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Li W, Li S, Xu G, Man X, Yang T, Zhang Z, Liang H, Yang F. Developing a Ruthenium(III) Complex to Trigger Gasdermin E-Mediated Pyroptosis and an Immune Response Based on Decitabine and Liposomes: Targeting Inhibition of Gastric Tumor Growth and Metastasis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13072-13085. [PMID: 37702429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
To develop next-generation metal drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity for targeting inhibition of gastric tumor growth and metastasis, we not only optimized a series of ruthenium (Ru, III) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes to obtain a Ru(III) complex (4b) with remarkable cytotoxicity in vitro but also constructed a 4b-decitabine (DCT)/liposome (Lip) delivery system (4b-DCT-Lip). The in vivo results showed that 4b-DCT-Lip not only had a stronger capacity to inhibit gastric tumor growth and metastasis than 4b-DCT but also addressed the co-delivery problems of 4b-DCT and improved their targeting ability. Furthermore, we confirmed the mechanism of 4b-DCT/4b-DCT-Lip inhibiting the growth and metastasis of a gastric tumor. DCT-upregulated gasdermin E (GSDME) was cleaved by 4b-activated caspase-3 to afford GSDME-N terminal and then was aggregated to form nonselective pores on the cell membrane of a gastric tumor, thereby inducing pyroptosis and a pyroptosis-induced immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueyu Man
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
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2
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Fatima Qizilbash F, Sartaj A, Qamar Z, Kumar S, Imran M, Mohammed Y, Ali J, Baboota S, Ali A. Nanotechnology revolutionises breast cancer treatment: harnessing lipid-based nanocarriers to combat cancer cells. J Drug Target 2023; 31:794-816. [PMID: 37525966 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2243403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common cancers that occur in females is breast cancer. Despite the significant leaps and bounds that have been made in treatment of breast cancer, the disease remains one of the leading causes of death among women and a major public health challenge. The therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutics is hindered by chemoresistance and toxicity. Nano-based lipid drug delivery systems offer controlled drug release, nanometric size and site-specific targeting. Breast cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite this, no single method of treatment for the condition is currently effective due to cancer stem cell metastasis and chemo-resistance. Therefore, the employment of nanocarrier systems is necessary in order to target breast cancer stem cells. This article addresses breast cancer treatment options, including modern treatment procedures such as chemotherapy, etc. and some innovative therapeutic options highlighting the role of lipidic nanocarriers loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs such as nanoemulsion, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and liposomes, and their investigations have demonstrated that they can limit cancer cell growth, reduce the risk of recurrence, as well as minimise post-chemotherapy metastasis. This article also explores FDA-approved lipid-based nanocarriers, commercially available formulations, and ligand-based formulations that are being considered for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Lloyd School of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, India
| | - Zufika Qamar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Meerut, India
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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3
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Nel J, Elkhoury K, Velot É, Bianchi A, Acherar S, Francius G, Tamayol A, Grandemange S, Arab-Tehrany E. Functionalized liposomes for targeted breast cancer drug delivery. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:401-437. [PMID: 36632508 PMCID: PMC9812688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the exceptional progress in breast cancer pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, it remains a prominent cause of female mortality worldwide. Additionally, although chemotherapies are effective, they are associated with critical limitations, most notably their lack of specificity resulting in systemic toxicity and the eventual development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. Liposomes have proven to be an invaluable drug delivery system but of the multitudes of liposomal systems developed every year only a few have been approved for clinical use, none of which employ active targeting. In this review, we summarize the most recent strategies in development for actively targeted liposomal drug delivery systems for surface, transmembrane and internal cell receptors, enzymes, direct cell targeting and dual-targeting of breast cancer and breast cancer-associated cells, e.g., cancer stem cells, cells associated with the tumor microenvironment, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janske Nel
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Émilie Velot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Bianchi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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4
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Moudgil A, Salve R, Gajbhiye V, Chaudhari BP. Challenges and emerging strategies for next generation liposomal based drug delivery: An account of the breast cancer conundrum. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 250:105258. [PMID: 36375540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The global cancer burden is witnessing an upsurge with breast cancer surpassing other cancers worldwide. Furthermore, an escalation in the breast cancer caseload is also expected in the coming years. The conventional therapeutic regimens practiced routinely are associated with many drawbacks to which nanotechnological interventions offer a great advantage. But how eminent could liposomes and their advantages be in superseding these existing therapeutic modalities? A solution is reflected in this review that draws attention to a decade-long journey embarked upon by researchers in this wake. This text is a comprehensive discussion of liposomes, the front runners of the drug delivery systems, and their active and passive targeting approaches for breast cancer management. Active targeting has been studied over the decade by many receptors overexpressed on the breast cancer cells and passive targeting with many drug combinations. The results converge on the fact that the actively targeted formulations exhibit a superior efficacy over their non-targeted counterparts and the all liposomal formulations are efficacious over the free drugs. This undoubtedly underlines the dominion of liposomal formulations over conventional chemotherapy. These investigations have led to the development of different liposomal formulations with active and passive targeting capacities that could be explored in depth. Acknowledging and getting a deeper insight into the liposomal evolution through time also unveiled many imperfections and unchartered territories that can be explored to deliver dexterous liposomal formulations against breast cancer and more in the clinical trial pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliesha Moudgil
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Rajesh Salve
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India.
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India.
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
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5
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Vanza JD, Shah DM, Patel RB, Patel MR. Afatinib liposomal dry powder inhaler: Targeted pulmonary delivery of EGFR inhibitor for the management of lung cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Kapoor R, Saini A, Sharma D. Indispensable role of microbes in anticancer drugs and discovery trends. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4885-4906. [PMID: 35819512 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increased focus on the advancement of naturally derived products for the treatment of cancer. Since the beginning of recorded history, nature has provided a variety of medicinal agents, and an overwhelming number of drugs that we have today are derived from natural sources. Such natural agents are prominently used to treat several diseases such as diabetes, malaria, Alzheimer's, pulmonary disorders, etc. with cancer being the highlight of this review. Due to the rapid development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, the hunt for effective novel drugs is still a paramount concern in cancer treatment. Moreover, many chemotherapy drugs typically have high toxicity and adverse side effects, which necessitates the need to develop anti-tumor drugs that can be employed to treat deadly tumors with fewer negative effects on health and better efficacy. Isolation of several chemotherapeutic drugs has been conducted from a wide range of natural sources which include plants, microbes, fungi, and marine microorganisms. Considering the trends of previous decades, microbial diversity has grown to play a significant role in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and drugs, especially antibiotics and anti-cancer medications. Microbe-derived antitumor antibiotics such as anthracycline, epothilones, bleomycin, actinomycin, and staurosporine are amongst the widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This review deals majorly with microbe-derived anticancer drugs taking into account their derivatives, mechanism of action, isolation procedures, limitations, and tumors targeted by them. This article also reports the phase of clinical study these drugs are undergoing. Moreover, it intends to portray the indispensable part that these microbes have been playing since time immemorial in the odyssey of chemotherapeutic agents. KEY POINTS: • Microbial diversity contributes heavily towards the formulation of anticancer drugs. • Polypeptides, carbohydrates, and alkaloids are prevalent microbe-based drug classes. • Microbe-derived anticancer agents target various sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridam Kapoor
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Anamika Saini
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302006, India.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Remaggi G, Catanzano O, Quaglia F, Elviri L. Alginate Self-Crosslinking Ink for 3D Extrusion-Based Cryoprinting and Application for Epirubicin-HCl Delivery on MCF-7 Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030882. [PMID: 35164146 PMCID: PMC8839018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3D-printed hydrogels are particularly advantageous as drug-delivery platforms but their loading with water-soluble active compounds remains a challenge requiring the development of innovative inks. Here, we propose a new 3D extrusion-based approach that, by exploiting the internal gelation of the alginate, avoids the post-printing crosslinking process and allows the loading of epirubicin-HCl (EPI). The critical combinations of alginate, calcium carbonate and d-glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) combined with the scaffold production parameters (extrusion time, temperature, and curing time) were evaluated and discussed. The internal gelation in tandem with 3D extrusion allowed the preparation of alginate hydrogels with a complex shape and good handling properties. The dispersion of epirubicin-HCl in the hydrogel matrix confirmed the potential of this self-crosslinking alginate-based ink for the preparation of 3D-printed drug-delivery platforms. Drug release from 3D-printed hydrogels was monitored, and the cytotoxic activity was tested against MCF-7 cells. Finally, the change in the expression pattern of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic, and autophagy protein markers was monitored by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass-spectrometry after exposure of MCF-7 to the EPI-loaded hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Remaggi
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Ovidio Catanzano
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Tereshkina YA, Torkhovskaya TI, Tikhonova EG, Kostryukova LV, Sanzhakov MA, Korotkevich EI, Khudoklinova YY, Orlova NA, Kolesanova EF. Nanoliposomes as drug delivery systems: safety concerns. J Drug Target 2021; 30:313-325. [PMID: 34668814 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1992630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The review highlights the safety issues of drug delivery systems based on liposomes. Due to their small sizes (about 80-120 nm, sometimes even smaller), phospholipid nanoparticles interact intensively with living systems during parenteral administration. This interaction significantly affects both their transport role and safety; therefore, special attention is paid to these issues. The review summarises the data on the basic factors affecting the safety of nanoliposomes: composition, size, surface charge, stability, the release of an incorporated drug, penetration into tissues, interaction with the complement system. Attention is paid to the authors' own research of unique phospholipid nanoparticles with a diameter of 20-30 nm. The influence of technological processes of nanoliposome production on their properties is considered. The article also discusses the modern safety assessment criteria contained in the preliminary regulatory documents of the manufacturing countries for new nanoliposome-based drugs being developed or used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Tereshkina
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - T I Torkhovskaya
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Tikhonova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Kostryukova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Sanzhakov
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Korotkevich
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu Khudoklinova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Orlova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E F Kolesanova
- Laboratory of Peptide Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Di Francesco M, Celia C, Cristiano MC, d’Avanzo N, Ruozi B, Mircioiu C, Cosco D, Di Marzio L, Fresta M. Doxorubicin Hydrochloride-Loaded Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles to Treat Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2973-2989. [PMID: 33553916 PMCID: PMC7860091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is currently used to treat orthotropic and metastatic breast cancer. Because of its side effects, the use of DOX in cancer patients is sometimes limited; for this reason, several scientists tried designing drug delivery systems which can improve drug therapeutic efficacy and decrease its side effects. In this study, we designed, prepared, and physiochemically characterized nonionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs) which are obtained by self-assembling different combinations of hydrophilic (Tween 20) and hydrophobic (Span 20) surfactants, with cholesterol. DOX was loaded in NSVs using a passive and pH gradient remote loading procedure, which increased drug loading from ∼1 to ∼45%. NSVs were analyzed in terms of size, shape, size distribution, zeta potential, long-term stability, entrapment efficiency, and release kinetics, and nanocarriers having the best physiochemical parameters were selected for further in vitro tests. NSVs with and without DOX were stable and showed a sustained drug release up to 72 h. In vitro studies, with MCF-7 and MDA MB 468 cells, demonstrated that NSVs, containing Span 20, were better internalized in MCF-7 and MDA MB 468 cells than NSVs with Tween 20. NSVs increased the anticancer effect of DOX in MCF-7 and MDA MB 468 cells, and this effect is time and dose dependent. In vitro studies using metastatic and nonmetastatic breast cancer cells also demonstrated that NSVs, containing Span 20, had higher cytotoxicity than NSVs with Tween 20. The resulting data suggested that DOX-loaded NSVs could be a promising nanocarrier for the potential treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Francesco
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro
“Magna Graecia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta” s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Laboratory
of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti−Pescara
“G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”
s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola d’Avanzo
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro
“Magna Graecia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta” s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti−Pescara
“G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, I-41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Constantin Mircioiu
- Department
of Applied Mathematics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine
and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro
“Magna Graecia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta” s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Chieti−Pescara
“G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro
“Magna Graecia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta” s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Aires Fernandes M, O. Eloy J, Tavares Luiz M, Ramos Junior SL, Borges JC, Rodríguez de la Fuente L, Ortega-de San Luis C, Maldonado Marchetti J, Santos-Martinez MJ, Chorilli M. Transferrin-functionalized liposomes for docetaxel delivery to prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Li X, Zou Q, Zhang J, Zhang P, Zhou X, Yalamarty SSK, Liang X, Liu Y, Zheng Q, Gao J. Self-Assembled Dual-Targeted Epirubicin-Hybrid Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Combined Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6791-6811. [PMID: 32982234 PMCID: PMC7494236 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s260477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Folic acid and cyclic arginylglycylaspartic acid peptides were introduced to the surface of negatively charged lipid-coated hybrid polydopamine-cysteine cores for the delivery of epirubicin (EPI) (E/PCF-NPs). The combined chemo-photothermal therapy using E/PCF-NPs for triple-negative breast cancer was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The temperature elevation and thermal toxicity of nanoparticles were studied. The morphology and properties of E/PCF-NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Physicochemical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, entrapment efficiency (EE%), stability and in vitro release, were determined. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, ratios of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to its reduced form (NAD+/NADH), apoptosis assays, and cellular uptake of E/PCF-NPs were determined on 4T1 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies and tissue distributions were performed and detected by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry system. The antitumor effects of E/PCF-NPs under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation were also evaluated. RESULTS The sphere-like morphology of E/PCF-NPs showed a high EE%, uniform size of 106.7 nm, remarkable stability, and highly improved cytotoxicity under NIR laser, when compared to that of photothermal treatment alone. In vitro release of EPI from E/PCF-NPs was pH sensitive, and a greater response was achieved under NIR laser irradiation. Compared to chemotherapy or photothermal treatment alone, the combined treatment in vitro significantly inhibited the survival rate of 4T1 cells to 17.7%, induced ROS generation, and reduced NAD+/NADH significantly. Treatment with E/PCF-NPs under irradiation induced 4T1 cell apoptosis in approximately 93.6% cells. In vitro cellular uptake of E/PCF-NPs was time-dependent. The long-circulating and higher tumor accumulation of E/PCF-NPs resulted in complete ablation of breast tumor tissue through the enhanced photothermal effect by NIR laser irradiation-mediated cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION E/PCF-NPs show enhanced anti-cancer effects due to synergistic effects of chemotherapy with photothermal therapy and may be potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330004, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330004, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xinli Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330004, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Liu
- College of Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330004, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang330004, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Ding L, Gu W, Zhang Y, Yue S, Sun H, Cornelissen JJLM, Zhong Z. HER2-Specific Reduction-Sensitive Immunopolymersomes with High Loading of Epirubicin for Targeted Treatment of Ovarian Tumor. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3855-3863. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Gu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Yue
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Sun
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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13
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Kunjiappan S, Panneerselvam T, Somasundaram B, Arunachalam S, Sankaranarayanan M, Parasuraman P. Preparation of liposomes encapsulated Epirubicin-gold nanoparticles for Tumor specific delivery and release. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aac9ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Vanza J, Jani P, Pandya N, Tandel H. Formulation and statistical optimization of intravenous temozolomide-loaded PEGylated liposomes to treat glioblastoma multiforme by three-level factorial design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:923-933. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1421661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Vanza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Parva Jani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Nilima Pandya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Hemal Tandel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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15
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Javia A, Thakkar H. Intranasal delivery of tapentadol hydrochloride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: formulation, characterisation and its in vivo evaluation. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:644-658. [PMID: 28862072 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1375038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to formulate tapentadol hydrochloride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) for nose to brain delivery. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using ionotropic gelation technique. Optimisation of the formulation and process parameters was done using Box-Behnken Design. The entrapment efficiency, drug loading, Z-average size and zeta potential of the optimised batch were 63.49 ± 1.61%, 17.25 ± 1.38%w/w, 201.2 ± 1.5 nm and +49.3 mV, respectively. In-vitro release study showed 84.04 ± 1.53% drug release after 28 h, while ex vivo studies indicated higher permeation of CS-NPs through nasal mucosa. The nanoparticles exhibited good mucoadhesiveness, haemocompatibility and safety as evidenced by histopathology. The results of the pharmacodynamic study revealed prolongation of the analgesic activity. The intranasal instillation of CS-NPs resulted in the higher concentrations in brain compared to the drug solution and intravenous administration of CS-NPs. In a nutshell, intranasal administration of tapentadol hydrochloride-loaded CS-NPs is a promising approach for effective pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Javia
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
| | - Hetal Thakkar
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
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16
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Huang Y, Tao Q, Hou D, Hu S, Tian S, Chen Y, Gui R, Yang L, Wang Y. A novel ion-exchange carrier based upon liposome-encapsulated montmorillonite for ophthalmic delivery of betaxolol hydrochloride. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1731-1745. [PMID: 28280338 PMCID: PMC5340245 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel ion-exchange carrier with high surface area and excellent exchangeability, montmorillonite (Mt) was intercalated with betaxolol hydrochloride (BH) to form a nanocomposite and then encapsulated by liposomes (Mt-BH-LPs) for an ophthalmic drug-delivery system. The Mt-BH and Mt-BH-LPs were prepared by an acidification process and ethanol injection combined with ammonium sulfate gradient methods. The successful formation of Mt-BH and Mt-BH-LPs was verified by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, and transmission electron microscopy. Mt-BH-LPs possessed the favorable physical characteristics of encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, mean particle size, and ζ-potential. In vitro release studies indicated Mt-BH-LPs effectively maintained a relatively sustained slow release. Immortalized human corneal epithelial cell cytotoxicity, in vivo rabbit eye-irritation tests, and chorioallantoic membrane–trypan blue staining all revealed that Mt-BH-LPs had no obvious irritation on ocular tissues. A new in vitro tear-turnover model, including inserts containing human corneal epithelial cells, was designed to evaluate the precorneal retention time of Mt-BH-LPs. The results showed that Mt-BH-LPs maintained a certain BH concentration in tear fluid for a longer period than the BH solution. In vivo precorneal retention studies also indicated Mt-BH-LPs prolonged drug retention on the ocular surface more than the BH solution. Furthermore, pharmacodynamic studies showed that Mt-BH-LPs had a prolonged effect on decreasing intraocular optical pressure in rabbits. Our results demonstrated that Mt-BH-LPs have potential as an ophthalmic delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Qi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials
| | - Dongzhi Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Sheng Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shuangyan Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yanzhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou
| | - Ruyi Gui
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yao Wang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
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17
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Bardania H, Tarvirdipour S, Dorkoosh F. Liposome-targeted delivery for highly potent drugs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:1478-1489. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1290647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Shabnam Tarvirdipour
- Biomedical Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Chen J, Yao K, Li Z, Deng C, Wang L, Yu X, Liang P, Xie Q, Chen P, Qin Z, Ye Y, Liu Z, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Han H. Establishment and characterization of a penile cancer cell line, penl1, with a deleterious TP53 mutation as a paradigm of HPV-negative penile carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:51687-51698. [PMID: 27351128 PMCID: PMC5239507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish penile cancer (PeCa) cell lines for the study of molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and testing therapeutic reagents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We successfully established two PeCa cell lines from fresh tumor tissues from 21 cases. One cell line named Penl1 was isolated from a lymph node metastasis (LNM) of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC), usual type and comprehensively characterized here. Our in-depth characterization analysis of the Penl1 cell line included morphology, tumorigenicity, genetic characteristics, protein expression, biology, and chemosensitivity. Penl1 was authenticated by single tandem repeat (STR) DNA typing. RESULTS Comparative histomorphology, genetic characteristics, and protein expression patterns revealed essential similarities between the cell line and its corresponding LNM. In-depth characterization analysis of Penl1 cell line revealed tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice, negative human papilloma virus (HPV) and mycoplasma infection, TP53 mutations and sensitivity to cisplatin and epirubicin. STR DNA typing did not match any cell lines within three international cell banks. The limitation of this study is that one patient cannot represent the complete heterogeneity of PeCa, especially primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS We established and characterized an HPV-negative and moderately differentiated PeCa cell model with a TP53 missense mutation from a PeSCC, usual type patient. A preliminarily study of carcinogenesis and chemosensitivity suggests that this cell model carries a tumor suppressor gene mutation and is sensitive to chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaishang Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangzhong Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingsu Yu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peili Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, China
| | - Zike Qin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlin Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Han
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Chen J, Yao J, Ma Z, Peng P, Lu S, Hu Y, Xu F, Yang Y, Yang X. Delivery of fluorescent-labeled cyclodextrin by liposomes: role of transferrin modification and phosphatidylcholine composition. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:21-31. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2016.1140184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhong Yao
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuyue Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Hu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
| | - Xixiong Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China and
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