1
|
Saco Y, Peña R, Matas-Quintanilla M, Ibáñez-López FJ, Piñeiro M, Sotillo J, Bassols A, Gutiérrez AM. Influence of the circadian cycle, sex and production stage on the reference values of parameters related to stress and pathology in porcine saliva. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:42. [PMID: 37773175 PMCID: PMC10541711 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concentration of biomarkers in saliva could be influenced by several factors not related to the specific condition under analyses, which should be considered for proper clinical interpretation. In the present study, the circadian rhythm of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), Pig-MAP, S100A12, Cu, Zn, Adenosine deaminase (ADA), total protein (TP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), cortisol and α-amylase in saliva of 20 female and 20 male pigs was investigated. Moreover, the influence of sex and production phase (post-weaning, fattening and finishing) on the concentrations of biomarkers in a total of 414 healthy pigs was studied and the reference intervals for all salivary biomarkers were calculated accordingly. RESULTS All parameters except Pig-MAP, OSI and α-amylase varied significantly along the daytime, and most of them peak around early afternoon (13-15 h). The cosinor analysis described the temporal dynamics of circadian rhythms for all parameters. The range values showed differences between male and female pigs in 8 out of the 13 biomarkers, with higher concentrations in females in comparison to male pigs. The influence of the production phase on the salivary concentrations was observed for all the biomarkers. The highest concentrations were observed for Pig-MAP, S100A12 and α-amylase in post-weaning animals, for TP in growing pigs and for OSI in finishing animals. Most of the sex-influenced biomarkers showed the highest concentrations at growing stages with some exceptions such as ADA or Hp that showed the peak at finishing and post-weaning stages respectively. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to establish the optimal daytime for routine saliva sampling to avoid circadian variations and for that end, the time interval between 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. is highly recommended. The factors sex and production phase influence the concentration of biomarkers and should be considered for proper biomarker interpretation. The reference intervals presented here for each salivary biomarker will help to correctly interpret the results of these analytes and contribute to the use of saliva as a non-invasive sample for the diagnosis and monitoring of the health status of swine farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Saco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - R Peña
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - M Matas-Quintanilla
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - F J Ibáñez-López
- Department of Didactic of Maths and Social Sciences, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, 30008, Spain
| | - M Piñeiro
- Acuvet Biotech, C/Bari 25, Zaragoza, 50197, Spain
| | - J Sotillo
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - A Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - A M Gutiérrez
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prims S, Van Ostade X, Ayuso M, Dom M, Van Raemdonck G, Van Cruchten S, Casteleyn C, Van Ginneken C. Chronic exposure to multiple stressors alters the salivary proteome of piglets. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286455. [PMID: 37235602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring chronic stress in pigs is not only essential in view of animal welfare but is also important for the farmer, given that stress influences the zootechnical performance of the pigs and increases their susceptibility to infectious diseases. To investigate the use of saliva as a non-invasive, objective chronic stress monitoring tool, twenty-four 4-day-old piglets were transferred to artificial brooders. At the age of 7 days, they were assigned to either the control or the stressed group and reared for three weeks. Piglets in the stressed group were exposed to overcrowding, absence of cage enrichment, and frequent mixing of animals between pens. Shotgun analysis using an isobaric labelling method (iTRAQ) for tandem mass spectrometry performed on saliva samples taken after three weeks of chronic stress identified 392 proteins, of which 20 proteins displayed significantly altered concentrations. From these 20 proteins, eight were selected for further validation using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). For this validation, saliva samples that were taken one week after the start of the experiment and samples that were taken at the end of the experiment were analysed to verify the profile over time. We wanted to investigate whether the candidate biomarkers responded fast or rather slowly to the onset of chronic exposure to multiple stressors. Furthermore, this validation could indicate whether age influenced the baseline concentrations of these salivary proteins, both in healthy and stressed animals. This targeted PRM analysis confirmed that alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein was upregulated in the stressed group after one and three weeks, while odorant-binding protein, chitinase, long palate lung and nasal epithelium protein 5, lipocalin-1, and vomeromodulin-like protein were present in lower concentrations in the saliva of the stressed pigs, albeit only after three weeks. These results indicate that the porcine salivary proteome is altered by chronic exposure to multiple stressors. The affected proteins could be used as salivary biomarkers to identify welfare problems at the farm and facilitate research to optimise rearing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Prims
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xaveer Van Ostade
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics (CfP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Miriam Ayuso
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Dom
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics (CfP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Laboratory of Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodríguez SP, Herrera AL, Parra JE. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the duodenum of broiler chickens exposed to lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Vet World 2023; 16:564-570. [PMID: 37041838 PMCID: PMC10082750 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.564-570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Intestinal infections are associated with Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. When eliminated by treatments during replication, E. coli release lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that can activate the intestinal immune system and increase the expression of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), by the intestinal epithelium under pathological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of Bacillus subtilis to the duodenal gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in broilers exposed to LPS from E. coli. Materials and Methods RNA was extracted using the Zymo Research total RNA commercial kit, according to the manufacturer's specifications, from the intestinal tissue of the duodenum previously resuspended in the lysis buffer of the kit. The expression of the cytokines of interest was measured using the QuantiNova SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction kit (Qiagen). Transcript quantification was performed by the ΔΔC(t) method using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a normalizing constitutive gene. Results For the measurement of pro-inflammatory (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the basal diet and the diet with antibiotic (avilamycin). There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between diets with LPS. The diet with B. subtilis presented the lowest expression; the results differed on each sampling day (days 14, 28, and 42). Conclusion A decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and an increase in IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) was observed; in this way, a balance of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection is achieved, suggesting that the use of B. subtilis as an additive in a broiler diet has a similar effect to that produced with antibiotic growth promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paola Rodríguez
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín campus 050034, Colombia
- Corresponding author: Sandra Paola Rodríguez, e-mail: Co-authors: ALH: , JEP:
| | - Albeiro López Herrera
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín campus 050034, Colombia
| | - Jaime Eduardo Parra
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín campus 050034, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar P, Ahmed MA, Abubakar AA, Hayat MN, Kaka U, Ajat M, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Improving animal welfare status and meat quality through assessment of stress biomarkers: A critical review. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109048. [PMID: 36469986 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Stress induces various physiological and biochemical alterations in the animal body, which are used to assess the stress status of animals. Blood profiles, serum hormones, enzymes, and physiological conditions such as body temperature, heart, and breathing rate of animals are the most commonly used stress biomarkers in the livestock sector. Previous exposure, genetics, stress adaptation, intensity, duration, and rearing practices result in wide intra- and inter-animal variations in the expression of various stress biomarkers. The use of meat proteomics by adequately analyzing the expression of various muscle proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), acute phase proteins (APPs), texture, and tenderness biomarkers help predict meat quality and stress in animals before slaughter. Thus, there is a need to identify non-invasive, rapid, and accurate stress biomarkers that can objectively assess stress in animals. The present manuscript critically reviews various aspects of stress biomarkers in animals and their application in mitigating preslaughter stress in meat production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pastorelli G, Serra V, Turin L, Redaelli V, Luzi F, Barbieri S. Tranquillizing Effect of Passiflora incarnata Extract: Outcome on Behavioral and Physiological Indicators in Weaning Pigs with Intact Tails. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020203. [PMID: 35049826 PMCID: PMC8773376 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Post-weaning is the most critical phase in pig farming, characterized by efforts to ensure health, performance and welfare of animals. Despite that EU Directive 2008/120/EC prohibits the practice of tail docking, it is still commonly applied in intensive farming to avoid tail biting. From a nutritional perspective, the dietary supplementation with natural extracts with calming properties could represent a promising approach to overcome common production stressors, reducing abnormal behaviors such as tail biting. This study intended to determine the effects of the dietary inclusion of Passiflora incarnata, known for its tranquillizing activity, on skin lesions, thermal imaging, behavior, salivary cortisol and IgA levels on post-weaning piglets reared with intact tails. Growth performances were also monitored. No differences were recorded between diets regarding growth performance, whereas findings concerning aggressive and abnormal behaviors, such as tail and ear biting, and lower levels of cortisol confirmed the hypothesis of the calming effect of P. incarnata on post-weaning piglets. Abstract Tail docking has been used in the pig industry to decrease the occurrence of tail biting behavior. This abnormal behavior has a multifactorial origin since it is a response to simultaneous environmental, nutritional and management changes. Given the calming properties of Passiflora incarnata, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with the extract in weaned pigs could result in a modification of behavior and physiologic indicators linked to stress. Weaned piglets (n = 120, mean body weight 9.07 ± 2.30 kg) were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments: control diet (CON) and CON supplemented with 1 kg/t of P. incarnata (PAS). The trial was 28 days long. The presence of skin lesions was assessed at d-1, d-10, d-19, and d-28, and saliva samples were collected for IgA and cortisol determinations at the same sampling times. Results showed the PAS group was characterized by equal growth performance as the CON group, fewer ear lesions (p < 0.05), less aggressive behavior (p < 0.001), higher enrichment exploration (p < 0.001) and lower cortisol levels (p < 0.01). Time effect was observed for tail lesions (p < 0.001) and behavioral observations (p < 0.001). Additional research is required to determine the effect of P. incarnata extract using a larger number of animals and longer period of supplementation when risks associated with tail biting are uncontrolled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (L.T.); Tel.: +39-02-503-34762 (V.S.); +39-02-503-34518 (L.T.)
| | - Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (L.T.); Tel.: +39-02-503-34762 (V.S.); +39-02-503-34518 (L.T.)
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via della Commenda 10, 20100 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via della Commenda 10, 20100 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Sara Barbieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salivary stress markers in dogs: Potential markers of acute stress. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:48-55. [PMID: 34673347 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Along with the growing awareness of psychological stress in companion animals, several treatments have become available to address fear- and anxiety-related behaviors in dogs. To detect vulnerable individuals and apply effective treatments, reliable evaluations that can quantify individual stress responses are in high demand. To develop measurable variables that have clinical applications, more investigations are needed to increase our knowledge. When stress responses are activated by the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes, the immune system is also activated. Although the peripheral cortisol level is commonly used as a stress biomarker, it primarily reflects the HPA axis response and does not sufficiently reflect the complexity of the stress response. Thus, this review primarily focuses on the available salivary biomarkers that mainly reflect the acute stress response through the activity of the SAM axis and the immune system in dogs. We hope that this review will promote the validation of these biomarkers in dogs and aid in the development of future studies to evaluate stress responses in dogs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bekes K, Mitulović G, Meißner N, Resch U, Gruber R. Saliva proteomic patterns in patients with molar incisor hypomineralization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7560. [PMID: 32371984 PMCID: PMC7200701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an endemic pediatric disease with an unclear pathogenesis. Considering that saliva controls enamel remineralization and that MIH is associated with higher saliva flow rate, we hypothesized that the protein composition of saliva is linked to disease. To test this, we enrolled 5 children aged 6-14 years with MIH showing at least one hypersensitive molar and 5 caries-free children without hypomineralization. Saliva samples were subjected to proteomic analysis followed by protein classification in to biological pathways. Among 618 salivary proteins identified with high confidence, 88 proteins were identified exclusively in MIH patients and 16 proteins in healthy controls only. Biological pathway analysis classified these 88 patient-only proteins to neutrophil-mediated adaptive immunity, the activation of the classical pathway of complement activation, extracellular matrix degradation, heme scavenging as well as glutathione -and drug metabolism. The 16 controls-only proteins were associated with adaptive immunity related to platelet degranulation and the lysosome. This report suggests that the proteaneous composition of saliva is affected in MIH patients, reflecting a catabolic environment which is linked to inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Bekes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - G Mitulović
- Proteomics Core Facility, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - U Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cerón JJ. Acute phase proteins, saliva and education in laboratory science: an update and some reflections. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:197. [PMID: 31189466 PMCID: PMC6560908 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides updated knowledge and some ideas and reflections about three areas which are currently of interest in the field of the animal laboratory science. These areas are the study of acute phase proteins (APPs) as biomarkers of inflammation, the use of saliva as a non-invasive sample for analyte measurements, and the development of education in the field of laboratory medicine. In the APPs, a seven-point plan for their interpretation in all veterinary species containing updated knowledge and future perspectives is described. Regarding the saliva, general concepts, examples of practical applications and the limitations and points to improve for the use of this fluid are explained. Finally, the recent evolution, current situation and possible ideas for future development of education in this field are commented. In addition to review the knowledge in these three specific areas, this report can help to provide a wide vision of the potential and future perspectives in veterinary laboratory science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prims S, Van Raemdonck G, Vanden Hole C, Van Cruchten S, Van Ginneken C, Van Ostade X, Casteleyn C. On the characterisation of the porcine gland-specific salivary proteome. J Proteomics 2019; 196:92-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Goumon S, Leszkowová I, Šimecková M, Illmann G. Sow stress levels and behavior and piglet performances in farrowing crates and farrowing pens with temporary crating. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4571-4578. [PMID: 30102369 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Farrowing pens with temporary crating have been developed as a compromise between conventional farrowing crates and pens to better accommodate the welfare of both sow and piglets during lactation. However, not much is known about the behavioral and physiological consequences of early removal of confinement on the sow and piglets during lactation. The aim of this study was to assess the effects on sow and piglet performance of temporary crating until 3-d postpartum at 2 times points, immediately after confinement removal and 25 d into lactation. Sows were crated from 5-d prepartum either to weaning (permanently crated-PC group; N =14) or to D3 (83.0 ± 1.3 h) postpartum (Temporarily crated - TC group N = 13). Sow postural changes, activity, cortisol and IgA concentrations, and piglet body weight gain and behavior were assessed on D4 and on D25 postpartum, whereas piglet mortality was assessed throughout lactation. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM and PROC GENMOD of SAS. On D4 postfarrowing, TC sows were more active (10.9% vs. 7.1%; SEM: 0.8; P = 0.002), rolled more frequently (21.3% vs. 14.4%; SEM: 1.6; P = 0.008), and had lower IgA concentrations (139.7 vs. 75.2 µg/mL; SEM: 20.3; P = 0.040) than PC sows. No effects of housing were found (P > 0.05) on standing-to-lying movement or cortisol concentrations. No differences for any variables were found (P > 0.05) on D25. Mortality, body weights, and activity levels at the udder or in the pen of pigs born to PC sows did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of piglets born to TC sows on D4 nor on D25. This study indicates that removal of confinement on the 4th-d postpartum may have had small short-term positive effects on sow behavior and stress levels (as measured by IgA), and that it did not impair piglets' behavior and performance during lactation. Therefore, this work suggests that temporary crating limited to the first 3-d postpartum might be a feasible alternative to improve welfare under intensive production conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Goumon
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhrineves, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Leszkowová
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhrineves, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šimecková
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhrineves, Czech Republic
| | - Gudrun Illmann
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhřiněves, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Edwards KL, Edes AN, Brown JL. Stress, Well-Being and Reproductive Success. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1200:91-162. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Martínez-Miró S, Tecles F, Ramón M, Escribano D, Hernández F, Madrid J, Orengo J, Martínez-Subiela S, Manteca X, Cerón JJ. Causes, consequences and biomarkers of stress in swine: an update. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:171. [PMID: 27543093 PMCID: PMC4992232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades there has been a growing concern about animal stress on intensive pig farms due to the undesirable consequences that stress produces in the normal physiology of pigs and its effects on their welfare and general productive performance. This review analyses the most important types of stress (social, environmental, metabolic, immunological and due to human handling), and their biological consequences for pigs. The physio-pathological changes associated with stress are described, as well as the negative effects of stress on pig production. In addition an update of the different biomarkers used for the evaluation of stress is provided. These biomarkers can be classified into four groups according to the physiological system or axis evaluated: sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and immune system. CONCLUSIONS Stress it is a process with multifactorial causes and produces an organic response that generates negative effects on animal health and production. Ideally, a panel of various biomarkers should be used to assess and evaluate the stress resulting from diverse causes and the different physiological systems involved in the stress response. We hope that this review will increase the understanding of the stress process, contribute to a better control and reduction of potential stressful stimuli in pigs and, finally, encourage future studies and developments to better monitor, detect and manage stress on pig farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Ramón
- Department of Animal Production, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Damián Escribano
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Orengo
- Department of Animal Production, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Xavier Manteca
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jacobsen S, Top Adler DM, Bundgaard L, Sørensen MA, Andersen PH, Bendixen E. The use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to detect proteins in saliva from horses with and without systemic inflammation. Vet J 2014; 202:483-8. [PMID: 25296850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess global expression of proteins in equine saliva using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Saliva was obtained from seven horses with and six horses without evidence of systemic inflammatory disease. Tryptic peptides from saliva were analysed by LC-MS/MS. Of 195 unique proteins identified, 57 were detected only in saliva samples from horses with systemic inflammation (in two to six of the seven horses). Among the differentially expressed proteins were several acute phase proteins (APPs) such as serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. The study is the first to describe detection of inflammatory proteins in horse saliva. The proteins detected were similar to those described in saliva from cattle, small ruminants and pigs. Detection of APPs in horses with systemic inflammation suggests that saliva may be used for non-invasive disease monitoring in horses as in humans, pigs and dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Marie Top Adler
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Louise Bundgaard
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Aamand Sørensen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Pia Haubro Andersen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Emøke Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Escribano D, Gutiérrez AM, Fuentes-Rubio M, Cerón JJ. Saliva chromogranin A in growing pigs: a study of circadian patterns during daytime and stability under different storage conditions. Vet J 2014; 199:355-9. [PMID: 24507880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Salivary chromogranin A (CgA) is considered to be a biomarker of activation of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system, and has recently been proposed as a useful indicator of the acute stress response in pigs. The aim of the present study was to determinate whether salivary CgA concentrations in healthy growing pigs exhibits any circadian pattern during the daytime, and to evaluate its stability under different storage conditions. A total of 80 pigs (40 in spring and another 40 in autumn) of two different ages and genders were used. To establish the circadian pattern, saliva samples were collected at 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 and 19.00 h on two consecutive days. Pooled samples were used for the stability study and were measured on the day of sampling and periodically for up to 360 days later. Samples were stored at 4 °C, -20 °C or -80 °C and the effect of repeated freezing and thawing was also evaluated. No circadian pattern was detected for salivary CgA in either season and there were no significant effects of gender or age. However, mean salivary CgA concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.0001) in the pigs sampled in autumn, compared to those sampled in the spring. Short term storage at 4 °C is recommended for up to 2 days, whereas frozen samples can be stored for 1 year at -20 °C or -80 °C, without substantial reduction in CgA values. In addition, samples can be frozen and thawed up to seven times without significant loss of the biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M Gutiérrez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Fuentes-Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Response of salivary haptoglobin and serum amyloid A to social isolation and short road transport stress in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:298-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Gutiérrez A, Escribano D, Fuentes M, Cerón J. Circadian pattern of acute phase proteins in the saliva of growing pigs. Vet J 2013; 196:167-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
17
|
Soler L, Gutiérrez A, Cerón J. Serum amyloid A measurements in saliva and serum in growing pigs affected by porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome in field conditions. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1266-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|