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Boi M, Demontis R, Isola M, Isola R, Loy F, Serra MP, Trucas M, Ekström J, Quartu M. The human major sublingual gland and its neuropeptidergic and nitrergic innervations. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152291. [PMID: 38821428 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND What textbooks usually call the sublingual gland in humans is in reality a tissue mass of two types of salivary glands, the anteriorly located consisting of a cluster of minor sublingual glands and the posteriorly located major sublingual gland with its outlet via Bartholin's duct. Only recently, the adrenergic and cholinergic innervations of the major sublingual gland was reported, while information regarding the neuropeptidergic and nitrergic innervations is still lacking. METHODS Bioptic and autoptic specimens of the human major sublingual gland were examined by means of immunohistochemistry for the presence of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, substance P (SP)-, calcitonin gene related-peptide (CGRP)-, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-labeled neuronal structures. RESULTS As to the neuropeptidergic innervation of secretory cells (here in the form of mucous tubular and seromucous cells), the findings showed many VIP-containing nerves, few NPY- and SP-containing nerves and a lack of CGRP-labeled nerves. As to the neuropeptidergic innervation of vessels, the number of VIP-containing nerves was modest, while, of the other neuropeptide-containing nerves under study, only few (SP and CGRP) to very few (NPY) nerves were observed. As to the nitrergic innervation, nNOS-containing nerves were very few close to secretory cells and even absent around vessels. CONCLUSION The various innervation patterns may suggest potential transmission mechanisms involved in secretory and vascular responses of the major sublingual gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Legal Medicine Division ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Marcello Trucas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Jörgen Ekström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 13, Box 431, Göteborg 40530, Sweden
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
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Nishitani T, Mitoh Y, Yajima T, Tachiya D, Hoshika T, Fukunaga T, Nishitani Y, Yoshida R, Mizoguchi I, Ichikawa H, Sato T. Distribution of alpha-synuclein in rat salivary glands. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2933-2946. [PMID: 38284507 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Expression of alpha-synuclein (Syn), a presynaptic neuronal protein, was immunohistochemically examined in intact rat submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands. The submandibular gland contained abundant periductal Syn-immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers. Abundant Syn-ir varicosities were present in acini of the sublingual and serous lingual glands. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, Syn-ir nerve fibers around smooth muscle actin (SMA)-ir cells alone were infrequent; however, those around aquaporin-5 (AQP5)-ir cells alone and both SMA- and AQP5-ir cells were abundant in the sublingual and serous lingual glands. SMA-ir cells were occasionally immunoreactive for toll-like receptor 4, a Syn receptor. Syn-ir nerve fibers contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the submandibular gland and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in all examined salivary glands. In the superior cervical (SCG), submandibular, and intralingual ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons co-expressed Syn with TH and ChAT, respectively. SCG neurons innervating the submandibular gland contained mostly Syn. In the thoracic spinal cord, 14.7% of ChAT-ir preganglionic sympathetic neurons co-expressed Syn. In the superior salivatory nucleus, preganglionic parasympathetic neurons projecting to the lingual nerve co-expressed Syn and ChAT. The present findings indicate that released Syn acts on myoepithelial cells. Syn in pre- and post-ganglionic neurons may regulate neurotransmitter release and salivary volume and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiko Nishitani
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mitoh
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hoshika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukunaga
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshida
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Loy F, Serra MP, Boi M, Isola R, Ekström J, Quartu M. Tyrosine-hydroxylase, dopamine β-hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive fibres in the human major sublingual gland. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104571. [PMID: 31586907 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the innervation of the major sublingual gland by means of immunohistochemistry. DESIGN Bioptic and autoptic specimens of the major sublingual gland of humans were examined for the presence of immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase, on one hand, and choline acetyltransferase, on the other, to indicate adrenergic and cholinergic nerves, respectively. RESULTS Acini and ducts were supplied by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. CONCLUSIONS Mucous and seromucous cells of the human major sublingual glands may respond with secretion not only to parasympathetic activity but also to sympathetic activity. The major sublingual gland is therefore a potential contributor to the mucin secretion recently reported in the literature in response to high sympathetic activity during physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loy
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy.
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy.
| | - Marianna Boi
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy.
| | - Jörgen Ekström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 13, Box 431, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Marina Quartu
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy.
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Hakami Z, Hand AR. Developmental Morphology of the Palatine Glands in Rats: An Electron Microscope Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1820-1833. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Hakami
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Orthodontics; College of Dentistry, Jazan University; Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Arthur R. Hand
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences and Cell Biology; School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut; Farmington Connecticut
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Triantafyllou A, Fletcher D. Comparative histochemistry of posterior lingual salivary glands of mouse. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:57-63. [PMID: 27939450 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Normal posterior deep and superficial salivary glands of tongue were examined in male mice by means of light microscopical histochemistry and neurohistology. Both glands showed acini and simple ducts. Demilunes were present in the superficial gland. Disulphides and neutral mucosubstances occurred in acini and demilunes. Tryptophan staining was seen in acini of the deep gland and demilunes, whereas acid mucosubstances were exclusively localised in the superficial gland. Dehydrogenase activities were widespread. Strong esterase activity occurred throughout the parenchyma of the deep gland and in demilunes; it was variably inhibited by E600, apart from acinar apical regions in the deep gland. Lipase was confined to acini of the deep gland and demilunes. Acid phosphatase staining was similarly localised; it was also seen in periluminal ductal rims of the deep gland, in which ouabain-sensitive Na,K-ATPase was localised basolaterally. Staining for alkaline phosphatase decorated occasional myoepithelial-like arrangements and interstitial capillaries. Acetylcholinesterase was associated with nerve fibres embracing glandular parenchyma. Adrenergic fibres were not seen. The results suggest that the acini of the posterior deep lingual gland secrete neutral glycoproteins, whereas the ducts transport ions and absorb luminal material. The posterior superficial lingual gland mainly secretes acid glycoproteins. Both glands produce lingual lipase, receive cholinergic-type innervation and have inconspicuous myoepithelium.
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Nolte T, Brander-Weber P, Dangler C, Deschl U, Elwell MR, Greaves P, Hailey R, Leach MW, Pandiri AR, Rogers A, Shackelford CC, Spencer A, Tanaka T, Ward JM. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas and Salivary Glands of the Rat and Mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:1S-125S. [PMID: 26973378 PMCID: PMC4765498 DOI: 10.1293/tox.29.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) project is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for nonproliferative and proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for classifying lesions in the digestive system including the salivary glands and the exocrine pancreas of laboratory rats and mice. Most lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature, the diagnostic criteria, and the photomicrographs are also available electronically on the Internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and age related lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test items. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for the digestive system will decrease misunderstandings among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nolte
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an
der Riss, 88397, Germany
- Chairman of the Digestive Tract INHAND Committee
| | - Patricia Brander-Weber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma
AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Dangler
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
Present: Sanofi5 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01740,
USA
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an
der Riss, 88397, Germany
| | - Michael R. Elwell
- Covance Laboratories, Inc. 14500 Avion Parkway, Ste 125,
Chantilly, Virginia 20151, USA
| | - Peter Greaves
- University of Leicester, Department of Cancer Studies and
Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Science Building, Leicester Royal
Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hailey
- GlaxoSmithKline PO Box 14164 Durham, North Carolina 27709,
USA
| | | | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology
Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27709, USA
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. PO Box 12766,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Arlin Rogers
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 274
Tremont Street, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Cynthia C. Shackelford
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology
Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Alnwick Research Centre,
Willowburn Avenue, Alnwick, Northumberland NE66 2JH United Kingdom
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Kwak M, Ghazizadeh S. Analysis of histone H2BGFP retention in mouse submandibular gland reveals actively dividing stem cell populations. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:565-74. [PMID: 25244667 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use histone 2B-green fluorescent protein (H2BGFP) pulse-chase experiments to provide a broad view of population dynamics in salivary gland and to identify the quiescent stem cells that had previously been suggested to reside in the gland. Two transgenic mouse models in which inducible H2BGFP expression was regulated either by keratin (K)14 promoter or by a ubiquitous promoter were generated. The level of fluorescent label in the submandibular gland induced by a pulse of H2BGFP expression was monitored over a period of 18 weeks of chase. Efficient targeting of H2BGFP label to the relatively undifferentiated ductal cells by K14 promoter did not identify a quiescent population of stem cells. Ubiquitous targeting of all ductal cells identified label-retaining cells but these cells were mapped to the more differentiating ductal compartments. Furthermore, they did not display the major characteristics of quiescent stem cells including the undifferentiated phenotype, mobilization in response to injury, and the clonogenicity in culture. Quantitative assessment of H2BGFP loss in various ductal compartments and short-term lineage tracing of K14(+) ductal cells were consistent with the presence of actively dividing pools of stem/progenitor cells in the intercalated ducts and the basal layer of excretory ducts functioning independently during homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kwak
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
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Dapson RW. Accomplishments of the Trustees and laboratory staff of the Biological Stain Commission, 2002-2013. Biotech Histochem 2014; 89:470-9. [PMID: 24665939 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.892634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 12 years from 2002 to 2013, the Trustees and laboratory personnel of the Biological Stain Commission (BSC) can claim many accomplishments. These accomplishments are itemized under 11 categories: continuous publication of the official journal, Biotechnic & Histochemistry; production of four special issues of Biotechnic & Histochemistry devoted to specific dyes or stains; standardization of staining and dye purity; mechanisms of staining and prediction of dye behavior; publication of books or book chapters; effects of fixation and processing on staining; cancer research; immunohistochemistry; BSC Laboratory activities; miscellaneous publications; and administrative accomplishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Dapson
- Dapson & Dapson, LLC , 6951 East AB Avenue, Richland, Michigan 49083
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