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Wang J, Rang Y, Liu C. Effects of Caloric Restriction and Intermittent Fasting and Their Combined Exercise on Cognitive Functioning: A Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2024:10.1007/s13668-024-00570-8. [PMID: 39240488 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The impact of dietary habits on cognitive function is increasingly gaining attention. The review is to discuss how caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) can enhance cognitive function in healthy states through multiple pathways that interact with one another. Secondly, to explore the effects of CR and IF on cognitive function in conditions of neurodegenerative diseases, obesity diabetes and aging, as well as potential synergistic effects in combination with exercise to prevent cognitively related neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT FINDINGS With age, the human brain ages and develops corresponding neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy, which in turn trigger cognitive impairment. Recent research indicates that the impact of diet and exercise on cognitive function is increasingly gaining attention. The benefits of exercise for cognitive function and brain plasticity are numerous, and future research can examine the efficacy of particular dietary regimens during physical activity when combined with diet which can prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Paiva IHRD, Maciel LM, Silva RSD, Mendonça IP, Souza JRBD, Peixoto CA. Prebiotics modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ameliorate anxiety and depression-like behavior in HFD-fed mice. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114153. [PMID: 38519181 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that Prebiotics can influence the composition of the gut microbiota, consequently impacting mood regulation. This study aimed to assess the effects of Prebiotics, specifically Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on neuroinflammation, depression, and anxiety-like behavior in a mouse model fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Initially, mice were divided into two groups: a control group on a standard diet (n = 15) and a group on an HFD for 18 weeks (n = 45). By the 13th week, the HFD group was further divided into experimental groups: Control (n = 15), HFD (n = 15), HFD receiving Prebiotics (n = 15), and HFD receiving Fluoxetine (n = 15). From the 13th week onward, the HFD + Prebiotics group received both the high-fat diet and a combination of FOS and GOS, while the HFD + Fluoxetine group received Fluoxetine in their drinking water. In the 18th week, all mice underwent tests to evaluate behavior, including the Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swimming Test (FST), Sucrose Preference Test (SPT), and the Plus Maze Test (PMT), after which they were euthanized. Mice on the HFD exhibited increased body weight, abdominal size, blood glucose, triglyceride levels, cholesterol, insulin, HOMA index, and higher serum IL-1β. These obese mice also displayed an increased number of microglia and astrocytes, activation of the TLR4 pathway, and elevated levels of neuroinflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2. Moreover, obese mice showed increased activation of the IDO pathway and decreased levels of NMDA receptors. Additionally, markers of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, such as PSD, SAP 102, CREB-p, and BDNF, were lower. Treatment with FOS and GOS reversed symptoms of depression and anxiety in mice subjected to HD. This improvement in behavior resulted from a reduction in dysbiosis with an increase in acetate-producing bacteria (B. acidifaciens and B. dorei) and intestinal permeability, leading to a decrease in chronic peripheral and central inflammation. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut-brain axis by FOS and GOS promoted elevated acetate and GPR43 levels in the brain and a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, positively impacting signaling pathways of neuronal proliferation and survival in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Henrique Rodrigues de Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Laís Macedo Maciel
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), PE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares da Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), PE, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil.
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Baer SB, Dorn AD, Osborne DM. Sex differences in response to obesity and caloric restriction on cognition and hippocampal measures of autophagic-lysosomal transcripts and signaling pathways. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38166559 PMCID: PMC10759648 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity rates in the U.S. continue to increase, with nearly 50% of the population being either obese or morbidly obese. Obesity, along with female sex, are leading risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) necessitating the need to better understand how these variables impact cellular function independent of age or genetic mutations. Animal and clinical studies both indicate that autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) dysfunction is among the earliest known cellular systems to become perturbed in AD, preceding cognitive decline, yet little is known about how obesity and sex affects these cellular functions in the hippocampus, a brain region uniquely susceptible to the negative effects of obesity. We hypothesized that obesity would negatively affect key markers of ALP in the hippocampus, effects would vary based on sex, and that caloric restriction would counteract obesity effects. METHODS Female and male mice were placed on an obesogenic diet for 10 months, at which point half were switched to caloric restriction for three months, followed by cognitive testing in the Morris watermaze. Hippocampus was analyzed by western blot and qPCR. RESULTS Cognitive function in female mice responded differently to caloric restriction based on whether they were on a normal or obesogenic diet; male cognition was only mildly affected by caloric restriction and not obesity. Significant male-specific changes occurred in cellular markers of autophagy, including obesity increasing pAkt, Slc38a9, and Atg12, while caloric restriction reduced pRPS6 and increased Atg7. In contrast females experienced changes due to diet/caloric restriction predominately in lysosomal markers including increased TFE3, FLCN, FNIP2, and pAMPK. CONCLUSIONS Results support that hippocampal ALP is a target of obesity and that sex shapes molecular responses, while providing insight into how dietary manipulations affect learning and memory based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie B Baer
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adrianah D Dorn
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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Elmas O, Cenik P, Sirinyildiz F, Elmas S, Sirin F, Cesur G. Relationship between cognitive functions, levels of NR2A
and NR2B subunits of hippocampal NMDA receptors, serum
TGF-β1 level, and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/152027/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Regulation of Aging and Longevity by Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071180. [PMID: 35406743 PMCID: PMC8997527 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie age-related physiological decline, our ability to translate these insights into actionable strategies to extend human healthspan has been limited. One of the major reasons for the existence of this barrier is that with a few important exceptions, many of the proteins that mediate aging have proven to be undruggable. The argument put forth here is that the amenability of ion channels and transporters to pharmacological manipulation could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat aging. This review delves into the established roles for ion channels and transporters in the regulation of aging and longevity via their influence on membrane excitability, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial and endolysosomal function, and the transduction of sensory stimuli. The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of emergent themes, and prompt further investigation into how the activities of ion channels and transporters sculpt the trajectories of cellular and organismal aging.
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Abstract
Life expectancy in most developed countries has been rising over the past century. In the UK alone, there are about 12 million people over 65 years old and centenarians have increased by 85% in the past 15 years. As a result of the ageing population, which is due mainly to improvements in medical treatments, public health, improved housing and lifestyle choices, there is an associated increase in the prevalence of pathological conditions, such as metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, many types of cancer and others. Statistics suggest that nearly 54% of elderly people in the UK live with at least two chronic conditions, revealing the urgency for identifying interventions that can prevent and/or treat such disorders. Non-pharmacological, dietary interventions such as energetic restriction (ER) and methionine restriction (MR) have revealed promising outcomes in increasing longevity and preventing and/or reversing the development of ageing-associated disorders. In this review, we discuss the evidence and mechanisms that are involved in these processes. Fibroblast growth factor 1 and hydrogen sulphide are important molecules involved in the effects of ER and MR in the extension of life span. Their role is also associated with the prevention of metabolic and cognitive disorders, highlighting these interventions as promising modulators for improvement of health span.
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Yu Q, Zou L, Kong Z, Yang L. Cognitive Impact of Calorie Restriction: A Narrative Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1394-1401. [PMID: 32693996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The impairment of cognitive function can cause substantial emotional and financial burdens. A recent global increasing trend in cognitive impairment and associated disorders has been observed, which will continue to grow as the population ages rapidly. As a nonpharmaceutical approach, calorie restriction (CR) has received extensive research interests due to its health benefits, including maintaining cognitive function. In this narrative review, we first briefly introduce the role of cognitive function in activities of daily living and CR as a part of healthy lifestyle behaviors to protect against cognitive decline. Second, we present results from human studies demonstrating that CR might be beneficial for improving age-related cognitive decline and cognitive impairment in the clinical population such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Third, the potential mechanisms regarding the protective effects of CR on cognition are discussed. Fourth, specific suggestions are highlighted to be considered in future human studies. Overall, although there are few data available from human studies, CR appears to be beneficial for cognitive protection for both healthy and clinical populations. Further scientific investigations are needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Cardoso S, Moreira PI. Diabesity and brain disturbances: A metabolic perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 66:71-79. [PMID: 30321556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The last decades have been marked by an increased prevalence in non-communicable diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as by population aging and age-related (brain) diseases. The current notion that the brain and the body are interrelated units is gaining the attention of the scientific and medical community. Growing evidence demonstrates that there is a significant overlap in risk, comorbidity, and pathophysiological mechanisms across obesity, T2D and brain disturbances; settings that seem to be worsened when both obesity and T2D occur simultaneously, the so-called diabesity. Thereupon, there is a great concern to critically appraise and understand the mechanisms by which diabesity can affect brain responses, and may accelerate the decline in brain health. In this framework, metabolic disturbances mediated by altered insulin signaling and mitochondrial function arise among the multifactorial interactions described to occur between obesity, T2D and neurocognitive deficits. In this review we have compiled all the notions and evidence describing how diabesity negatively influences brain function putting the emphasis on insulin signaling pathway disturbances and mitochondrial anomalies. We also debate lifestyle interventions as amenable strategies to lessen metabolic anomalies and, consequently, diabesity-associated brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology - Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Vauzour D, Camprubi-Robles M, Miquel-Kergoat S, Andres-Lacueva C, Bánáti D, Barberger-Gateau P, Bowman GL, Caberlotto L, Clarke R, Hogervorst E, Kiliaan AJ, Lucca U, Manach C, Minihane AM, Mitchell ES, Perneczky R, Perry H, Roussel AM, Schuermans J, Sijben J, Spencer JPE, Thuret S, van de Rest O, Vandewoude M, Wesnes K, Williams RJ, Williams RSB, Ramirez M. Nutrition for the ageing brain: Towards evidence for an optimal diet. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:222-240. [PMID: 27713095 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As people age they become increasingly susceptible to chronic and extremely debilitating brain diseases. The precise cause of the neuronal degeneration underlying these disorders, and indeed normal brain ageing remains however elusive. Considering the limits of existing preventive methods, there is a desire to develop effective and safe strategies. Growing preclinical and clinical research in healthy individuals or at the early stage of cognitive decline has demonstrated the beneficial impact of nutrition on cognitive functions. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). The latest scientific advances specific to how dietary nutrients and non-nutrient may affect cognitive ageing are presented. Furthermore, several key points related to mechanisms contributing to brain ageing, pathological conditions affecting brain function, and brain biomarkers are also discussed. Overall, findings are inconsistent and fragmented and more research is warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms and to establish dose-response relationships for optimal brain maintenance in different population subgroups. Such approaches are likely to provide the necessary evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform about new dietary recommendations on how to prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vauzour
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Camprubi-Robles
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Diána Bánáti
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gene L Bowman
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Caberlotto
- The Microsoft Research-University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Robert Clarke
- Oxford University, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7LF Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Asby Road, LE11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ugo Lucca
- IRCCS-Instituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, Human Nutrition Unit, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Perneczky
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Perry
- University of Southampton, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Roussel
- Joseph Fourier University, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Jeroen Schuermans
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advances Medical Nutrition, P.O. Box 80141, 3508TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 217, RG6 6AH Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Keith Wesnes
- Wesnes Cognition Ltd., Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin S B Williams
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ramirez
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
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Hicyilmaz H, Vural H, Delibas N, Sutcu R, Gultekin F, Yilmaz N. The effects of walnut supplementation on hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 20:203-208. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huseyin Vural
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Namik Delibas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Recep Sutcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Izmir Kâtip Celebi University, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gultekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nigar Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey
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11
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Cardoso S, Seiça R, Moreira PI. Diabesity and Brain Energy Metabolism: The Case of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 19:117-150. [PMID: 28933063 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that high calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle sturdily influence the incidence and outcome of type 2 diabetes and obesity, which can occur simultaneously, a situation called diabesity. Tightly linked with metabolic and energy regulation, a close association between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed. Among the common pathogenic mechanisms that underpin both conditions, insulin resistance, brain glucose hypometabolism, and metabolic dyshomeostasis appear to have a pivotal role. This century is an unprecedented diabetogenic period in human history, so therapeutic strategies and/or approaches to control and/or revert this evolving epidemic is of utmost importance. This chapter will make a brief contextualization about the impact that diabetes and obesity can exert in brain structure and function alongside with a brief survey about the role of insulin in normal brain function, exploring its roles in cognition and brain glucose metabolism. Later, attention will be given to the intricate relation of diabesity, insulin resistance, and AD. Finally, both pharmacological and lifestyle interventions will also be reviewed as strategies aimed at fighting diabesity and/or AD-related metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Effects of caloric restriction on O-GlcNAcylation, Ca2+ signaling, and learning impairment in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 44:127-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mosberger AC, de Clauser L, Kasper H, Schwab ME. Motivational state, reward value, and Pavlovian cues differentially affect skilled forelimb grasping in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:289-302. [PMID: 27194796 PMCID: PMC4880147 DOI: 10.1101/lm.039537.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Motor skills represent high-precision movements performed at optimal speed and accuracy. Such motor skills are learned with practice over time. Besides practice, effects of motivation have also been shown to influence speed and accuracy of movements, suggesting that fast movements are performed to maximize gained reward over time as noted in previous studies. In rodents, skilled motor performance has been successfully modeled with the skilled grasping task, in which animals use their forepaw to grasp for sugar pellet rewards through a narrow window. Using sugar pellets, the skilled grasping task is inherently tied to motivation processes. In the present study, we performed three experiments modulating animals’ motivation during skilled grasping by changing the motivational state, presenting different reward value ratios, and displaying Pavlovian stimuli. We found in all three studies that motivation affected the speed of skilled grasping movements, with the strongest effects seen due to motivational state and reward value. Furthermore, accuracy of the movement, measured in success rate, showed a strong dependence on motivational state as well. Pavlovian cues had only minor effects on skilled grasping, but results indicate an inverse Pavlovian-instrumental transfer effect on movement speed. These findings have broad implications considering the increasing use of skilled grasping in studies of motor system structure, function, and recovery after injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Mosberger
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa de Clauser
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Kasper
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Osborne DM, Fitzgerald DP, O'Leary KE, Anderson BM, Lee CC, Tessier PM, McNay EC. Intrahippocampal administration of a domain antibody that binds aggregated amyloid-β reverses cognitive deficits produced by diet-induced obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1291-8. [PMID: 26970498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of high fat diets (HFD), diet-induced obesity (DIO) and Type 2 diabetes continues to increase, associated with cognitive impairment in both humans and rodent models. Mechanisms transducing these impairments remain largely unknown: one possibility is that a common mechanism may be involved in the cognitive impairment seen in obese and/or diabetic states and in dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD). DIO is well established as a risk factor for development of AD. Oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) is neurotoxic, and we showed that intrahippocampal oligomeric Aβ produces cognitive and metabolic dysfunction similar to that seen in DIO or diabetes. Moreover, animal models of DIO show elevated brain Aβ, a hallmark of AD, suggesting that this may be one source of cognitive impairment in both conditions. METHODS Intrahippocampal administration of a novel anti-Aβ domain antibody for aggregated Aβ, or a control domain antibody, to control or HFD-induced DIO rats. Spatial learning measured in a conditioned contextual fear (CCF) task after domain antibody treatment; postmortem, hippocampal NMDAR and AMPAR were measured. RESULTS DIO caused impairment in CCF, and this impairment was eliminated by intrahippocampal administration of the active domain antibody. Measurement of hippocampal proteins suggests that DIO causes dysregulation of hippocampal AMPA receptors, which is also reversed by acute domain antibody administration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the concept that oligomeric Aβ within the hippocampus of DIO animals may not only be a risk factor for development of AD but may also cause cognitive impairment before the development of dementia. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AND INTEREST Our work integrates the engineering of domain antibodies with conformational- and sequence-specificity for oligomeric amyloid beta with a clinically relevant model of diet-induced obesity in order to demonstrate not only the pervasive effects of obesity on several aspects of brain biochemistry and behavior, but also the bioengineering of a successful treatment against the long-term detrimental effects of a pre-diabetic state on the brain. We show for the first time that cognitive impairment linked to obesity and/or insulin resistance may be due to early accumulation of oligomeric beta-amyloid in the brain, and hence may represent a pre-Alzheimer's state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Osborne
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Dennis P Fitzgerald
- Hofstra North Shore-Long Island School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Kelsey E O'Leary
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brian M Anderson
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Christine C Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Peter M Tessier
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Ewan C McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States.
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15
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Hicyilmaz H, Vural H, Delibas N, Sutcu R, Gultekin F, Yilmaz N. The effects of walnut supplementation on hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1106165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Mohammed NEM, Messiha BAS, Abo-Saif AA. Effect of amlodipine, lisinopril and allopurinol on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 24:635-644. [PMID: 27829805 PMCID: PMC5094429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to chemotherapeutic agents such as acetaminophen may lead to serious liver injury. Calcium deregulation, angiotensin II production and xanthine oxidase activity are suggested to play mechanistic roles in such injury. Objective This study evaluates the possible protective effects of the calcium channel blocker amlodipine, the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril, and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol against experimental acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, aiming to understand its underlying hepatotoxic mechanisms. Material and methods Animals were allocated into a normal control group, a acetaminophen hepatotoxicity control group (receiving a single oral dose of acetaminophen; 750 mg/kg/day), and four treatment groups receive N-acetylcysteine (300 mg/kg/day; a reference standard), amlodipine (10 mg/kg/day), lisinopril (20 mg/kg/day) and allopurinol (50 mg/kg/day) orally for 14 consecutive days prior to acetaminophen administration. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity was performed by the assessment of hepatocyte integrity markers (serum transaminases), oxidative stress markers (hepatic malondialdehyde, glutathione and catalase), and inflammatory markers (hepatic myeloperoxidase and nitrate/nitrite), in addition to a histopathological study. Results Rats pre-treated with amlodipine, lisinopril or allopurinol showed significantly lower serum transaminases, significantly lower hepatic malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and nitrate/nitrite, as well as significantly higher hepatic glutathione and catalase levels, compared with acetaminophen control rats. Serum transaminases were normalized in the lisinopril treatment group, while hepatic myeloperoxidase was normalized in the all treatment groups. Histopathological evaluation strongly supported the results of biochemical estimations. Conclusion Amlodipine, lisinopril or allopurinol can protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, showing mechanistic roles of calcium channels, angiotensin converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase enzyme in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen E M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Sueif, Egypt
| | - Basim A S Messiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Sueif University, Beni-Sueif, Egypt
| | - Ali A Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Sueif, Egypt
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17
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Tomizawa H, Matsuzawa D, Ishii D, Matsuda S, Kawai K, Mashimo Y, Sutoh C, Shimizu E. Methyl-donor deficiency in adolescence affects memory and epigenetic status in the mouse hippocampus. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:301-9. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tomizawa
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology
| | - D. Matsuzawa
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba
| | - D. Ishii
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology
| | - S. Matsuda
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Kodaira
| | - K. Kawai
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology
| | - Y. Mashimo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - C. Sutoh
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba
| | - E. Shimizu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba
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18
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Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Nagayama T, Isegawa K, Katsuki M, Takesue K, Sunagawa K. Calorie Restriction Improves Cognitive Decline via Up-Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Int Heart J 2015; 56:110-5. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kishi
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yoshitaka Hirooka
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Regulation and Therapeutics, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Tomomi Nagayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kengo Isegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Masato Katsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Ko Takesue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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19
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The role of NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:336-58. [PMID: 25218759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are chronic and recurrent illnesses that cause significant disability and affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Currently available biogenic amine treatments provide relief for many and yet fail to ameliorate symptoms for others, highlighting the need to diversify the search for new therapeutic strategies. Here we present recent evidence implicating the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The possible role of NMDARs in mood disorders has been supported by evidence demonstrating that: (i) both BPD and MDD are characterized by altered levels of central excitatory neurotransmitters; (ii) NMDAR expression, distribution, and function are atypical in patients with mood disorders; (iii) NMDAR modulators show positive therapeutic effects in BPD and MDD patients; and (iv) conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers can modulate NMDAR function. Taken together, this evidence suggests the NMDAR system holds considerable promise as a therapeutic target for developing next generation drugs that may provide more rapid onset relief of symptoms. Identifying the subcircuits involved in mood and elucidating the role of NMDARs subtypes in specific brain circuits would constitute an important step toward the development of more effective therapies with fewer side effects.
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20
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Murphy T, Dias GP, Thuret S. Effects of diet on brain plasticity in animal and human studies: mind the gap. Neural Plast 2014; 2014:563160. [PMID: 24900924 PMCID: PMC4037119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/563160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions have emerged as effective environmental inducers of brain plasticity. Among these dietary interventions, we here highlight the impact of caloric restriction (CR: a consistent reduction of total daily food intake), intermittent fasting (IF, every-other-day feeding), and diet supplementation with polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on markers of brain plasticity in animal studies. Moreover, we also discuss epidemiological and intervention studies reporting the effects of CR, IF and dietary polyphenols and PUFAs on learning, memory, and mood. In particular, we evaluate the gap in mechanistic understanding between recent findings from animal studies and those human studies reporting that these dietary factors can benefit cognition, mood, and anxiety, aging, and Alzheimer's disease-with focus on the enhancement of structural and functional plasticity markers in the hippocampus, such as increased expression of neurotrophic factors, synaptic function and adult neurogenesis. Lastly, we discuss some of the obstacles to harnessing the promising effects of diet on brain plasticity in animal studies into effective recommendations and interventions to promote healthy brain function in humans. Together, these data reinforce the important translational concept that diet, a modifiable lifestyle factor, holds the ability to modulate brain health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytus Murphy
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Gisele Pereira Dias
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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21
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Kishi T, Sunagawa K. Exercise training plus calorie restriction causes synergistic protection against cognitive decline via up-regulation of BDNF in hippocampus of stroke-prone hypertensive rats. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2012:6764-7. [PMID: 23367482 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6347547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One of the important organ damage of hypertension is cognitive decline. Cognitive function is determined by the function of hippocampus, and previous studies have suggested that the decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus causes cognitive decline. Protection against cognitive decline is reported not only in pharmacological therapy but also in exercise training or calorie restriction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether exercise training plus calorie restriction cause synergistic protection against cognitive decline via BDNF in the hippocampus or not. Exercise training for 28 days improved cognitive decline determined by Morris water maze test via up-regulation of BDNF in the hippocampus of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, whereas calorie restriction for 28 days did not. However, exercise training plus calorie restriction causes the protection against cognitive decline to a greater extent than exercise training alone. In conclusion, exercise training plus calorie restriction causes synergistic protection against cognitive decline via up-regulation of BDNF in the hippocampus of stroke-prone hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kishi
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Manco M. Gut microbiota and developmental programming of the brain: from evidence in behavioral endophenotypes to novel perspective in obesity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:109. [PMID: 22912939 PMCID: PMC3419354 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melania Manco
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Disease, Obesity and Diabetes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Rome, Italy.
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