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Duong HQ, Hoang MC, Nguyen TH, Ngo VL, Le VT. RNA therapeutics history and future perspectives. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:99-114. [PMID: 38360008 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics have significantly used RNA-based drugs to the prevention and treatment of diseases as effective messenger RNA-based vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The RNA therapeutics with five classes including antisense oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, microRNA, APTAMER and messenger RNAs are being quickly developed to treat various human diseases as neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, genetic and rare disease, cancer disease, coronavirus disease… which cannot be treated by other conventional drugs as small molecule-based drugs and antibodies. Therefore, the discovery of these RNA therapeutics created a new avenue for treatment of various human diseases. This chapter demonstrates the history of important discoveries in RNA biology and their impact on key developments in RNA therapeutics as well as the advantages of RNA therapeutics; RNA therapeutics describes the action mechanisms and examples of RNA-based drugs approved for treatment of various disease; and RNA therapeutics discusses delivery methods for RNA therapeutics to target organs and cells. In conclusion, this chapter is designed to offer an updated important development and advance of RNA therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Van-Lang Ngo
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van-Thu Le
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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2
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Kim H, Kim KS, Na K. Nanoparticle platform comprising lipid-tailed pH-sensitive carbon dots with minimal drug loss. J Control Release 2023; 361:373-384. [PMID: 37558052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized a lipid-mimicking organic material (PCD_FA) that can surpass the efficacy of lipid-based nanoparticles and demonstrated its potential as a delivery vehicle for various hydrophilic drugs. PCD_FA is a conjugate of pH-sensitive carbon dots (PCDs) and fatty acids (FAs) and has potential applications in several fields owing to various combinations of carbon dots (CDs) and FAs. Similar to phospholipids, PCD-FAs have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails that allow them to self-form nanoparticles (Coposomes) in the aqueous phase. Coposomes can easily combine various hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail combinations, and several drugs can be encapsulated, or drug release patterns can be controlled according to each property. We analyzed the differences in size, drug loading efficiency, and drug release patterns of Coposomes depending on the type of FAs and characteristics of the encapsulated drugs. Additionally, cell entry and intracellular drug release mechanisms of the Coposomes were identified. The applicability of Coposomes as drug delivery carriers for tumor treatment has been demonstrated in comparison with that of liposomes formulation in tumor-bearing mouse models. Consequently, this study presents possibilities for the synthesis and application of various amphiphilic lipid-mimicking organic materials via the combination of CDs and FAs with various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea; Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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3
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A Novel Form of Arginine-Chitosan as Nanoparticles Efficient for siRNA Delivery into Mouse Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021040. [PMID: 36674556 PMCID: PMC9864149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of chitosan (CS) has greatly expanded its application in the field of medicine. In this study, low-molecular-weight chitosan was modified with arginine (Arg) by a simple method. The identification by the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) showed that Arg was successfully covalently attached to the CS. Interestingly, Arg-CS was identified as nanoparticles by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), whose particle size was 75.76 ± 12.07 nm based on Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) characterization. Then, whether the prepared Arg-CS nanoparticles could encapsulate and deliver siRNA safely was investigated. Arg-CS was found to be able to encapsulate siRNAs in vitro via electrostatic interaction with siRNA; the Arg-CS/siRNA complex was safe for L1210 leukemia cells. Therefore, modification of chitosan by Arg produces novel nanoparticles to deliver siRNA into leukemia cells. This is the first time to identify Arg-CS as nanoparticles and explore their ability to deliver Rhoa siRNA into T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells to advance therapies targeting Rhoa in the future.
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4
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Santos A, Sauer M, Neil AJ, Solomon IH, Hornick JL, Roberts DJ, Quade BJ, Parra-Herran C. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein expression in placentas from individuals after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1175-1180. [PMID: 35361888 PMCID: PMC8967927 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Current public health initiatives to contain the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic focus on expanding vaccination efforts to include vulnerable populations such as pregnant people. Vaccines using messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology rely on translation by immune cells, primarily at the injection site. Hesitancy remains among the general population regarding the safety of mRNA vaccines during gestation, and it remains unknown whether the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (the product of mRNA vaccines available) accumulates in the placenta after vaccination. Objective: To determine whether Spike protein translation and accumulation occurs in placental tissue in the context of recent mRNA SARC-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy. We identified 48 patients receiving one or two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during gestation and used immunohistochemistry against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded placental tissue. One placenta, positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by in situ hybridization (ISH) was used as positive control. Seven term placentas collected prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 served as negative controls. Eighty one percent of patients in the study group underwent third-trimester delivery; remaining had a first-trimester spontaneous abortion or elective second-trimester termination. Patients received two (52%) or one (48%) vaccine doses during pregnancy, with a median interval between latest dose and delivery of 13 days (range 2-79 days). Most (63%) cases had their latest dose within 15 days prior to delivery. All the placentas in the study and negative control groups were negative for SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry. Six study cases with short vaccine-delivery intervals (2-7 days) were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 ISH and were negative. Our findings suggest that mRNA vaccines do not reach significant concentrations in the placenta given the absence of definitive SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein accumulation in placental tissue. This observation provides evidence supporting the safety of mRNA vaccines to the placental-fetal unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Santos
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Madeline Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Faculty of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Alexander J. Neil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Isaac H. Solomon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Drucilla J. Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Bradley J. Quade
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Carlos Parra-Herran
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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5
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DOCK2 regulates antifungal immunity by regulating RAC GTPase activity. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:602-618. [PMID: 35079145 PMCID: PMC8787451 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause ~1.5 million deaths each year worldwide, and the mortality rate of disseminated candidiasis currently exceeds that of breast cancer and malaria. The major reasons for the high mortality of candidiasis are the limited number of antifungal drugs and the emergence of drug-resistant species. Therefore, a better understanding of antifungal host defense mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we report that DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2) promotes indispensable antifungal innate immune signaling and proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages. DOCK2-deficient macrophages exhibit decreased RAC GTPase (Rac family small GTPase) activation and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, which in turn attenuates the killing of intracellular fungi and the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Mechanistically, after fungal stimulation, activated SYK (spleen-associated tyrosine kinase) phosphorylates DOCK2 at tyrosine 985 and 1405, which promotes the recruitment and activation of RAC GTPases and then increases ROS production and downstream signaling activation. Importantly, nanoparticle-mediated delivery of in vitro transcribed (IVT) Rac1 mRNA promotes the activity of Rac1 and helps to eliminate fungal infection in vivo. Taken together, this study not only identifies a critical role of DOCK2 in antifungal immunity via regulation of RAC GTPase activity but also provides proof of concept for the treatment of invasive fungal infections by using IVT mRNA.
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6
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Tarab-Ravski D, Stotsky-Oterin L, Peer D. Delivery strategies of RNA therapeutics to leukocytes. J Control Release 2022; 342:362-371. [PMID: 35041904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing RNA-based therapeutics for cancer, inflammation, and viral diseases is hindered by poor delivery of therapeutic RNA molecules. Targeting leukocytes to treat these conditions holds great promise, as they are key participants in their initiation, drug response, and treatment. The various extra- and intra-cellular obstacles that impediment the clinical implementation of therapeutic RNA can be overcome by utilizing drug delivery systems. However, delivery of therapeutic RNA to leukocytes poses an even greater challenge as these cells are difficult to reach and transfect upon systemic administration. This review briefly describes the existing successful delivery strategies that efficiently target leukocytes in vivo and discuss their potential clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Tarab-Ravski
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Stotsky-Oterin
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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7
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Pandey M, Ojha D, Bansal S, Rode AB, Chawla G. From bench side to clinic: Potential and challenges of RNA vaccines and therapeutics in infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:101003. [PMID: 34332771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional and structural versatility of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) makes them ideal candidates for overcoming the limitations imposed by small molecule-based drugs. Hence, RNA-based biopharmaceuticals such as messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA mimics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), aptamers, riboswitches, and CRISPR-Cas9 are emerging as vital tools for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. Some of the major challenges to overcome in the area of RNA-based therapeutics have been the instability of single-stranded RNAs, delivery to the diseased cell, and immunogenicity. However, recent advancements in the delivery systems of in vitro transcribed mRNA and chemical modifications for protection against nucleases and reducing the toxicity of RNA have facilitated the entry of several exogenous RNAs into clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of RNA-based vaccines and therapeutics, their production, delivery, current advancements, and future translational potential in treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pandey
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Divya Ojha
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ambadas B Rode
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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8
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Elia U, Ramishetti S, Rosenfeld R, Dammes N, Bar-Haim E, Naidu GS, Makdasi E, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Paran N, Cohen O, Peer D. Design of SARS-CoV-2 hFc-Conjugated Receptor-Binding Domain mRNA Vaccine Delivered via Lipid Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9627-9637. [PMID: 33480671 PMCID: PMC7860138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causal agent of COVID-19 and stands at the center of the current global human pandemic, with death toll exceeding one million. The urgent need for a vaccine has led to the development of various immunization approaches. mRNA vaccines represent a cell-free, simple, and rapid platform for immunization, and therefore have been employed in recent studies toward the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Herein, we present the design of an mRNA vaccine, based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)-encapsulated SARS-CoV-2 human Fc-conjugated receptor-binding domain (RBD-hFc). Several ionizable lipids have been evaluated in vivo in a luciferase (luc) mRNA reporter assay, and two leading LNPs formulations have been chosen for the subsequent RBD-hFc mRNA vaccine strategy. Intramuscular administration of LNP RBD-hFc mRNA elicited robust humoral response, a high level of neutralizing antibodies and a Th1-biased cellular response in BALB/c mice. The data in the current study demonstrate the potential of these lipids as promising candidates for LNP-based mRNA vaccines in general and for a COVID19 vaccine in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Elia
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Gonna Somu Naidu
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel
Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Ofer Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100,
Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School
for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby
and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Tombácz I, Laczkó D, Shahnawaz H, Muramatsu H, Natesan A, Yadegari A, Papp TE, Alameh MG, Shuvaev V, Mui BL, Tam YK, Muzykantov V, Pardi N, Weissman D, Parhiz H. Highly efficient CD4+ T cell targeting and genetic recombination using engineered CD4+ cell-homing mRNA-LNP. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3293-3304. [PMID: 34091054 PMCID: PMC8571164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA)-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the basis for the first two EUA (Emergency Use Authorization) COVID-19 vaccines. The use of nucleoside-modified mRNA as a pharmacological agent opens immense opportunities for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic molecular interventions. In particular, mRNA-based drugs may specifically modulate immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, for immunotherapy of oncologic, infectious and other conditions. The key challenge, however, is that T cells are notoriously resistant to transfection by exogenous mRNA. Here, we report that conjugating CD4 antibody to LNPs enables specific targeting and mRNA interventions to CD4+ cells, including T cells. After systemic injection in mice, CD4-targeted radiolabeled mRNA-LNPs accumulated in spleen, providing ∼30-fold higher signal of reporter mRNA in T cells isolated from spleen as compared with non-targeted mRNA-LNPs. Intravenous injection of CD4-targeted LNPs loaded with Cre recombinase-encoding mRNA provided specific dose-dependent loxP-mediated genetic recombination, resulting in reporter gene expression in about 60% and 40% of CD4+ T cells in spleen and lymph nodes, respectively. T cell phenotyping showed uniform transfection of T cell subpopulations, with no variability in uptake of CD4-targeted mRNA-LNPs in naive, central memory, and effector cells. The specific and efficient targeting and transfection of mRNA to T cells established in this study provides a platform technology for immunotherapy of devastating conditions and HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Tombácz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dorottya Laczkó
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamna Shahnawaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ambika Natesan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler E Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Dammes N, Peer D. Paving the Road for RNA Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:755-775. [PMID: 32893005 PMCID: PMC7470715 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic RNA molecules possess high potential for treating medical conditions if they can successfully reach the target cell upon administration. However, unmodified RNA molecules are rapidly degraded and cleared from the circulation. In addition, their large size and negative charge complicates their passing through the cell membrane. The difficulty of RNA therapy, therefore, lies in the efficient intracellular delivery of intact RNA molecules to the tissue of interest without inducing adverse effects. Here, we outline the recent developments in therapeutic RNA delivery and discuss the wide potential in manipulating the function of cells with RNAs. The focus is not only on the variety of delivery strategies but also on the versatile nature of RNA and its wide applicability. This wide applicability is especially interesting when considering the modular nature of nucleic acids. An optimal delivery vehicle, therefore, can facilitate numerous clinical applications of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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11
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Veiga N, Diesendruck Y, Peer D. Targeted lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeutics and immunomodulation in leukocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:364-376. [PMID: 32298783 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in leukocytes' function are associated with many immune related disorders, such as cancer, autoimmunity and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Recent developments in Genome-wide-association-studies give rise to new opportunities for novel therapeutics. RNA-based modalities, that allow a selective genetic manipulation in vivo, are powerful tools for personalized medicine, enabling downregulation or expression of relevant proteins. Yet, RNA-based therapeutics requires a delivery modality to facilitate the stability, uptake and intracellular release of the RNA molecules. The use of lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery approach improves the payloads' stability, pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution and therapeutic benefit while reducing side effects. Moreover, a wide variety of targeting moieties allow a precise and modular manipulation of gene expression, together with the ability to identify and selectively affect disease-relevant leukocytes-subsets. Altogether, RNA-based therapeutics, targeting leukocytes subsets, is believed to be one of the most promising therapeutic concepts of the near future, addressing pressing issues in cancer and inflammation heterogeneity.
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12
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Ramishetti S, Hazan-Halevy I, Palakuri R, Chatterjee S, Naidu Gonna S, Dammes N, Freilich I, Kolik Shmuel L, Danino D, Peer D. A Combinatorial Library of Lipid Nanoparticles for RNA Delivery to Leukocytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906128. [PMID: 31999380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced nonviral platforms for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery that are clinically approved. These LNPs, based on ionizable lipids, are found in the liver and are now gaining much attention in the field of RNA therapeutics. The previous generation of ionizable lipids varies in linker moieties, which greatly influences in vivo gene silencing efficiency. Here novel ionizable amino lipids based on the linker moieties such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and ethanolamine are designed and synthesized. These lipids are formulated into LNPs and screened for their efficiency to deliver siRNAs into leukocytes, which are among the hardest to transfect cell types. Two potent lipids based on their in vitro gene silencing efficiencies are also identified. These lipids are further evaluated for their biodistribution profile, efficient gene silencing, liver toxicity, and potential immune activation in mice. A robust gene silencing is also found in primary lymphocytes when one of these lipids is formulated into LNPs with a pan leukocyte selective targeting agent (β7 integrin). Taken together, these lipids have the potential to open new avenues in delivering RNAs into leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazan-Halevy
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ramesh Palakuri
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Sushmita Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Somu Naidu Gonna
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Inbar Freilich
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Luba Kolik Shmuel
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Dganit Danino
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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13
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Maugeri M, Nawaz M, Papadimitriou A, Angerfors A, Camponeschi A, Na M, Hölttä M, Skantze P, Johansson S, Sundqvist M, Lindquist J, Kjellman T, Mårtensson IL, Jin T, Sunnerhagen P, Östman S, Lindfors L, Valadi H. Linkage between endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA and loading into EVs for transport to other cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4333. [PMID: 31551417 PMCID: PMC6760118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics hold great promise for treating diseases and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most advanced platform for RNA delivery. However, the fate of the LNP-mRNA after endosome-engulfing and escape from the autophagy-lysosomal pathway remains unclear. To investigate this, mRNA (encoding human erythropoietin) was delivered to cells using LNPs, which shows, for the first time, a link between LNP-mRNA endocytosis and its packaging into extracellular vesicles (endo-EVs: secreted after the endocytosis of LNP-mRNA). Endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA is dependent on the molar ratio between ionizable lipids and mRNA nucleotides. Our results show that fractions of ionizable lipids and mRNA (1:1 molar ratio of hEPO mRNA nucleotides:ionizable lipids) of endocytosed LNPs were detected in endo-EVs. Importantly, these EVs can protect the exogenous mRNA during in vivo delivery to produce human protein in mice, detected in plasma and organs. Compared to LNPs, endo-EVs cause lower expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maugeri
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Papadimitriou
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annelie Angerfors
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manli Na
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hölttä
- Translational Biomarkers and Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pia Skantze
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Svante Johansson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johnny Lindquist
- Translational Biomarkers and Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tomas Kjellman
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Östman
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lennart Lindfors
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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14
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Ramishetti S, Peer D. Engineering lymphocytes with RNAi. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:55-66. [PMID: 30529305 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are the gatekeepers of the body's immune system and are involved in pathogenesis if their surveillance is stalled by inhibitory molecules or when they act as mediators for viral entry. Engineering lymphocytes in order to restore their functions is an unmet need in immunological disorders, cancer and in lymphotropic viral infections. Recently, the FDA approved several therapeutic antibodies for blocking inhibitory signals on T cells. This has revolutionized the field of solid tumor care, together with chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy that did the same for hematological malignancies. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach where gene function can be inhibited in almost all types of cells. However, manipulation of genes in lymphocyte subsets are difficult due to their hard-to-transfect nature and in vivo targeting remains challenging as they are dispersed throughout the body. The ability of RNAi molecules to gain entry into cells is almost impossible without delivery strategy. Nanotechnology approaches are rapidly growing and their impact in the field of drug and gene delivery applications to transport payloads inside cells have been extensively studied. Here we discuss various technologies available for RNAi delivery to lymphocytes. We shed light on the importance of targeting molecules in order to target lymphocytes in vivo. In addition, we discuss recent developments of RNAi delivery to lymphocyte subsets, and detail the potential implication for the future of molecular medicine in leukocytes implicated diseases.
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15
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Hazan-Halevy I, Rosenblum D, Ramishetti S, Peer D. Systemic Modulation of Lymphocyte Subsets Using siRNAs Delivered via Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1974:151-159. [PMID: 31099001 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9220-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic delivery of RNA interference (RNAi) payloads for manipulation of gene expression in lymphocytes holds a great potential as a novel therapeutic modality for hematological malignancies and autoimmune disorders. However, lymphocytes are among the most difficult cells to transfect with RNAi, as they are resistant to conventional transfection reagents and are dispersed throughout the body, making it a challenge to successfully deliver these payloads via systemic administration route. We have developed a strategy to target lymphocytes and deliver RNAi payloads in a cell-specific manner to induce therapeutic gene silencing. This approach utilizes antibodies that decorate lipid nanoparticle surfaces to home into lymphocyte subsets. This approach opens new avenues for discovery of new drug targets and potentially for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Hazan-Halevy
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Rosenblum
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Duguay BA, Huang KWC, Kulka M. Lipofection of plasmid DNA into human mast cell lines using lipid nanoparticles generated by microfluidic mixing. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:587-596. [PMID: 29668121 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ta0517-192r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important immune cells that have significant roles in mediating allergy and asthma. Therefore, studying the molecular mechanisms regulating these and other processes in mast cells is important to elucidate. Methods such as lipofection, transduction, and electroporation are often employed to dissect these mechanisms by disrupting gene expression in mast cell lines. However, as with other leukocytes, human mast cells (HMCs) are often refractory to the delivery of plasmids by lipofection. In this study, we investigated the utility of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing the ionizable cationic lipids 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-dimethylaminopropane, 1,2-dioleyloxy-3-dimethylaminopropane, or 2,2-dilinoleyl-4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-[1,3]-dioxolane for the delivery of plasmid DNA into HMC lines. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the use of LNPs to achieve significant and reproducible levels of plasmid DNA transfection in HMC-1.2 and laboratory of allergic diseases 2 (LAD2) cells. These levels reached 53.2% and 16.0% in HMC-1.2 and LAD2 cells, respectively; and outperformed Lipofectamine 3000 in both cases. Moreover, cell viability in the transfected cells remained above 65% for all LNP conditions tested. Together, these observations illustrate the efficacy of this technique for mast cell researchers and further support the use of LNPs for nucleic acid delivery into leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Duguay
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kate Wei-Chen Huang
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Lieberman J. Tapping the RNA world for therapeutics. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:357-364. [PMID: 29662218 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A recent revolution in RNA biology has led to the identification of new RNA classes with unanticipated functions, new types of RNA modifications, an unexpected multiplicity of alternative transcripts and widespread transcription of extragenic regions. This development in basic RNA biology has spawned a corresponding revolution in RNA-based strategies to generate new types of therapeutics. Here, I review RNA-based drug design and discuss barriers to broader applications and possible ways to overcome them. Because they target nucleic acids rather than proteins, RNA-based drugs promise to greatly extend the domain of 'druggable' targets beyond what can be achieved with small molecules and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Progress and challenges towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1410. [PMID: 29650952 PMCID: PMC5897557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1242] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery approaches for cancer therapeutics have shown a steep rise over the past few decades. However, compared to the plethora of successful pre-clinical studies, only 15 passively targeted nanocarriers (NCs) have been approved for clinical use and none of the actively targeted NCs have advanced past clinical trials. Herein, we review the principles behind targeted delivery approaches to determine potential reasons for their limited clinical translation and success. We propose criteria and considerations that must be taken into account for the development of novel actively targeted NCs. We also highlight the possible directions for the development of successful tumor targeting strategies. Targeted delivery strategies based on nanocarriers have immense potential to change cancer care but current strategies have been shown only limited translation in the clinic. Here, the authors survey the challenge, progress and opportunities towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics.
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19
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Targeting epigenetic pathway with gold nanoparticles for acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 167:80-90. [PMID: 29554483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia remains a fatal disease for most patients and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Aberrant DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is important in the initiation and progression of leukemia. Here, we demonstrated NCL/miR-221/NFκB/DNMT1 axis as a new molecular pathway promoting aggressive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leukemogenesis and successfully designed and prepared a nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide-targeted gold nanoparticles with co-loaded anti-221 and AS1411 (NPsN-AS1411/a221), which can specifically target NCL/miR-221/NFκB/DNMT1 signaling pathway in AML. NPsN-AS1411/a221 synergistically abrogate endogenous miR-221 promoting cancerous growth by inhibiting the expression of p27Kip1 suppressor gene, as well as effectively deregulate the DNMT1 expression through NFκB signaling which led to a reduction of global DNA methylation and the restoration of tumor suppressor p15INK4B via its promoter DNA hypomethylation. Functionally, NPsN-AS1411/a221 remarkably blockage leukemia proliferation and clonogenic potential in NCL/miR-221/NFκB/DNMT1 positive AML cell lines. More importantly, NPsN-AS1411/a221 cooperatively extend the overall survival, lower the white blood cells, reverse splenomegaly, inhibit blasts in bone marrow and metastatic to lung in a preclinical AML animal model. Altogether, our studies provide a proof of concept for multiple-functional drug delivery system that based on the specific gene network involved in tumor growth, and highlight the clinical potential of NCL/miR-221/NFκB/DNMT1-targeted AML nanotherapy.
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20
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Thomas A, M Garg S, De Souza RAG, Ouellet E, Tharmarajah G, Reichert D, Ordobadi M, Ip S, Ramsay EC. Microfluidic Production and Application of Lipid Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Transfection. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1792:193-203. [PMID: 29797261 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7865-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are established in the biopharmaceutical industry for efficient encapsulation and cytosolic delivery of nucleic acids for potential therapeutics, with several formulations in clinical trials. The advantages of LNPs can also be applied in basic research and discovery with a microfluidic method of preparation now commercially available that allows preparations to be scaled down to quantities appropriate for cell culture. These preparations conserve expensive nucleic acids while maintaining the particle characteristics that have made LNPs successful in later stages of genetic medicine development. Additionally, this method and the resulting LNPs are seamlessly scalable to quantities appropriate for in vivo models and development of nucleic acid therapeutics.The present work describes the methodology for preparing LNPs loaded with siRNA, mRNA or plasmids using a commercially available microfluidic instrument and an accompanying transfection kit. Guidelines for application to cultured cells in a well-plate format are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shell Ip
- Precision NanoSystems, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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21
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Granot Y, Peer D. Delivering the right message: Challenges and opportunities in lipid nanoparticles-mediated modified mRNA therapeutics-An innate immune system standpoint. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:68-77. [PMID: 28890238 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
mRNA molecules hold tremendous potential as a tool for gene therapy of a wide range of diseases. However, the main hurdle in implementation of mRNA for therapeutics, the systemic delivery of mRNA molecules to target cells, remains a challenge. A feasible solution for this challenge relies in the rapidly evolving field of nucleic acid-loaded nanocarriers and specifically in the established family of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs). Herein, we will discuss the main factors, which determine the fate of modified mRNA (mmRNA)-loaded LNPs in-vivo, and will focus on their interactions with the innate immune system as a main consideration in the design of lipid-based mmRNA delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Granot
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Dept. of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Dept. of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Dept. of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Dept. of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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22
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Mizrahy S, Hazan-Halevy I, Dammes N, Landesman-Milo D, Peer D. Current Progress in Non-viral RNAi-Based Delivery Strategies to Lymphocytes. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1491-1500. [PMID: 28392163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi-based therapy holds great promise, as it can be utilized for the treatment of multiple conditions in an accurate manner via sequence-specific manipulation of gene expression. To date, RNAi therapeutics have advanced into clinical trials for liver diseases and solid tumors; however, delivery of RNAi to leukocytes in general and to lymphocytes in particular remains a challenge. Lymphocytes are notoriously hard to transduce with RNAi payloads and are disseminated throughout the body, often located in deep tissues; therefore, developing an efficient systemic delivery system directed to lymphocytes is not a trivial task. Successful manipulation of lymphocyte function with RNAi possesses immense therapeutic potential, as it will enable researchers to resolve lymphocyte-implicated diseases such as inflammation, autoimmunity, transplant rejection, viral infections, and blood cancers. This potential has propelled the development of novel targeted delivery systems relying on the accumulating research knowledge from multiple disciplines, including materials science and engineering, immunology, and genetics. Here, we will discuss the recent progress in non-viral delivery strategies of RNAi payloads to lymphocytes. Special emphasis will be made on the challenges and potential opportunities in manipulating lymphocyte function with RNAi. These approaches might ultimately become a novel therapeutic modality to treat leukocyte-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshy Mizrahy
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazan-Halevy
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dalit Landesman-Milo
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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23
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Ansari AS, Santerre PJ, Uludağ H. Biomaterials for polynucleotide delivery to anchorage-independent cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7238-7261. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of various chemical vectors used for polynucleotide delivery to mammalian anchorage-independent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha S. Ansari
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Paul J. Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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