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Govender IS, Mokoena R, Stoychev S, Naicker P. Urine-HILIC: Automated Sample Preparation for Bottom-Up Urinary Proteome Profiling in Clinical Proteomics. Proteomes 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 37873871 PMCID: PMC10594433 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine provides a diverse source of information related to a patient's health status and is ideal for clinical proteomics due to its ease of collection. To date, most methods for the preparation of urine samples lack the throughput required to analyze large clinical cohorts. To this end, we developed a novel workflow, urine-HILIC (uHLC), based on an on-bead protein capture, clean-up, and digestion without the need for bottleneck processing steps such as protein precipitation or centrifugation. The workflow was applied to an acute kidney injury (AKI) pilot study. Urine from clinical samples and a pooled sample was subjected to automated sample preparation in a KingFisher™ Flex magnetic handling station using the novel approach based on MagReSyn® HILIC microspheres. For benchmarking, the pooled sample was also prepared using a published protocol based on an on-membrane (OM) protein capture and digestion workflow. Peptides were analyzed by LCMS in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UPLC coupled to a Sciex 5600 mass spectrometer. The data were searched in Spectronaut™ 17. Both workflows showed similar peptide and protein identifications in the pooled sample. The uHLC workflow was easier to set up and complete, having less hands-on time than the OM method, with fewer manual processing steps. Lower peptide and protein coefficient of variation was observed in the uHLC technical replicates. Following statistical analysis, candidate protein markers were filtered, at ≥8.35-fold change in abundance, ≥2 unique peptides and ≤1% false discovery rate, and revealed 121 significant, differentially abundant proteins, some of which have known associations with kidney injury. The pilot data derived using this novel workflow provide information on the urinary proteome of patients with AKI. Further exploration in a larger cohort using this novel high-throughput method is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireshyn Selvan Govender
- NextGen Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- ReSyn Biosciences, Edenvale 1610, South Africa
| | - Rethabile Mokoena
- NextGen Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Stoyan Stoychev
- NextGen Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- ReSyn Biosciences, Edenvale 1610, South Africa
| | - Previn Naicker
- NextGen Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Yang Z, Hu Q, Feng Z, Sun Y. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting severity in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A retrospective study. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:944-954. [PMID: 34222669 PMCID: PMC8234813 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus infection. Patients with severe HFRS may develop multiple organ failure or even death, which makes HFRS a serious public health problem. Methods In this retrospective study, we included a total of 155 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with HFRS, of whom 109 patients served as a training cohort and 46 patients as an independent verification cohort. In the training set, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen the characteristic variables of the risk model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct a nomogram containing the characteristic variables selected in the LASSO regression model. Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram indicated that the model had good discrimination. The calibration curve exhibited that the nomogram was in good agreement between the prediction and the actual observation. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve suggested that the predictive nomogram had clinical utility. Conclusion In this study, we established a simple and feasible model to predict severity in patients with HFRS, with which HFRS would be better identified and patients can be treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Qinming Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Zhipeng Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Hosiptal, Yangtze University, No. 60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District, Hubei Province, Jingzhou, 434020, China
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Casjens S, Johnen G, Raiko I, Pesch B, Taeger D, Töpfer C, Schonefeld S, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Brüning T, Weber D. Re-evaluation of potential predictors of calretinin and mesothelin in a population-based cohort study using assays for the routine application in clinical medicine. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039079. [PMID: 33602699 PMCID: PMC7896559 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calretinin and mesothelin are molecular markers for the detection of malignant mesothelioma at early stages. Our objective was the re-evaluation of factors influencing calretinin and mesothelin concentrations in plasma of cancer-free men in order to minimise false-positive tests when using commercial assays approved for clinical diagnostics. SETTING This re-evaluation used data and archived blood samples of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNRS) collected from 2011 to 2014. PARTICIPANTS The present analysis comprised of 569 cancer-free men at the time of blood sampling (median age 70 years) from HNRS. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Mesothelin plasma concentration was determined using ELISA and CLEIA (chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay). Calretinin plasma concentration was assessed using ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the previous determination of concentrations, we detected less false-positive tests using the commercial assays. In this analysis, we found nine false-positive calretinin tests using the ELISA (specificity 98.4%, 95% CI 97.0% to 99.2%) and 24 false-positive mesothelin tests using both ELISA and CLEIA (specificity 95.8%, 95% CI 93.8% to 97.2%). We confirmed renal dysfunction as major predictor of elevated marker concentrations. Mesothelin was additionally affected by bronchitis. Furthermore, elevated inflammation values and hypertension only affected the mesothelin concentration determined by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS The newly available assays of calretinin and mesothelin approved for clinical diagnostics showed high specificities in the population-based cohort of elderly men without a malignant disease. The current evaluation provides a basis to consider influencing factors in order to further improve the diagnostic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Irina Raiko
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Pesch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Carmen Töpfer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Schonefeld
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Sun Y, Tao L, Ma Y, Yang S, Zhang X, Jin B, Zhang Z, Yang K. Development of an Approach of High Sensitive Chemiluminescent Assay for Cystatin C Using a Nanoparticle Carrier. Front Chem 2020; 8:802. [PMID: 33134263 PMCID: PMC7505105 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystatin C is an important cysteine protease inhibitor in the human body and is proposed as a new indicator of glomerular filtration rate for the detection of kidney damage. In this article, we report an ultra-sensitive, simple, and rapid chemiluminescence immunoassay method for cystatin C detection using functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. After a three step hydrolysis, the amino-functionalized MSN encapsulating dye resulted in a hydrophobic environment for fixing the dye and amino groups for biological modification. The NaIO4 immobilization method maintained the activity of the antibody notably well. The sandwich immunoassay using two monoclonal antibodies was chosen for its selectivity. The analysis demonstrated that the detection upper was 0.0029 ng/mL and linear relationship within the range of 0.0035-0.5 ng/mL (R 2 = 0.9936). The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 11 parallel measurements of 0.25 ng/mL CysC was 4.7%. The automated chemiluminescence analyzer could detect 96 wells continuously. The results demonstrated that this method is ultra-sensitive, simple, and rapid for detecting cystatin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Sun
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuya Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
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Hansson M, Gustafsson R, Jacquet C, Chebaane N, Satchell S, Thunberg T, Ahlm C, Fors Connolly AM. Cystatin C and α-1-Microglobulin Predict Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080666. [PMID: 32824680 PMCID: PMC7460112 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Puumala orthohantavirus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) characterized by acute kidney injury (AKI), an abrupt decrease in renal function. Creatinine is routinely used to detect and quantify AKI; however, early AKI may not be reflected in increased creatinine levels. Therefore, kidney injury markers that can predict AKI are needed. The potential of the kidney injury markers urea, cystatin C, α1-microglobulin (A1M) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) to detect early AKI during HFRS was studied by quantifying the levels of these markers in consecutively obtained plasma (P) and urine samples (U) for 44 HFRS patients. P-cystatin C and U-A1M levels were significantly increased during early HFRS compared to follow-up. In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, P-cystatin C, U-A1M and P-urea predicted severe AKI with area under the curve 0.72, 0.73 and 0.71, respectively, whereas the traditional kidney injury biomarkers creatinine and U-albumin did not predict AKI. Nearly half of the HFRS patients (41%) fulfilled the criteria for shrunken pore syndrome, which was associated with the level of inflammation as measured by P-CRP. P-cystatin C and U-A1M are more sensitive and earlier markers compared to creatinine in predicting kidney injury during HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Hansson
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Chloé Jacquet
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (C.J.); (N.C.); (T.T.); (C.A.)
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nedia Chebaane
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (C.J.); (N.C.); (T.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Simon Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK;
| | - Therese Thunberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (C.J.); (N.C.); (T.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (C.J.); (N.C.); (T.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Anne-Marie Fors Connolly
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden; (C.J.); (N.C.); (T.T.); (C.A.)
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Casjens S, Weber DG, Johnen G, Raiko I, Taeger D, Meinig C, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Brüning T, Pesch B. Assessment of potential predictors of calretinin and mesothelin to improve the diagnostic performance to detect malignant mesothelioma: results from a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017104. [PMID: 29025836 PMCID: PMC5652464 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesothelin and calretinin are blood-based markers for malignant mesothelioma. The objective of this study was to analyse the markers in plasma samples from cancer-free men and to identify factors influencing their concentrations to minimise false-positive test results when using these markers for the early detection of malignant mesothelioma. SETTING The present analyses used data and archived blood samples of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study among elderly people collected from 2011 to 2014. PARTICIPANTS A total of 569 men (median age 70 years) without a malignant disease at the time of blood sampling were selected for these analyses. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME Mesothelin and calretinin concentration in plasma samples. RESULTS We observed 24 mesothelin concentrations ≥1.5 nM (specificity 95.8%, 95% CI 93.8% to 97.2%) and 34 calretinin concentrations ≥1.0 ng/mL (specificity 94.0%, 95% CI 91.7% to 95.7%). Only five men had both markers above these cut-offs. Renal dysfunction and hypertension were major predictors of elevated mesothelin in addition to age. Regarding calretinin, the effect of renal dysfunction was slightly weaker and hypertension was not associated with increased concentrations. However, a diagnosis of cancer after blood collection and bronchial asthma were associated with positive calretinin results. CONCLUSIONS The combined determination of mesothelin and calretinin results in only few false-positive marker tests. Both markers are mainly influenced by renal dysfunction. The determination of cystatin C concentrations may be informative when interpreting the test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel G Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Irina Raiko
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Carmen Meinig
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Pesch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Jiang R, Xu C, Zhou X, Wang T, Yao G. Detection of cystatin C biomarker for clinical measurement of renal disease by developed ELISA diagnostic kits. J Transl Med 2014; 12:205. [PMID: 25216761 PMCID: PMC4262383 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human cystatin C (HCC) is a potential biomarker for tubular damage and impaired renal function. It is difficult to obtain efficient paired monoclonal antibodies against HCC with low molecular to meet the requirements for clinical application The present study was to establish a stable and repeatable measurement for HCC with self-made monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) and Variable domain of heavy chain of heavy-chain antibody (VHHs) increase the sensitivity. Methods With hybridoma technology and phage display technology: R-HCC as a screening antigen and N-HCC as the detector for antigens to obtain the specific antibody and established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human cystatin C using self-made McAbs and VHHs. Results We have successfully obtained three McAbs; 5 F2, 4E4, 1E11 and four VHHs; 3-2, 3-24, 3-33 and 4-5 which were specific for HCC. The measurement of HCC was established with the self-made monoclonal antibodies and VHHs with a high sensitivity the lower limit of detection at 0.5 ng/ml and the detection range at 0.5 ~ 31.3 ng/ml. Conclusion Our data provides a new approach for paired antibody screening and testing of the small molecular biomarker with a single dominant epitope, with the important biological and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianhao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Transplantation of allograft transforming growth factor-β1 transfected CD103⁺ lamina propria dendritic cells could effectively induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells in vivo. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:3408-13. [PMID: 24182825 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the best treatment of some end-stage diseases such as renal failure. Unfortunately, not every transplant is successful due to rejection or dysfunction of the transplanted organ. Induction of allograft tolerance is the most important goal of clinical transplantation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have opened up exciting opportunities for this enterprise. Because Tregs can be induced from naïve CD4 T cells (induced Tregs [iTregs]) by lamina propria dendritic cells (LpDCs) via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and retinoic acid (RA) iTregs show in vitro and in vivo functions similar to those of natural Tregs (nTregs), we sought to convert naive CD4 T cells to iTregs using mTGF-β1-modified allograft LpDCs in vivo. Adoptive transfer of mTGF-β1-modified LpDCs of BALB/c mice into C57BL/6 mice induced higher levels of mTGF-β1 and mIL-10 in sera as well as a greater proportion of antigen-specific Tregs. These data support the role of mTGF-β1-modified allograft LpDCs to induce high levels of antigen-specific Tregs in vivo.
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Togashi Y, Imura N, Miyamoto Y. Urinary cystatin C as a renal biomarker and its immunohistochemical localization in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Noraddin FH, Flodin M, Fredricsson A, Sohrabian A, Larsson A. Measurement of urinary cystatin C with a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay on Architect ci8200. J Clin Lab Anal 2013; 26:358-64. [PMID: 23001981 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystatin C is a low-molecular-weight protein that is freely filtered by the glomerulus and catabolized after reabsorption by the proximal tubular cells in healthy subjects. Urinary cystatin C is a potential biomarker for tubular damage including acute kidney injury (AKI) in the acute phase when patients are submitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS The aim of this study was to perform a method validation of urinary analysis of cystatin C by particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) on a high-throughput chemical analyzer. Total assay time was 10 min. The antigen excess, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LoQ), recovery, assay precision, stability, and interference caused by hemoglobin were evaluated. RESULTS The LoQ was calculated to 0.020 mg/l with a coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 10%. No hook effect was observed and the assay was linear over the studied interval less than 0.020-0.950 mg/l with a regression of R² = 0.9994. The assay had a recovery between 93-100% and the assay precision had a total CV of less than 3.5%. Cystatin C was stable for 3 days in room temperature and 14 days in +4C. The assay did not show any major interference with hemoglobin at a hemoglobin concentration of 10 g/L. The reference interval for urine cystatin C was less than 0.166 mg/l. CONCLUSION The urinary cystatin C PETIA showed good precision and performance characteristics including short test turnaround times that are necessary qualifications for a biomarker at a routine laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feria Hikmet Noraddin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sargianou M, Watson DC, Chra P, Papa A, Starakis I, Gogos C, Panos G. Hantavirus infections for the clinician: From case presentation to diagnosis and treatment. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 38:317-29. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.673553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for the determination of urine cystatin C on Cobas c501. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Togashi Y, Sakaguchi Y, Miyamoto M, Miyamoto Y. Urinary cystatin C as a biomarker for acute kidney injury and its immunohistochemical localization in kidney in the CDDP-treated rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:797-805. [PMID: 21377848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin C, a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a novel biomarker of renal damage. In the present study, we examined the urinary and plasma levels of cystatin C and how useful they are for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in CDDP-treated rats in comparison with other biomarkers (β2-microglobulin, calbindin, clusterin, EGF, GST-α, GST-μ, KIM-1, NGAL, osteopontin, TIMP-1, and VEGF). The urinary levels of cystatin C, GST-α, KIM-1, and EGF changed prior to proximal tubule damage and increases in plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, suggesting their usefulness for predicting AKI. On the other hand, the plasma cystatin C level hardly changed. We also investigated the localization of cystatin C in the kidney according to the progression of renal damage. Cystatin C was predominantly localized in the proximal tubule of the cortex, and its immunohistochemical expression was not affected by CDDP treatment. In addition, cystatin C was observed in the lumen of the renal tubule in the cortex, cortico-medullary junction, and medulla during the progression of renal damage, although its immunoreactive area ratio was very low. In conclusion, urinary cystatin C measurements can detect CDDP-induced AKI as early as KIM-1, GST-α, and EGF in rats, although the change ratio of the cystatin C was smaller than others. Immunohistochemical cystatin C expression in the proximal tubule of the kidney was hardly changed by the CDDP treatment, but it was newly observed in the renal tubule lumen after CDDP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Togashi
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
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Ware LB, Johnson ACM, Zager RA. Renal cortical albumin gene induction and urinary albumin excretion in response to acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F628-38. [PMID: 21147844 PMCID: PMC3064135 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00654.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential utility of albuminuria as a "biomarker" of acute kidney injury (AKI) and tested whether AKI induces renal expression of the normally silent albumin gene. Urine albumin concentrations were measured in mice with five different AKI models (maleate, ischemia-reperfusion, rhabdomyolysis, endotoxemia, ureteral obstruction). Albumin gene induction in renal cortex, and in antimycin A-injured cultured proximal tubular cells, was assessed (mRNA levels; RNA polymerase II binding to the albumin gene). Albumin's clinical performance as an AKI biomarker was also tested (29 APACHE II-matched intensive care unit patients with and without AKI). Results were contrasted to those obtained for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an established "AKI biomarker" gene. The experimental and clinical assessments indicated albumin's equivalence to NGAL as an AKI biomarker (greater specificity in experimental AKI; slightly better receiver-operating curve in humans). Furthermore, experimental AKI markedly induced the albumin gene (mRNA/RNA polymerase II binding increases; comparable to those seen for NGAL). Albumin gene activation in patients with AKI was suggested by fivefold increases in RNA polymerase II binding to urinary fragments of the albumin gene (vs. AKI controls). Experimental AKI also increased renal cortical mRNA levels for α-fetoprotein (albumin's embryonic equivalent). A correlate in patients was increased urinary α-fetoprotein excretion. We conclude that AKI can unmask, in the kidney, the normally silent renal albumin and α-fetoprotein genes. In addition, the urinary protein data independently indicate that albuminuria, and perhaps α-fetoprotein, have substantial utility as biomarkers of acute tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Munshi R, Johnson A, Siew ED, Ikizler TA, Ware LB, Wurfel MM, Himmelfarb J, Zager RA. MCP-1 gene activation marks acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 22:165-75. [PMID: 21071523 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) mediates acute ischemic and toxic kidney injury, but whether this can be used as a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. We obtained kidney and urine samples from mice with intrarenal (maleate), prerenal (endotoxemia), or postrenal (ureteral obstruction) injury. We also studied the independent effects of uremia without concomitant kidney injury by performing bilateral ureteral transection in mice. Additionally, we obtained urine samples from APACHE II-matched critically ill patients with or without advancing azotemia (n = 10 in each group). We assayed selected samples for MCP-1, MCP-1 mRNA, and for an activating histone mark (H3K4m3) at urinary fragments of the MCP-1 gene and contrasted the results with those obtained for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a comparator "AKI biomarker" gene. Maleate increased urinary MCP-1 protein and mRNA more than the corresponding increases in NGAL. Endotoxemia and ureteral obstruction also increased NGAL and MCP-1 gene expression. Uremia, in the absence of renal injury, induced the NGAL gene, but not MCP-1, suggesting the possibility of better specificity of MCP-1 for AKI. Clinical assessments supported the utility of MCP-1 as a biomarker (e.g., nonoverlapping concentrations of urinary MCP-1 in patients with and without AKI). Elevated levels of urinary MCP-1 mRNA and levels of H3K4m3 at the MCP-1 gene supported MCP-1 gene activation in patients with renal injury. In conclusion, these data suggest that MCP-1 has potential as a biomarker of AKI and provide "proof of concept" that urinary histone assessments provide mechanistic insight among patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Munshi
- Seattle Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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