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da Silva Costa N, Almeida PP, Da Cruz BO, Brito ML, Maldonado-Campos J, Menezes AC, Figueiredo MS, Magliano DAC, Pereira AD, Stockler-Pinto MB. Supplementation of diet with Brazil nut modulates body composition, bone parameters, and lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14294. [PMID: 35762459 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, adipose tissue, and bone compartments can be disturbed in chronic diseases. Non-pharmacological strategies, such as Brazil nuts (BNs), can improve these parameters. This study evaluated the effects of BN supplementation at different concentrations on body composition, lipid profile, and peroxidation in healthy rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (CT), Brazil nut 5% (BN5), and Brazil nut 10% (BN10) groups. Body composition, brown adipose tissue (BAT), plasma lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile were evaluated in the three groups. The BN5 group showed an improvement in all bone parameters compared with that of the CT group (p < .0001). The BN5 and BN10 groups showed reduced plasma lipid peroxidation compared with that of the CT group (p = .0009), whereas the BN10 group presented lower BAT lipid peroxidation than that of the other groups (p = .01). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were higher in the BN5 group than in the CT group (p = .01). Conclusively, the use of BNs in a controlled manner promoted improvement in bone parameters, HDL-c levels, and lipid peroxidation in healthy rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nuts has been included in the diet because of their versatility, acceptance, and easy access. Among them, Brazil nut (BN) is considered one of the major known food sources of selenium as well as a source of fibers, unsaturated fatty acids, and phenolic compounds. Studies have shown that BN supplementation is effective in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and selenium deficiency when used as a non-pharmacological strategy in experimental models of chronic diseases and in clinical trials. The present study showed that controlled administration of BN improved bone parameters, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and lipid peroxidation in healthy rats. Therefore, BN is a promising non-pharmacological agent for the prevention of the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia da Silva Costa
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pereira Almeida
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Oliveira Da Cruz
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Michele Lima Brito
- Nutrition Graduation, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Agatha Cristie Menezes
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - D' Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Nutrition Sciences Graduation Program, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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Tursun S, Gülerman HF, Gazyağcı S, Şahin Y, Erel Ö, Neşelioğlu S. Investigation of Thiol/Disulfide Balance in Obese Rats with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2021; 24:443-454. [PMID: 34557397 PMCID: PMC8443854 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2021.24.5.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached epidemic dimensions over time. NAFLD is the most common cause of childhood chronic liver disease. There is a relationship between NAFLD and oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the changes in thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters to determine the oxidant/antioxidant balance in obese rats with diet-induced NAFLD and healthy rats. METHODS Twelve Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Experimentally produced NAFLD obese rats (n=6) and healthy rats were compared. Experimental NAFLD model was created with a special fatty liver diet (Altromin® C1063, Fatty Liver Diet, Exclusivet, Lage, Germany). The biochemical and histopathological features of the groups, as well as serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters, were analyzed and compared. RESULTS In the experimentally induced NAFLD rat model, they gained more weight than the control group. Steatosis (at least grade 2) occurred in all rats fed with special fatty liver diet for 12 weeks. Histopathologically, no high-grade inflammation was observed in rats with experimental NAFLD after feeding a diet for 12 weeks. Results revealed that aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels were high, albumin levels were low, oxidant stress parameters increased, and antioxidant thiol groups decreased. CONCLUSION Experimental NAFLD is characterized by increased oxidant stress accompanying fatty tissue in the liver. Analysis of thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters in NAFLD can be used in further studies to develop effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Tursun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Hacer Fulya Gülerman
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Serkal Gazyağcı
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Şahin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Jiang L, Wang K, Lo K, Zhong Y, Yang A, Fang X, Akezhuoli H, Song Z, Chen L, An P, Xu M, Min J, Wang F. Sex-Specific Association of Circulating Ferritin Level and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4539-4551. [PMID: 31074789 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the role of iron in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has long been a concern, prospective studies directly linking body iron stores to T2D risk in a sex-dependent context have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE A systematic meta-analysis was conducted to explore the sex-specific association of circulating ferritin with T2D risk. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases to identify available prospective studies through 1 August 2018. RESULTS Fifteen prospective studies comprising 77,352 participants and 18,404 patients with T2D, aged 20 to 80 years, and with ∼3 to 17 years of follow-up were identified. For each 100-μg/L increment in ferritin levels of overall participants, T2D risk increased by 22% (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.31). Of note, major heterogeneities by sex were identified, with increased ferritin level having an apparently greater effect on T2D risk in women (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.82) than in men (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.27) after exclusion of a study with high heterogeneity (41,512 men and 6974 women for sex-specific analyses; P = 0.020 for sex difference). Further nonlinear analysis between circulating ferritin and T2D risk also showed sex-dimorphic association in that the T2D risk of women was twice as strong in magnitude as that of men at the same ferritin level. CONCLUSIONS Greater circulating ferritin levels were independently associated with increased T2D risk, which appeared stronger among women than men. Our findings provide prospective evidence for further testing of the utility of ferritin levels in predicting T2D risk in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Departments of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailati Akezhuoli
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, M Galmés-Pascual B, Sbert-Roig M, J García-Palmer F, Gianotti M, M Proenza A, Lladó I. Antioxidant peroxiredoxin 3 expression is regulated by 17beta-estradiol in rat white adipose tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:9-19. [PMID: 28529127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) plays a role as a regulator of the adipocyte mitochondrial function due to its antioxidant activity. We have previously reported the existence of a sexual dimorphism in the mitochondrial oxidative stress status of many rat tissues such as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues. The aim was to elucidate whether sex hormones may play a role in PRX3 expression in the adipose tissues of rats. In in vivo experiments, male and female standard diet fed rats, high fat diet (HFD) fed rats and rosiglitazone-supplemented HFD (HDF+Rsg) fed rats, as well as ovariectomized (OVX) and 17beta-estradiol-supplemented OVX (OVX+E2) female rats were used. 3T3-L1 adipocytes and brown adipocyte primary culture were used to study the roles of both E2 and testosterone in in vitro experiments. PRX3 levels were greater in the WAT of female rats than in males. This sexual dimorphism disappeared by HFD feeding but was magnified with Rsg supplementation. PRX3 sexual dimorphism was not observed in BAT, and neither HFD nor ovariectomy modified PRX3 levels. Rsg increased Prx3 expression in the BAT of both sexes. In vitro studies supported the results obtained in vivo and confirmed the contribution of E2 to sex differences in WAT Prx3 expression. Finally, we reported an E2 upregulation of both PRX3 and thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) in WAT but not in BAT that could play a key role in the sex dimorphism reported in the antioxidant defence of WAT in order to palliate the detrimental effect of the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bel M Galmés-Pascual
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Sbert-Roig
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Palmer
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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5
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Mela V, Piscitelli F, Berzal AL, Chowen J, Silvestri C, Viveros MP, Di Marzo V. Sex-dependent effects of neonatal maternal deprivation on endocannabinoid levels in the adipose tissue: influence of diet. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:349-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Mangge H, Prüller F, Zelzer S, Ainödhofer H, Pailer S, Kieslinger P, Haybaeck J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Cvirn G, Gruber HJ. Hypothyroidism Exacerbates Thrombophilia in Female Rats Fed with a High Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15776-84. [PMID: 26184174 PMCID: PMC4519924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clotting abnormalities are discussed both in the context with thyroid dysfunctions and obesity caused by a high fat diet. This study aimed to investigate the impact of hypo-, or hyperthyroidism on the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), a master indicator of clotting activation, on Sprague Dawley rats fed a normal or high fat diet. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 66) were grouped into normal diet (ND; n = 30) and high-fat diet (HFD; n = 36) groups and subdivided into controls, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups, induced through propylthiouracil or triiodothyronine (T3) treatment, respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment ETP, body weight and food intake were analyzed. Successfully induced thyroid dysfunction was shown by T3 levels, both under normal and high fat diet. Thyroid dysfunction was accompanied by changes in calorie intake and body weight. In detail, compared to euthyroid controls, hypothyroid rats showed significantly increased—and hyperthyroid animals significantly decreased—ETP levels. High fat diet potentiated these effects in both directions. In summary, we are the first to show that hypothyroidism and high fat diet potentiate the thrombotic capacity of the clotting system in Sprague Dawley rats. This effect may be relevant for cardiovascular disease where thyroid function is poorly understood as a pathological contributor in the context of clotting activity and obesogenic nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Herwig Ainödhofer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabine Pailer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Petra Kieslinger
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gruber
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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7
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Oxidized LDL Is Strictly Limited to Hyperthyroidism Irrespective of Fat Feeding in Female Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11689-98. [PMID: 26006242 PMCID: PMC4463724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunctions might play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a controlled diet (normal versus high fat feeding) on hypothyroid and hyperthyroid Sprague Dawley rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 66) were grouped into normal diet (n = 30) and high-fat diet (n = 36) groups and subdivided into controls, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups, induced through propylthiouracil or triiodothyronine (T3) treatment, respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment metabolic parameters, such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), the lipid profile, body weight and food intake parameters were analyzed. Successfully induced thyroid dysfunctions were shown by T3 levels, both under normal and high fat diet. Thyroid dysfunctions were accompanied by changes in calorie intake and body weight as well as in the lipid profile. In detail, hypothyroid rats showed significantly decreased oxLDL levels, whereas hyperthyroid rats showed significantly increased oxLDL levels. These effects were seen under high fat diet and were less pronounced with normal feeding. Taken together, we showed for the first time in female SD rats that only hyper-, but not hypothyroidism, is associated with high atherogenic oxidized LDL irrespective of normal or high-fat diet in Sprague Dawley rats.
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8
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Capllonch-Amer G, Sbert-Roig M, Galmés-Pascual BM, Proenza AM, Lladó I, Gianotti M, García-Palmer FJ. Estradiol stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and adiponectin expression in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:391-403. [PMID: 24681828 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been found in mitochondrial features of skeletal muscle, with female rats showing greater mitochondrial mass and function compared with males. Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine whose expression has been related to mitochondrial function and that is also expressed in skeletal muscle, where it exerts local metabolic effects. The aim of this research was to elucidate the role of sex hormones in modulation of mitochondrial function, as well as its relationship with adiponectin production in rat skeletal muscle. An in vivo study with ovariectomized Wistar rats receiving or not receiving 17β-estradiol (E2) (10 μg/kg per 48 h for 4 weeks) was carried out, in parallel with an assay of cultured myotubes (L6E9) treated with E2 (10 nM), progesterone (Pg; 1 μM), or testosterone (1 μM). E2 upregulated the markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and also of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and L6E9. Although in vivo E2 supplementation only partially restored the decreased adiponectin expression levels induced by ovariectomy, these were enhanced by E2 and Pg treatment in cultured myotubes, whereas testosterone showed no effects. Adiponectin receptor 1 expression was increased by E2 treatment, both in vivo and in vitro, but testosterone decreased it. In conclusion, our results are in agreement with the sexual dimorphism previously reported in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and indicate E2 to be its main effector, as it enhances mitochondrial function and diminishes oxidative stress. Moreover, our data support the idea of the existence of a link between mitochondrial function and adiponectin expression in skeletal muscle, which could be modulated by sex hormones.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adiponectin/blood
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Estradiol/blood
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Female
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Ovariectomy
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Progesterone/blood
- Progesterone/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Testosterone/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Capllonch-Amer
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Sbert-Roig
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bel M Galmés-Pascual
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainGrup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainGrup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainGrup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Palmer
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainGrup Metabolisme Energètic i NutricióDepartament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7,5. E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobnCB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Improves Insulin Production but Enhances Bax Protein Expression in Cafeteria-Treated Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2013; 2013:875314. [PMID: 26904613 PMCID: PMC4745494 DOI: 10.1155/2013/875314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, the administration of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) in female Wistar rats improved insulin resistance, reduced insulin production, and modulated apoptosis biomarkers in the pancreas. Considering that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in females are different from these parameters in males, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GSPE on male Wistar cafeteria-induced obese rats. The results have confirmed that the cafeteria model is a robust model mimicking a prediabetic state, as these rats display insulin resistance, increased insulin synthesis and secretion, and increased apoptosis in the pancreas. In addition, GSPE treatment (25 mg/kg of GSPE for 21 days) in male rats improves insulin resistance and counteracts the cafeteria-induced effects on insulin synthesis. However, the administration of the extract enhances the cafeteria-induced increase in Bax protein levels, suggesting increased apoptosis. This result contradicts previous results from cafeteria-fed female rats, in which GSPE seemed to counteract the increased apoptosis induced by the cafeteria diet.
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10
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Sex-dependent differences in rat brown adipose tissue mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin signaling parameters in response to an obesogenic diet. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:125-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Shehtman AM, Boev VM, Nikonorov AA. Influence of iron and copper consumption on weight gain and oxidative stress in adipose tissue of Wistar rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:127-32. [PMID: 23554552 PMCID: PMC3600512 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-012-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of iron and copper consumption on weight gain and development of oxidative stress in adipose tissue of rats. Control rats obtained pure drinking water. Iron-treated groups of animals obtained FeSO4•12H2O with drinking water in concentrations of 3 and 6 mg/l, while copper-treated rats obtained CuSO4 in concentrations of 4.88 and 9.76 mg/l. The animals of the 6th group received a mixture of FeSO4•12H2O and CuSO4 in the respective concentrations of 3 and 4.88 mg/l in drinking water. All animals received a standard chow. The final weight of rats from all the experimental groups, especially in those obtaining the combination of iron and cooper, exceeded the control values. Maximal weight of fat pads was observed in animals receiving drinking water with 3 mg/l FeSO4•12H2O, 4.88 and 9.76 mg/l CuSO4, and the mixture of FeSO4•12H2O and CuSO4. The maximal intensity of free radical processes, as estimated by the concentration of fluorescent modified amino acids and the intensity of chemiluminescence in adipose tissue homogenates, was observed in rats obtaining iron in the concentration of 3 mg/l in the drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg, Russia
- Interdepartmental Biochemical Laboratory, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Olga P. Ajsuvakova
- Interdepartmental Biochemical Laboratory, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr M. Shehtman
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Viktor M. Boev
- Department of general and communal hygiene and human ecology, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg, Russia
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12
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High-fat diet feeding induces a depot-dependent response on the pro-inflammatory state and mitochondrial function of gonadal white adipose tissue. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:413-24. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been related to a chronic pro-inflammatory state affecting white adipose tissue (WAT), which has a great impact on carbohydrate, lipid and energy metabolism. In turn, the dysregulation of adipokine secretion derived from the accumulation of excess lipids in adipocytes further contributes to the development of insulin resistance and can be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sexual dimorphism found in the systemic insulin sensitivity profile is related to sex differences in a high-fat diet (HFD) response of gonadal WAT at mitochondrial function and inflammatory profile levels. Wistar rats (10 weeks old) of both sexes were fed a control pelleted diet (3 % (w/w) fat;n8 for each sex) or a HFD (24 % (w/w) fat;n8 for each sex). Serum insulin sensitivity markers, mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors and the protein content of insulin and adiponectin signalling pathways were analysed, as well as the levels of the main markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defence and oxidative damage. In the present study, the periovarian depot exhibits a greater expandability capacity, along with a lower hypoxic and pro-inflammatory state, without signs of mitochondrial dysfunction or changes in its dynamics. In contrast, epididymal fat has a much more pronounced pro-inflammatory, hypoxic and insulin-resistant profile accompanied by changes in mitochondrial dynamics, probably associated with HFD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, this explains the worse serum insulin sensitivity profile of male rats.
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13
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Amengual-Cladera E, Lladó I, Gianotti M, Proenza AM. Retroperitoneal white adipose tissue mitochondrial function and adiponectin expression in response to ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol replacement. Steroids 2012; 77:659-65. [PMID: 22402114 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been previously found both in mitochondrial biogenesis and function and in adiponectin expression of retroperitoneal WAT. However, little is known about the E2 effects on WAT mitochondrial function. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine in greater depth the role of estrogens in sexual dimorphism. This was accomplished by studying the effects of ovariectomy and E2 replacement on retroperitoneal WAT mitochondrial function. Fourteen-week-old female and ovariectomized (OVX) female Wistar rats were used in this study. The ovariectomy was performed at 5 weeks of age and at 10 weeks of age OVX rats were divided into two experimental groups: OVX, and OVX treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) (OVX+E2). Subcutaneous injections of E2 (10 μg/kg/48 h) were administered to the OVX+E2 rats for 4 weeks previous to the sacrifice whereas OVX rats were treated only with the vehicle. Levels of the main markers for mitochondrial biogenesis and function and those representatives of the antioxidant defense system and insulin sensitivity were determined. Additionally, the mRNA levels of the α and β estrogen receptors and of some adipocyte differentiation markers were studied. Our results indicate that retroperitoneal WAT was able to adapt itself to ovariectomy without any changes in mitochondrial function markers or for the adiponectin levels. However, E2 supplementation led to an unexpected decrease in: TFAM protein levels, in LPL, PPARγ and adiponectin gene expression and in the systemic HMW adiponectin levels. This decrease is probably due to the down-regulation of the ERα mRNA expression to avoid an over-stimulation by E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Amengual-Cladera
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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14
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Mitochondrial ('mild') uncoupling and ROS production: physiologically relevant or not? Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 39:1305-9. [PMID: 21936806 DOI: 10.1042/bst0391305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the possibility that 'mild' uncoupling could be protective against oxidative damage by diminishing ROS (reactive oxygen species) production has attracted much interest. In the present paper, we briefly examine the evidence for this possibility. It is only ROS production from succinate under reverse electron-flow conditions that is sensitive to membrane potential fluctuations, and so only this type of ROS production could be affected; however, the conditions under which succinate-supported ROS production is observed include succinate concentrations that are supraphysiological. Any decrease in membrane potential, even 'mild uncoupling', must necessarily lead to large increases in respiration, i.e. it must be markedly thermogenic. Mitochondria within cells are normally ATP-producing and thus already have a diminished membrane potential, and treatment of cells, organs or animals with small amounts of artificial uncoupler does not seem to have beneficial effects that are explainable via reduced ROS production. Although it has been suggested that members of the uncoupling protein family (UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3) may mediate a mild uncoupling, present evidence does not unequivocally support such an effect, e.g. the absence of the truly uncoupling protein UCP1 is not associated with increased oxidative damage. Thus present evidence does not support mild uncoupling as a physiologically relevant alleviator of oxidative damage.
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