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Li K, Collado JT, Marden JA, Pollard AC, Guo S, Tonge PJ, Qu W. Biological Evaluation of d-[ 18F]Fluoroalanine and d-[ 18F]Fluoroalanine- d3 as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Tracers for Bacterial Infection. J Med Chem 2024; 67:13975-13984. [PMID: 39082959 PMCID: PMC11342404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
d-Amino acids such as d-alanine are substrates for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and are selectively taken up by bacteria and not mammalian cells. Consequently, d-amino acid metabolism is an attractive target for antibiotic discovery and the development of bacteria-specific imaging agents. d-Fluoroalanine and the deuterium-labeled analogue fludalanine (MK641) were originally explored as antibiotics by Merck but failed in clinical trials due to unaccepted toxicity. Herein, we synthesized a fluorine-18 labeled d-fluoroalanine, d-3-[18F]fluoroalanine (d-[18F]FAla), and its deuterated analogue, d-3-[18F]fluoroalanine-d3 (d-[18F]FAla-d3), and evaluated their capability to image bacterial infection. Both d-[18F]FAla and d-[18F]FAla-d3 can accumulate up to 0.64-0.78% ID/cc in the infectious area at 15 min postinjection. Despite the reduction of in vivo defluorination not being observed for deuterated 18F-labeled d-fluoroalanine, these radiolabeled d-alanine analogues were able to differentiate bacterial infection from sterile inflammation in a soft-tissue model of S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Li
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Jinnette Tolentino Collado
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Jocelyn A. Marden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Alyssa C. Pollard
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Shuwen Guo
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Peter J. Tonge
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
- PET Research Core, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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2
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Betts HM, Luckett JC, Hill PJ. Pilot Evaluation of S-(3-[ 18F]Fluoropropyl)-D-Homocysteine and O-(2-[ 18F]Fluoroethyl)-D-Tyrosine as Bacteria-Specific Radiotracers for PET Imaging of Infection. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:704-713. [PMID: 38942967 PMCID: PMC11282134 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is currently no ideal radiotracer for imaging bacterial infections. Radiolabelled D-amino acids are promising candidates because they are actively incorporated into the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall, a structural feature which is absent in human cells. This work describes fluorine-18 labelled analogues of D-tyrosine and D-methionine, O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-D-tyrosine (D-[18F]FET) and S-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-D-homocysteine (D-[18F]FPHCys), and their pilot evaluation studies as potential radiotracers for imaging bacterial infection. PROCEDURES D-[18F]FET and D-[18F]FPHCys were prepared in classical fluorination-deprotection reactions, and their uptake in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated over 2 h. Heat killed bacteria were used as controls. A clinically-relevant foreign body model of S. aureus infection was established in Balb/c mice, as well as a sterile foreign body to mimic inflammation. The ex vivo biodistribution of D-[18F]FPHCys in the infected and inflamed mice was evaluated after 1 h, by dissection and gamma counting. The uptake was compared to that of [18F]FDG. RESULTS In vitro uptake of both D-[18F]FET and D-[18F]FPHCys was specific to live bacteria. Uptake was higher in S. aureus than in P. aeruginosa for both radiotracers, and of the two, higher for D-[18F]FPHCys than D-[18F]FET. Blocking experiments with non-radioactive D-[19F]FPHCys confirmed specificity of uptake. In vivo, D-[18F]FPHCys had greater accumulation in S. aureus infection compared with sterile inflammation, which was statistically significant. As anticipated, [18F]FDG showed no significant difference in uptake between infection and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS D-[18F]FPHCys uptake was higher in infected tissues than inflammation, and represents a fluorine-18 labelled D-AA with potential to detect a S. aureus reference strain (Xen29) in vivo. Additional studies are needed to evaluate uptake of this radiotracer in clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Betts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Jeni C Luckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip J Hill
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE17 5RD, UK
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3
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Chen P, Peng Y, Lv G, Xu L, Hua D, Xie M, Lin J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Nonsteroidal 18F-Labeled PET Probes Specifically Targeting Estrogen Receptor α. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3513-3524. [PMID: 38867453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α positive (ERα+) subtype represents nearly 70% of all breast cancers (BCs), which seriously threaten women's health. Positron emission computed tomography (PET) characterizes its superiority in detecting the recurrence and metastasis of BC. In this article, an array of novel PET probes ([18F]R-1, [18F]R-2, [18F]R-3, and [18F]R-4) targeting ERα based on the tetrahydropyridinyl indole scaffold were developed. Among them, [18F]R-3 and [18F]R-4 showed good target specificity toward ERα and could distinguish MCF-7 (ERα+) and MDA-MB-231 (ERα-) tumors efficiently. Especially, [18F]R-3 could differentiate the ERα positive/negative tumors successfully with a higher tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio (T/M) than that of [18F]R-4. The radioactivity of [18F]R-3 in the MCF-7 tumor was 5.24 ± 0.84%ID/mL and its T/M ratio was 2.49 ± 0.62 at 25 min postinjection, which might be the optimal imaging time point in PET scanning. On the contrary, [18F]R-3 did not accumulate in the MDA-MB-231 tumor at all. The autoradiography analysis of [18F]R-3 on the MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice model was consistent with the PET imaging results. [18F]R-3 exhibited the pharmacokinetic property of rapid distribution and slow clearance, making it suitable for use as a diagnostic PET probe. Overall, [18F]R-3 was capable of serving as a PET radiotracer to delineate the ERα+ tumor and was worthy of further exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Gaochao Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Liang Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Di Hua
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Minhao Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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4
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Li K, Gilberti AL, Marden JA, Akula HK, Pollard AC, Guo S, Hu B, Tonge PJ, Qu W. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fluorine-18 and Deuterium Labeled l-Fluoroalanines as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agents for Cancer Detection. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10293-10305. [PMID: 38838188 PMCID: PMC11258582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To fully explore the potential of 18F-labeled l-fluoroalanine for imaging cancer and other chronic diseases, a simple and mild radiosynthesis method has been established to produce optically pure l-3-[18F]fluoroalanine (l-[18F]FAla), using a serine-derivatized, five-membered-ring sulfamidate as the radiofluorination precursor. A deuterated analogue, l-3-[18F]fluoroalanine-d3 (l-[18F]FAla-d3), was also prepared to improve metabolic stability. Both l-[18F]FAla and l-[18F]FAla-d3 were rapidly taken up by 9L/lacZ, MIA PaCa-2, and U87MG cells and were shown to be substrates for the alanine-serine-cysteine (ASC) amino acid transporter. The ability of l-[18F]FAla, l-[18F]FAla-d3, and the d-enantiomer, d-[18F]FAla-d3, to image tumors was evaluated in U87MG tumor-bearing mice. Despite the significant bone uptake was observed for both l-[18F]FAla and l-[18F]FAla-d3, the latter had enhanced tumor uptake compared to l-[18F]FAla, and d-[18F]FAla-d3 was not specifically taken up by the tumors. The enhanced tumor uptake of l-[18F]FAla-d3 compared with its nondeuterated counterpart, l-[18F]FAla, warranted the further biological investigation of this radiotracer as a potential cancer imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Li
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Alexa L. Gilberti
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Jocelyn A. Marden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Hari K. Akula
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
- PET Research Core, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Alyssa C. Pollard
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Shuwen Guo
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
| | - Bao Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
- PET Research Core, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Peter J. Tonge
- Center for Advanced Study of Drug Action, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Department of Chemistry, John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
- PET Research Core, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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5
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Sorlin A, López-Álvarez M, Biboy J, Gray J, Rabbitt SJ, Rahim JU, Lee SH, Bobba KN, Blecha J, Parker MF, Flavell RR, Engel J, Ohliger M, Vollmer W, Wilson DM. Peptidoglycan-Targeted [ 18F]3,3,3-Trifluoro-d-alanine Tracer for Imaging Bacterial Infection. JACS AU 2024; 4:1039-1047. [PMID: 38559735 PMCID: PMC10976610 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Imaging is increasingly used to detect and monitor bacterial infection. Both anatomic (X-rays, computed tomography, ultrasound, and MRI) and nuclear medicine ([111In]-WBC SPECT, [18F]FDG PET) techniques are used in clinical practice but lack specificity for the causative microorganisms themselves. To meet this challenge, many groups have developed imaging methods that target pathogen-specific metabolism, including PET tracers integrated into the bacterial cell wall. We have previously reported the d-amino acid derived PET radiotracers d-methyl-[11C]-methionine, d-[3-11C]-alanine, and d-[3-11C]-alanine-d-alanine, which showed robust bacterial accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Given the clinical importance of radionuclide half-life, in the current study, we developed [18F]3,3,3-trifluoro-d-alanine (d-[18F]-CF3-ala), a fluorine-18 labeled tracer. We tested the hypothesis that d-[18F]-CF3-ala would be incorporated into bacterial peptidoglycan given its structural similarity to d-alanine itself. NMR analysis showed that the fluorine-19 parent amino acid d-[19F]-CF3-ala was stable in human and mouse serum. d-[19F]-CF3-ala was also a poor substrate for d-amino acid oxidase, the enzyme largely responsible for mammalian d-amino acid metabolism and a likely contributor to background signals using d-amino acid derived PET tracers. In addition, d-[19F]-CF3-ala showed robust incorporation into Escherichia coli peptidoglycan, as detected by HPLC/mass spectrometry. Based on these promising results, we developed a radiosynthesis of d-[18F]-CF3-ala via displacement of a bromo-precursor with [18F]fluoride followed by chiral stationary phase HPLC. Unexpectedly, the accumulation of d-[18F]-CF3-ala by bacteria in vitro was highest for Gram-negative pathogens in particular E. coli. In a murine model of acute bacterial infection, d-[18F]-CF3-ala could distinguish live from heat-killed E. coli, with low background signals. These results indicate the viability of [18F]-modified d-amino acids for infection imaging and indicate that improved specificity for bacterial metabolism can improve tracer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre
M. Sorlin
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Marina López-Álvarez
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jacob Biboy
- The
Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle
University Newcastle, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Gray
- The
Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle
University Newcastle, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Rabbitt
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Junaid Ur Rahim
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph Blecha
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mathew F.L. Parker
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine
at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- UCSF
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joanne Engel
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael Ohliger
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General
Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- The
Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle
University Newcastle, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department
of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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6
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Ordonez AA, Jain SK. Pathogen-Specific Bacterial Imaging in Nuclear Medicine. Semin Nucl Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.11.003
expr 890398765 + 809902709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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7
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Abstract
When serious infections are suspected, patients are often treated empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics while awaiting results that provide information on the bacterial class and species causing the infection, as well as drug susceptibilities. For deep-seated infections, these traditional diagnostic techniques often rely on tissue biopsies to obtain clinical samples which can be expensive, dangerous, and has the potential of sampling bias. Moreover, these procedures and results can take several days and may not always provide reliable information. This combination of time and effort required for proper antibiotic selection has become a barrier leading to indiscriminate broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Exposure to nosocomial infections and indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics are responsible for promoting bacterial drug-resistance leading to substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in hospitalized and immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, early diagnosis of infection and targeted antibiotic treatments are urgently needed to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by bacterial infections worldwide. Reliable pathogen-specific bacterial imaging techniques have the potential to provide early diagnosis and guide antibiotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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8
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Liu H, Han Y, Li J, Qin M, Fu Q, Wang C, Liu Z. 18F-Alanine Derivative Serves as an ASCT2 Marker for Cancer Imaging. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:947-954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuxiang Han
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qunfeng Fu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Imaging Active Infection in vivo Using D-Amino Acid Derived PET Radiotracers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7903. [PMID: 28801560 PMCID: PMC5554133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Occult bacterial infections represent a worldwide health problem. Differentiating active bacterial infection from sterile inflammation can be difficult using current imaging tools. Present clinically viable methodologies either detect morphologic changes (CT/ MR), recruitment of immune cells (111In-WBC SPECT), or enhanced glycolytic flux seen in inflammatory cells (18F-FDG PET). However, these strategies are often inadequate to detect bacterial infection and are not specific for living bacteria. Recent approaches have taken advantage of key metabolic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, allowing easier distinction between bacteria and their host. In this report, we exploited one key difference, bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, to detect living bacteria using a positron-labeled D-amino acid. After screening several 14C D-amino acids for their incorporation into E. coli in culture, we identified D-methionine as a probe with outstanding radiopharmaceutical potential. Based on an analogous procedure to that used for L-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C] L-Met), we developed an enhanced asymmetric synthesis of D-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C] D-Met), and showed that it can rapidly and selectively differentiate both E. coli and S. aureus infections from sterile inflammation in vivo. We believe that the ease of [11C] D-Met radiosynthesis, coupled with its rapid and specific in vivo bacterial accumulation, make it an attractive radiotracer for infection imaging in clinical practice.
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10
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Alvarado A, Faustino-Rocha AI, Colaço B, Oliveira PA. Experimental mammary carcinogenesis - Rat models. Life Sci 2017; 173:116-134. [PMID: 28188729 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammary cancer is one of the most common cancers, victimizing more than half a million of women worldwide every year. Despite all the studies in this field, the current therapeutic approaches are not effective and have several devastating effects for patients. In this way, the need to better understand the mammary cancer biopathology and find effective therapies led to the development of several rodent models over years. With this review, the authors intended to provide the readers with an overview of the rat models used to study mammary carcinogenesis, with a special emphasis on chemically-induced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonieta Alvarado
- Área de Patología, Decanato de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado", UCLA, Lara, Venezuela; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Zootechnics, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
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11
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Mammatas LH, Verheul HMW, Hendrikse NH, Yaqub M, Lammertsma AA, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW. Molecular imaging of targeted therapies with positron emission tomography: the visualization of personalized cancer care. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 38:49-64. [PMID: 25248503 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular imaging has been defined as the visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level in humans and other living systems. In oncology it enables to visualize (part of) the functional behaviour of tumour cells, in contrast to anatomical imaging that focuses on the size and location of malignant lesions. Available molecular imaging techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging. In PET, a radiotracer consisting of a positron emitting radionuclide attached to the biologically active molecule of interest is administrated to the patient. Several approaches have been undertaken to use PET for the improvement of personalized cancer care. For example, a variety of radiolabelled ligands have been investigated for intratumoural target identification and radiolabelled drugs have been developed for direct visualization of the biodistibution in vivo, including intratumoural therapy uptake. First indications of the clinical value of PET for target identification and response prediction in oncology have been reported. This new imaging approach is rapidly developing, but uniformity of scanning processes, standardized methods for outcome evaluation and implementation in daily clinical practice are still in progress. In this review we discuss the available literature on molecular imaging with PET for personalized targeted treatment strategies. CONCLUSION Molecular imaging with radiolabelled targeted anticancer drugs has great potential for the improvement of personalized cancer care. The non-invasive quantification of drug accumulation in tumours and normal tissues provides understanding of the biodistribution in relation to therapeutic and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonitsa H Mammatas
- Dept of Medical Oncology VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Schieferstein H, Ross TL. A Polar18F-Labeled Amino Acid Derivative for Click Labeling of Biomolecules. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Ermert J, Coenen HH. Methods for11C- and18F-labelling of amino acids and derivatives for positron emission tomography imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:225-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
| | - Heinz H. Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
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14
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Bénard F, Turcotte É. Imaging in breast cancer: Single-photon computed tomography and positron-emission tomography. Breast Cancer Res 2005; 7:153-62. [PMID: 15987467 PMCID: PMC1175073 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mammography remains a key imaging method for the early detection and screening of breast cancer, the overall accuracy of this test remains low. Several radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed as adjunct imaging methods to characterize breast masses by single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission tomography (PET). Useful in characterizing indeterminate palpable masses and in the detection of axillary metastases, these techniques are insufficiently sensitive to detect subcentimetric tumor deposits. Their role in staging nodal involvement of the axillary areas therefore currently remains limited. Several enzymes and receptors have been targeted for imaging breast cancers with PET. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose is particularly useful in the detection and staging of recurrent breast cancer and in assessing the response to chemotherapy. Several other ligands targeting proliferative activity, protein synthesis, and hormone and cell-membrane receptors may complement this approach by providing unique information about biological characteristics of breast cancer across primary and metastatic tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bénard
- Metabolic and Functional Imaging Center, Clinical Research Center, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Fleurimont, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Turcotte
- Metabolic and Functional Imaging Center, Clinical Research Center, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Fleurimont, QC, Canada
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15
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Purification and characterization of alanine dehydrogenase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio proteolyticus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Abstract
To produce an imaging agent for breast cancer using a technetium-99m-labeled agent specific for estrogen receptors, an N(2)S(2) bifunctional chelator was conjugated to Z- and E-aminotamoxifens through an amide linker. These bioconjugates have been chelated with both technetium-99m and rhenium. For the Z-isomer, chelation with rhenium in the presence of sodium acetate yields a mixture of two isomers, anti and syn, in a 1:1 ratio and in the presence of hydroxide results in only the anti isomer. Both the Z- and E-tamoxifen conjugates have been chelated with technetium-99m at the tracer level yielding a single isomer product, which is assigned as anti based on chromatographic comparison to the rhenium complexes. Radiochemical yields were consistently greater than 80%, with Sep-Pak column purification yielding a final product with >99% radiochemical purity and no residual starting material. Both in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of the tamoxifen chelates indicated very limited estrogen receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.
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17
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Mankoff DA, Dehdashti F, Shields AF. Characterizing tumors using metabolic imaging: PET imaging of cellular proliferation and steroid receptors. Neoplasia 2000; 2:71-88. [PMID: 10933070 PMCID: PMC1531868 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment decisions in oncology are increasingly guided by information on the biologic characteristics of tumors. Currently, patient-specific information on tumor biology is obtained from the analysis of biopsy material. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides quantitative estimates of regional biochemistry and receptor status and can overcome the sampling error and difficulty in performing serial studies inherent with biopsy. Imaging using the glucose metabolism tracer, 2 -deoxy-2- fluoro-D-glucose (FDG), has demonstrated PET's ability to guide therapy in clinical oncology. In this review, we highlight PET approaches to imaging two other aspects of tumor biology: cellular proliferation and tumor steroid receptors. We review the biochemical and biologic processes underlying the imaging, positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals that have been developed, quantitative image-analysis considerations, and clinical studies to date. This provides a basis for evaluating future developments in these promising applications of PET metabolic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the role of radiology in breast cancer has changed significantly because of the technical advances in mammography, greater use of ultrasonography, and the emergence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as development of functional imaging techniques that add new dimensions to the noninvasive evaluation of patients with breast cancer. Currently, radiological evaluation of breast cancer is important not only for early detection of this disease, but also for staging, assessing certain prognostic factors, and monitoring response to treatment. This review focuses on the potential applications and limitations of positron emission tomography (PET) as a functional imaging method in breast cancer. PET with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has been used successfully in an increasing number of oncological applications and is considered a valuable adjunct to anatomical imaging methods, providing unique functional information for better characterization of disease. The contributions of PET to breast cancer imaging can be considered in two main categories. First, by providing qualitative and/or quantitative information, FDG-PET can aid in detection and discrimination of breast cancer in its primary location. Although, FDG-PET is certainly not necessary in every potential case of breast cancer, it can be very useful in clinically and radiologically "difficult-to-examine breasts," eg, following breast surgery. Qualitative assessment of the extent of the tumor spread provides prognostic information and allows for selection of appropriate therapy. The identification of tumor spread to the axillary nodes or to more remote nodal groups, i.e., internal mammary, or supraclavicular nodes, is probably the most practical information that qualitative FDG-PET can offer. Although it is still too early to formulate definite clinical recommendations, it appears likely that FDG-PET has the potential to reduce the number of patients requiring nodal dissection. Second, PET imaging can provide an assessment of the biological behavior of breast cancer. Quantitative and/or semi-quantitative FDG-PET yields valuable information regarding prognosis and response to therapy in a timely fashion. Preliminary studies have indicated that serial assessment of tumor metabolism by FDG-PET early during effective chemohormonotherapy may predict subsequent response to such therapy. The use of PET with the estrogen analogue 16 alpha-[18F]fluoro-17 beta-estradiol (FES) to monitor receptor function and response to hormonal therapy opens up intriguing new ways to monitor patients with breast cancer at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Flanagan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Inoue T, Kim EE, Wallace S, Yang DJ, Wong FC, Bassa P, Buzdar AU, Podoloff DA. Preliminary study of cardiac accumulation of F-18 fluorotamoxifen in patients with breast cancer. Clin Imaging 1997; 21:332-6. [PMID: 9316752 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-7071(96)00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinical meaning of cardiac uptake of [18F]fluorotamoxifen was assessed. Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic drug for treatment and prevention of breast cancer, has a cardioprotective, estrogen-like effect in postmenopausal women. We conducted a pilot study of [18F]fluorotamoxifen to evaluate its clinical usefulness in patients with breast cancer. Significant cardiac uptake of [18F]fluorotamoxifen in five patients was found in the pilot study. We performed positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluorotamoxifen. The intracardiac distribution of [18F]fluorotamoxifen was observed and compared with the patients' clinical symptoms, past history, and results of the electrocardiogram (ECG). None of the patients had a prior history of ischemic heart disease. Various patterns of [18F]fluorotamoxifen distribution were seen in the heart: one patient showed homogeneous distribution; two had defects in the lateral wall; one had patchy distribution; and in one the uptake was questionable. Non-uniform cardiac uptake may be related to myocardial damage. Cardiac uptake of tamoxifen suggests that its cardioprotective benefits may be related not only to serum cholesterol reduction but also to a direct cardioprotective action. Further experimental studies are required to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of cardiac uptake of [18F]fluorotamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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XIIth international symposium on radiopharmaceutical chemistry: Abstracts and programme. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Delpassand ES, Yang DJ, Wallace S, Cherif A, Quadri SM, Price J, Joubert A, Inoue T, Podoloff DA. Synthesis, biodistribution, and estrogen receptor scintigraphy of indium-111-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-tamoxifen analogue. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85:553-9. [PMID: 8773948 DOI: 10.1021/js960049w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at developing a hydrophilic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-tamoxifen (DTPA-Tam) analogue for use in imaging estrogen receptor positive (ER+) lesions. In rat uterine cytosol, the IC50 of DTPA-Tam conjugate was 1 microM and of tamoxifen, 2 microM. Biodistribution, autoradiography, and radionuclide imaging of 111In-DTPA-Tam in breast-tumor-bearing rats showed that tumor-to-tissue ratios increased steadily between 30 min and 48 h. The in vivo response of MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts to tamoxifen and DTPA-Tam in nude mice demonstrated that DTPA-Tam could reduce tumor growth rate. These results indicate that DTPA-Tam, a new hydrophilic ER+ ligand, might be useful in diagnosing ER+ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Delpassand
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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