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Paluvai H, Di Giorgio E, Brancolini C. The Histone Code of Senescence. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020466. [PMID: 32085582 PMCID: PMC7072776 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the end point of a complex cellular response that proceeds through a set of highly regulated steps. Initially, the permanent cell-cycle arrest that characterizes senescence is a pro-survival response to irreparable DNA damage. The maintenance of this prolonged condition requires the adaptation of the cells to an unfavorable, demanding and stressful microenvironment. This adaptation is orchestrated through a deep epigenetic resetting. A first wave of epigenetic changes builds a dam on irreparable DNA damage and sustains the pro-survival response and the cell-cycle arrest. Later on, a second wave of epigenetic modifications allows the genomic reorganization to sustain the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. The balanced epigenetic dynamism of senescent cells influences physiological processes, such as differentiation, embryogenesis and aging, while its alteration leads to cancer, neurodegeneration and premature aging. Here we provide an overview of the most relevant histone modifications, which characterize senescence, aging and the activation of a prolonged DNA damage response.
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are regarded as a diseases of accelerated lung ageing and show all of the hallmarks of ageing, including telomere shortening, cellular senescence, activation of PI3 kinase-mTOR signaling, impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic changes, abnormal microRNA profiles, immunosenescence and a low grade chronic inflammation due to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Many of these ageing mechanisms are driven by exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress. There is also a reduction in anti-ageing molecules, such as sirtuins and Klotho, which further accelerate the ageing process. Understanding these molecular mechanisms has identified several novel therapeutic targets and several drugs and dietary interventions are now in development to treat chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Roman J, Zhu J, Ritzenthaler JD, Zelko IN. Epigenetic regulation of EC-SOD expression in aging lung fibroblasts: Role of histone acetylation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:212-223. [PMID: 28757400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung disorders characterized by fibroproliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrices occur in late adulthood, and their pathological manifestations become more prominent with aging. The exact mechanisms linking aging and fibroproliferative disorders are unknown, but increased oxidative stress resulting in the accumulation of damaged proteins, DNA, and lipids is considered a major factor. In the lung, and especially in the pulmonary fibroblasts, the extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a major antioxidant enzyme that has been implicated in pulmonary fibrosing disorders, among others. Here, we investigate the regulation of EC-SOD in pulmonary lung fibroblasts derived from young (up to 3 month) and old (24 month) C57BL6 mice. We found that old fibroblasts have marginally elevated levels of reactive oxidant species (ROS), which coincides with attenuated expression a number of antioxidant enzymes including EC-SOD. Exposure of old fibroblasts to the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-dC did not restore expression of EC-SOD. On the other hand, repression of EC-SOD expression was associated with deacetylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 and lysines 5, 8, 12 and 16 on histone H4 located at the gene promoter. Interestingly, the repressive tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 was elevated in old compared to young fibroblasts. In addition, exposure of old lung fibroblasts to HDAC class 1 and class 2 inhibitors restored EC-SOD expression to the level observed in young fibroblasts. While the exact mechanism of age-dependent downregulation of EC-SOD is yet to be defined, our studies indicate a potential role of epigenetic mechanisms including histone deacetylation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jianxin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Ritzenthaler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Igor N Zelko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Samaraweera L, Adomako A, Rodriguez-Gabin A, McDaid HM. A Novel Indication for Panobinostat as a Senolytic Drug in NSCLC and HNSCC. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1900. [PMID: 28507307 PMCID: PMC5432488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Panobinostat (pano) is an FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor. There is interest in evaluating alternate dosing schedules and novel combinations of pano for the treatment of upper aerodigestive and lung malignancies; thus we evaluated it in combination with Taxol, a chemotherapeutic with activity in both diseases. Dose-dependent synergy was observed in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and was due to senescence rather than potentiation of cell death. Senescence occurred following cisplatin- or Taxol-treatment in cell lines from both cancer types and was associated with decreased histone 3 (H3) acetylation and increased Bcl-xL expression: the latter a biomarker of senescence and target of anti-senescence therapeutics, or senolytics. Since H3 acetylation and Bcl-xL expression were altered in senescence, we subsequently evaluated pano as a senolytic in chemotherapy-treated cancer cells enriched for senescent cells. Pano caused cell death at significantly higher rates compared to repeat dosing with chemotherapy. This was associated with decreased expression of Bcl-xL and increased acetylated H3, reversing the expression patterns observed in senescence. These data support evaluating pano as a post-chemotherapy senolytic with the potential to kill persistent senescent cells that accumulate during standard chemotherapy in NSCLC and HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leleesha Samaraweera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alfred Adomako
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alicia Rodriguez-Gabin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hayley M McDaid
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Sakaki M, Ebihara Y, Okamura K, Nakabayashi K, Igarashi A, Matsumoto K, Hata K, Kobayashi Y, Maehara K. Potential roles of DNA methylation in the initiation and establishment of replicative senescence revealed by array-based methylome and transcriptome analyses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171431. [PMID: 28158250 PMCID: PMC5291461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is classified into two groups: replicative and premature senescence. Gene expression and epigenetic changes are reported to differ between these two groups and cell types. Normal human diploid fibroblast TIG-3 cells have often been used in cellular senescence research; however, their epigenetic profiles are still not fully understood. To elucidate how cellular senescence is epigenetically regulated in TIG-3 cells, we analyzed the gene expression and DNA methylation profiles of three types of senescent cells, namely, replicatively senescent, ras-induced senescent (RIS), and non-permissive temperature-induced senescent SVts8 cells, using gene expression and DNA methylation microarrays. The expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and immune response was commonly either down- or up-regulated in the three types of senescent cells, respectively. The altered DNA methylation patterns were observed in replicatively senescent cells, but not in prematurely senescent cells. Interestingly, hypomethylated CpG sites detected on non-CpG island regions ("open sea") were enriched in immune response-related genes that had non-CpG island promoters. The integrated analysis of gene expression and methylation in replicatively senescent cells demonstrated that differentially expressed 867 genes, including cell cycle- and immune response-related genes, were associated with DNA methylation changes in CpG sites close to the transcription start sites (TSSs). Furthermore, several miRNAs regulated in part through DNA methylation were found to affect the expression of their targeted genes. Taken together, these results indicate that the epigenetic changes of DNA methylation regulate the expression of a certain portion of genes and partly contribute to the introduction and establishment of replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Sakaki
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ebihara
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Igarashi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kobayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kayoko Maehara
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi, Nara, Japan
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Grammatikakis I, Panda AC, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) and the molecular hallmarks of aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:992-1009. [PMID: 25543668 PMCID: PMC4298369 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During aging, progressive deleterious changes increase the risk of disease and death. Prominent molecular hallmarks of aging are genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes, including age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence is emerging that lncRNAs influence the molecular processes that underlie age-associated phenotypes. Here, we review our current understanding of lncRNAs that control the development of aging traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Christodoulou MS, Thomas A, Poulain S, Vidakovic M, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Matulis D, Bertrand P, Bartova E, Blanquart C, Mikros E, Fokialakis N, Passarella D, Benhida R, Martinet N. Can we use the epigenetic bioactivity of caloric restriction and phytochemicals to promote healthy ageing? MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Why is it relevant to propose epigenetic “Nutricures” to prevent diseases linked with ageing?
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