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Lee HY, Lee JH, Baek J, Cho KA, Min KJ. Piperine improves the health span of Drosophila melanogaster with age- and sex-specific effect. Biogerontology 2024; 25:665-677. [PMID: 38548993 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Piperine, a dietary phytochemical isolated from the Piper species, has been used as a natural medicine for pain, flu, and fever in ancient China and India. Although the health benefits of piperine have been widely studied, research on its effect on aging is limited. This study aimed to determine whether piperine has the potential to mitigate aging-related changes in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), which is an excellent model organism for studies on aging. The experiments were conducted using the newly eclosed or 30-day-old D. melanogaster wild-type strain Cantonized-white. Piperine was dissolved in 99% ethanol and added to the sucrose-yeast medium at a final concentration of 10, 35, 70, or 100 μM. The study examined the effects of piperine supplementation on the lifespan of D. melanogaster and other physiological functions, such as fecundity, feeding, lipid content, and resistance to environmental stress. Log-rank tests, Shapiro-Wilk test, F-test, t-test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Piperine failed to change the lifespan and body weight, but increased the fecundity and decreased the feeding rate in one-week-old flies. However, when piperine was fed to 30-day-old flies, it increased the lifespan of male flies and the fecundity and feeding rate of female flies. These results indicate that piperine can improve the health of aged flies. The findings suggest that piperine has age-dependent and sex-specific anti-aging effects in fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Jeonnam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, Medispan Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Gencturk S, Unal G. Rodent tests of depression and anxiety: Construct validity and translational relevance. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:191-224. [PMID: 38413466 PMCID: PMC11039509 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral testing constitutes the primary method to measure the emotional states of nonhuman animals in preclinical research. Emerging as the characteristic tool of the behaviorist school of psychology, behavioral testing of animals, particularly rodents, is employed to understand the complex cognitive and affective symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Following the symptom-based diagnosis model of the DSM, rodent models and tests of depression and anxiety focus on behavioral patterns that resemble the superficial symptoms of these disorders. While these practices provided researchers with a platform to screen novel antidepressant and anxiolytic drug candidates, their construct validity-involving relevant underlying mechanisms-has been questioned. In this review, we present the laboratory procedures used to assess depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in rats and mice. These include constructs that rely on stress-triggered responses, such as behavioral despair, and those that emerge with nonaversive training, such as cognitive bias. We describe the specific behavioral tests that are used to assess these constructs and discuss the criticisms on their theoretical background. We review specific concerns about the construct validity and translational relevance of individual behavioral tests, outline the limitations of the traditional, symptom-based interpretation, and introduce novel, ethologically relevant frameworks that emphasize simple behavioral patterns. Finally, we explore behavioral monitoring and morphological analysis methods that can be integrated into behavioral testing and discuss how they can enhance the construct validity of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gencturk
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Unal
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Dahleh MMM, Araujo SM, Bortolotto VC, Torres SP, Machado FR, Meichtry LB, Musachio EAS, Guerra GP, Prigol M. The implications of exercise in Drosophila melanogaster: insights into Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway associated with Hsp70 regulation in redox balance maintenance. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:479-493. [PMID: 37500966 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of exercise on the responses of energy metabolism, redox balance maintenance, and apoptosis regulation in Drosophila melanogaster to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying the increased performance that this emerging exercise model provides. Three groups were evaluated for seven days: the control (no exercise or locomotor limitations), movement-limited flies (MLF) (no exercise, with locomotor limitations), and EXE (with exercise, no locomotor limitations). The EXE flies demonstrated greater endurance-like tolerance in the swimming test, associated with increased citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels, and metabolic markers in exercise. Notably, the EXE protocol regulated the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, which was associated with decreased Hsp70 activation, culminating in glutathione turnover regulation. Moreover, reducing the locomotion environment in the MLF group decreased endurance-like tolerance and did not alter citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or lactate levels. The MLF treatment promoted a pro-oxidant effect, altering the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway and increasing Hsp70 levels, leading to a poorly-regulated glutathione system. Lastly, we demonstrated that exercise could modulate major metabolic responses in Drosophila melanogaster aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, associated with apoptosis and cellular redox balance maintenance in an emergent exercise model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratory Human and Animal Bio Health, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza, PR, CEP 85770-000, Brazil
| | | | - Stéphanie Perreira Torres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Franciéle Romero Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil.
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Korczyńska J, Szczuka A, Urzykowska J, Kochanowski M, Andrzejczyk NG, Piwowarek KJ, Godzińska EJ. The Effects of Ethanol and Acetic acid on Behaviour of Extranidal Workers of the Narrow-Headed Ant Formica exsecta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) during a Field Experiment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2734. [PMID: 37684998 PMCID: PMC10486794 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol addiction belongs to the most important problems encountered in the domain of human mental health. The research on the behavioural effects of exposure to/consumption of ethanol are investigated largely with the help of animal models that also include insects, mainly fruit flies and honeybees. The effects of ethanol on ant behaviour remain, however, little known. In the present field study, we investigated the behaviour of workers of the narrow-headed ant (Formica exsecta) displayed in the vicinity of cotton pads soaked in water or in water solutions of ethanol or acetic acid during 5 min tests (n = 30 tests in each group). Both ethanol and acetic acid induced significant modifications of ant locomotion, exploratory behaviour, self-grooming behaviour, and aggressive social behaviour. We confirmed that acetic acid is aversive for the ants, but ethanol enhances their exploratory behaviour. We also found out that field studies may document more types of responses to experimental compounds than laboratory ones, as the tested animals may also escape from aversive substances. Our findings documented a wide spectrum of behavioural effects of exposure to ethanol and acetic acid in a highly social animal species and broadened the general knowledge about behavioural responses to these compounds encountered in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Korczyńska
- Laboratory of Ethology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Ludwika Pasteura 3, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.); (J.U.)
| | - Anna Szczuka
- Laboratory of Ethology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Ludwika Pasteura 3, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.); (J.U.)
| | - Julia Urzykowska
- Laboratory of Ethology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Ludwika Pasteura 3, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.); (J.U.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Ilji Miecznikowa 1, PL 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kochanowski
- Botanic Garden, University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, PL 00-478 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Neptun Gabriela Andrzejczyk
- Laboratory of Ethology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Ludwika Pasteura 3, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.); (J.U.)
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Ilji Miecznikowa 1, PL 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (N.G.A.); (K.J.P.)
| | - Kacper Jerzy Piwowarek
- Laboratory of Ethology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Ludwika Pasteura 3, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.); (J.U.)
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Ilji Miecznikowa 1, PL 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (N.G.A.); (K.J.P.)
| | - Ewa Joanna Godzińska
- Laboratory of Ethology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Ludwika Pasteura 3, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.); (J.U.)
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5
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Amanullah A, Arzoo S, Aslam A, Qureshi IW, Hussain M. Inbreeding-Driven Innate Behavioral Changes in Drosophila melanogaster. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:926. [PMID: 37508357 PMCID: PMC10376054 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has long been used to demonstrate the effect of inbreeding, particularly in relation to reproductive fitness and stress tolerance. In comparison, less attention has been given to exploring the influence of inbreeding on the innate behavior of D. melanogaster. In this study, multiple replicates of six different types of crosses were set in pair conformation of the laboratory-maintained wild-type D. melanogaster. This resulted in progeny with six different levels of inbreeding coefficients. Larvae and adult flies of varied inbreeding coefficients were subjected to different behavioral assays. In addition to the expected inbreeding depression in the-egg to-adult viability, noticeable aberrations were observed in the crawling and phototaxis behaviors of larvae. Negative geotactic behavior as well as positive phototactic behavior of the flies were also found to be adversely affected with increasing levels of inbreeding. Interestingly, positively phototactic inbred flies demonstrated improved learning compared to outbred flies, potentially the consequence of purging. Flies with higher levels of inbreeding exhibited a delay in the manifestation of aggression and courtship. In summary, our findings demonstrate that inbreeding influences the innate behaviors in D. melanogaster, which in turn may affect the overall biological fitness of the flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Amanullah
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Arzoo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Aslam
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Waqar Qureshi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Fly Research Lab and Stock Center, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 75330, Pakistan
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6
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Barreto Meichtry L, Silva da Silva G, Londero L, Munir Mustafa Dahleh M, Cardoso Bortolotto V, Machado Araujo S, Aparecida Musachio E, Trivisiol da Silva D, Emanuelli T, Ricardo Sigal Carriço M, Roehrs R, Petri Guerra G, Prigol M. Exposure to trans fat during the developmental period ofDrosophila melanogasteralters the composition of fatty acids in the head and induces depression-like behavior. Neuroscience 2023; 519:10-22. [PMID: 36933760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of understanding the disorders caused by trans fatty acids (TFAs), this study sought to add different concentrations hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) to the diet of Drosophila melanogaster during the developmental period and evaluate the effects on neurobehavioral parameters. Longevity, hatching rate, and behavioral functions were assessed, such as negative geotaxis, forced swimming, light/dark, mating, and aggressiveness. The fatty acids (FAs) present in the heads of the flies were quantified as well as serotonin (5HT) and dopamine (DA) levels. Our findings showed that flies that received HVF at all concentrations during development showed reduced longevity and hatching rates, in addition to increased depression-like, anxious-like, anhedonia-like, and aggressive behaviors. As for the biochemical parameters, there was a more significant presence of TFA in flies exposed to HVF at all concentrations evaluated and lower 5HT and DA levels. This study shows that HVF during the developmental phase can cause neurological changes and consequently induce behavioral disorders, thereby highlighting the importance of the type of FA offered in the early stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Guilherme Silva da Silva
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Larissa Londero
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Elize Aparecida Musachio
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Dariane Trivisiol da Silva
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, CEP 97105-900
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, CEP 97105-900
| | - Murilo Ricardo Sigal Carriço
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, Brazil, CEP 97501-970
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, Brazil, CEP 97501-970
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa - Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui - Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, CEP 97650-000.
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Rivi V, Benatti C, Rigillo G, Blom JMC. Invertebrates as models of learning and memory: investigating neural and molecular mechanisms. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb244844. [PMID: 36719249 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Commentary, we shed light on the use of invertebrates as model organisms for understanding the causal and conserved mechanisms of learning and memory. We provide a condensed chronicle of the contribution offered by mollusks to the studies on how and where the nervous system encodes and stores memory and describe the rich cognitive capabilities of some insect species, including attention and concept learning. We also discuss the use of planarians for investigating the dynamics of memory during brain regeneration and highlight the role of stressful stimuli in forming memories. Furthermore, we focus on the increasing evidence that invertebrates display some forms of emotions, which provides new opportunities for unveiling the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interaction between stress, emotions and cognition. In doing so, we highlight experimental challenges and suggest future directions that we expect the field to take in the coming years, particularly regarding what we, as humans, need to know for preventing and/or delaying memory loss. This article has an associated ECR Spotlight interview with Veronica Rivi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rivi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rigillo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Joan M C Blom
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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8
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Gowda SB, Banu A, Salim S, Peker KA, Mohammad F. Serotonin distinctly controls behavioral states in restrained and freely moving Drosophila. iScience 2022; 26:105886. [PMID: 36654863 PMCID: PMC9840979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When trapped in a physical restraint, animals must select an escape strategy to increase their chances of survival. After falling into an inescapable trap, they react with stereotypical behaviors that differ from those displayed in escapable situations. Such behaviors involve either a wriggling response to unlock the trap or feigning death to fend off a predator attack. The neural mechanisms that regulate animal behaviors have been well characterized for escapable situations but not for inescapable traps. We report that restrained vinegar flies exhibit alternating flailing and immobility to free themselves from the trap. We used optogenetics and intersectional genetic approaches to show that, while broader serotonin activation promotes immobility, serotonergic cells in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) regulate immobility states majorly via 5-HT7 receptors. Restrained and freely moving locomotor states are controlled by distinct mechanisms. Taken together, our study has identified serotonergic switches of the VNC that promote environment-specific adaptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha B.M. Gowda
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Ayesha Banu
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Safa Salim
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | | | - Farhan Mohammad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar,Corresponding author
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9
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Hibicke M, Nichols CD. Validation of the forced swim test in Drosophila, and its use to demonstrate psilocybin has long-lasting antidepressant-like effects in flies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10019. [PMID: 35705666 PMCID: PMC9200711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin has been shown to be a powerful, long-lasting antidepressant in human clinical trials and in rodent models. Although rodents have commonly been used to model psychiatric disorders, Drosophila have neurotransmitter systems similar to mammals and many comparable brain structures involved in similar behaviors. The forced swim test (FST), which has been used extensively to evaluate compounds for antidepressant efficacy, has recently been adapted for Drosophila. The fly FST has potential to be a cost-effective, high-throughput assay for evaluating potential antidepressants. For this study we pharmacologically validated the fly FST using methamphetamine, DL-α-methyltyrosine, and the antidepressant citalopram. While methamphetamine and DL-α-methyltyrosine altered overall locomotor activity in the Drosophila Activity Monitor System (DAMS), they had no significant impact on measures of immobility in the FST. Conversely, chronic citalopram decreased measures of immobility in the FST in both sexes without increasing DAMS activity. We used the validated FST to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of high (3.5 mM) and low (0.03 mM) doses of psilocybin. Both doses of psilocybin significantly reduced measures of immobility in male flies, but not females. 0.03 mM had an effect size comparable to chronic citalopram, and 3.5 mM had an effect size approximately twice that of chronic citalopram.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hibicke
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - C D Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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10
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Sheardown E, Mech AM, Petrazzini MEM, Leggieri A, Gidziela A, Hosseinian S, Sealy IM, Torres-Perez JV, Busch-Nentwich EM, Malanchini M, Brennan CH. Translational relevance of forward genetic screens in animal models for the study of psychiatric disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104559. [PMID: 35124155 PMCID: PMC9016269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders represent a significant burden in our societies. Despite the convincing evidence pointing at gene and gene-environment interaction contributions, the role of genetics in the etiology of psychiatric disease is still poorly understood. Forward genetic screens in animal models have helped elucidate causal links. Here we discuss the application of mutagenesis-based forward genetic approaches in common animal model species: two invertebrates, nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and fruit flies (Drosophila sp.); and two vertebrates, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and mice (Mus musculus), in relation to psychiatric disease. We also discuss the use of large scale genomic studies in human populations. Despite the advances using data from human populations, animal models coupled with next-generation sequencing strategies are still needed. Although with its own limitations, zebrafish possess characteristics that make them especially well-suited to forward genetic studies exploring the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sheardown
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Aleksandra M Mech
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | | | - Adele Leggieri
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Agnieszka Gidziela
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Saeedeh Hosseinian
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Ian M Sealy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose V Torres-Perez
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Margherita Malanchini
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Caroline H Brennan
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK.
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11
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Couto SDF, Araujo SM, Bortolotto VC, Dahleh MMM, Musachio EAS, Pinheiro FC, Romio LC, do Sacramento M, Alves D, Prigol M. Effectiveness of 7-chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline in improving learning, short-term memory, and anxiety-like behaviors in a mimetic model of Parkinson's disease in Drosophila melanogaster. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04011e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential of 4-PSQ on psychomotor and non-motor behaviors of PD, such as spontaneous locomotor activity, learning, memory, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanda de Freitas Couto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas – LaftamBio Pampa – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas – LaftamBio Pampa – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas – LaftamBio Pampa – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas – LaftamBio Pampa – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas – LaftamBio Pampa – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Franciane Cabral Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas – LaftamBio Pampa – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Leugim Corteze Romio
- Departamento de Matemática – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Manoela do Sacramento
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA) – Universidade Federal de Pelotas – Campus Universitário, S/N – Prédio/Bloco: 30 e 32, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA) – Universidade Federal de Pelotas – Campus Universitário, S/N – Prédio/Bloco: 30 e 32, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas – LaftamBio Pampa – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição – Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Itaqui – Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n – Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
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12
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Epiney DG, Salameh C, Cassidy D, Zhou LT, Kruithof J, Milutinović R, Andreani TS, Schirmer AE, Bolterstein E. Characterization of Stress Responses in a Drosophila Model of Werner Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1868. [PMID: 34944512 PMCID: PMC8699552 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As organisms age, their resistance to stress decreases while their risk of disease increases. This can be shown in patients with Werner syndrome (WS), which is a genetic disease characterized by accelerated aging along with increased risk of cancer and metabolic disease. WS is caused by mutations in WRN, a gene involved in DNA replication and repair. Recent research has shown that WRN mutations contribute to multiple hallmarks of aging including genomic instability, telomere attrition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, questions remain regarding the onset and effect of stress on early aging. We used a fly model of WS (WRNexoΔ) to investigate stress response during different life stages and found that stress sensitivity varies according to age and stressor. While larvae and young WRNexoΔ adults are not sensitive to exogenous oxidative stress, high antioxidant activity suggests high levels of endogenous oxidative stress. WRNexoΔ adults are sensitive to stress caused by elevated temperature and starvation suggesting abnormalities in energy storage and a possible link to metabolic dysfunction in WS patients. We also observed higher levels of sleep in aged WRNexoΔ adults suggesting an additional adaptive mechanism to protect against age-related stress. We suggest that stress response in WRNexoΔ is multifaceted and evokes a systemic physiological response to protect against cellular damage. These data further validate WRNexoΔ flies as a WS model with which to study mechanisms of early aging and provide a foundation for development of treatments for WS and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G. Epiney
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Charlotte Salameh
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Deirdre Cassidy
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Luhan T. Zhou
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Joshua Kruithof
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Rolan Milutinović
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Tomas S. Andreani
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Aaron E. Schirmer
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Elyse Bolterstein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
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13
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The Fly Homologue of MFSD11 Is Possibly Linked to Nutrient Homeostasis and Has a Potential Role in Locomotion: A First Characterization of the Atypical Solute Carrier CG18549 in Drosophila Melanogaster. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12111024. [PMID: 34821824 PMCID: PMC8621210 DOI: 10.3390/insects12111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The body is dependent on nutrients and ions to work normally. Within the hu-man body there is a group of proteins named transporters or solute carriers. These transporters are vital for the transport of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fats, as well as ions such as sodium, calcium, and potassium. Despite being vital for normal physiology, as well as pathophysiology, a large number (approximately one third) of the transporters are orphans, where information about their expression and function is missing. Here, we aimed to begin to unravel the expression and function of one of these orphan transporters, MFSD11, by studying its orthologue in fruit flies (CG18549). We found that the fly orthologue is expressed in the brain of fruit flies and that it is possibly involved in metabolism and/or locomotion of the flies. The exact mechanism behind the observed behaviors is not fully understood, but our study provides new insights into the expression and function of CG18549. Clearly, these results, among others about the orphan transporters, provide a strong example as to why it is vital to fully characterize them and through that gain knowledge about the body during normal condition and disease. Abstract Cellular transport and function are dependent on substrate influx and efflux of various compounds. In humans, the largest superfamily of transporters is the SoLute Carriers (SLCs). Many transporters are orphans and little to nothing is known about their expression and/or function, yet they have been assigned to a cluster called atypical SLCs. One of these atypical SLCs is MFSD11. Here we present a first in-depth characterization of the MFSD11, CG18549. By gene expression and behavior analysis on ubiquitous and brain-specific knockdown flies. CG18549 knockdown flies were found to have altered adipokinetic hormone and adipokinteic hormone receptor expression as well as reduced vesicular monoamine transporter expression; to exhibit an altered locomotor behavior, and to have an altered reaction to stress stimuli. Furthermore, the gene expression of CG18549 in the brain was visualized and abundant expression in both the larvae and adult brain was observed, a result that is coherent with the FlyAtlas Anatomy microarray. The exact mechanism behind the observed behaviors is not fully understood, but this study provides new insights into the expression and function of CG18549. Clearly, these results provide a strong example as to why it is vital to fully characterize orphan transporters and through that gain knowledge about the body during normal condition and disease.
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14
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A pair of dopamine neurons mediate chronic stress signals to induce learning deficit in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023674118. [PMID: 34654742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023674118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress could induce severe cognitive impairments. Despite extensive investigations in mammalian models, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that chronic stress could induce dramatic learning and memory deficits in Drosophila melanogaster The chronic stress-induced learning deficit (CSLD) is long lasting and associated with other depression-like behaviors. We demonstrated that excessive dopaminergic activity provokes susceptibility to CSLD. Remarkably, a pair of PPL1-γ1pedc dopaminergic neurons that project to the mushroom body (MB) γ1pedc compartment play a key role in regulating susceptibility to CSLD so that stress-induced PPL1-γ1pedc hyperactivity facilitates the development of CSLD. Consistently, the mushroom body output neurons (MBON) of the γ1pedc compartment, MBON-γ1pedc>α/β neurons, are important for modulating susceptibility to CSLD. Imaging studies showed that dopaminergic activity is necessary to provoke the development of chronic stress-induced maladaptations in the MB network. Together, our data support that PPL1-γ1pedc mediates chronic stress signals to drive allostatic maladaptations in the MB network that lead to CSLD.
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15
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Pütz SM, Kram J, Rauh E, Kaiser S, Toews R, Lueningschroer-Wang Y, Rieger D, Raabe T. Loss of p21-activated kinase Mbt/PAK4 causes Parkinson-like phenotypes in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm047811. [PMID: 34125184 PMCID: PMC8246267 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) provokes bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and postural instability, and also non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep and cognitive impairments. Similar phenotypes can be induced in Drosophila melanogaster through modification of PD-relevant genes or the administration of PD-inducing toxins. Recent studies correlated deregulation of human p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) with PD, leaving open the question of a causative relationship of mutations in this gene for manifestation of PD symptoms. To determine whether flies lacking the PAK4 homolog Mushroom bodies tiny (Mbt) show PD-like phenotypes, we tested for a variety of PD criteria. Here, we demonstrate that mbt mutant flies show PD-like phenotypes including age-dependent movement deficits, reduced life expectancy and fragmented sleep. They also react to a stressful situation with higher immobility, indicating an influence of Mbt on emotional behavior. Loss of Mbt function has a negative effect on the number of dopaminergic protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) neurons, most likely caused by a proliferation defect of neural progenitors. The age-dependent movement deficits are not accompanied by a corresponding further loss of PAM neurons. Previous studies highlighted the importance of a small PAM subgroup for age-dependent PD motor impairments. We show that impaired motor skills are caused by a lack of Mbt in this PAM subgroup. In addition, a broader re-expression of Mbt in PAM neurons improves life expectancy. Conversely, selective Mbt knockout in the same cells shortens lifespan. We conclude that mutations in Mbt/PAK4 can play a causative role in the development of PD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Pütz
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jette Kram
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Rauh
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Kaiser
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Romy Toews
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yi Lueningschroer-Wang
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Rieger
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Raabe
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Araujo SM, Bortolotto VC, Poetini MR, Dahleh MMM, Couto SDF, Pinheiro FC, Meichtry LB, Musachio EAS, Ramborger BP, Roehrs R, Guerra GP, Prigol M. γ-Oryzanol produces an antidepressant-like effect in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in Drosophila melanogaster. Stress 2021; 24:282-293. [PMID: 32723199 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1790519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a valid model for inducing depression-like symptoms in animal models, causing predictive behavioral, neurochemical, and physiological responses to this condition. This work aims to evaluate the possible antidepressant effect of γ-oryzanol (ORY) in the CUMS-induced depressive model in male Drosophila melanogaster. We will use the CUMS protocol to continue the study previously conducted by our research group, mimicking a depressive state in these insects. Male flies were subjected to various stressors according to a 10-day randomized schedule and concomitantly treated with ORY or fluoxetine (FLX). After the experimental period, in vivo behavioral tests were performed (open field, forced swimming, aggressiveness test, mating test, male virility, sucrose preference index and light/dark test) and ex vivo analyses measuring serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), octopamine (OCT) levels and body weight. We report here that ORY-treated flies and concomitant exposure to CUMS did not exhibit obvious behaviors such as prolonged immobility or increased aggressive behavior, reduced male mating and virility behavior, and anxiolytic behavior, in contrast to ORY, not altering sucrose preference and body weight flies exposed to CUMS. ORY effectively prevented 5HT and OCT reduction and partially protected against DA reduction. The data presented here are consistent and provide evidence for the use of ORY as a potential antidepressant compound.Lay SummaryFlies treated with ORY and concomitant exposure to CUMS did not exhibit obvious depressive-like behaviors, such as prolonged immobility in the FST or increased aggressive behavior, or reduced mating behavior, male virility, or anxiolytic behavior. ORY did not change the preference for sucrose and body weight of flies, about the levels of monoamines in the heads of flies, ORY was effective in preventing the reduction of 5HT and OCT, and we had partial protection of ORY for reducing the levels of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rósula Poetini
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Shanda de Freitas Couto
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Franciane Cabral Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Bruna Piaia Ramborger
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Teaching Practice, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Teaching Practice, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactives Molecules - LaftamBio, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
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17
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Ramos-Hryb AB, Ramirez MF, Lino-de-Oliveira C, Pagani MR. Stress-mediated hyperactivity and anhedonia resistant to diazepam and fluoxetine in drosophila. Stress 2021; 24:96-106. [PMID: 32319840 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1759547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Distresses may induce behavioral phenotypes constituting heuristic models for psychopharmacology studies. In several species, including Drosophila, antidepressants counteract stress-induced phenotypes allowing the use of these models to test new psychoactive drugs. Here, we developed a novel and time-efficient protocol to provoke stress-induced phenotypes in Drosophila for the study of psychopharmacological agents. In the first experiment, flies (n = 12/groups) were exposed to a random-sequence of different types of stresses during nearly 24 h (including social isolation, fasting, heat, and electric shock), a protocol named short-term variable stress (SVS). Second, flies were exposed to a single stressful stimulus (social isolation, fasting, heat shock or electric shock, n = 12/groups). Next, flies submitted to SVS protocol were treated with vehicle, diazepam or fluoxetine (n = 12/groups). At the end of the stress protocols, behavioral phenotypes were evaluated in the open field (OF) and sucrose preference tests. In comparison to the unstressed group, flies exposed to SVS exhibited hyperactivity, as well as shorter times exploring the boundaries of the OF. In contrast to fasting stress, SVS reduced sucrose preference in flies. By analyzing the effects of individual stimuli on fly behavior, fasting and electric shock appear to be the predominant influences on the SVS-induced behaviors. Although fluoxetine or diazepam reduced the initial locomotor activity of flies, no treatment prevented the sequelae of SVS. Altogether, this study provides a time-efficient model system for the study of stress-mediated hyperactivity and anhedonia-like state resistant to fluoxetine and diazepam. The applications of SVS in Drosophila to preclinical psychopharmacology require further studies. LAY SUMMARY Exposition to unpredictable stress plays a significant role in psychiatric disorder's onset. Behavioral traits of these disorders can be partially modeled in rodents aimed at developing psychopharmacological therapies. However, studies in rodents were questioned by ethical issues. Focused on 3Rs principles, we developed a preclinical model for stress and psychopharmacology research in Drosophila. Variable stress induced behavioral alterations, including hyperlocomotion and reduced preference for sucrose in flies. However, behavioral alterations were resistant to fluoxetine and diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Ramos-Hryb
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Postgraduation Program in Pharmacology, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauro Federico Ramirez
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cilene Lino-de-Oliveira
- Postgraduation Program in Pharmacology, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mario Rafael Pagani
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Rasti AR, Coombe VE, Muzik JR, Kliethermes CL. Pharmacological characterization of the forced swim test in Drosophila melanogaster. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 33170389 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-020-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The forced swim test is commonly used as a preclinical screen of antidepressant medication efficacy in rats and mice. Neckameyer and Nieto-Romero (Stress 18:254-66, 2015) adopted the forced swim test for use with the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and showed that behavior in this test is sensitive to several physiologically relevant stressors. However, whether this test might be sensitive to the effects of antidepressant medications or other compounds is unknown. In the current studies, we fed drugs to male and female flies that we expected to either decrease or increase the duration of immobility in the forced swim test, including fluoxetine, desipramine, picrotoxin, reserpine, 3-iodo-tyrosine, and ethanol. Fluoxetine was the only drug tested that affected behavior in this test, and surprisingly, the direction of the effect depended on the duration of feeding. Short-term (30 min) feeding of the drug prior to test resulted in the expected increase in latency to immobility, while a longer feeding duration (20-24 h) decreased this measure. These results suggest that the pharmacological profile of the fly FST is more restricted than that of the rat or mouse FST, and that the duration of drug exposure is an important consideration in pharmacological research using flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryana R Rasti
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Drake University, 318 Olin Hall, 1344 27th Street, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | - Victoria E Coombe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Drake University, 318 Olin Hall, 1344 27th Street, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | - Jerica R Muzik
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Drake University, 318 Olin Hall, 1344 27th Street, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | - Christopher L Kliethermes
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Drake University, 318 Olin Hall, 1344 27th Street, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA.
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19
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Meichtry LB, Poetini MR, Dahleh MMM, Araujo SM, Musachio EAS, Bortolotto VC, de Freitas Couto S, Somacal S, Emanuelli T, Gayer MC, Roehrs R, Guerra GP, Prigol M. Addition of Saturated and Trans-fatty Acids to the Diet Induces Depressive and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster. Neuroscience 2020; 443:164-175. [PMID: 32738432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of saturated fat and hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) to the diet on depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were exposed to experimental diets: regular diet (RD), or HVF in the concentrations of the substitute (SHVF), HVF 10% and HVF 20%, or Lard (L) in the concentrations of the substitute (SL), L 10% and L 20%, during seven days. Our results showed that flies fed with the HVF diet presented similar behaviors to depression, anxiety, and a higher number of aggressive events. Flies exposed to L showed only depressive-like behavior. Regarding serotonin levels (5HT), there was a significant reduction in the flies exposed to SHVF, HVF 10%, HVF 20%, and L 20%. Regarding the levels of octopamine (OA), there was a significant reduction in the flies exposed to both HVF and L rich diets when compared with the RD group. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between 5HT or OA levels and behaviors of aggressiveness, negative geotaxis, immobility time, light/dark, and grooming in the flies. This study shows that D. melanogaster can serve as a valuable model for understanding psychiatric disorders and that the type of fatty acid (FA) offered in the diet can influence these disorders. This demonstrates the importance of the composition of the FAs in the neural pathways, being able to influence the signaling of neurotransmitters, such as 5HT and OA, and thus, cause behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rósula Poetini
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Shanda de Freitas Couto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Cristofari Gayer
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Uruguaiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), BR-472 Km 7, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Bairro: Promorar, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97650-000, Brazil.
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Belenioti M, Chaniotakis N. Aggressive Behaviour of Drosophila suzukii in Relation to Environmental and Social Factors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7898. [PMID: 32398716 PMCID: PMC7217943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression plays a crucial role in survival all across the animal kingdom. In this study, we investigate the aggressive behaviour of Drosophila suzukii, a known agricultural pest. Bioassays were performed between same sex pairs and the effect of environmental (food deprivation, sex, age and photophase) and social factors (non-social and social). Initially the inter-male and inter-female aggression was determined ethologically consisting of several behaviour patterns. Two hours starvation period increase locomotor activity of flies, promoting increased aggressive behaviour. Most of the behavioural patterns were common between males and females with a few sex-selective. Number of male encounters was higher in flies held in isolation than in those that had been reared with siblings whereas in case of females, only those that were isolated exhibited increased aggression. Females and males D. suzukii that were 4-day-old were more aggressive. In addition it is found that on the 3rd hour after the beginning of photophase, regardless of age, both males and females rise to high intensity aggression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belenioti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Chaniotakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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Towarnicki SG, Kok LM, Ballard JWO. Yin and Yang of mitochondrial ROS in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 122:104022. [PMID: 32045573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we test the hypothesis that Drosophila larvae producing mildly elevated levels of endogenous mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) benefit in stressful environmental conditions due to the priming of antioxidant responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a by-product of oxidative phosphorylation and may be elevated when mutations decrease the efficiency of ATP production. In moderation, ROS are necessary for cell signaling and organismal health, but in excess can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids. We utilize two Drosophila melanogaster strains (Dahomey and Alstonville) that share the same nuclear genetic background but differ in their mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Previously, we reported that Dahomey larvae harboring the V161L ND4 mtDNA mutation have reduced proton pumping and higher levels of mitochondrial ROS than Alstonville larvae when they are fed a 1:2 protein: carbohydrate (P:C) diet. Here, we explore the potential for mitochondrial ROS to provide resistance to dietary stressors by feeding larvae 1:2 P:C food supplemented with ethanol or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When fed a diet supplemented with ethanol or H2O2, Dahomey develop more quickly than Alstonville into larger pupae, while Alstonville developed faster on the control. Dahomey larvae displayed higher antioxidant capacity than Alstonville on all diets, with mitochondrial H2O2 levels unchanged after the addition of stressors. Addition of stressors to the diet did not affect the mitochondrial functions of Dahomey larvae as measured by mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory control ratio, or larval survival after bacterial challenge. In contrast, Alstonville larvae developed slower, had lower pupal weight, higher cytosolic H2O2, and had reduced mitochondrial functions. Further, Alstonville larvae fed the ethanol treated diet had lower survival after bacterial infection than those fed the control diet. Surprisingly, they had greater survival when fed diet with H2O2 indicating a mitotype by stressor interaction that influences the immune response. Overall, these data suggest that elevated mitochondrial ROS in Dahomey can result in greater antioxidant capacity that prevents oxidative damage from exogenous stressors and may be a conserved response to high ethanol found in rotting fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Leanne M Kok
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences Maarten Harpertszoon Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Halmenschelager PT, da Rocha JBT. Biochemical CuSO 4 Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Depends on Sex and Developmental Stage of Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:574-585. [PMID: 30178145 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a transition metal that exists in different chemical forms (e.g., Cu2+,Cu+, and Cu0) and at high concentrations it is toxic. Here, we investigated the Cu2+-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster, evaluating the survival, locomotion, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Flies were exposed to Cu2+(0.1-1 mmol CuSO4/kg of diet or approximately 0.1-1 mM Cu2+) and allowed to mate during 24 h. GST and AChE enzymes were evaluated in the larvae and in the head and the body (thorax + abdomen) of the adult male and females flies. The total number of adult females (0.4-1 mM) and males (0.75 and 1 mM) was decreased by CuSO4. The climbing ability was hampered in flies exposed to 1 mM Cu2+. In larvae, Cu2+(0.4-1 mM) increased AChE activity (P < 0.002). In males' heads, 0.4 mM Cu2+ increased the AChE activity (P < 0.01). In adults' bodies, Cu2+inhibited the activity in both sexes, but with greater effectiveness in males (0.1 to 1 mM) than in females (1 mM). Regarding GST activity, 0.1 mM Cu2+increased, but 1 mM decrease GST in larvae. In the head of flies, Cu2+decreased the GST activity at intermediate (0.4 mM) and increased GST at the highest concentration (1 mM) in males. In the bodies, the effect of Cu2+was similar. In conclusion, Cu2+exposure in D. melanogaster disrupted locomotion and enzymatic parameters that can be related to changes in AChE and in the detoxifying GST enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tais Halmenschelager
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Araujo SM, Poetini MR, Bortolotto VC, de Freitas Couto S, Pinheiro FC, Meichtry LB, de Almeida FP, Santos Musachio EA, de Paula MT, Prigol M. Chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behavior and dysregulation of brain levels of biogenic amines in Drosophila melanogaster. Behav Brain Res 2018; 351:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Absence of Stress Response in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus in Modulator of Apoptosis 1-Deficient Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2185-2201. [PMID: 30003515 PMCID: PMC6394635 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a Bcl-2-associated X Protein (BAX)-associating protein that plays an important role in regulating apoptosis. It is highly enriched in the brain but its function in this organ remains unknown. Studies on BAX-/- mice suggested that disruption of programmed cell death may lead to abnormal emotional states. We thus hypothesize that MOAP-1-/- mice may also display stress-related behavioral differences and perhaps involved in stress responses in the brain and investigated if a depression-like trait exists in MOAP-1-/- mice, and if so, whether it is age related, and how it relates to central serotonergic stress response in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Young MOAP-1-/- mice exhibit depression-like behavior, in the form of increased immobility time when compared to age-matched wild-type mice in the forced swimming test, which is abolished by acute treatment of fluoxetine. This is supported by data from the tail suspension and sucrose preference tests. Repeated forced swimming stress causes an up-regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and a down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in young wild-type (WT) control mice. In contrast, TPH2 up-regulation was not observed in aged WT mice. Interestingly, such a stress response appears absent in both young and aged MOAP-1-/- mice. Aged MOAP-1-/- and WT mice also have similar immobility times on the forced swimming test. These data suggest that MOAP-1 is required in the regulation of stress response in the DRN. Crosstalk between BDNF and 5-HT appears to play an important role in this stress response.
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25
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Sekhon ML, Lamina O, Hogan KE, Kliethermes CL. Common genes regulate food and ethanol intake in Drosophila. Alcohol 2016; 53:27-34. [PMID: 27286934 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The abuse liability of alcohol (ethanol) is believed to result in part from its actions on neurobiological substrates that underlie the motivation toward food and other natural reinforcers, and a growing body of evidence indicates that these substrates are broadly conserved among animal phyla. Understanding the extent to which the substrates regulating ethanol and food intake overlap is an important step toward developing therapeutics that selectively reduce ethanol intake. In the current experiments, we measured food and ethanol intake in Recombinant Inbred (RI) lines of Drosophila melanogaster using several assays, and then calculated genetic correlations to estimate the degree to which common genes might underlie behavior in these assays. We found that food intake and ethanol intake as measured in the capillary assay are genetically correlated traits in D. melanogaster, as well as in a panel of 11 Drosophila species that we tested subsequently. RI line differences in food intake in a dyed food assay were genetically unrelated to ethanol intake in the capillary assay or to ethanol preference measured using an olfactory trap apparatus. Using publicly available gene expression data, we found that expression profiles across the RI lines of a number of genes (including the D2-like dopamine receptor, DOPA decarboxylase, and fruitless) correlated with the RI line differences in food and ethanol intake we measured, while the expression profiles of other genes, including NPF, and the NPF and 5-HT2 receptors, correlated only with ethanol intake or preference. Our results suggest that food and ethanol intake are regulated by some common genes in Drosophila, but that other genes regulate ethanol intake independently of food intake. These results have implications toward the development of therapeutics that preferentially reduce ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Sekhon
- Drake University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Omoteniola Lamina
- Drake University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Kerry E Hogan
- Drake University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Des Moines, IA, USA
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is an incredibly versatile organism capable of both innate and higher-order behaviors. These behaviors offer not only a way to assay whether or not the animal is physiologically compromised (e.g., feeding, locomotion), but also serve to assess changes in centrally mediated functions. Here we describe several high throughput, reproducible, yet inexpensive and facile behavioral assays for both larval and adult Drosophila. The larval assays all employ an agar substrate in a petri dish; the adult assays are grouped into "vial-based" and "arena-based" paradigms. While these protocols are largely designed to assess individual animals, they are sufficiently rapid that ample numbers can be tested to determine behavioral significance. Importantly, this also allows for one to control for reproductive status, age, and sex, since these factors all have a significant impact on adult behaviors. In general, it is best to designate a dedicated area for any assay, so that lighting conditions are consistent, and all animals should be tested at roughly the same time each day to minimize circadian fluctuations. Temperature and humidity should also be maintained at a constant level to minimize variability in the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi S Neckameyer
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Parag Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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