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Schmengler H, Oldehinkel AJ, Vollebergh WAM, Pasman JA, Hartman CA, Stevens GWJM, Nolte IM, Peeters M. Disentangling the interplay between genes, cognitive skills, and educational level in adolescent and young adult smoking - The TRAILS study. Soc Sci Med 2023; 336:116254. [PMID: 37751630 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that smoking and lower educational attainment may have genetic influences in common. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which genetics contributes to educational inequalities in adolescent and young adult smoking. Common genetic liabilities may underlie cognitive skills associated with both smoking and education, such as IQ and effortful control, in line with indirect health-related selection explanations. Additionally, by affecting cognitive skills, genes may predict educational trajectories and hereby adolescents' social context, which may be associated with smoking, consistent with social causation explanations. Using data from the Dutch TRAILS Study (N = 1581), we estimated the extent to which polygenic scores (PGSs) for ever smoking regularly (PGSSMOK) and years of education (PGSEDU) predict IQ and effortful control, measured around age 11, and whether these cognitive skills then act as shared predictors of smoking and educational level around age 16, 19, 22, and 26. Second, we assessed if educational level mediated associations between PGSs and smoking. Both PGSs were associated with lower effortful control, and PGSEDU also with lower IQ. Lower IQ and effortful control, in turn, predicted having a lower educational level. However, neither of these cognitive skills were directly associated with smoking behaviour after controlling for covariates and PGSs. This suggests that IQ and effortful control are not shared predictors of smoking and education (i.e., no indirect health-related selection related to cognitive skills). Instead, PGSSMOK and PGSEDU, partly through their associations with lower cognitive skills, predicted selection into a lower educational track, which in turn was associated with more smoking, in line with social causation explanations. Our findings suggest that educational differences in the social context contribute to associations between genetic liabilities and educational inequalities in smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schmengler
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Joëlle A Pasman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Margot Peeters
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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2
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Alves J, Perelman J, Ramos E, Kunst AE. The emergence of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking during adolescence and early adulthood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1382. [PMID: 37464370 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is known that educational inequalities in smoking start during early and middle adolescence, it is unknown how they further develop until adulthood. The aim of this article is to map, in the Portuguese context, how educational inequalities in smoking emerge from pre-adolescence until young adulthood. METHODS This study used longitudinal data from the EPITeen Cohort, which recruited adolescents enrolled in schools in Porto, Portugal. We included the 1,038 participants followed at ages 13 (2003/2004), 17, 21, and 24 years. We computed the odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of smoking states (never smoking, experimenter, less-than-daily, daily and former smoker) and the incidence of transitions between these states, as function of age and education, stratified by sex. We also added interaction terms between age and education. RESULTS Educational inequalities in daily smoking prevalence, with higher prevalence among those with lower educational level, emerged at 17 years old and persisted until higher ages. They were formed in a cumulative way by the increased risk of experimenting between 13 and 17 years, and increased risk of becoming daily smoker between 17 and 21 years. The incidence of smoking cessation was higher among the higher educated. Inequalities were formed similarly for women and men, but with lower level and showed no significance among women. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight that actions to prevent smoking should also take in account the potential impact in smoking inequalities, and should focus not only on middle adolescence but also on late adolescence and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Alves
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Avenida Padre Cruz, Lisbon, 1600-560, Portugal.
| | - Julian Perelman
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Avenida Padre Cruz, Lisbon, 1600-560, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, Porto, 4050-091, Portugal
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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Sun S, Lee H, Hudson DL. Racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between wealth and health across young adulthood. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101313. [PMID: 36589274 PMCID: PMC9798167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
•Wealth attenuated racial differences in self-rated health during young adulthood.•Wealth had consistent incremental effect on health among White & Hispanic Americans.•For Black Americans, wealth was protective of health in the highest wealth quartile.•Individual wealth, not parental wealth was associated with health among Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Sun
- School of Social Welfare, The University of Kansas, 1545 Lilac Lane, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Hedwig Lee
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, 417 Chapel Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Darrell L. Hudson
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Andersson MA, Maralani V, Wilkinson R. Origins and Destinations, but How Much and When? Educational Disparities in Smoking and Drinking Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-021-09659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Gette JA, Cundiff JM, Gissandaner TD, Littlefield AK. Relations between cannabis use, socioeconomic status, and risk perceptions in a Hispanic/Latinx population. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:1-20. [PMID: 33382026 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1861496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) and risk perceptions are indicative of cannabis use and subjective social status (SSS) may have utility in predicting cannabis use. This work examined relations between these indicators of cannabis use and use in a Hispanic/Latinx sample. Results found negative relations between risk perceptions and cannabis use. SES was unrelated to cannabis outcomes and risk perceptions but SSS had a negative relation with lifetime use. SSS positively related to risk assimilation in the full sample. Findings demonstrate how risk perceptions relate to cannabis use and suggest SES and SSS may not be indicative of use among Hispanic/Latinx populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Gette
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jenny M Cundiff
- School of Arts and Humanities, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tre D Gissandaner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Knaappila N, Marttunen M, Fröjd S, Lindberg N, Kaltiala R. Changes in cannabis use according to socioeconomic status among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015. J Cannabis Res 2020; 2:44. [PMID: 33526131 PMCID: PMC7819333 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-020-00052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reduced sanctions and more permissive attitudes toward cannabis use in the USA and Europe, the prevalences of adolescent cannabis use have remained rather stable in the twenty-first century. However, whether trends in adolescent cannabis use differ between socioeconomic groups is not known. The aim of this study was to examine trends in cannabis use according to socioeconomic status among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015. METHODS A population-based school survey was conducted biennially among 14-16-year-old Finns between 2000 and 2015 (n = 761,278). Distributions for any and frequent cannabis use over time according to socioeconomic adversities were calculated using crosstabs and chi-square test. Associations between any and frequent cannabis use, time, and socioeconomic adversities were studied using binomial logistic regression results shown by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS At the overall level, the prevalences of lifetime and frequent cannabis use varied only slightly between 2000 and 2015. Cannabis use was associated with socioeconomic adversities (parental unemployment in the past year, low parental education, and not living with both parents). The differences in any and frequent cannabis use between socioeconomic groups increased significantly over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall changes in the prevalence of adolescent cannabis use were modest, cannabis use increased markedly among adolescents with the most socioeconomic adversities. Socioeconomic adversities should be considered in the prevention of adolescent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Knaappila
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Fröjd
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 590, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vierinkiventie 1, 65380 Vaasa, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, 33380 Pitkäniemi, Finland
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Shareck M, Datta GD, Vallée J, Kestens Y, Frohlich KL. Is Smoking Cessation in Young Adults Associated With Tobacco Retailer Availability in Their Activity Space? Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:512-521. [PMID: 30418634 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of tobacco retailers in residential neighborhoods has been inversely associated with residents' likelihood of quitting smoking. Few studies have yet explored whether this association holds when accounting for tobacco retailers found in the multiple environments where people conduct their daily activities, that is, their activity space. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from 921 young adults (18- to 25-years old) participating in the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking (Montreal, Canada). Respondents self-reported sociodemographic, smoking, and activity location data. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between smoking cessation and (1) the number of tobacco retailers (counts), and (2) the distance to the closest retailer (proximity) in participants' residential neighborhood and activity space. RESULTS Smoking cessation was positively associated with low and intermediate tertile levels of tobacco retailer counts in both the residential neighborhood and activity space, and with the furthest distance level in the activity space [PR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.02 to 1.43)]. CONCLUSIONS Individuals encounter resources in the course of their regular daily activities that may hamper smoking cessation. This study highlights the relevance of considering the tobacco retail environment of both individuals' residential neighborhood and activity space to understand its association with smoking cessation. IMPLICATIONS This article contributes to the literature on the association between the tobacco retail environment and smoking cessation in young adults by moving beyond the residential neighborhood to also assess individuals' access to tobacco retailers in the multiple areas where they regularly spend time, that is, their activity space. Findings suggest that lower numbers of tobacco retailers in both the residential neighborhood and activity space, and further distance to tobacco retailers in the activity space are associated with increased smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Shareck
- Division of Social and Behavioural Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geetanjali D Datta
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Ecole de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Vallée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR Géographie-Cités, Paris, France
| | - Yan Kestens
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Ecole de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine L Frohlich
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Ecole de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hust SJT, Willoughby JF, Li J, Couto L. Youth's Proximity to Marijuana Retailers and Advertisements: Factors Associated with Washington State Adolescents' Intentions to Use Marijuana. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:594-603. [PMID: 33030100 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1825568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study explored the influences of advertising exposure, numbers of marijuana retailers, distance to retailers, and constructs from the integrative model of behavioral prediction, including outcome beliefs, perceived norms, and efficacy, on youth's intentions to use marijuana in a state in which the use of recreational marijuana is legal. A state-wide online cross-sectional survey of 350 adolescents ages 13-17, residing in Washington state, was conducted in June 2018. The results of the regression analysis suggest that exposure to marijuana advertising, positive and negative outcome beliefs, and perceived peer norms were associated with intention to use marijuana. Distances to retailers moderated the relationships between exposure to advertising and intentions, as well as between positive outcome beliefs and intentions. States that have legalized recreational marijuana should continue considering the location of retailers in relation to neighborhoods and advertising regulations to reduce the appeal to youth. Additionally, prevention efforts could aim to influence outcome beliefs and norms in an attempt to reduce adolescents' intentions to use recreational marijuana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J T Hust
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Fitts Willoughby
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jiayu Li
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Leticia Couto
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington, USA
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9
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Hamilton AD, Jang JB, Patrick ME, Schulenberg JE, Keyes KM. Age, period and cohort effects in frequent cannabis use among US students: 1991-2018. Addiction 2019; 114:1763-1772. [PMID: 31106501 PMCID: PMC6732038 DOI: 10.1111/add.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS As the legal status of cannabis changes across the United States and modes of administration expand, it is important to examine the potential impact on adolescent cannabis use. This study aimed to assess changes in prevalence of frequent cannabis use in adolescents in the United States and how far this varies by age and cohort. DESIGN Analysis of Monitoring the Future, a nationally representative annual survey of 8th-, 10th- and 12th-grade students in the United States conducted from 1991 to 2018. SETTING In-school surveys completed by US adolescents. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1 236 159 8th-, 10th- and 12th-graders; 51.5% female, 59.6% non-Hispanic white, 12.3% non-Hispanic black, 13.4% Hispanic and 14.7% other race/ethnicity. MEASUREMENTS Frequent cannabis use (FCU), defined as six or more occasions in the past 30 days, stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and parental education. FINDINGS FCU among US adolescents increased over the study period; the peak in 2010-18 was 11.4% among 18-year-old students. This increase was best explained by both period and cohort effects. Compared with respondents in 2005, adolescents surveyed in 2018 had period effects in FCU that were 1.6 times greater. Adolescents in younger birth cohorts (those born > 1988) had a lower increase in FCU than those born prior to 1988. Results were consistent across sex, parent education and race/ethnicity, with period effects indicating increasing FCU after 2005 and cohort effects indicating a lower magnitude of increase in more recent birth cohorts. Age and parental education disparities in FCU have increased over time, whereas race/ethnicity differences have converged over time; black students were 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.70] times as likely to use cannabis frequently as white students from 1991 to 2000, and 1.03 (95% CI = 0.98-1.09) times as likely from 2011 to 2018 (P-value for time interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of frequent cannabis use (FCU) increased from 1991 to 2018 among older adolescents in the United States. Racial/ethnic differences in FCU converged, whereas parental education differences have diverged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava D. Hamilton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Joy Bohyun Jang
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Translational Research in Children’s Mental Health and Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - John E. Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY,Center for Research on Society and Health, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Gagné T, Lee JGL, Steinmetz-Wood M, Frohlich KL. Methodological systematic review of studies on social inequalities in smoking among young adults: A field coming of age? Tob Control 2018; 28:566-573. [PMID: 30397029 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic circumstances are critically important to addressing smoking. In young adulthood (ages 18-25), dynamic transitions in education, employment, family and housing complicate the measurement of socioeconomic circumstances. To better understand approaches to capturing these circumstances, this methodological systematic review examined how socioeconomic characteristics used to identify social inequalities in smoking among young adults are measured. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ERIC and Sociological Abstracts, and used three prior reviews. We updated the search in March 2018. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers independently screened peer-reviewed records from OECD countries published in English, French, German or Spanish after 1995 whose samples covered at least 1 year between the ages of 18 and 25. We included 89 of 1320 records. DATA EXTRACTION One reviewer extracted study characteristics, indicators used to operationalise socioeconomic circumstances and each indicator's relation to results on smoking (ie, significance and direction). We found 39 indicators of socioeconomic circumstances related to six broad domains. These indicators were used in 425 results. DATA SYNTHESIS We descriptively analysed the extracted data using evidence tables. Educational attainment was most common. Evidence of inequalities varied by indicator used. For example, there was inconsistent evidence regarding the role of parental characteristics and transition stages and insufficient evidence regarding personal income on smoking. CONCLUSION Despite its importance, studies have disproportionally examined inequalities among young adults using traditional indicators. The mismatch between young adults' life transitions and measurement strategies may attenuate evidence of inequalities. We suggest strategies to improve future measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gagné
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph G L Lee
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, and Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Katherine L Frohlich
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Roberts ME, Spillane NS, Colby SM, Jackson KM. Forecasting Disparities with Early Substance-Use Milestones. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2017; 26:56-59. [PMID: 29056842 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2016.1184601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use contributes to health disparities across race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). Although adolescent research indicates group-based differences in regular use, few studies have examined patterns when initiation is just beginning. Using a sample of 917 Rhode Island middle schools students (54% female, 26% non-Hispanic White), we collected demographic information at baseline (M age 12.2); we then examined ever-puff (cigarettes), ever-sip (alcohol), and ever-use (marijuana) behaviors three years later. For cigarette use, we found differences based on SES and race/ethnicity (prevalence was particularly high among Native American youths). Marijuana use was associated with lower SES, and alcohol use was higher among females than males. Overall, findings indicate racial/ethnic-, gender- and SES-based differences in early substance-use milestones. From a prevention standpoint, it is important to evaluate differences not only in heavy substance use, but in early milestones, as they may set the course for health disparities across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Roberts
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA.,The College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Suzanne M Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
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12
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Early-life characteristics and educational disparities in smoking. Soc Sci Med 2015; 144:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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van Dommelen-Gonzalez E, Deardorff J, Herd D, Minnis AM. Homies with aspirations and positive peer network ties: associations with reduced frequent substance use among gang-affiliated Latino youth. J Urban Health 2015; 92:322-37. [PMID: 25649980 PMCID: PMC4411312 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-014-9922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In marginalized urban neighborhoods across the USA, Latino youth are disproportionately represented among the growing number of youth gangs. Substance use among gang-involved youth poses both immediate and long-term health risks and can threaten educational engagement, future socioeconomic stability, and desistance. Conventional assessments of gang-affiliated youth and their peer network overlook the possibility that positive peer ties may exist and can foster health promoting behavior norms. Drawing on a positive deviance framework, in this study, we examine the relationship between positive peer network characteristics tied to post-secondary educational aspirations and frequent alcohol and marijuana use among Latino, gang-affiliated youth from a neighborhood in San Francisco. Using generalized estimating equations regression models across 72 peer network clusters (162 youth), we found that having close friends who plan to go to a 4-year college was associated with a lower odds of frequent marijuana and alcohol use (OR 0.27, p = 0.02; OR 0.29, p = 0.14, respectively) and that this association persisted when adjusting for risk characteristics (OR 0.19, p < 0.01; OR 0.25, p = 0.12). Public health can advance gang intervention efforts by identifying protective and risk factors associated with non-criminal health outcomes to inform participatory research approaches and asset-based interventions that contribute to building healthy communities.
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14
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Yaogo A, Fombonne E, Lert F, Melchior M. Adolescent Repeated Alcohol Intoxication as a Predictor of Young Adulthood Alcohol Abuse: The Role of Socioeconomic Context. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1795-804. [PMID: 26630381 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1058824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Trajectories of alcohol abuse from adolescence onwards are not well known. We examined the relationship between repeated alcohol intoxication in adolescence and later alcohol abuse, testing whether this association varies depending on individuals' socioeconomic context. METHODS Study participants (n = 674, age 22-35 years in 2009) belong to the French TEMPO cohort study; their parents also participate in an epidemiological study-the GAZEL cohort. Repeated alcohol intoxication was assessed by questionnaire in adolescence (1999) (defined by ≥3 episodes of alcohol intoxication in the preceding 12 months). In young adulthood (2009), alcohol abuse was assessed by the WHO AUDIT questionnaire. Socioeconomic characteristic studied was childhood family income. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, childhood temperament, parental history of alcohol use, and the quality of family relations. RESULTS Among adolescents who reported repeated alcohol intoxication, 30.8% reported alcohol abuse in young adulthood (adjusted OR=4.27, 95%CI 2.21-8.27). This association appeared stronger in participants who grew up in families with low income (adjusted OR=11.86, 95%CI 3.35-41.94 vs. 2.49, 95%CI 1.09-5.68 for youths from families with intermediate or high income). CONCLUSIONS In most adolescents (69.2%), alcohol abuse is a time-limited behavior. Nonetheless, in participants from low income families, the likelihood of persistent alcohol abuse beyond adolescence may be increased. Although some limitations are noted, a preliminary conclusion is that alcohol abuse trajectories over time need to be monitored, particularly in certain subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yaogo
- a INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France.,b Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France.,c University of Paris South , UMRS 1018, Villejuif , France
| | - Eric Fombonne
- d Department of Psychiatry , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA
| | - France Lert
- e University of Versailles Saint-Quentin , UMRS 1018, Villejuif , France.,f INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, CESP , Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health , Villejuif , France
| | - Maria Melchior
- a INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France.,b Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health , Department of Social Epidemiology , Paris , France
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Eisenberg ME, Lust KA, Garcia CM. Differences in sexual behaviors among unmarried sexually active students at 2- and 4-year colleges. Res Nurs Health 2014; 37:128-34. [PMID: 24481785 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sexual risk behaviors are common among college students, but differences between 2- and 4-year students have not been explicitly tested. Survey data from 9,748 unmarried sexually active Minnesota college students (in 2010 or 2011) were used multilevel logistic regression models to test differences in eight high risk sexual health behaviors and outcomes between students attending 2- vs. 4-year colleges. Odds of sex without a condom, sex without reliable birth control, unplanned pregnancy, and STIs were significantly lower among 4-year students than 2-year students, after adjusting for demographic covariates. Health promotion approaches targeted to the needs of 2- or 4-year students may be needed. For example, messaging and outreach efforts encouraging condom use may be especially beneficial for sexual health programs at 2-year colleges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414
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