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Youn S, Anderson BA. Relating distractor suppression to problematic drinking behavior. Addict Behav 2024; 159:108131. [PMID: 39182461 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cognitive control has been linked to weakened self-regulatory processes underlying compulsive substance intake. Previous research has provided evidence for impaired task performance in substance-abusing groups during Stroop and Go/No-Go tasks. Mechanisms of distractor suppression in visual search might also involve overlapping regulatory components that support goal-directed behavior by resolving the attentional competition between distractors and the target of search. However, the efficiency of learning-dependent distractor suppression has not been examined in the context of drug abuse and a direct comparison between cognitive control and distractor suppression is lacking. METHOD A total of 84 participants were assigned either to the heavy drinking group (ALC, n = 42) or the control group (CTL, n = 42) based on self-reported substance use. Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). After that, participants completed a computerized version of the Stroop task, Go/No-go task, and a visual search task measuring learning-dependent distractor suppression. RESULTS The Stroop effect and the frequency of no-go errors did not differ between groups. However, learned distractor suppression was significantly blunted in the ALC group compared to the control group. Across participants, performance on the Stroop and Go/No-go task were correlated, while the magnitude of distractor suppression was related to neither. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a divergence of mechanistic processes underlying cognitive control and attentional control, and demonstrate impaired learning-dependent distractor suppression in heavy drinkers relative to a control group. Impaired distractor suppression offers new insight into why drug cues can be difficult to ignore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Youn
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 230 Psychology Bldg, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Brian A Anderson
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 230 Psychology Bldg, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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2
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Cai B, Wang J, Sang H, Zhang Z, Wang A. The auditory stimulus facilitates memory guidance in distractor suppression in males with substance use disorder. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1417557. [PMID: 39035086 PMCID: PMC11259375 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1417557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Representations in working memory can affect distractor suppression in human visual search, and this process is modulated by a separate top-down cognitive control. An increasing body of research has demonstrated that patients with substance use disorder (SUD) have deficits in cognitive control over filtering interference by perceptual distractors. However, their ability to resist proactive interference from working memory has received comparatively less attention. Methods Here, we investigate this issue by employing a working memory/visual search dual-task paradigm. An intervening gap-location search task was instructed to be performed while participants memorized a written color word, with congruent auditory information present during the memory encoding phase on half of the trials. Results Results showed that there was a reliable response time (RT) advantage when the meaning of the memory sample agreed with the color of one of the distractors under the visual alone condition. However, such a result was only found in the control group. More importantly, both groups exhibited comparable facilitation under the audiovisual condition, with the facilitation effect appearing later in the SUD group. Furthermore, the facilitation effect was superior in magnitude and time course under the audiovisual condition to the visual alone condition. Discussion These findings highlight how patients with SUD resist distractor interference at the memory level and extend our understanding of how working memory, selective attention, and audiovisual enhancement interact to optimize perceptual decisions in patients with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biye Cai
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Sports, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hanbin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition and Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- School of Teacher Education, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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3
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Konjusha A, Colzato L, Ghin F, Stock A, Beste C. Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for alcohol use disorder: A chance to improve treatment? Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13202. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anyla Konjusha
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Lorenza Colzato
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Filippo Ghin
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Ann‐Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology TU Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
- University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Dresden Germany
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Smart K, Worhunsky PD, Scheinost D, Angarita GA, Esterlis I, Carson RE, Krystal JH, O'Malley SS, Cosgrove KP, Hillmer AT. Multimodal neuroimaging of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors and functional connectivity in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:770-782. [PMID: 35342968 PMCID: PMC9117461 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) show altered resting brain connectivity. The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor is an important regulator of synaptic plasticity potentially linked with synchronized brain activity and a target of interest in treating AUD. The goal of this work was to assess potential relationships of brain connectivity at rest with mGlu5 receptor availability in people with AUD at two time points early in abstinence. METHODS Forty-eight image data sets were acquired with a multimodal neuroimaging battery that included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mGlu5 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracer [18 F]FPEB. Participants with AUD (n = 14) were scanned twice, at approximately 1 and 4 weeks after beginning supervised abstinence. [18 F]FPEB PET results were published previously. Primary comparisons of fMRI outcomes were performed between the AUD group and healthy controls (HCs; n = 23) and assessed changes over time within the AUD group. Relationships between resting-state connectivity measures and mGlu5 receptor availability were explored within groups. RESULTS Compared to HCs, global functional connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex was higher in the AUD group at 4 weeks of abstinence (p = 0.003), while network-level functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) was lower (p < 0.04). Exploratory multimodal analyses showed that mGlu5 receptor availability was correlated with global connectivity across all brain regions (HCs, r = 0.41; AUD group at 1 week of abstinence, r = 0.50 and at 4 weeks, r = 0.46; all p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a component of cortical and striatal mGlu5 availability was correlated with connectivity between the DMN and salience networks in HCs (r = 0.60, p = 0.003) but not in the AUD group (p > 0.3). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings of altered global and network connectivity during the first month of abstinence from drinking may reflect the loss of efficient network function, while exploratory relationships with mGlu5 receptor availability suggest a potential glutamatergic relationship with network coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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5
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Duan R, Jing L, Li Y, Gong Z, Yao Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Peng Y, Li L, Jia Y. Altered Global Signal Topography in Alcohol Use Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:803780. [PMID: 35250540 PMCID: PMC8888878 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.803780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common symptom of patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) is cognitive impairment that negatively affects abstinence. Presently, there is a lack of indicators for early diagnosis of alcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARCI). We aimed to assess the cognitive deficits in AUD patients with the help of a specific imaging marker for ARCI. Data-driven dynamic and static global signal topography (GST) methods were applied to explore the cross-talks between local and global neuronal activities in the AUD brain. Twenty-six ARCI, 54 AUD without cognitive impairment (AUD-NCI), and gender/age-matched 40 healthy control (HC) subjects were recruited for this study. We found that there was no significant difference with respect to voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and static GST between AUD-NCI and ARCI groups. And in dynamic GST measurements, the AUD-NCI patients had the highest coefficient of variation (CV) at the right insula, followed by ARCI and the HC subjects. In precuneus, the order was reversed. There was no significant correlation between the dynamic GST and behavioral scores or alcohol consumption. These results suggested that dynamic GST might have potential implications in understanding AUD pathogenesis and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijun Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaobing Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li Yanjie Jia
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li Yanjie Jia
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6
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Ghin F, Beste C, Stock AK. Neurobiological mechanisms of control in alcohol use disorder - moving towards mechanism-based non-invasive brain stimulation treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104508. [PMID: 34942268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by excessive habitual drinking and loss of control over alcohol intake despite negative consequences. Both of these aspects foster uncontrolled drinking and high relapse rates in AUD patients. Yet, common interventions mostly focus on the phenomenological level, and prioritize the reduction of craving and withdrawal symptoms. Our review provides a mechanistic understanding of AUD and suggests alternative therapeutic approaches targeting the mechanisms underlying dysfunctional alcohol-related behaviours. Specifically, we explain how repeated drinking fosters the development of rigid drinking habits and is associated with diminished cognitive control. These behavioural and cognitive effects are then functionally related to the neurobiochemical effects of alcohol abuse. We further explain how alterations in fronto-striatal network activity may constitute the neurobiological correlates of these alcohol-related dysfunctions. Finally, we discuss limitations in current pharmacological AUD therapies and suggest non-invasive brain stimulation (like TMS and tDCS interventions) as a potential addition/alternative for modulating the activation of both cortical and subcortical areas to help re-establish the functional balance between controlled and automatic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ghin
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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7
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Alderson Myers AB, Arienzo D, Molnar SM, Marinkovic K. Local and network-level dysregulation of error processing is associated with binge drinking. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102879. [PMID: 34768146 PMCID: PMC8591397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Go/NoGo performance does not differ between binge (BDs) and light drinkers. BDs show greater BOLD activity to inhibition errors primarily in prefrontal areas. Greater functional connectivity in the frontal cortex correlates with drinking. Observed increase in error-related activity may serve a compensatory role. This is consistent with allostatic hyperexcitability reflecting neuroadaptation.
Binge drinking refers to the pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol levels to or above legal intoxication levels. Commonly practiced by young adults, it is associated with neurofunctional alterations, raising health-related concerns. Executive deficits may contribute to the inability to refrain from excessive alcohol intake. As a facet of cognitive control, error processing allows for flexible modification of behavior to optimize future outcomes. It is highly relevant to addiction research, as a failure to inhibit excessive drinking results in relapses, which is a hallmark of alcohol use disorder. However, research on local and system-level neural underpinnings of inhibition failures as a function of binge drinking is limited. To address these gaps, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine local changes and interregional functional connectivity during response inhibition errors on a Go/NoGo task. Young adult binge drinkers (BDs) performed equally well as light drinkers (LDs), a group of demographically matched individuals who drink regularly but in low-risk patterns. In contrast, BDs exhibited greater fMRI activity to inhibition errors contrasted with correct NoGo trials in the rostral anterior (rACC) and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), as well as right middle frontal gyrus (R-MFG). Furthermore, BDs showed increased connectivity between the rACC and right lateral prefrontal cortex, in addition to greater connectivity between the R-MFG and the left ventrolateral and superior frontal cortices. Imaging indices were positively correlated only with alcohol-related measures, but not with those related to moods, disposition, or cognitive capacity. Taken together, greater error-related activity and expanded functional connectivity among prefrontal regions may serve a compensatory role to maintain efficiency of inhibitory control. Aligned with prominent models of addiction, these findings accentuate the importance of top-down control in maintaining low-risk drinking levels. They provide insight into potentially early signs of deteriorating cognitive control functions in BDs and may help guide intervention strategies aimed at preventing excessive drinking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Alderson Myers
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Sean M Molnar
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Han J, Keedy S, Murray CH, Foxley S, de Wit H. Acute effects of alcohol on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy young men. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106786. [PMID: 33421747 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and dependence remain significant public health issues, and yet the brain circuits that are involved in the rewarding effects of alcohol are poorly understood. One promising way to study the effects of alcohol on neural activity is to examine its effects on functional connectivity between brain areas involved in reward and other functions. Here, we compared the effects of two doses of alcohol (0.4 and 0.8 g/kg) to placebo on resting-state functional connectivity in brain circuits related to reward in 19 healthy young men without histories of alcohol problems. The higher, but not the lower, dose of alcohol, significantly increased connectivity from reward-related regions to sensory and motor cortex, and between seeds associated with cognitive control. Contrary to expectation, alcohol did not significantly change connectivity for the ventral striatum at either dose. These findings reveal unrecognized effects of alcohol on connectivity from reward-related regions to visual and sensory cortical areas.
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9
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Wilcox CE, Clifford J, Ling J, Mayer AR, Bigelow R, Bogenschutz MP, Tonigan JS. Stroop-related cerebellar and temporal activation is correlated with negative affect and alcohol use disorder severity. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:586-598. [PMID: 31115861 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Impairment in cognitive control in alcohol use disorder (AUD) contributes to difficulty controlling alcohol use and, in many populations, difficulties with emotion regulation. However, the most reliable and robust marker of clinically-relevant deficits in cognitive control in AUD is unclear. Our aims were to measure relationships between BOLD signal during a Stroop task and AUD severity and change in BOLD signal and change in drinking over three weeks. We also aimed to explore the relationships between BOLD signal and subjective negative affect. Thirty-three individuals with AUD underwent a multisensory Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as well as a battery of neuropsychological tests and self-report assessments of negative affect and AUD severity. Greater activation in temporal gyrus and cerebellum during incongruent trials compared to congruent trials was observed, and percent signal change (incongruent minus congruent) in both clusters was positively correlated with AUD severity and self-reported negative affect. Neuropsychological task performance and self-reported impulsivity were not highly correlated with AUD severity. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that percent signal change (incongruent minus congruent) in cerebellum was independently associated with negative affect after controlling for recent and chronic drinking. In a subset of individuals (n = 23) reduction in cerebellar percent signal change (incongruent minus congruent) was correlated with increases in percent days abstinent over 3 weeks. BOLD activation during this Stroop task may therefore be an important objective marker of AUD severity and negative affect. The potential importance of the cerebellum in emotion regulation and AUD severity is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Wilcox
- Mind Research Network , 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
| | - Joshua Clifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Josef Ling
- Mind Research Network , 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Mind Research Network , 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Rose Bigelow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michael P Bogenschutz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - J Scott Tonigan
- Department of Psychology, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse & Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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10
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Wilcox CE, Abbott CC, Calhoun VD. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in substance use disorders and treatment implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 91:79-93. [PMID: 29953936 PMCID: PMC6309756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are diseases of the brain, characterized by aberrant functioning in the neural circuitry of the brain. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) can illuminate these functional changes by measuring the temporal coherence of low-frequency fluctuations of the blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging signal in contiguous or non-contiguous regions of the brain. Because this data is easy to obtain and analyze, and therefore fairly inexpensive, it holds promise for defining biological treatment targets in SUD, which could help maximize the efficacy of existing clinical interventions and develop new ones. In an effort to identify the most likely "treatment targets" obtainable with rsFC we summarize existing research in SUD focused on 1) the relationships between rsFC and functionality within important psychological domains which are believed to underlie relapse vulnerability 2) changes in rsFC from satiety to deprived or abstinent states 3) baseline rsFC correlates of treatment outcome and 4) changes in rsFC induced by treatment interventions which improve clinical outcomes and reduce relapse risk. Converging evidence indicates that likely "treatment target" candidates, emerging consistently in all four sections, are reduced connectivity within executive control network (ECN) and between ECN and salience network (SN). Other potential treatment targets also show promise, but the literature is sparse and more research is needed. Future research directions include data-driven prediction analyses and rsFC analyses with longitudinal datasets that incorporate time since last use into analysis to account for drug withdrawal. Once the most reliable biological markers are identified, they can be used for treatment matching, during preliminary testing of new pharmacological compounds to establish clinical potential ("target engagement") prior to carrying out costly clinical trials, and for generating hypotheses for medication repurposing.
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11
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Lindgren KP, Hendershot CS, Ramirez JJ, Bernat E, Rangel-Gomez M, Peterson KP, Murphy JG. A dual process perspective on advances in cognitive science and alcohol use disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 69:83-96. [PMID: 29680185 PMCID: PMC6181791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a tremendous global and national (US) burden associated with alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Further, of the mental health disorders, AUD has the widest treatment gap. Thus, there is a critical need for improved understanding of the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of AUD. The application of cognitive science to the study of AUD has a longstanding history of attempting to meet this need. In this selective review, we identified and focused on four domains of recent (i.e., in the last decade) applications of cognitive science to the study of AUD: implicit cognitive biases, executive function, behavioral economic approaches to alcohol decision making, and functional connectivity neuroimaging. We highlighted advances within these four domains and considered them in the context of dual process models of addiction, which focus on the contribution and interplay of two complementary neurocognitive systems (impulsive and control systems). Findings across the domains were generally consistent with dual process models. They also suggest the need for further model refinements, including integrating behavioral economic approaches and findings from functional connectivity neuroimaging studies. Research evaluating candidate interventions associated with these domains is emergent but promising, suggesting important directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Lindgren
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason J Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Kirsten P Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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12
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Molnar SM, Beaton LE, Happer JP, Holcomb LA, Huang S, Arienzo D, Marinkovic K. Behavioral and Brain Activity Indices of Cognitive Control Deficits in Binge Drinkers. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8010009. [PMID: 29300304 PMCID: PMC5789340 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking is prevalent among young adults and is a public issue of increasing importance. Its initiation and maintenance are associated with deficits in the capacity to inhibit automatic processing in favor of non-habitual responses. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine behavioral and brain activity indices of cognitive control during the Stroop task as a function of binge drinking. Heavy episodic drinkers (HED) reported consuming 5+/6+ drinks in two hours at least five times in the past six months and were compared to light drinkers (LED) who reported two or fewer binge episodes but were matched on demographics, intelligence and family history of alcoholism. Greater conflict-induced activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and thalamus was observed in HED participants and it was positively correlated with alcohol intake and alcohol-related harmful consequences. HEDs maintained intact accuracy but at a cost of prolonged reaction times to high-conflict trials and increased ratings of task difficulty. Greater activation of the areas implicated in cognitive control is consistent with compensatory network expansion to meet higher cognitive demands. These results provide further insight into degradation of cognitive control in HEDs which may benefit development of detection and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Molnar
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Lauren E Beaton
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Joseph P Happer
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Lee A Holcomb
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Spatio-Temporal Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92039, USA.
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13
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Kim S, Im S, Lee J, Lee SG. Disrupted Control Network Connectivity in Abstinent Patients with Alcohol Dependence. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:325-332. [PMID: 28539951 PMCID: PMC5440435 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol causes damage to the brain and is associated with various functional impairments. However, much of the brain damage can be reversed by abstaining for enough time. This study aims to investigate the patterns and degrees of brain function in abstinent patients with alcohol dependence by using resting-state functional connectivity. METHODS 26 male patients with alcohol dependence (alcohol group) and 28 age-matched male healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited from a mental hospital and the community, respectively. Using 3T MRI scan data, the resting-state functional connectivity of the task-negative and task-positive networks was determined and compared between the groups. RESULTS There were no significant group differences in the resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode or in the salience and sensorimotor networks. Compared with the control group, the alcohol group showed significantly lower functional connectivity in the executive control network, especially in the cingulo-opercular network and, in some regions of interest, the dorsal attention network. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that some brain networks do not normalize their functions after abstinence from drinking, and these results may be helpful in future research to investigate the mechanisms for craving alcohol and alcohol relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siekyeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Im
- Department of Psychiatry, Yemidam Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yesarang Mental Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhu X, Cortes CR, Mathur K, Tomasi D, Momenan R. Model-free functional connectivity and impulsivity correlates of alcohol dependence: a resting-state study. Addict Biol 2017; 22:206-217. [PMID: 26040546 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is characterized by impulsiveness toward consumption despite negative consequences. Although neuro-imaging studies have implicated some regions underlying this disorder, there is little information regarding its large-scale connectivity pattern. This study investigated the within- and between-network functional connectivity (FC) in alcohol dependence and examined its relationship with clinical impulsivity measures. Using probabilistic independent component analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 25 alcohol-dependent (AD) and 26 healthy control (HC) participants, we compared the within- and between-network FC between AD and HC. Then, the relationship between FC and impulsiveness as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the UPPS-P Impulsive Scale and the delay discounting task (DDT), was explored. Compared with HC, AD exhibited increased within-network FC in salience (SN), default mode (DMN), orbitofrontal cortex (OFCN), left executive control (LECN) and amygdala-striatum (ASN) networks. Increased between-network FC was found among LECN, ASN and SN. Between-network FC correlations were significantly negative between Negative-Urgency and OFCN pairs with right executive control network (RECN), anterior DMN (a-DMN) and posterior DMN (p-DMN) in AD. DDT was significantly correlated with the between-network FC among the LECN, a-DMN and SN in AD. These findings add evidence to the concept of altered within-network FC and also highlight the role of between-network FC in the pathophysiology of AD. Additionally, this study suggests differential neurobiological bases for different clinical measures of impulsivity that may be used as a systems-level biomarker for alcohol dependence severity and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Section on Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging; LCTS; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Carlos R. Cortes
- Section on Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging; LCTS; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Karan Mathur
- Section on Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging; LCTS; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Section on Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging; LCTS; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
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15
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van Amelsvoort T, Hernaus D. Effect of Pharmacological Interventions on the Fronto-Cingulo-Parietal Cognitive Control Network in Psychiatric Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Systematic Review of fMRI Studies. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27242552 PMCID: PMC4870274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive function deficits, such as working memory, decision-making, and attention problems, are a common feature of several psychiatric disorders for which no satisfactory treatment exists. Here, we transdiagnostically investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions (other than methylphenidate) on the fronto-cingulo-parietal cognitive control network, in order to identify functional brain markers for future procognitive pharmacological interventions. Twenty-nine manuscripts investigated the effect of pharmacological treatment on executive function-related brain correlates in psychotic disorders (n = 11), depression (n = 4), bipolar disorder (n = 4), ADHD (n = 4), OCD (n = 2), smoking dependence (n = 2), alcohol dependence (n = 1), and pathological gambling (n = 1). In terms of impact on the fronto-cingulo-parietal network, the preliminary evidence for catechol-O-methyl-transferase inhibitors, nicotinic receptor agonists, and atomoxetine was relatively consistent, the data for atypical antipsychotics and anticonvulsants moderate, and interpretation of the data for antidepressants was hampered by the employed study designs. Increased activity in task-relevant areas and decreased activity in task-irrelevant areas were the most common transdiagnostic effects of pharmacological treatment. These markers showed good positive and moderate negative predictive value. It is concluded that fronto-cingulo-parietal activity changes can serve as a marker for future procognitive interventions. Future recommendations include the use of randomized double-blind designs and selective cholinergic and glutamatergic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, School for Mental Health and NeuroScience MHeNS Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Dennis Hernaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, School for Mental Health and NeuroScience MHeNS Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
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16
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Thayer RE, Feldstein Ewing SW, Dodd AB, Hansen NS, Mayer AR, Ling JM, Bryan AD. Functional activation during the Stroop is associated with recent alcohol but not marijuana use among high-risk youth. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:130-6. [PMID: 26395403 PMCID: PMC4651814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite studies showing the relevance of different decision-making abilities, including response inhibition, to likelihood of using substances during adolescence, few have examined these neural processes among high-risk, substance-using youth. The current study explored associations between alcohol and marijuana use and functional activation differences during Stroop performance among a large sample (N=80) of ethnically-diverse, high-risk youth in an fMRI-based task. In the absence of associations between substance use and task behavioral performance, adolescents with greater alcohol use showed less activation during the more cognitively difficult portion of the task across clusters in bilateral cuneus and precuneus, and right and left superior temporal gyrus. No associations were observed with marijuana use. The current results may suggest neural patterns of deactivation in regions important for cognitive control, such that alcohol use may confer additional risk for future decreased inhibition among these high-risk adolescents. The ability to inhibit prepotent responses has been shown to predict later response to treatment, and early interventions to encourage further development of cognitive control could represent promising options for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Thayer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | | | | | - Natasha S Hansen
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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