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Baboumian S, Puma L, Swencionis C, Astbury NM, Ho J, Pantazatos SP, Geliebter A. Binge Eating (BE) and Obesity: Brain Activity and Psychological Measures before and after Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Nutrients 2023; 15:3808. [PMID: 37686840 PMCID: PMC10490010 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain activity in response to food cues following Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in binge eating (BE) or non-binge eating (NB) individuals is understudied. Here, 15 RYGB (8 BE; 7 NB) and 13 no treatment (NT) (7 BE; 6 NB) women with obesity underwent fMRI imaging while viewing high and low energy density food (HEF and LEF, respectively) and non-food (NF) visual cues. A region of interest (ROI) analysis compared BE participants to NB participants in those undergoing RYGB surgery pre-surgery and 4 months post. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons using liberal (p < 0.006 uncorrected) and stringent (p < 0.05 FDR corrected) thresholds. Four months following RYGB (vs. no treatment (NT) control), both BE and NB participants showed greater reductions in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals (a proxy of local brain activity) in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in response to HEF (vs. LEF) cues (p < 0.006). BE (vs. NB) participants showed greater increases in the precuneus (p < 0.006) and thalamic regions (p < 0.05 corrected) to food (vs. NF). For RYGB (vs. NT) participants, BE participants, but not NB participants, showed lower BOLD signal in the middle occipital gyrus (p < 0.006), whilst NB participants, but not BE participants, showed lower signal in inferior frontal gyrus (p < 0.006) in response to HEF (vs. LEF). Results suggest distinct neural mechanisms of RGYB in BE and may help lead to improved clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunte Baboumian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Morningside, 1111 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Lauren Puma
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Morningside, 1111 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Charles Swencionis
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 500 West 185th Street, New York, NY 10033, USA
| | - Nerys M. Astbury
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Jennifer Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Morningside, 1111 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Spiro P. Pantazatos
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Allan Geliebter
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Morningside, 1111 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10025, USA
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Kimmel M, Ferguson E, Zerwas S, Bulik C, Meltzer-Brody S. Obstetric and gynecologic problems associated with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:260-75. [PMID: 26711005 PMCID: PMC5683401 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article summarizes the literature on obstetric and gynecologic complications associated with eating disorders. METHOD We performed a comprehensive search of the current literature on obstetric and gynecologic complications associated with eating disorders using PubMed. More recent randomized-controlled trials and larger data sets received priority. We also chose those that we felt would be the most relevant to providers. RESULTS Common obstetric and gynecologic complications for women with eating disorders include infertility, unplanned pregnancy, miscarriage, poor nutrition during pregnancy, having a baby with small head circumference, postpartum depression and anxiety, sexual dysfunction and complications in the treatment for gynecologic cancers. There are also unique associations by eating disorder diagnosis, such as earlier cessation of breastfeeding in anorexia nervosa; increased polycystic ovarian syndrome in bulimia nervosa; and complications of obesity as a result of binge eating disorder. DISCUSSION We focus on possible biological and psychosocial factors underpinning risk for poor obstetric and gynecological outcomes in eating disorders. Understanding these factors may improve both our understanding of the reproductive needs of women with eating disorders and their medical outcomes. We also highlight the importance of building multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care to women with eating disorders during the reproductive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Kimmel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Correspondence to: M.C. Kimmel, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - E.H. Ferguson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - S. Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - C.M. Bulik
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Abstract
Awareness of the signs and symptoms of eating disorders is essential for primary care physicians who work with children, adolescents, and young adults. In this article, Drs Kondo and Sokol describe the clinical manifestations of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, which usually occur in adolescence and early adulthood, and pica and rumination disorder, which are more characteristic of infancy and early childhood. The authors also discuss risk factors for and medical complications of eating disorders and present current treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Rosenvinge JH, Pettersen G. Epidemiology of eating disorders part II: an update with a special reference to the DSM-5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21662630.2014.940549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The association of binge eating and neighbourhood fast-food restaurant availability on diet and weight status. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:352-60. [PMID: 24476972 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013003546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fast-food restaurants (FFR) are prevalent. Binge eating is common among overweight and obese women. For women prone to binge eating, neighbourhood FFR availability (i.e. the neighbourhood around one's home) may promote poor diet and overweight/obesity. The present study tested the effects of binge eating and neighbourhood FFR availability on diet (fat and total energy intake) and BMI among African American and Hispanic/Latino women. DESIGN All measures represent baseline data from the Health is Power randomized clinical trial. The numbers of FFR in participants' neighbourhoods were counted and dichotomized (0 or ≥1 neighbourhood FFR). Participants completed measures of binge eating status and diet. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. 2 (binge eating status) × 2 (neighbourhood FFR availability) ANCOVA tested effects on diet and BMI while controlling for demographics. SETTING Houston and Austin, TX, USA. SUBJECTS African American and Hispanic/Latino women aged 25-60 years. RESULTS Of the total sample (n 162), 48 % had 1-15 neighbourhood FFR and 29 % were binge eaters. There was an interaction effect on BMI (P = 0·05). Binge eaters with ≥1 neighbourhood FFR had higher BMI than non-binge eaters or binge eaters with no neighbourhood FFR. There were no significant interactions or neighbourhood FFR main effects on total energy or fat intake (P > 0·05). A main effect of binge eating showed that binge eaters consumed more total energy (P = 0·005) and fat (P = 0·005) than non-binge eaters. CONCLUSIONS Binge eaters represented a substantial proportion of this predominantly overweight and obese sample of African American and Hispanic/Latino women. The association between neighbourhood FFR availability and weight status is complicated by binge eating status, which is related to diet.
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Ramacciotti CE, Coli E, Marazziti D, Segura-García C, Brambilla F, Piccinni A, Dell'osso L. Therapeutic options for binge eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord 2013; 18:3-9. [PMID: 23757245 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-013-0003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article addresses the state of the art concerning the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED). Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic strategies, together with issues concerning the involvement in bariatric surgery are considered. METHOD A Medline enquiry of published articles was performed using the following keywords: BED, pharmacological treatment, duloxetine, venlafaxine, SSRI, psychotherapy, bariatric surgery; reviews and single-case studies were also analyzed. RESULTS Psychological interventions that have shown efficacy in the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa have also been tested in BED with positive results, in particular modified cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy and dialectical behavior therapy. In addition pharmacotherapy with SSRIs is successful in transiently reducing binge-eating and body weight; the SNRI duloxetine is effective for reducing binge eating, and global severity of illness with a controversial effect on body weight; both topiramate and sibutramine seem promising, but their use is restricted due to labeling and side effect limitations, respectively. Finally, adequate psychological/pharmacological support can help BED patients obtain positive outcomes from bariatric surgery. CONCLUSION Studies on BED treatment are burdened by several limitations as selection biases (e.g. mostly women and overweight), small samples, high drop-out rates and placebo response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Ramacciotti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100, Pisa, Italy,
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Silva JR, Ortiz M, Quiñones Á, Vera-Villarroel P, Slachevsky A. Affective style and eating disorders: a field study. Eat Weight Disord 2011; 16:e73-80. [PMID: 20966636 DOI: 10.3275/7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are a heterogeneous group of problems related to restraint and/or overeating. It is proposed that individual differences in affective reactivity and moods (affective style) might be related to these behaviours. Variations in affective style are expressed by differing levels of sensitivity to the motivation systems of approach and avoidance. The present study tested whether a relation exists between ED and variations in the sensitivity of motivational systems as well as mood dispositions. A total of 2020 undergraduate students completed the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), the Behavioural Inhibition System and Behavioural Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The results showed a significant within- subject interaction of Alimentary group x Motivation (F=4.056; p<0.007). It was also observed that the Overeating group had lower levels of motivation asymmetry than the Normal (p<0.01) and Restrictive (p<0.005) groups and marginally lower levels than the Purgative group (p<0.07). The study results suggest mainly that the avoidance/inhibition motivational system is related to eating problems connected with overeating, including chronic alimentary restraint (chronic dieters). The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Silva
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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8
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Napolitano MA, Himes S. Race, weight, and correlates of binge eating in female college students. Eat Behav 2011; 12:29-36. [PMID: 21184970 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the correlates of race, weight status, and binge eating among 715 female undergraduate students (77% Caucasian; 13% African American) enrolled at an urban university. Approximately 21.7% of Caucasians and 36.8% of African-Americans (AA) were overweight/obese. Higher BMI was associated with BED, and severity of binge eating symptoms. After removing participants who endorsed compensatory behaviors ≥ 1×/week from the analyses, 8.4% of the sample met criteria for BED (2.4% of the AA and 9.9% of the Caucasian students) and 44% reported severe binge eating symptoms. AA students were less likely to have BED than Caucasian students and reported less severe binge eating symptomatology. For Caucasian students, mood, cognitive restraint, drive for thinness, and BMI all contributed significant individual variance in binge eating severity. For African Americans, mood, body image dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness were found to be unique contributors. For those meeting criteria for BED, retrospectively recalled predictors of binge eating included negative affect (e.g., self-anger, worry, guilt), but not hunger. Behavioral triggers for binge behavior differed by race, as well, with African American students retrospectively reporting lower levels of anxiety prior to bingeing. Results from this study suggest that there are racial differences in binge eating behaviors. Future studies are needed to examine differences in eating practices among racial groups (e.g., grazing, large portions, high fat food preparation) that may contribute to early onset weight gain and obesity. The results suggest the importance of sensitive tailored weight and disordered eating interventions for college women from diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Napolitano
- Departments of Kinesiology and Public Health, Temple University, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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9
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Abstract
The eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified disproportionately affect women, have profound effects on the overall well-being of women and their children, and can have mortality rates as high as those found with major depression. These disorders may present to obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) clinically as menstrual dysfunction, low bone density, sexual dysfunction, miscarriage, preterm delivery, or low birth weight in offspring. Ninety percent of eating disorders develop before the age of 25 in otherwise healthy young women, a group that characteristically seeks the majority of their health care from ob-gyns. For all of these reasons, ob-gyns must have a greater awareness of these disorders and a lower index of suspicion for screening their patients than they currently do. Otherwise, they may miss life-threatening illness, treat characteristic amenorrhea inappropriately, or inadvertently intervene to help these women conceive, contributing to maternal and fetal risks. As providers of both primary and specialty care for women, ob-gyns have the opportunity to play a vital role in prevention and diagnosis of eating disorders and in the multidisciplinary management required to effectively manage these disorders.
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10
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Ramacciotti CE, Coli E, Bondi E, Burgalassi A, Massimetti G, Dell'osso L. Shared psychopathology in obese subjects with and without binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:643-9. [PMID: 18528872 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate obese people with/without binge-eating Disorder (BED) in terms of shared psychopathological features pertaining to spectrum of eating disorders. METHOD One-hundred obese adult patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m(2) referred to an Eating Disorder Unit and/or hospital weight-loss programs were administered the BED Clinical Interview, the Eating Disorder Inventory, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Anorexic-Bulimic Spectrum, Self-Report. RESULTS Twenty-seven subjects satisfied DSM-IV research criteria for current BED; compared to nonbingeing obese subjects, BED ones were characterized by greater weight-shape concerns influencing self-esteem (p = .05), overall impairment due to the overweight condition (p < .005), psychological distress leading to professional help (p < .001), dichotomous reasoning (p = .01) and secondary social phobia due to the overweight condition (p < .005). Compared to the other group, BED obese subjects scored higher at the following EDI subscales: bulimia (p < .0001), ineffectiveness (p < .01), interoceptive awareness and social insecurity (p < .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study highlight the role of cognitive mechanisms such as dichotomous reasoning and weight-shape concerns unduly influencing self-esteem as a hallmark of BED in obese patients, and the importance of investigating eating disorder psychopathology by adopting a dimensional perspective, rather than strictly focusing on categories when dealing with obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Ramacciotti
- Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Biotechnologies, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.
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11
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Brennan BP, Roberts JL, Fogarty KV, Reynolds KA, Jonas JM, Hudson JI. Memantine in the treatment of binge eating disorder: an open-label, prospective trial. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:520-6. [PMID: 18433015 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess preliminarily the efficacy of memantine in binge eating disorder. METHOD This was an open-label, 12-week, flexible-dose (5-20 mg/day) trial of memantine in binge eating disorder. The primary outcome was frequency of binge days. Secondary outcomes included frequency of binge episodes, body-mass index (BMI), weight, Clinical Global Impressions Severity (CGI-S), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Longitudinal random regression analysis was performed for frequency of binge days and episodes, BMI, weight, and CGI-S; analysis of baseline to endpoint change was performed for all outcomes. RESULTS Sixteen individuals received memantine; 15 completed at least one postbaseline evaluation, 9 completed the study. Mean dose at endpoint was 18.3 mg/day. Memantine was associated with significant reductions in frequency of binge days and episodes, severity of illness (p < .001 for both analyses), disinhibition on the TFEQ (p = .015), and disability on the SDS (p < .05 for three subscales). There was no significant change in BMI, weight, MADRS, HAM-A, and TFEQ cognitive restraint and hunger. CONCLUSION In this open-label trial, memantine was well tolerated and effective in reducing binge eating, severity of illness, and disability, but had little effect on BMI and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Brennan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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12
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Geliebter A, Ochner CN, Aviram-Friedman R. Appetite-Related Gut Peptides in Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder. Am J Lifestyle Med 2008; 2:305-314. [PMID: 29367837 PMCID: PMC5777608 DOI: 10.1177/1559827608317358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in obesity prevalence is a result of positive energy balance, with energy intake exceeding expenditure. The eating behavior in obesity ranges from mild passive overconsumption to excessive overeating with loss of control observed in binge eating disorder (BED). The signaling systems that underlie appetite control in BED are complex and, at this point, not well understood. The present review highlights the current knowledge of key components of the gut peptide system and examines evidence of defects in signaling that differentiate obese binge eaters from obese non-binge eaters. The signaling network underlying hunger, satiety, and metabolic status includes leptin and insulin from energy stores and cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY(3-36), and ghrelin from the gastrointestinal tract. Of the many gastrointestinal peptides, ghrelin is the only established appetite-stimulating one, whereas cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide YY(3-36) promote satiety. Adipose tissue provides hormonal signals via leptin and insulin to the brain about energy stores and likely from adiponectin and resistin. Binge eating has been related to a dysfunction in the ghrelin signaling system. Moreover, the larger gastric capacity observed in BED may further reduce satiety signals and contribute to overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Geliebter
- NY Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Christopher N Ochner
- NY Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Roni Aviram-Friedman
- NY Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Bauer C, Fischer A, Keller U. Effect of sibutramine and of cognitive-behavioural weight loss therapy in obesity and subclinical binge eating disorder. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006; 8:289-95. [PMID: 16634988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effect of sibutramine and cognitive-behavioural weight loss (cognitive-BWL) treatment was assessed in obese subjects with and without subclinical binge eating disorder (sBED). METHODS Seventy-three obese participants were recruited from the community, 29 with and 44 without sBED. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 16-week treatment with either sibutramine or placebo while simultaneously participating in a cognitive-behavioural weight loss treatment. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analysis showed moderate weight loss after treatment in all subject groups. Treatment with BWL programs and sibutramine leads to a higher weight loss in all subjects compared with that in patients who had undergone BWL programs alone. Subjects with sBED significantly reduced their binge episodes during treatment, but with no augmenting effect of sibutramine. DISCUSSION Our results yield further evidence that sBED is associated with characteristics comparable with full-syndrome BED, significantly differing from those of obesity alone. These findings call for a systematic assessment of eating behaviour before starting obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Gluck ME. Stress response and binge eating disorder. Appetite 2006; 46:26-30. [PMID: 16260065 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice, obese patients report stress as a primary trigger for binge eating. However, the biological mechanism underlying this relationship is poorly understood. This paper presents, a theoretical overview of how cortisol secretion, a major component of the stress response, could play a role in binge eating, given that exogenous glucocorticoids can lead to obesity by increasing food intake. I will discuss findings from recent studies demonstrating links between laboratory stress, cortisol, food intake and abdominal fat in humans. Cortisol is elevated following laboratory stressors in women with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and obesity, but has not been widely studied in women with binge eating disorder (BED). Additionally, I will review recent findings demonstrating a greater cortisol response to stress in obese women with BED compared to non-BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marci E Gluck
- New York Obesity Research Center, Departments of Medicine, St Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University-College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Proulx
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2170 East Galbraith Road, ML 0506, Building 43, Room 312, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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Arnone D. Review of the use of Topiramate for treatment of psychiatric disorders. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2005; 4:5. [PMID: 15845141 PMCID: PMC1088011 DOI: 10.1186/1744-859x-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug, originally designed as an oral hypoglycaemic subsequently approved as anticonvulsant. It has increasingly been used in the treatment of numerous psychiatric conditions and it has also been associated with weight loss potentially relevant in reversing weight gain induced by psychotropic medications. This article reviews pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of topiramate, its biological putative role in treating psychiatric disorders and its relevance in clinical practice. METHODS: A comprehensive search from a range of databases was conducted and papers addressing the topic were selected. RESULTS: Thirty-two published reports met criteria for inclusion, 4 controlled and 28 uncontrolled studies. Five unpublished controlled studies were also identified in the treatment of acute mania. CONCLUSIONS: Topiramate lacks efficacy in the treatment of acute mania. Increasing evidence, based on controlled studies, supports the use of topiramate in binge eating disorders, bulimia nervosa, alcohol dependence and possibly in bipolar disorders in depressive phase. In the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorders, as adjunctive treatment in refractory bipolar disorder in adults and children, schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder, unipolar depression, emotionally unstable personality disorder and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome the evidence is entirely based on open label studies, case reports and case series. Regarding weight loss, findings are encouraging and have potential implications in reversing increased body weight, normalisation of glycemic control and blood pressure. Topiramate was generally well tolerated and serious adverse events were rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Arnone
- Department of Psychiatry, Springfield University Hospital, St George's Medical School, London, UK.
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Hellström PM, Geliebter A, Näslund E, Schmidt PT, Yahav EK, Hashim SA, Yeomans MR. Peripheral and central signals in the control of eating in normal, obese and binge-eating human subjects. Br J Nutr 2004; 92 Suppl 1:S47-57. [PMID: 15384323 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity is a consequence of a positive energy balance, with energy intake exceeding expenditure. The signalling systems that underlie appetite control are complex, and the present review highlights our current understanding of key components of these systems. The pattern of eating in obesity ranges from over-eating associated with binge-eating disorder to the absence of binge-eating. The present review also examines evidence of defects in signalling that differentiate these sub-types. The signalling network underlying hunger, satiety and metabolic status includes the hormonal signals leptin and insulin from energy stores, and cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin and peptide YY3-36 from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as neuronal influences via the vagus nerve from the digestive tract. This information is routed to specific nuclei of the hypothalamus and brain stem, such as the arcuate nucleus and the solitary tract nucleus respectively, which in turn activate distinct neuronal networks. Of the numerous neuropeptides in the brain, neuropeptide Y, agouti gene-related peptide and orexin stimulate appetite, while melanocortins and alpha-melanocortin-stimulating hormone are involved in satiety. Of the many gastrointestinal peptides, ghrelin is the only appetite-stimulating hormone, whereas cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY3-36 promote satiety. Adipose tissue provides signals about energy storage levels to the brain through leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Binge-eating has been related to a dysfunction in the ghrelin signalling system. Moreover, changes in gastric capacity are observed, and as gastric capacity is increased, so satiety signals arising from gastric and post-gastric cues are reduced. Understanding the host of neuropeptides and peptide hormones through which hunger and satiety operate should lead to novel therapeutic approaches for obesity; potential therapeutic strategies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Hellström
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lee JH. Treatment of Obese Binge Eater. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2004. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2004.47.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dingemans AE, Bruna MJ, van Furth EF. Binge eating disorder: a review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2002; 26:299-307. [PMID: 11896484 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2000] [Revised: 03/14/2001] [Accepted: 11/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a new proposed eating disorder in the DSM-IV. BED is not a formal diagnosis within the DSM-IV, but in day-to-day clinical practice the diagnosis seems to be generally accepted. People with the BED-syndrome have binge eating episodes as do subjects with bulimia nervosa, but unlike the latter they do not engage in compensatory behaviours. Although the diagnosis BED was created with the obese in mind, obesity is not a criterion. This paper gives an overview of its epidemiology, characteristics, aetiology, criteria, course and treatment. BED seems to be highly prevalent among subjects seeking weight loss treatment (1.3-30.1%). Studies with compared BED, BN and obesity indicated that individuals with BED exhibit levels of psychopathology that fall somewhere between the high levels reported by individuals with BN and the low levels reported by obese individuals. Characteristics of BED seemed to bear a closer resemblance to those of BN than of those of obesity.A review of RCT's showed that presently cognitive behavioural treatment is the treatment of choice but interpersonal psychotherapy, self-help and SSRI's seem effective. The first aim of treatment should be the cessation of binge eating. Treatment of weight loss may be offered to those who are able to abstain from binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dingemans
- Robert-Fleury Stichting, National Centre for Eating Disorders, Leidschendam, The Netherlands.
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Watkins JA, Sargent RG, Miller PM, Ureda JR, Drane WJ, Richler DL. A study of the attribution style, self-efficacy, and dietary restraint in female binge and non-binge eaters. Eat Weight Disord 2001; 6:188-96. [PMID: 11808814 DOI: 10.1007/bf03339742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the role that attribution style and self-efficacy expectations have in overweight binge and non-binge eaters. The subjects were women (n=210) enrolled for weight control treatment, who completed a questionnaire to assess attribution style and self efficacy expectations. They were categorized into three binge eating disorder (BED) groups: non-BED, borderline BED and BED. The results of the ANOVA analysis indicated that the borderline and BED groups were significantly similar in terms of all measures of attribution and self-efficacy; and logistic regression analysis that the odds of being borderline BED or BED were greater if an individual had internal attributions, and more likely in the presence of diminished self-efficacy expectations. The subjects with low levels of eating self-efficacy and internal, global, and uncontrollable attributions were also more likely to have borderline BED and BED. The implications of the borderline BED category are discussed in relationship to the DSM-IV BED diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Watkins
- School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA
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Abstract
Cultural beliefs and attitudes have been identified as significant contributing factors in the development of eating disorders. Rates of these disorders appear to vary among different racial/ethnic and national groups, and they also change across time as cultures evolve. Eating disorders are, in fact, more prevalent within various cultural groups than previously recognized, both within American ethnic minorities and those in other countries. This review examines evidence for the role of culture as an etiological factor for the development of eating disorders. Historical and cross-cultural experiences suggest that cultural change itself may be associated with increased vulnerability to eating disorders, especially when values about physical aesthetics are involved. Such change may occur across time within a given society, or on an individual level, as when an immigrant moves into a new culture. Further research into the cultural factors that promote the development of eating disorders is much needed. Understanding how cultural forces contribute to the development of disorders is needed so that preventive interventions can be created.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Miller
- Department of Psychiatry at the James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614, USA.
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Ramacciotti CE, Coli E, Passaglia C, Lacorte M, Pea E, Dell'Osso L. Binge eating disorder: prevalence and psychopathological features in a clinical sample of obese people in Italy. Psychiatry Res 2000; 94:131-8. [PMID: 10808038 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a recently conceptualized eating disturbance, and its clinical features and prevalence are still a matter of debate. This study uses interview methodology to estimate the prevalence of BED in Italy in a sample of 66 obese people presenting for treatment, and examines potential related features typical of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. The lifetime and the 6-month prevalences of BED were 18.1 and 12.1%, respectively. Breaking the group down on the basis of the current as well as lifetime presence of BED, we found that the weight and shape primary to self-esteem, and the interpersonal distress related to body image, were associated with lifetime BED (P<0.05). All-or-none thinking about food and dieting was typical of BED patients as a whole, either current (P<0.01) or remitted (P<0.05). We discuss two important findings from our study: (a) the key role of self-esteem depending upon weight and shape in discriminating the eating-disordered obese from non-eating-disordered individuals; and (b) the need to explore the whole lifespan when screening for BED, so pointing to the state-trait issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ramacciotti
- Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Biotechnologies, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Miller PM, Watkins JA, Sargent RG, Rickert EJ. Self-efficacy in overweight individuals with binge eating disorder. OBESITY RESEARCH 1999; 7:552-5. [PMID: 10574513 DOI: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between self-efficacy judgments in obese individuals with binge eating disorder, "borderline" binge eating disorder, and no binge eating problems. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Before participation in a residential weight management program, 79 male and female subjects were administered the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL) and the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Based on DSM-IV diagnostic questions, subjects were categorized as BED, Borderline BED, or non-BED. RESULTS Krusal-Wallace Rank-Order analysis of variance revealed significant negative associations between binge eating and total WEL scores as well as the subscales of Negative Emotions, Social Pressure, Physical Discomfort, and Positive Activities. Differences were significant between the BED and the Borderline BED groups with the exception of the Social Pressure scale and the Total WEL scores. BED diagnosis as well as severity of binge eating were strongly associated with low self-efficacy ratings. DISCUSSION These results indicate that obese individuals with binge eating disorder demonstrate lower self-efficacy than those without this condition and that self-efficacy is related to the severity of binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Miller
- Hilton Head Health Institute, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina 29928, USA.
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Abstract
Little is known about the long-term course of binge eating disorder (BED). The aim of the study was to assess the 3- and 6-year course and outcome of 68 consecutively treated females with BED. Their mean age was 29.3 years and they were assessed longitudinally at four timepoints: (1) beginning of therapy; (2) end of therapy; (3) 3-year follow-up; and (4) 6-year follow-up. Self rating as well as expert ratings were used for assessment. Symptoms of specific eating disorder as well as general psychopathology were measured. The general pattern of results over time was as follows: substantial improvement during therapy; slight (in most cases nonsignificant) decline during the first 3 years after the end of treatment, and further improvement and stabilization in years 4, 5, and 6 after the end of treatment. At the 6-year follow-up, the majority showed no major DSM-IV eating disorder, 5.9% had BED, 7.4% had shifted to bulimia nervosa (purging type) (DSM-IV), 7.4% were classified as ED-NOS, and one patient died. Based on an operationalized global outcome score for the complete sample, 57.4% had good outcome, 35.3% intermediate outcome, 5.9% poor outcome, and one person (1.4%) died. BED and BNP patients showed very similar intermediate and long-term course in self ratings as well as expert ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Germany.
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