883946 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the improvement of upper extremity functions with piano training of adolescent cerebral palsy. Nine adolescent cerebral palsy patients admitted to the Pediatric Disability Clinic between 2018 and 2020 and 9 healthy adolescent volunteers as control group were included. Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance method was applied 2 days a week, 3 months in 40-min sessions. Before/after intervention, MACS, Box Block Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Jamar hand dynamometer and key pressing force of fingers were evaluated with Cubase MIDI program. Five of our patients included in the study were spastic hemiplegic and 4 were spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. All measurements made after intervention were found to be statistically significant compared to the measurements made before piano training (p < 0.05). The fingers that improved the most in the key pressing force of the fingers were found as the right hand 4th, left hand the 4th and 5th fingers (p < 0.01). A significant strong negative relationship was detected between the Box Block Test and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (p < 0.001). With therapeutic instrumental music performance method, functional gains can be achieved in the grip strength, strengths of the fingers, gross and fine motor skills of adolescent cerebral palsy patients. Further studies are needed to establish a piano training protocol in neurological music therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilinc Dogruoz Karatekin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Prof Dr Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Afitap Icagasioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Reliability and construct validity of the Turkish adaptation of the Assessment of Life Habits for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.943118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Günel MK, Seyhan K, Delioğlu K, Doğan TD, Altunalan T, Kala Y, Taub E, Uswatte G. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the pediatric motor activity log-revised (PMAL-R) for 2-17 year old children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:4047-4054. [PMID: 33625932 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1887375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Pediatric Upper-extremity Motor Activity Log-Revised (PMAL-R) is a structured interview that measures use of the more-affected arm in daily life in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study investigated the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a Turkish version of the PMAL-R. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PMAL-R was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Turkish and administered to parents of eighty children with hemiplegic CP between 2-17 years. Its concurrent validity was examined by correlating scores on the PMAL-R How Well and How Often scales with ABILHAND-Kids scores. Fifty parents were re-interviewed after three weeks to establish test-retest reliability. RESULTS PMAL-R scores were strongly correlated with ABILHAND-Kids scores (How Well scale, r = 0.78, p < 0.001; How Often scale, r = 0.59, p < 0.001). PMAL-R test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation; How Often = 0.98, How Well = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α; How Often = 0.96, How Well = 0.97) were high. CONCLUSIONS This translation of the PMAL-R has good reliability and validity for measuring everyday use of the more-affected arm in Turkish children with hemiparesis due to CP between 2-17 years. Implications for rehabilitationAn instrument that evaluates real-world arm use in Turkish children with CP.Reliability and concurrent validity of the Turkish PMAL-R is established in 2-17-year old with upper-extremity hemiparesis.Systematic replication of the clinimetric properties of the English PMAL-R is demonstrated in a wider age range than previously, 2-17 years vs. 2-8 years.Reliability and concurrent validity of the PMAL-R is shown in both children with right and left hemiparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintaze Kerem Günel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Seyhan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Delioğlu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Yasemin Kala
- Spastic Children's Foundation of Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edward Taub
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gitendra Uswatte
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the ABILHAND-Kids Survey in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 66:444-451. [PMID: 33364565 PMCID: PMC7756822 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2020.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the present study is to develop a Turkish version of the ABILHAND-Kids Survey, which evaluates upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to carry out a validity and reliability study of the survey for Turkish CP patients. Materials and methods
Between November 2016 and March 2017, a total of 109 pediatric CP patients (62 males, 47 females; mean age 9.3±2.9 years; range, 6 to 15 years) followed in our outpatient clinic were included. The demographic characteristics and type of CP of the patients were recorded. A functional evaluation was made using the ABILHAND-Kids and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) surveys. The reliability of the surveys was tested based on internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) methods. The validity of the approach was evaluated using converted scores from an ABILHAND-Kids Rasch analysis and a correlation of the MACS levels.
Results
The ICC value for the test/retest reliability was 0.98 and internal consistency was 0.94. A strong negative correlation was found between the Turkish version of the ABILHAND-Kids and MACS surveys (r=-0.849; p<0.001). A Rasch analysis indicated good item fit, unidimensionality, and model fit.
Conclusion
The Turkish version of the ABILHAND-Kids survey is a reliable and valid scale for the assessment of manual ability in Turkish children with CP.
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Çankaya Ö, Kerem Günel M, Özdemir P. Construct-concurrent validity and reliability of the European Child Environment Questionnaire (ECEQ) in a sample of Turkish children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:2104-2112. [PMID: 32988240 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1822930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the construct-concurrent validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the European Child Environment Questionnaire (ECEQ-T) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Mean age 9.53 ± 4.45 years 306 children with CP and their parents participated in the study. While construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity was investigated using the correlation between ECEQ-T and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) with Spearman's correlation analysis. For test-retest reliability, ECEQ-T was administered twice to 65 parents with an interval of two weeks. Cronbach's alpha (α) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used for reliability. RESULTS Construct validity (RMSEA > 0.080; GFI ≥ 0.90) and concurrent validity (r: -0.533 to -0.293; p < 0.05) were confirmed as acceptable. Eight items were dropped out as they did not fit the model and finally ECEQ-T contains 54 items in three domains. High Cronbach's α and ICC values were found (Cronbach αPE: 0.960/ICCPE: 0.959, Cronbach αSS: 0.955/ICCSS: 0.954), Cronbach αA: 0.822/ICCA: 0.802, Cronbach αT: 0.957/ICCT: 0.955). CONCLUSION ECEQ-T has demonstrated good psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess environmental factors. We believe that ECEQ-T is a useful and detailed questionnaire to determine barriers-facilitators for increasing activity and participation in Turkish children with CP.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Turkish version of ECEQ has acceptable construct validity and moderate concurrent validity for evaluating environmental factors in children with cerebral palsy.The Turkish version of ECEQ provides valuable information, which could be helpful to guide public health services and government policies in order to optimize the participation of children with CP.Environmental factors may play an important role in activity and participation in children with cerebral palsy. Turkish version of the ECEQ can be used for evaluating the environmental factors to determine barriers of activity and participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Çankaya
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cerebral Palsy and Pediatric Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem Günel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cerebral Palsy and Pediatric Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Özdemir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kara OK, Yardımcı BN, Livanelioglu A, Soylu AR. Examination of touch-coordinate errors of adolescents with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy at an aiming-tapping task. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2020; 33:81-89. [PMID: 31033458 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate performance (touch-coordinate errors, inter-touch interval) of touch screen technology in adolescents with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) and healthy peers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective case-control study included 31 adolescents. The participants consisted of 15 adolescents with CP in the USCP group and 16 age-matched healthy peers in the control group. All participants performed an aiming-tapping task with an Android tablet. Four sessions were randomly applied: visual feedback (VF) and no VF with the dominant hand's index finger (DHF), and VF and no VF with the non-dominant hand's index finger (NDHF). Inter-touch interval (ITI) and touch-coordinate errors (TCE) were calculated. RESULTS There were significant differences between the groups for VF and no VF-NDHF TCE and ITI (respectively p= 0.001, p= 0.01, p= 0.001, p= 0.004) and VF and no VF-DHF TCE values (respectively p= 0.01, p= 0.008). When comparing the dominant and non-dominant hand in the USCP group, there was a significant difference on TCE with no VF (p= 0.01). CONCLUSION This study provided insight into the touch screen performance of adolescents with USCP, who performed an aiming-tapping task with a tablet. Results showed that both affected and unaffected hand performance of touch screen tasks was impaired in adolescents with USCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Kaya Kara
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Nur Yardımcı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Livanelioglu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ruhi Soylu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey
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Yildiz A, Yildiz R, Celik HI, Manzak OF, Elbasan B. Construct and discriminative validity and reliability of the Selective Control of the Upper Extremity Scale (SCUES) in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Physiother Theory Pract 2020; 38:919-927. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1805832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yildiz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Celik
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Manzak
- Defne Duru Special Education and Rehabilitation Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Elbasan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yığman F, Aykın Yığman Z, Ünlü Akyüz E. Investigation of the relationship between disease severity, caregiver burden and emotional expression in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1413-1419. [PMID: 32185751 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the physical problems of children with CP and caregiving burden and the emotional expression characteristics of caregivers. METHODS The study included 144 caregivers of child with cerebral palsy and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Expressed Emotion Scale (EES) will be applied to the caregivers who will participate in the study. Disease severity of children with cerebral palsy will be evaluated by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) in children with cerebral palsy. Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) will be used to examine the communication of children with their families. RESULTS Accordingly, a positive, statistically significant, moderate correlation was found between the GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS scores and ZBI scores in patients with cerebral palsy (r ~ 0.50; p < 0.01). In this study, a positive, statistically significant but weak correlation was found between GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS scores and EES scores in patients with cerebral palsy (r ~ 0.30; p < 0.01). A statistically significant, moderate correlation was found between ZBI and EES (r ~ 0.50; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION According to the results of our study, as motor skills and communication skills decrease, especially the burden of caregivers increases and the family's emotional expression processes are related to these variables. We think that in the long-term follow-up of children with CP, it may be useful to provide appropriate psychiatric support by evaluating caregivers appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yığman
- Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Research and Training Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Aykın Yığman
- Polatlı Duatepe State Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Ünlü Akyüz
- Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Research and Training Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Riyahi A, Rassafiani M, Nobakht Z, Abdolrazaghi H, Moradzadeh R. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2017.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/AimsThe ability to eat and drink is the most important factor in health, survival and longevity. Children with cerebral palsy can suffer from severe dysphagia, which can lead to a high risk of aspiration and choking. As classifying eating and drinking ability in children with cerebral palsy is important in research and treatment, the aim of this study was to determine the cross-cultural validation and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System.MethodsAfter translation procedures, the face validity, content validity, test–retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System were evaluated. In total, 130 parents of children with cerebral palsy and 34 therapists participated in the evaluation of the scale's reliability. The 73 boys and 57 girls with cerebral palsy were aged 3–20 years (mean age 4.4 years) and had various types of cerebral palsy. They were classified according to the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System by both their parents and the therapists.ResultsThe overall results indicated that the words and sentences used were simple, clear, understandable, relevant and necessary. The intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability for parents, occupational therapists and speech therapists were 0.98, 0.98 and 0.995, respectively. The interrater reliability between parents and occupational therapists was 0.96, between parents and speech therapists was 0.95, and between occupational therapists and speech therapists was 0.985.ConclusionsThe Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System seems to be valid and reliable. This system may be used to evaluate children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Riyahi
- Instructor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rassafiani
- Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Zahra Nobakht
- Assistant Professor, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosseinali Abdolrazaghi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahmatollah Moradzadeh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Piscitelli D, Vercelli S, Meroni R, Zagnoni G, Pellicciari L. Reliability of the gross motor function classification system and the manual ability classification system in children with cerebral palsy in Tanzania. Dev Neurorehabil 2019; 22:80-86. [PMID: 28692325 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2017.1342710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) are broadly studied in high-income countries, but data concerning their functioning are lacking in developing countries. Therefore, we analyzed their reliability and sensitivity to change in children with cerebral palsy in Tanzania. METHODS GMFCS and MACS are two ordinal grading systems used to assess motor functions while observing children's performances. Forty-nine children were classified by two independent physiotherapy students at baseline, after one month and after one year. Reliability and sensitivity to change were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), effect size (ES), standard response mean (SRM), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). RESULTS Inter- (ICC = 0.97/0.95 for GMFCS/MACS) and intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.98/0.96 GMFCS/MACS) were excellent. Sensitivity to change was small (ES = -0.14/0.11, SRM = -0.24;/0.24 GMFCS/MACS). SEM was 0.2 points, resulting in MDC = 0.5/0.7 for GMFCS/MACS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS GMFCS and MACS demonstrated excellent reliability, but not sensitivity to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piscitelli
- a PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca , Monza , Italy.,b Nyumba Ali Organization , Bologna , Italy
| | - Stefano Vercelli
- c Laboratory of Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders Assessment, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Salvatore Maugeri Foundation - IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno , Novara , Italy
| | - Roberto Meroni
- d School of Medicine and Surgery, Program in Physical Therapy , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy
| | - Giulia Zagnoni
- b Nyumba Ali Organization , Bologna , Italy.,e School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Leonardo Pellicciari
- f PhD Program in Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine , Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Sanal-Top C, Karadag-Saygi E, Saçaklıdır R, Duruöz MT. Duruöz Hand Index: Is it valid and reliable in children with unilateral cerebral palsy? Dev Neurorehabil 2019; 22:75-79. [PMID: 28604242 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2017.1326536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the validity and reliability of the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) in patients with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Assessments of patients (n = 23) were performed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), the grip and pinch strength tests, and DHI. Following the data collection, retest of DHI was administered telephonically within a 2-week period. RESULTS Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of DHI were found to be excellent with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.93 and an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.94. The correlation between the DHI and MACS was detected significantly high (r = 0.840, p = < 0.010). The DHI also correlated with grip and pinch strength in the affected side (r = -0.459, p = < 0.050; r = -0.509, p = < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS DHI is a valid and reliable questionnaire for patients with unilateral CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Sanal-Top
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Horasan State Hospital , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Evrim Karadag-Saygi
- b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Marmara University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Rekib Saçaklıdır
- b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Marmara University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuncay Duruöz
- b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Marmara University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
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Palisano RJ, Avery L, Gorter JW, Galuppi B, McCoy SW. Stability of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:1026-1032. [PMID: 29726578 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the stability of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) over 1-year and 2-year intervals using a process for consensus classification between parents and therapists. METHOD Participants were 664 children with cerebral palsy (CP), 18 months to 12 years of age, one of their parents, and 90 therapists. Consensus between parents and therapists on level of function was ≥92% for the GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS. A linearly weighted kappa coefficient of ≥0.75 was the criterion for stability. RESULTS Kappa coefficients varied from 0.76 to 0.88 for the GMFCS, 0.59 to 0.73 for the MACS, and 0.57 to 0.77 for the CFCS. For children younger than 4 years of age, level of function did not change for 58.2% on the GMFCS, 30.3% on the MACS, and 39.3% on the CFCS. For children 4 years of age or older, level of function did not change for 72.3% on the GMFCS, 49.1% on the MACS, and 55% on the CFCS. INTERPRETATION The findings support repeated classification of children over time. The kappa coefficients for the GMFCS are attributed to descriptions of levels for each age band. Consensus classification facilitates discussion between parents and professionals that has implications for shared decision-making. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS The findings support repeated classification of children over time. Stability was higher for the Gross Motor Function Classification System than the Manual Ability Classification System and Communication Function Classification System. The function of younger children was more likely to be reclassified. Percentage agreement between parents and therapists using consensus classification varied from 92% to 97%. The intraclass correlation coefficient overestimated stability compared with the weighted kappa coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Palisano
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Avery Information Services, Orillia, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Avery
- Avery Information Services, Orillia, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- Avery Information Services, Orillia, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Westcott McCoy
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Mutlu A, Kara ÖK, Livanelioğlu A, Karahan S, Alkan H, Yardımcı BN, Hidecker MJC. Agreement between parents and clinicians on the communication function levels and relationship of classification systems of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Health J 2018; 11:281-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Vitamin D status of children with cerebral palsy: Should vitamin D levels be checked in children with cerebral palsy? North Clin Istanb 2018; 5:341-347. [PMID: 30860516 PMCID: PMC6387587 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2017.09581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status of children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: A total of 274 children (111 females and 163 males), aged between 1 and 19 years with CP, who came to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pediatric Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic between October 2013 and March 2017, were included in our study. Demographics, data concerning the details of each child’s comorbidity, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) scores were recorded. The serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and parathormone (PTH) levels were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of children with CP was 7.59±6.09 years. The distribution by the CP type was 24.8% spastic unilateral, 59.8% spastic bilateral, 1.4% dyskinetic, 0.7% ataxic, 7.6% mixed, and 5.1% unclassified. The serum 25(OH)D levels of the 235 children with CP were measured. There were 79 children at the 25(OH)D level ≤12 ng/ml, regarded as vitamin D deficiency; 62 children at the 25(OH)D level 12-≤20 ng/ml, considered as vitamin D insufficiency, 43 children at the 25(OH)D level 20-≤30 ng/ml, considered as vitamin D sufficiency, and 15 children at the 25(OH)D level >30 ng/ml. A total of 36 children were already taking vitamin D supplements. There was a significant correlation between the 25(OH)D levels and GMFCS and MACS levels and associated impairments such as the epilepsy history, intellectual delay, teeth problems, and growth retardation (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that the children with CP who are not ambulatory (GMFCS levels IV–V) and have associated impairments were prone to vitamin D deficiency, and thus should be checked for vitamin D.
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Upper Extremity Impairments and Activities in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.7711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mutlu A, Büğüşan S, Kara ÖK. Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health model in children with ambulatory cerebral palsy. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:176-185. [PMID: 28133691 PMCID: PMC5329630 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.2.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions in children with spastic unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy (CP). We investigated the relationship between these factors according to the international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) model. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study included 60 children aged between 4-18 years with spastic CP (30 unilateral, 30 bilateral involvement) classified as Levels I and II on the gross motor function classification system. Children had been referred to the Pediatric Rehabilitation Unit in the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey between March 2014 and March 2015. The Physician Rating scale was used to assess body functions and structures. The Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire 22-item skill set, Pediatric Functional Independence Measure, and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument were used to assess activity and participation levels. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between impairments and activity limitations (r=0.558; p=0.000), as well as between activity limitations and participation restrictions (r=0.354, p=0.005). Conclusion: These results show that activity limitations in children with unilateral and bilateral ambulatory CP may be related to their impairments and participation restrictions, although the sample size of our study is not large enough for generalizations. Overall, our study highlights the need for up-to-date, practical evaluation methods according to the ICF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmer Mutlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail.
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Eliasson AC, Ullenhag A, Wahlström U, Krumlinde-Sundholm L. Mini-MACS: development of the Manual Ability Classification System for children younger than 4 years of age with signs of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59:72-78. [PMID: 27273427 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop the Mini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS) and to evaluate the extent to which its ratings are valid and reliable when children younger than 4 years are rated by their parents and therapists. METHOD The Mini-MACS was created by making adjustments to the MACS. The development involved a pilot project, consensus discussions within an expert group, and the creation of a test version of the Mini-MACS that was evaluated for content validity and interrater reliability. A convenience sample of 61 children with signs of cerebral palsy aged 12 to 51 months (mean age 30.2mo [SD 10.1]) were classified by one parent and two occupational therapists across a total of 64 assessments. Agreement between the parents' and therapists' ratings was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the percentage of agreement. RESULTS The first sentence of the five levels in the MACS was kept, but other descriptions within the Mini-MACS were adjusted to be more relevant for the younger age group. The ICC between parents and therapists was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.92), and for the two therapists it was 0.97 (95% CI 0.78-0.92). Most parents and therapists found the descriptions in the Mini-MACS suitable and easy to understand. INTERPRETATION The Mini-MACS seems applicable for children from 1 to 4 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Eliasson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ullenhag
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Wahlström
- Children and Youth's Habilitation Centre, Linköping, Sweden
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Mutlu A, Pistav-Akmese P, Yardımcı BN, Ogretmen T. What do the relationships between functional classification systems of children with cerebral palsy tell us? J Phys Ther Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akmer Mutlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Pelin Pistav-Akmese
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Ege University: Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Bilge Nur Yardımcı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Ogretmen
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ege University, Turkey
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Alemdaroğlu E, Özbudak SD, Mandiroğlu S, Biçer SA, Özgirgin N, Uçan H. Predictive Factors for Inpatient Falls among Children with Cerebral Palsy. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 32:25-31. [PMID: 27633845 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inpatient falls are of significant concern. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the predictors of inpatient falls among children with cerebral palsy in a rehabilitation hospital. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 93 patients with cerebral palsy were assessed based on history, physical findings, the Selective Motor Control Test, the Gross Motor Functional Classification System, the Berg Balance Scale and the Manual Ability Classification System. Previous history of falls/frequent falls, and any falls which occurred during hospitalization, were recorded. RESULTS Of all 93 patients, 25 (27%) fell and 68 (73%) did not fall. The mean age of the fallers (6.3±2.0 years) was lower than that of the non-fallers (8.1±3.9 years). Behavioral problems according to the mother's statement (OR 26.454), not being able to maintain a long sitting position (OR 10.807), ability to balance on knees without support (OR 9.810), a history of frequent falls (OR 4.893) and a negative Thomas test (OR 4.192 fold) were found to increase the risk of inpatient falls. CONCLUSIONS In these children with cerebral palsy, behavioral problems according to the mother's statement, a history of frequent falls, not being able to maintain a long sitting position, a negative Thomas test, and able to balance on knees without support were associated with the risk of inpatient falls. Children with cerebral palsy may experience inpatient falls. Further studies are required in order to develop prevention programs. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS For patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy, these results may help identify possible inpatient fallers on hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Alemdaroğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara (Alemdaroğlu, Özbudak Demir, Mandıroğlu, Alakoç, Girgin, Uçan), Turkey
| | - Sibel Demir Özbudak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara (Alemdaroğlu, Özbudak Demir, Mandıroğlu, Alakoç, Girgin, Uçan), Turkey.
| | - Sibel Mandiroğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara (Alemdaroğlu, Özbudak Demir, Mandıroğlu, Alakoç, Girgin, Uçan), Turkey
| | - Seda Alakoç Biçer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara (Alemdaroğlu, Özbudak Demir, Mandıroğlu, Alakoç, Girgin, Uçan), Turkey
| | - Neşe Özgirgin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara (Alemdaroğlu, Özbudak Demir, Mandıroğlu, Alakoç, Girgin, Uçan), Turkey
| | - Halil Uçan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara (Alemdaroğlu, Özbudak Demir, Mandıroğlu, Alakoç, Girgin, Uçan), Turkey
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Mutlu A, Pistav-Akmese P, Yardımcı BN, Ogretmen T. What do the relationships between functional classification systems of children with cerebral palsy tell us? J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:3493-3498. [PMID: 28174481 PMCID: PMC5276790 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To examine the distribution of and relationship between the Gross Motor
Function, Manual Ability, and Communication Function Classification Systems in different
limbs of children with spastic cerebral palsy. We also investigated whether the four
predicting variables of gender, age, manual ability, and gross motor classifications could
significantly predict effective and non-effective communicator groups in communication
function. [Subjects and Methods] This retrospective cross-sectional study included 327
children with a mean age of 10.13 ± 4.09 years. Classifications were performed by an
experienced pediatric physiotherapist. [Results] Gross motor function levels showed a
strong correlation with manual ability levels (rs=0.78). Manual ability level
was strongly correlated with communication function levels (rs=0.73),
particularly in quadriplegic children (rs=0.78). Gross motor function levels
were moderately correlated with communication function levels (rs=0.71).
Effective communicators in communication function showed more functional levels of manual
ability and were determined by Gross Motor Function classifications. The variables were
better at predicting ineffective communicators (91% correct) compared with effective
communicators (85% correct). [Conclusion] Further studies are needed to relate these
functional performance systems to the activity and participation levels as well as the
quality of life, desires, and participation of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmer Mutlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Pelin Pistav-Akmese
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Bilge Nur Yardımcı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Ogretmen
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ege University, Turkey
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Atasavun Uysal S, Baltaci G. Effects of Nintendo Wii™Training on Occupational Performance, Balance, and Daily Living Activities in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Blind and Randomized Trial. Games Health J 2016; 5:311-317. [DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2015.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Songül Atasavun Uysal
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gül Baltaci
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Private Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Gerber CN, Labruyère R, van Hedel HJA. Reliability and Responsiveness of Upper Limb Motor Assessments for Children With Central Neuromotor Disorders. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2015; 30:19-39. [PMID: 25921350 DOI: 10.1177/1545968315583723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background. To investigate the effectiveness of upper limb rehabilitation, sound measures of upper limb function, capacity, and performance are paramount. Objectives. This systematic review investigates reliability and responsiveness of upper limb measurement tools used in pediatric neurorehabilitation. Methods. A 2-tiered search was conducted up to July 2014. The first search identified upper limb motor assessments for 1- to 18-year-old children with neuromotor disorders. The second search examined the psychometric properties of the tools. Methodological quality was rated according to COSMIN guidelines, and results for each tool were assembled in a “best evidence synthesis.” Furthermore, we delineated whether tools were unimanual or bimanual tests and if they measured recovery or did not distinguish between physiological and compensatory movements. Results. The first search delivered 2546 hits. Of these, 110 articles on 51 upper limb assessment tools were included. The second search resulted in 58 studies on reliability, 11 on measurement error, and 10 on responsiveness. Best evidence synthesis revealed only 2 assessments with moderate positive evidence for reliability, whereas no evidence on measurement error and responsiveness was found. The Melbourne Assessment showed moderate positive evidence for interrater and a fair positive level of evidence for intrarater reliability. The Pediatric Motor Activity Log Revised revealed moderate positive evidence for test–retest reliability. Conclusions. There is a lack of high-quality studies about psychometric properties of upper limb measurement tools in children with neuromotor disorders. To date, upper limb rehabilitation trials in children and adolescents risk being biased by insensitive measurement tools lacking reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna N. Gerber
- Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rob Labruyère
- Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus J. A. van Hedel
- Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Silva DBR, Funayama CAR, Pfeifer LI. Manual Ability Classification System (MACS): reliability between therapists and parents in Brazil. Braz J Phys Ther 2015; 19:26-33. [PMID: 25651133 PMCID: PMC4351605 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) has been widely used to describe
the manual ability of children with cerebral palsy (CP); however its reliability
has not been verified in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To establish the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Portuguese-Brazil
version of the MACS by comparing the classifications given by therapists and
parents of children with CP. METHOD: Data were obtained from 90 children with CP between the ages of 4 and 18 years,
who were treated at the neurology and rehabilitation clinics of a Brazilian
hospital. Therapists (an occupational therapist and a student) classified manual
ability (MACS) through direct observation and information provided by parents.
Therapists and parents used the Portuguese-Brazil version of the MACS. Intra- and
inter-rater reliability was obtained using unweighted Kappa coefficient (k) and
intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The Chi-square test was used to
identify the predominance of disagreements in the classification of parents and
therapists. RESULTS: An almost perfect agreement resulted among therapists [K=0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.97);
ICC=0.97 (95%CI 0.96-0.98)], as well as with intra-rater (therapists), with Kappa
ranging between 0.83 and 0.95 and ICC between 0.96 and 0.99 for the evaluator with
more and less experience in rehabilitation, respectively. The agreement between
therapists and parents was fair [K=0.36 (95% CI 0.22-0.50); ICC=0.79 (95% CI
0.70-0.86)]. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese version of the MACS is a reliable instrument to be used jointly by
parents and therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela B R Silva
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina A R Funayama
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, FMRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luzia I Pfeifer
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the use of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and to identify gaps in the literature by conducting a thorough search of existing publications from 2006 to March 2013. METHODS An extensive literature search included 15 databases, using the search terms "Manual Ability Classification System" or "MACS" to retrieve relevant abstracts. RESULTS A total of 161 articles were identified for final inclusion. The review identified literature that supports the reliability, validity, and stability of the MACS. CONCLUSIONS The MACS could be considered as a standard classification for children with cerebral palsy on the basis of manual abilities. The MACS can be reliably used for children between 4 and 18 years and adults between 18 and 24 years. The use of the MACS is expected to increase; further work is required to explore the use of the MACS in clinical practice.
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Kaya Kara O, Atasavun Uysal S, Turker D, Karayazgan S, Gunel MK, Baltaci G. The effects of Kinesio Taping on body functions and activity in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol 2015; 57:81-8. [PMID: 25213082 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on the body functions and activity of children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD This study was designed as a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Thirty children with unilateral spastic CP were randomized and split equally between the KT group (eight males, seven females; mean age 9y [SD 2y 3mo] range 7-12y) and the control group (seven males, eight females; mean age 9y 7mo [SD 3y 4mo] range 7-14y) receiving usual care. All participants were evaluated with the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), short-term muscle power, agility and functional muscle strength tests. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate within and between-group differences respectively. The level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. RESULTS There were significant differences in muscle power sprint (p=0.003), lateral step-up test right (p=0.016), sit to stand (p=0.018), attain stand through half knee right (p=0.003), BOTMP Gross scores (p=0.019), and WeeFIM total (p=0.003) and self-care scores (p=0.022) between the groups (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION Kinesio Taping is a promising additional approach to increase proprioceptive feedback and improve physical fitness, gross motor function, and activities of daily living in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Kaya Kara
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rosenbaum P, Eliasson AC, Hidecker MJC, Palisano RJ. Classification in childhood disability: focusing on function in the 21st century. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:1036-45. [PMID: 24810083 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814533008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Classification systems in health care are usually based on current understanding of the condition. They are often derived empirically and adopted applying sound principles of measurement science to assess whether they are reliable (consistent) and valid (true) for the purposes to which they are applied. In the past 15 years, the authors have developed and validated classification systems for specific aspects of everyday function in people with cerebral palsy--gross motor function, manual abilities, and communicative function. This article describes the approaches used to conceptualize each aspect of function, develop the tools, and assess their reliability and validity. We report on the utility of each system with respect to clinical applicability, use of these tools for research, and the uptake and impact that they have had around the world. We hope that readers will find these accounts interesting, relevant, and applicable to their daily work with children and youth with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rosenbaum
- CanChild Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann-Christin Eliasson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Robert J Palisano
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Öhrvall AM, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Eliasson AC. The stability of the Manual Ability Classification System over time. Dev Med Child Neurol 2014; 56:185-9. [PMID: 24417511 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the stability over time of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels. METHOD The study group comprised 1267 children with cerebral palsy (746 males, 521 females) who were followed from 2005 to 2010 with two or more registered MACS classifications rated at least 1 year apart. Thirty-five percent of the children (n=445) had four MACS registrations. The children were between 4 and 17 years old at their first rating, The stability over time was also compared between children who were younger (4y of age) or older (≥10y) at the time of their first classification. RESULTS An excellent stability was found between two ratings at 1-year intervals with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.97-0.97) and 82% agreement (n=1267). The stability was also excellent for two ratings performed 3 to 5 years apart (ICC 0.96; 95% CI 0.95-0.97) with an agreement of 78% (n=445). Across four ratings, 70% of the children remained at the same level. The results were similar for younger and older children, indicating that stability was not influenced by age. INTERPRETATION This study provides evidence that MACS levels are stable over time and that the classification has predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Öhrvall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Riyahi A, Rassafiani M, AkbarFahimi N, Sahaf R, Yazdani F. Cross-cultural validation of the Persian version of the Manual Ability Classification System for children with cerebral palsy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2013. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2013.20.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azade Riyahi
- Master student, Department of Occupational Therapy, The University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rassafiani
- Assistant Professor, Pediatrics Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila AkbarFahimi
- PhD candidate, Department of Occupational Therapy, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robab Sahaf
- Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Center on Aging, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Yazdani
- Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England, UK
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Jang DH, Sung IY, Kang JY, Lee SI, Park JY, Yuk JS, Byun EM. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the manual ability classification system for children with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev 2013; 39:90-3. [PMID: 22708965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Korean version of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy. METHODS After a two-step forward and one-step backward translation, the inter-rater reliability of the Korean version of the MACS was assessed separately by parents, occupational therapists and physicians. A second assessment for intra-rater reliability was performed 4 weeks later. RESULTS Sixty-nine children were enrolled. The intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.956 between occupational therapists and physicians, 0.927 between parents and physicians, and 0.960 between parents and occupational therapists. Intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.965 to 0.987. CONCLUSIONS The Korean version of the MACS is reliable and valid and is suitable for assessing manual ability in Korean children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-H Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
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Öhrvall AM, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Eliasson AC. Exploration of the relationship between the Manual Ability Classification System and hand-function measures of capacity and performance. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 35:913-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.714051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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