1
|
Preservation of Renal Function. Perioper Med (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-56724-4.00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
2
|
Wu CH, Mohammadmoradi S, Chen JZ, Sawada H, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e108-e116. [PMID: 29950386 PMCID: PMC6039412 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Shayan Mohammadmoradi
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Jeff Z Chen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim SM, Lee NK, Park KK, Yoon YC, Paik HD. ACE-inhibitory Effect and Physicochemical Characteristics of Yogurt Beverage Fortified with Whey Protein Hydrolysates. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2011. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.6.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
4
|
Lövestam-Adrian M, Hansson-Lundblad C, Torffvit O. Sight-threatening retinopathy is associated with lower mortality in type 2 diabetic subjects: a 10-year observation study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 77:141-7. [PMID: 17178168 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study associations between diabetic retinopathy and development of stroke, myocardial infarction and death in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS During a 10-year observation period, 363 type 2 diabetic patients (diagnosis > or =30 years of age) attending an outpatient clinic were studied regarding the prevalence and incidence of retinopathy and associated risk factors, i.e., (HbA(1c), blood pressure, albuminuria, plasma creatinine, age, sex and diabetes duration) in relation to the development of myocardial infarction, stroke and death. The degree of retinopathy was classified as no retinopathy, background or sight-threatening retinopathy, i.e., clinically significant macular edema, severe non-proliferative or proliferative retinopathy. RESULTS During the study period, 62 patients had had myocardial infarction, 54 stroke and 99 patients died. Patients with sight-threatening retinopathy at baseline (n=41) had a 2.2-fold increased (p<0.01) risk for death compared to patients with no or background retinopathy, even when controlled for medical risk factors. When adjusted for medical risk factors, patients with no retinopathy at baseline (n=226) who remained without retinopathy or developed background retinopathy (n=187) during the study period, had a 3.6-fold increased risk for death (95% CI, 1.1, 11.8), (p=0.03), compared to patients who developed sight-threatening retinopathy (n=39), while the incidence of myocardial infarction did not differ. More patients who developed sight-threatening retinopathy were treated with ACE inhibitors than patients who did not (41% versus 24%; p=0.03). CONCLUSION Despite more medical risk factors, patients who developed sight-threatening retinopathy had lower mortality compared to patients with no or background retinopathy at follow-up. More patients who developed sight-threatening retinopathy were treated with ACE inhibitors but this seemed not to have influenced the lower mortality rate in this group, whereas the use of ACE inhibitors in patients who did not develop sight-threatening retinopathy was connected with lower mortality rate.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreira IMPLVO, Eça R, Pinho O, Tavares P, Pereira A, Cecília Roque A. Development and Validation of an HPLC/UV Method for Quantification of Bioactive Peptides in Fermented Milks. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701435145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosário Eça
- a REQUIMTE‐Serviço de Bromatologia Faculdade de Farmácia da , Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- b Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Tavares
- c REQUIMTE‐Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alice Pereira
- c REQUIMTE‐Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília Roque
- c REQUIMTE‐Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira I, Pinho O, Mota M, Tavares P, Pereira A, Gonçalves M, Torres D, Rocha C, Teixeira J. Preparation of ingredients containing an ACE-inhibitory peptide by tryptic hydrolysis of whey protein concentrates. Int Dairy J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
7
|
Battistini B, Daull P, Jeng AY. CGS 35601, a Triple Inhibitor of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Neutral Endopeptidase and Endothelin Converting Enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:317-30. [PMID: 16614731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2005.tb00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CGS 35601 (L-tryptophan, N-[[1-[[(2S)-2-mercapto-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]-cyclopentyl]carbonyl]) is one of a few single molecules capable of inhibiting the activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) simultaneously, with IC(50) values of 22, 2, and 55 nM, respectively. Through the inhibition of ACE and ECE, it blocks the conversion of angiotensin I (AI) and big endothelin-1 (big ET-1) into the two most potent peptidic vasoconstrictors, angiotensin II (AII) and ET-1, respectively. By inhibiting NEP, CGS 35601 also prevents the degradation of peptidic vasodilators such as bradykinin (BK), natriuretic peptides (NPs) and adrenomedullin (ADM) and, hence, modulates the secondary release of other vasoactive mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins. In chronic (30 days) experiments, CGS 35601 is well tolerated with a very good safety profile in healthy normotensive, hypertensive and type 2 diabetic rats. The antihypertensive efficacy of CGS 35601 was demonstrated in chronically instrumented, unrestrained and conscious rat models of hypertension (SHR and DSS) and type 2 diabetes (ZDF-fatty). It lowered blood pressure effectively as well as modulated plasma concentrations of a number of circulating vasoactive peptidic mediators that are keys to the regulation of the vascular tone. These data suggest that CGS 35601, a triple vasopeptidase inhibitor (VPI), may represent a novel class of antihypertensive drugs and may have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and subsequent renal complications. Similar in vivo ACE, NEP, and ECE inhibitory activities were also observed with the orally active prodrug, CGS 37808 (L-tryptophan, N-[[1-[[(2S)-2-(acetylthio)-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]cyclopentyl]-carbonyl]-, methyl ester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Battistini
- Laval Hospital Research Center, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Holman R, Bosch J, Pogue J. Rationale, design and recruitment characteristics of a large, simple international trial of diabetes prevention: the DREAM trial. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1519-27. [PMID: 15322749 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes is a rapidly rising independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and serious illness. This risk can be reduced by lifestyle changes and/or various drugs. Novel therapies to prevent diabetes, as well as new risk factors for diabetes, atherosclerosis and obesity require testing and identification. METHODS People with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance were randomised to ramipril (15 mg/day) or placebo and rosiglitazone (8 mg/day) or placebo with a 2x2 factorial design. They are assessed semi-annually for the primary outcome (diabetes or death). Diabetes is diagnosed if two consecutive plasma glucose levels exceed diagnostic thresholds (i.e. fasting >/=7.0 mmol/l or 2-h >/=11.1 mmol/l) within a 3-month period. Assuming an annual primary outcome incidence of 5%, there is more than 90% power to detect a 22% reduction. Approximately 20% of participants are having annual carotid ultrasounds to assess the effects on atherosclerosis. Patients screened but not randomised are being followed prospectively to identify determinants of obesity, diabetes and related disorders. RESULTS A total of 24,872 individuals in 21 countries were screened over 2 years and are eligible for follow-up. Of these, 5269 were randomised: 1835 (35%) had isolated impaired glucose tolerance, 739 (14%) had isolated impaired fasting glucose, and 2692 (51%) had both disorders. Annual carotid ultrasounds are currently being performed in 1406 randomised individuals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The DREAM trial and related studies will determine if ramipril or rosiglitazone reduces the number of cases of diabetes and atherosclerosis, and will identify novel risk factors for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sobolewski BA, Zgibor JC, Orchard TJ. ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers: patterns of use and associations with mortality in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 65:37-43. [PMID: 15163476 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2003.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of ACE-I and Calcium channel blockers (CCB) use in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and associations of these medications with mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study, a 10-year follow up of childhood onset T1D, were used to document ACE-I and CCB use. Use in subjects who died during follow up was compared to gender, age, duration (+/-5 years), hypertension, and renal status matched living controls. RESULTS ACE-I use increased from baseline (1986-1988) to 10 years later (1996-1998) for those with hypertension (20.8-65.8%), and microalbuminuria (2.3-31.5%). However, the majority of patients with microalbuminuria were not on ACE-I at 10 years. CCB use was 2.1% at baseline, increased to 10.4% at 8 years, and fell to 9.5% at 10 years. An increased risk of mortality was apparent for those not treated with either ACE-I or CCB when controlling for cardiovascular status and age (hazard ratio (HR) 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.3), while ACE-I use alone was protective (HR=0.26, 0.08-0.79). CCB use with or without ACE-I was not related to mortality status. CONCLUSIONS This data suggests that ACE-I use is not optimal, but more favorably associated with decreased mortality than CCB use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Sobolewski
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3512 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takahashi N, Saito Y, Kuwahara K, Harada M, Kishimoto I, Ogawa Y, Kawakami R, Nakagawa Y, Nakanishi M, Nakao K. Angiotensin II-induced ventricular hypertrophy and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation are suppressed in mice overexpressing brain natriuretic peptide in circulation. Hypertens Res 2004; 26:847-53. [PMID: 14621189 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.26.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Atrial and brain (B-type) natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively) are known to exert various cardioprotective effects. For instance, knocking out the expression of ANP, BNP, or their receptor, guanylyl cyclase-A, induces cardiac hypertrophy and/or fibrosis. The cardiac effects of elevated circulating natriuretic peptides are less well understood, however. We therefore compared angiotensin (Ang) II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in BNP-transgenic (Tg) mice, in which circulating BNP levels were elevated by increased secretion from the liver, and their non-Tg littermates. Left ventricular expression of Ang II type 1a receptor was similar in BNP-Tg and non-Tg mice, and there was no significant difference in the elevation of blood pressure elicited by chronic infusion or acute injection of Ang II. Nevertheless, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were significantly diminished in BNP-Tg mice chronically infused with Ang II. In addition, ventricular activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by acute injection of Ang II was also diminished in BNP-Tg mice, as was activation of ERK kinase (MEK). Conversely, expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP) was significantly increased in the ventricles of BNP-Tg mice. Based on these findings, we conclude that elevated circulating BNP exerts cardioprotective effects via inhibition of a ventricular ERK pathway. The mechanism responsible for this inhibition likely involves 1) increased ventricular MKP expression and 2) inhibition of transduction mediators situated upstream of ERK.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1
- MAP Kinase Kinase 2
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuki Takahashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science. Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Braszko JJ. AT(2) but not AT(1) receptor antagonism abolishes angiotensin II increase of the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses in rats. Behav Brain Res 2002; 131:79-86. [PMID: 11844574 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we attempted to determine behavioural, including cognitive, consequences of the brain AT(1) (losartan, 2 nmol), AT(2) (PD 123319, 1.5 nmol), and joint AT(1)/AT(2) angiotensin receptors blockade. Male Wistar rats (160-180 g) were injected into the left cerebral ventricle with the above doses of the blockers dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution (vehicle) or with the vehicle alone. Five minutes later they received, to the right cerebral ventricle, 1 nmol of angiotensin II (Ang II) dissolved in vehicle or the vehicle alone. Ang II consistently increased rate of acquisition of conditioned avoidance response (CARs) and facilitated recall of the passive avoidance behaviour. In one out of the three series of experiments in open field Ang II stimulated rats locomotor activity. Losartan and PD 123319, both ineffective alone, given prior to Ang II abolished all the behavioural changes produced by the peptide except for the Ang II facilitation of CARs acquisition, which was unchanged by losartan. Interestingly, joint injection of losartan and PD 123319 significantly decreased the rate of CARs acquisition both in control and Ang II treated animals. In conclusion, the present data suggest significant though different involvement of both AT(1) and AT(2) angiotensin receptors in cognitive processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Braszko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Academy of Bialystok, Ludwik Zamenhof Childrens Hospital, J. Waszyngtona St. 15 A, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Skali H, Pfeffer MA. Prospects for ARB in the next five years. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2001; 2:215-8. [PMID: 11881126 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2001.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Skali
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Corti R, Burnett JC, Rouleau JL, Ruschitzka F, Lüscher TF. Vasopeptidase inhibitors: a new therapeutic concept in cardiovascular disease? Circulation 2001; 104:1856-62. [PMID: 11591626 DOI: 10.1161/hc4001.097191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is regulated by hemodynamic and neurohumoral mechanisms. These regulatory systems play a key role in modulating cardiac function, vascular tone, and structure. Although neurohumoral systems are essential in vascular homeostasis, they become maladaptive in disease states such as hypertension, coronary disease, and heart failure. The clinical success of ACE inhibitors has led to efforts to block other humoral systems. Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is an endothelial cell surface zinc metallopeptidase with similar structure and catalytic site. NEP is the major enzymatic pathway for degradation of natriuretic peptides, a secondary enzymatic pathway for degradation of kinins, and adrenomedullin. The natriuretic peptides can be viewed as endogenous inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system. Inhibition of NEP increases levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) of myocardial cell origin, and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) of endothelial cell origin as well as bradykinin and adrenomedullin. By simultaneously inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and potentiating the natriuretic peptide and kinin systems, vasopeptidase inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction, enhance vasodilation, improve sodium/water balance, and, in turn, decrease peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and improve local blood flow. Within the blood vessel wall, this leads to a reduction of vasoconstrictor and proliferative mediators such as angiotensin II and increased local levels of bradykinin (and, in turn, nitric oxide) and natriuretic peptides. Preliminary clinical experiences with vasopeptidase inhibitors are encouraging. Thus, the combined inhibition of ACE and neutral endopeptidase is a new and promising approach to treat patients with hypertension, atherosclerosis, or heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Corti
- CardioVascular Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Important new advances have occurred in our understanding and approach to management of high blood pressure in the elderly. New clinical trials have re-emphasized the risk of development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications associated with isolated elevations in systolic blood pressure as well as the safety and efficacy of interventions to reduce blood pressure. These trials have shown that systolic blood pressure can be reduced by interventions such as weight loss, restriction of dietary sodium intake, and drugs. In several new trials, the long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers have been found to be safe and effective in these patients but not superior to other drugs. As in younger individuals with hypertension, drug therapy should be targeted to address comorbidity. Education of primary care physicians concerning these new findings is the next step in reducing the morbidity and mortality of this common problem in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Gennari
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burgess 315, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|