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Berdiaki A, Neagu M, Tzanakakis P, Spyridaki I, Pérez S, Nikitovic D. Extracellular Matrix Components and Mechanosensing Pathways in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1186. [PMID: 39334952 PMCID: PMC11430160 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with pivotal roles in cellular mechanosensing pathways. GAGs, such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), interact with various cell surface receptors, including integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, to modulate cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. PGs, comprising a core protein with covalently attached GAG chains, serve as dynamic regulators of tissue mechanics and cell behavior, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of GAG/PG-mediated mechanosensing pathways is implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammation. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which GAGs and PGs modulate cellular responses to mechanical forces holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting mechanotransduction pathways in disease. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of GAGs and PGs as key mediators of mechanosensing in maintaining tissue homeostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets for mitigating mechano-driven pathologies, focusing on cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Petros Tzanakakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Serge Pérez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
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Mancini A, Gentile MT, Pentimalli F, Cortellino S, Grieco M, Giordano A. Multiple aspects of matrix stiffness in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1406644. [PMID: 39015505 PMCID: PMC11249764 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1406644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The biophysical and biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are crucial in the processes of cell differentiation and proliferation. However, it is unclear to what extent tumor cells are influenced by biomechanical and biophysical changes of the surrounding microenvironment and how this response varies between different tumor forms, and over the course of tumor progression. The entire ensemble of genes encoding the ECM associated proteins is called matrisome. In cancer, the ECM evolves to become highly dysregulated, rigid, and fibrotic, serving both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic roles. Tumor desmoplasia is characterized by a dramatic increase of α-smooth muscle actin expressing fibroblast and the deposition of hard ECM containing collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid and is common in many solid tumors. In this review, we described the role of inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, in desmoplastic matrix remodeling, tumor state transition driven by microenvironment forces and the signaling pathways in mechanotransduction as potential targeted therapies, focusing on the impact of qualitative and quantitative variations of the ECM on the regulation of tumor development, hypothesizing the presence of matrisome drivers, acting alongside the cell-intrinsic oncogenic drivers, in some stages of neoplastic progression and in some tumor contexts, such as pancreatic carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mancini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- BioUp Sagl, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Teresa Gentile
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University “Giuseppe De Gennaro,” Casamassima, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Clinical and Translational Oncology, Naples, NA, Italy
- Sbarro Health Research Organization (S.H.R.O.) Italia Foundation ETS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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3
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Borst R, Meyaard L, Pascoal Ramos MI. Understanding the matrix: collagen modifications in tumors and their implications for immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:382. [PMID: 38659022 PMCID: PMC11040975 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors are highly complex and heterogenous ecosystems where malignant cells interact with healthy cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Solid tumors contain large ECM deposits that can constitute up to 60% of the tumor mass. This supports the survival and growth of cancerous cells and plays a critical role in the response to immune therapy. There is untapped potential in targeting the ECM and cell-ECM interactions to improve existing immune therapy and explore novel therapeutic strategies. The most abundant proteins in the ECM are the collagen family. There are 28 different collagen subtypes that can undergo several post-translational modifications (PTMs), which alter both their structure and functionality. Here, we review current knowledge on tumor collagen composition and the consequences of collagen PTMs affecting receptor binding, cell migration and tumor stiffness. Furthermore, we discuss how these alterations impact tumor immune responses and how collagen could be targeted to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowie Borst
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Ines Pascoal Ramos
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Sun R, Chen Z, Qu X, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhong Z, Zhang W, Fan Y. Comprehensive Characterization of HATs and HDACs in Human Cancers Reveals Their Role in Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:41-53. [PMID: 37824391 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023049102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation that controlled by two mutually antagonistic enzyme families, histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), as one of major epigenetic mechanisms controls transcription and its abnormal regulation was implicated in various aspects of cancer. However, the comprehensive understanding of HDACs and HATs in cancer is still lacking. Systematically analysis through 33 cancer types based on next-generation sequence data reveals heterogeneous expression pattern of HDACs and HATs across different cancer types. In particular, HDAC10 and HDAC6 show significant downregulation in most cancers. Principal components analysis (PCA) of pan-cancer reveals significant difference of HDACs and HATs between normal tissues and normal tissue adjacent to the tumor. The abnormal expression of HDACs and HATs was partially due to CNV and DNA methylation in multiple types of cancer. Prognostic significance (AUC reached 0.736) of HDACs and HATs demonstrates a five-gene signature including KAT2A, HAT1, KAT5, CREBBP and SIRT1 in KIRC. Analysis of NCI-60 drug database reveals the cytotoxic effect of several drugs are associated with dysregulated expression of HDACs and HATs. Analysis of immune infiltration and immunotherapy reveals that KAT2B and HDAC9 are associated with immune infiltration and immunotherapy. Our analysis provided comprehensive understanding of the regulation and implication of HDACs and HATs in pan-cancer. These findings provide novel evidence for biological investigating potential individual HDACs and HATs in the development and therapy of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zike Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xuanhao Qu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lehan Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhuheng Zhong
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Afshar K, Sanaei MJ, Ravari MS, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. An overview of extracellular matrix and its remodeling in the development of cancer and metastasis with a glance at therapeutic approaches. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:930-952. [PMID: 37665068 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an inevitable part of tissues able to provide structural support for cells depending on the purpose of tissues and organs. The dynamic characteristics of ECM let this system fluently interact with the extrinsic triggers and get stiffed, remodeled, and/or degraded ending in maintaining tissue homeostasis. ECM could serve as the platform for cancer progression. The dysregulation of biochemical and biomechanical ECM features might take participate in some pathological conditions such as aging, tissue destruction, fibrosis, and particularly cancer. Tumors can reprogram how ECM remodels by producing factors able to induce protein synthesis, matrix proteinase expression, degradation of the basement membrane, growth signals and proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting the ECM components, their secretion, and their interactions with other cells or tumors could be a promising strategy in cancer therapies. The present study initially introduces the physiological functions of ECM and then discusses how tumor-dependent dysregulation of ECM could facilitate cancer progression and ends with reviewing the novel therapeutic strategies regarding ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Afshar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu Q, Wang L, He D, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Dong Z, Luo Y, Song Y. Application Value of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16718. [PMID: 38069041 PMCID: PMC10706433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor disease that seriously endangers human health and lacks effective treatment methods. As part of the innate immune defense of many organisms, antimicrobial peptides not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but also can specifically kill tumor cells. The positive charge of antimicrobial peptides under neutral conditions determines their high selectivity to tumor cells. In addition, antimicrobial peptides also have unique anticancer mechanisms, such as inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, membrane destruction, and inhibition of metastasis, which highlights the low drug resistance and high specificity of antimicrobial peptides. In this review, we summarize the related studies on antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of digestive tract tumors, mainly oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. This paper describes the therapeutic advantages of antimicrobial peptides due to their unique anticancer mechanisms. The length, net charge, and secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides can be modified by design or modification to further enhance their anticancer effects. In summary, as an emerging cancer treatment drug, antimicrobial peptides need to be further studied to realize their application in gastrointestinal cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongxia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuewei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhan Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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7
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Rodzik A, Railean V, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B, Szumski M. Immobilized enzyme microreactors for analysis of tryptic peptides in β-casein and β-lactoglobulin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16551. [PMID: 37783762 PMCID: PMC10545664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, our primary objective was to develop an effective analytical method for studying trypsin-digested peptides of two proteins commonly found in cow's milk: β-casein (βCN) and β-lactoglobulin (βLG). To achieve this, we employed two distinct approaches: traditional in-gel protein digestion and protein digestion using immobilized enzyme microreactors (μ-IMER). Both methods utilized ZipTip pipette tips filled with C18 reverse phase media for sample concentration. The μ-IMER was fabricated through a multi-step process that included preconditioning the capillary, modifying its surface, synthesizing a monolithic support, and further surface modification. Its performance was evaluated under HPLC chromatography conditions using a small-molecule trypsin substrate (BAEE). Hydrolysates from both digestion methods were analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS. Our findings indicate that the μ-IMER method demonstrated superior sequence coverage for oxidized molecules in βCN (33 ± 1.5%) and βLG (65 ± 3%) compared to classical in-gel digestion (20 ± 2% for βCN; 49 ± 2% for βLG). The use of ZipTips further improved sequence coverage in both classical in-gel digestion (26 ± 1% for βCN; 60 ± 4% for βLG) and μ-IMER (41 ± 3% for βCN; 80 ± 5% for βLG). Additionally, phosphorylations were identified. For βCN, no phosphorylation was detected using classical digestion, but the use of ZipTips showed a value of 27 ± 4%. With μ-IMER and μ-IMER-ZipTip, the values increased to 30 ± 2% and 33 ± 1%, respectively. For βLG, the use of ZipTip enabled the detection of a higher percentage of modified peptides in both classical (79 ± 2%) and μ-IMER (79 ± 4%) digestions. By providing a comprehensive comparison of traditional in-gel digestion and μ-IMER methods, this study offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of each approach, particularly in the context of complex biological samples. The findings set a new benchmark in protein digestion and analysis, highlighting the potential of μ-IMER systems for enhanced sequence coverage and post-translational modification detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rodzik
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Viorica Railean
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Szumski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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Hasselbalch HC, Junker P, Skov V, Kjær L, Knudsen TA, Larsen MK, Holmström MO, Andersen MH, Jensen C, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. Revisiting Circulating Extracellular Matrix Fragments as Disease Markers in Myelofibrosis and Related Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4323. [PMID: 37686599 PMCID: PMC10486581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) arise due to acquired somatic driver mutations in stem cells and develop over 10-30 years from the earliest cancer stages (essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera) towards the advanced myelofibrosis stage with bone marrow failure. The JAK2V617F mutation is the most prevalent driver mutation. Chronic inflammation is considered to be a major pathogenetic player, both as a trigger of MPN development and as a driver of disease progression. Chronic inflammation in MPNs is characterized by persistent connective tissue remodeling, which leads to organ dysfunction and ultimately, organ failure, due to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Considering that MPNs are acquired clonal stem cell diseases developing in an inflammatory microenvironment in which the hematopoietic cell populations are progressively replaced by stromal proliferation-"a wound that never heals"-we herein aim to provide a comprehensive review of previous promising research in the field of circulating ECM fragments in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of MPNs. We address the rationales and highlight new perspectives for the use of circulating ECM protein fragments as biologically plausible, noninvasive disease markers in the management of MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Peter Junker
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Trine A. Knudsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Morten Kranker Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.O.H.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.O.H.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Christina Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (C.J.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Morten A. Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (C.J.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
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Sandalova T, Sala BM, Achour A. Structural aspects of chemical modifications in the MHC-restricted immunopeptidome; Implications for immune recognition. Front Chem 2022; 10:861609. [PMID: 36017166 PMCID: PMC9395651 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.861609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in mass-spectroscopy (MS) have made it possible to investigate the cellular immunopeptidome, a large collection of MHC-associated epitopes presented on the surface of healthy, stressed and infected cells. These approaches have hitherto allowed the unambiguous identification of large cohorts of epitope sequences that are restricted to specific MHC class I and II molecules, enhancing our understanding of the quantities, qualities and origins of these peptide populations. Most importantly these analyses provide essential information about the immunopeptidome in responses to pathogens, autoimmunity and cancer, and will hopefully allow for future tailored individual therapies. Protein post-translational modifications (PTM) play a key role in cellular functions, and are essential for both maintaining cellular homeostasis and increasing the diversity of the proteome. A significant proportion of proteins is post-translationally modified, and thus a deeper understanding of the importance of PTM epitopes in immunopeptidomes is essential for a thorough and stringent understanding of these peptide populations. The aim of the present review is to provide a structural insight into the impact of PTM peptides on stability of MHC/peptide complexes, and how these may alter/modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedetta Maria Sala
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Adnane Achour,
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10
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Brücksken KA, Loreto Palacio P, Hanschmann EM. Thiol Modifications in the Extracellular Space-Key Proteins in Inflammation and Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932525. [PMID: 35833136 PMCID: PMC9271835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) allow to control molecular and cellular functions in response to specific signals and changes in the microenvironment of cells. They regulate structure, localization, stability, and function of proteins in a spatial and temporal manner. Among them, specific thiol modifications of cysteine (Cys) residues facilitate rapid signal transduction. In fact, Cys is unique because it contains the highly reactive thiol group that can undergo different reversible and irreversible modifications. Upon inflammation and changes in the cellular microenvironment, many extracellular soluble and membrane proteins undergo thiol modifications, particularly dithiol-disulfide exchange, S-glutathionylation, and S-nitrosylation. Among others, these thiol switches are essential for inflammatory signaling, regulation of gene expression, cytokine release, immunoglobulin function and isoform variation, and antigen presentation. Interestingly, also the redox state of bacterial and viral proteins depends on host cell-mediated redox reactions that are critical for invasion and infection. Here, we highlight mechanistic thiol switches in inflammatory pathways and infections including cholera, diphtheria, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Pan S, Chen R. Pathological implication of protein post-translational modifications in cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101097. [PMID: 35400524 PMCID: PMC9378605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) profoundly influence protein functions and play crucial roles in essentially all cell biological processes. The diverse realm of PTMs and their crosstalk is linked to many critical signaling events involved in neoplastic transformation, carcinogenesis and metastasis. The pathological roles of various PTMs are implicated in all aspects of cancer hallmark functions, cancer metabolism and regulation of tumor microenvironment. Study of PTMs has become an important area in cancer research to understand cancer biology and discover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. With a limited scope, this review attempts to discuss some PTMs of high frequency with recognized importance in cancer biology, including phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation and ubiquitination, as well as their implications in clinical applications. These protein modifications are among the most abundant PTMs and profoundly implicated in carcinogenesis.
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12
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Holst S, Blöchl C, Madunic K, Wuhrer M, Ten Dijke P, Zhang T. Transforming growth factor-β challenge alters the N-, O-, and glycosphingolipid glycomes in PaTu-S pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101717. [PMID: 35151689 PMCID: PMC8914387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a key role in PDAC tumor progression, which is often associated with aberrant glycosylation. However, how PDAC cells respond to TGF-β and the role of glycosylation therein is not well known. Here, we investigated the TGF-β-mediated response and glycosylation changes in the PaTu-8955S (PaTu-S) cell line deficient in SMA-related and MAD-related protein 4 (SMAD4), a signal transducer of the TGF-β signaling. PaTu-S cells responded to TGF-β by upregulating SMAD2 phosphorylation and target gene expression. We found that TGF-β induced expression of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin but did not significantly affect epithelial marker E-cadherin expression. We also examined differences in N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycosphingolipid-linked glycans in PaTu-S cells upon TGF-β stimulation. TGF-β treatment primarily induced N-glycome aberrations involving elevated levels of branching, core fucosylation, and sialylation in PaTu-S cells, in agreement with TGF-β-induced changes in the expression of glycosylation-associated genes. In addition, we observed differences in O glycosylation and glycosphingolipid glycosylation profiles after TGF-β treatment, including lower levels of sialylated Tn antigen and neoexpression of globosides. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factor sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4 was upregulated upon TGF-β stimulation, and its depletion blocked TGF-β-induced N-glycomic changes. Thus, TGF-β-induced N-glycosylation changes can occur in a sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4–dependent and SMAD4-independent manner in the pancreatic PaTu-S cancer cell line. Our results open up avenues to study the relevance of glycosylation in TGF-β signaling in SMAD4-inactivated PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zejian Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katarina Madunic
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Kamble PR, Breed AA, Pawar A, Kasle G, Pathak BR. Prognostic utility of the ovarian cancer secretome: a systematic investigation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:639-662. [PMID: 35083554 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage with frequent recurrence. The recurrence-free survival and overall survival is influenced by the age at diagnosis, tumor stage and histological subtype. Nonetheless, quantifiable prognostic biomarkers are needed for early identification of the high-risk patients and for personalized medicine. Several studies link tumor-specific dysregulated expression of certain proteins with ovarian cancer prognosis. However, careful investigation of presence of these prognostically relevant proteins in ovarian cancer secretome is lacking. OBJECTIVE To critically analyze the recent published data on prognostically relevant proteins for ovarian cancer and to carefully search how many of them are reported in the published ovarian cancer secretome datasets. DESIGN A search for relevant studies in the past 2 years was conducted in PubMed and a comprehensive list of proteins associated with the ovarian cancer prognosis was prepared. These were cross-referred to the published ovarian cancer secretome profiles. The proteins identified in the secretome were further shortlisted based on a scoring strategy employing stringent criteria. RESULTS A panel of seven promising secretory biomarkers associated with ovarian cancer prognosis is proposed. CONCLUSION Scanning the ovarian cancer secretome datasets provides the opportunity to identify if tumor-specific biomarkers could be tested as secretory biomarkers. Detecting their levels in the body fluid would be more advantageous than evaluating the expression in the tissue, since it could be monitored multiple times over the course of the disease to have a better judgment of the prognosis and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya R Kamble
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Ananya A Breed
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Apoorva Pawar
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Grishma Kasle
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
- Division of Biological Sciences, IISER, Kolkata, India
| | - Bhakti R Pathak
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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14
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Urciuoli E, Peruzzi B. Mutual Modulation Between Extracellular Vesicles and Mechanoenvironment in Bone Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:789674. [PMID: 34950663 PMCID: PMC8688845 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.789674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone microenvironment homeostasis is guaranteed by the balanced and fine regulated bone matrix remodeling process. This equilibrium can be disrupted by cancer cells developed in the bone (primary bone cancers) or deriving from other tissues (bone metastatic lesions), through a mechanism by which they interfere with bone cells activities and alter the microenvironment both biochemically and mechanically. Among the factors secreted by cancer cells and by cancer-conditioned bone cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are described to exert pivotal roles in the establishment and the progression of bone cancers, by conveying tumorigenic signals targeting and transforming normal cells. Doing this, EVs are also responsible in modulating the production of proteins involved in regulating matrix stiffness and/or mechanotransduction process, thereby altering the bone mechanoenvironment. In turn, bone and cancer cells respond to deregulated matrix stiffness by modifying EV production and content, fueling the vicious cycle established in tumors. Here, we summarized the relationship between EVs and the mechanoenvironment during tumoral progression, with the final aim to provide some innovative perspectives in counteracting bone cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Jensen C, Nissen NI, Von Arenstorff CS, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. Serological assessment of collagen fragments and tumor fibrosis may guide immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:326. [PMID: 34656158 PMCID: PMC8520279 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the overall clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treating patients with solid tumors, a large number of patients do not benefit from this approach. Consequently, there is a need for predictive biomarkers. The most prevalent biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) do not reliably predict response to ICIs across different solid tumor types suggesting that a broader view of regulating factors in the tumor microenvironment is needed. Emerging evidence indicates that one central common denominator of resistance to ICIs may be fibrotic activity characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen production by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). A fibroblast-and collagen-rich stroma attenuates immunotherapy response by contributing to inhibition and exclusion of T cells. Here we review opportunities and limitations in the utilization of the most prevalent biomarkers for ICIs and elaborate on the unique opportunities with biomarkers originating from the activated fibroblasts producing an impermeable ECM. We propose that ECM and collagen biomarkers measured non-invasively may be a novel and practical approach to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient selection for ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jensen
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Neel I Nissen
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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16
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Bay-Jensen AC, Siebuhr AS, Damgaard D, Drobinski P, Thudium C, Mortensen J, Nielsen CH. Objective and noninvasive biochemical markers in rheumatoid arthritis: where are we and where are we going? Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:159-175. [PMID: 33783300 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1908892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the adult population. RA is multi-factorial, and as such our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the disease is currently limited. An increasing number of studies have suggested that several molecular phenotypes (i.e. endotypes) of RA exist, and that different endotypes respond differently to various treatments. Biochemical markers may be an attractive means for achieving precision medicine, as they are objective and easily obtainable. AREAS COVERED We searched recent publications on biochemical markers in RA as either diagnostic or prognostic markers, or as markers of disease activity. Here, we provide a narrative overview of different classes of markers, such as autoantibodies, citrulline products, markers of tissue turnover and cytokines, that have been tested in clinical cohorts or trials including RA patients. EXPERT OPINION Although many biochemical markers have been identified and tested, few are currently being used in clinical practice. As more treatment options are becoming available, the need for precision medicine tools that can aid physicians and patients in choosing the right treatment is growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Bay-Jensen
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Siebuhr
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Center for Rheumatolology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patryk Drobinski
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian Thudium
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joachim Mortensen
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Center for Rheumatolology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Holstein E, Dittmann A, Kääriäinen A, Pesola V, Koivunen J, Pihlajaniemi T, Naba A, Izzi V. The Burden of Post-Translational Modification (PTM)-Disrupting Mutations in the Tumor Matrisome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1081. [PMID: 33802493 PMCID: PMC7959462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the occurrence of mutations affecting post-translational modification (PTM) sites in matrisome genes across different tumor types, in light of their genomic and functional contexts and in comparison with the rest of the genome. METHODS This study spans 9075 tumor samples and 32 tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pan-Cancer cohort and identifies 151,088 non-silent mutations in the coding regions of the matrisome, of which 1811 affecting known sites of hydroxylation, phosphorylation, N- and O-glycosylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation and methylation PTM. RESULTS PTM-disruptive mutations (PTMmut) in the matrisome are less frequent than in the rest of the genome, seem independent of cell-of-origin patterns but show dependence on the nature of the matrisome protein affected and the background PTM types it generally harbors. Also, matrisome PTMmut are often found among structural and functional protein regions and in proteins involved in homo- and heterotypic interactions, suggesting potential disruption of matrisome functions. CONCLUSIONS Though quantitatively minoritarian in the spectrum of matrisome mutations, PTMmut show distinctive features and damaging potential which might concur to deregulated structural, functional, and signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Holstein
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.H.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (V.P.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Annalena Dittmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.H.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (V.P.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Anni Kääriäinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.H.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (V.P.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Vilma Pesola
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.H.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (V.P.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Jarkko Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.H.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (V.P.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.H.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (V.P.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.H.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (V.P.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Institute, 00130 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Leeming DJ, Nielsen SH, Vongsuvanh R, Uchila P, Nielsen MJ, Reese-Petersen AL, van der Poorten D, Eslam M, Schuppan D, Karsdal MA, George J. Endotrophin, a pro-peptide of Type VI collagen, is a biomarker of survival in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2020; 8:HEP32. [PMID: 34084451 PMCID: PMC8162185 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Type VI collagen, is emerging as a signaling collagen originating from different types of fibroblasts. A specific fragment of Type VI collagen, the pro-peptide, is also known as the hormone endotrophin. We hypothesized that this fibroblast hormone would be of particular relevance in cancer types with a high amount of fibrosis activity, namely for outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cirrhotic patients. PATIENTS & METHODS Plasma C6M, PRO-C6 and alphafeto-protein (AFP) were assessed in 309 patients with mixed etiologies (hepatitis C, hepatitis B, alcohol and nonalcoholic fatty liver) diagnosed as cirrhotics, cirrhotics with HCC, noncirrhotics and healthy controls. Progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) data were collected up to 6120 days after diagnosis. The ability of each marker to predict survival was investigated. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The level of endotrophin assessed by PRO-C6 was able to separate healthy controls, noncirrhotics and cirrhotics from HCC (p < 0.05-0.0001). Both endotrophin and C6M provided value in the prediction of OS in cirrhotic patients with HCC. In the multivariate analysis for identifying HCC, in patients with high endotrophin (highest quartile) and that were positive for AFP (≥20 IU/ml), the hazard ratio for predicting OS was increased from 3.7 (p = 0.0006) to 14.4 (p = 0.0001) when comparing with AFP positive as a stand-alone marker. In conclusion, plasma levels for markers of Type VI collagen remodeling were associated with survival in cirrhotic patients with HCC. A combination of AFP with endotrophin improved the prognostic value compared with AFP alone for predicting OS in cirrhotic patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Signe Holm Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biology & Biomarkers, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roslyn Vongsuvanh
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital & University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pruthviraj Uchila
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital & University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - David van der Poorten
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital & University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital & University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology & Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital & University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Karsdal MA, Kraus VB, Shevell D, Bay-Jensen AC, Schattenberg J, Rambabu Surabattula R, Schuppan D. Profiling and targeting connective tissue remodeling in autoimmunity - A novel paradigm for diagnosing and treating chronic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102706. [PMID: 33188918 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue (ConT) remodeling is an essential process in tissue regeneration, where a balanced replacement of old tissue by new tissue occurs. This balance is disturbed in chronic diseases, often autoimmune diseases, usually resulting in the buld up of fibrosis and a gradual loss of organ function. During progression of liver, lung, skin, heart, joint, skeletal and kidney diseasesboth ConT formation and degradation are elevated, which is tightly linked to immune cell activation and a loss of specific cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that are required for normal organ function. Here, we address the balance of key general and organ specific components of the ECM during homeostasis and in disease, with a focus on collagens, which are emerging as both structural and signaling molecules harbouring neoepitopes and autoantigens that are released during ConT remodeling. Specific collagen molecular signatures of ConT remodeling are linked to disease activity and stage, and to prognosis across different organs. These signatures accompany and further drive disease progression, and often become detectable before clinical disease manifestation (illness). Recent advances allow to quantify and define the nature of ConT remodeling via blood-based assays that measure the levels of well-defined collagen fragments, reflecting different facets of ConT formation and degradation, and associated immunological processes. These novel serum assays are becoming important tools of precision medicine, to detect various chronic and autoimmune diseases before their clinical manifestation, and to non-invasively monitor the efficacy of a broad range of pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Asser Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Metabolic Liver Research Program, Denmark
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diane Shevell
- Clinical Biomarkers and Immunology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Westfield, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - R Rambabu Surabattula
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Tang MHE, Blair JPM, Bager CL, Bay-Jensen AC, Henriksen K, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Matrix metalloproteinase-degraded type I collagen is associated with APOE/TOMM40 variants and preclinical dementia. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e508. [PMID: 33134509 PMCID: PMC7577557 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Dysregulation of type I collagen metabolism has a great impact on human health. We have previously seen that matrix metalloproteinase–degraded type I collagen (C1M) is associated with early death and age-related pathologies. To dissect the biological impact of type I collagen dysregulation, we have performed a genome-wide screening of the genetic factors related to type I collagen turnover. Methods Patient registry data and genotypes have been collected for a total of 4,981 Danish postmenopausal women. Genome-wide association with serum levels of C1M was assessed and phenotype-genotype association analysis performed. Results Twenty-two genome-wide significant variants associated with C1M were identified in the APOE-C1/TOMM40 gene cluster. The APOE-C1/TOMM40 gene cluster is associated with hyperlipidemia and cognitive disorders, and we further found that C1M levels correlated with tau degradation markers and were decreased in women with preclinical cognitive impairment. Conclusions Our study provides elements for better understanding the role of the collagen metabolism in the onset of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hung Eric Tang
- ProScion (M.-H.E.T., J.P.M.B., C.L.B.), Herlev; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (J.P.M.B.), University of Copenhagen; ImmunoScience (A.-C.B.-J., C.C., M.A.K.), and Endocrinology (K.H.), Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joseph P M Blair
- ProScion (M.-H.E.T., J.P.M.B., C.L.B.), Herlev; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (J.P.M.B.), University of Copenhagen; ImmunoScience (A.-C.B.-J., C.C., M.A.K.), and Endocrinology (K.H.), Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Liv Bager
- ProScion (M.-H.E.T., J.P.M.B., C.L.B.), Herlev; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (J.P.M.B.), University of Copenhagen; ImmunoScience (A.-C.B.-J., C.C., M.A.K.), and Endocrinology (K.H.), Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne-Christine Bay-Jensen
- ProScion (M.-H.E.T., J.P.M.B., C.L.B.), Herlev; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (J.P.M.B.), University of Copenhagen; ImmunoScience (A.-C.B.-J., C.C., M.A.K.), and Endocrinology (K.H.), Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim Henriksen
- ProScion (M.-H.E.T., J.P.M.B., C.L.B.), Herlev; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (J.P.M.B.), University of Copenhagen; ImmunoScience (A.-C.B.-J., C.C., M.A.K.), and Endocrinology (K.H.), Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus Christiansen
- ProScion (M.-H.E.T., J.P.M.B., C.L.B.), Herlev; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (J.P.M.B.), University of Copenhagen; ImmunoScience (A.-C.B.-J., C.C., M.A.K.), and Endocrinology (K.H.), Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Asser Karsdal
- ProScion (M.-H.E.T., J.P.M.B., C.L.B.), Herlev; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (J.P.M.B.), University of Copenhagen; ImmunoScience (A.-C.B.-J., C.C., M.A.K.), and Endocrinology (K.H.), Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
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21
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Hurkmans DP, Jensen C, Koolen SLW, Aerts J, Karsdal MA, Mathijssen RHJ, Willumsen N. Blood-based extracellular matrix biomarkers are correlated with clinical outcome after PD-1 inhibition in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001193. [PMID: 33093157 PMCID: PMC7583811 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor induce a response in only a subgroup of patients with metastatic melanoma. Previous research suggests that transforming growth factor beta signaling and a collagen-rich peritumoral stroma (tumor fibrosis), may negatively interfere with the interaction between T cells and tumor cells and thereby contribute to resistance mechanisms by immune-exclusion, while increased tumor infiltration of M1-like macrophages enhances T cell activity. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the relationship between blood-based markers of collagen or vimentin turnover (reflecting M1 macrophage activity) and clinical outcome in patients with metastatic melanoma after PD-1 inhibition. Methods Patients with metastatic melanoma who were treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy between May 2016 and March 2019 were included in a prospective observational study. N-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen (PRO-C3) cross-linked N-terminal pro-peptides of type III collagen (PC3X), matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-degraded type III (C3M) and type IV collagen (C4M), granzyme B-degraded type IV collagen and citrullinated and MMP-degraded vimentin (VICM) were measured with immunoassays in serum before (n=107), and 6 weeks after the first administration of immunotherapy (n=94). The association between biomarker levels and overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified high baseline PRO-C3 (Q4) and PC3X (Q4) as independent variables of worse PFS (PRO-C3: HR=1.81, 95% CI=1.06 to 3.10, p=0.030 and PC3X: HR=1.86, 95% CI=1.09 to 3.18, p=0.023). High baseline PRO-C3 was also independently related to worse OS (HR=2.08, 95% CI=1.06 to 4.09, p=0.035), whereas a high C3M/PRO-C3 ratio was related to improved OS (HR=0.42, 95% CI=0.20 to 0.90, p=0.025). An increase in VICM (p<0.0001; in 56% of the patients) was observed after 6 weeks of treatment, and an increase in VICM was independently associated with improved OS (HR=0.28, 95% CI=0.10 to 0.77, p=0.014). Conclusions Blood-based biomarkers reflecting excessive type III collagen turnover were associated with worse OS and PFS after PD-1 inhibition in metastatic melanoma. Moreover, an increase in VICM levels after 6 weeks of treatment was associated with improved OS. These findings suggest that type III collagen and vimentin turnover contribute to resistance/response mechanisms of PD-1 inhibitors and hold promise of assessing extracellular matrix-derived and stroma-derived components to predict immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan P Hurkmans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands .,Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Aerts
- Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Jensen C, Sinkeviciute D, Madsen DH, Önnerfjord P, Hansen M, Schmidt H, Karsdal MA, Svane IM, Willumsen N. Granzyme B Degraded Type IV Collagen Products in Serum Identify Melanoma Patients Responding to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102786. [PMID: 32998446 PMCID: PMC7601429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Novel biomarkers that can identify melanoma patients responding to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are urgently needed. As high T-cell infiltration and low fibrotic activity are associated with response, we aimed to examine the serum biomarker potential of granzyme B degraded type IV collagen (C4G) products in combination with the fibrosis biomarker PRO-C3. We found that high C4G combined with low PRO-C3 has the potential to identify patients responding to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy suggesting that these biomarkers may provide a non-invasive tool for patient selection and therapeutic decision-making in the future. Abstract A T-cell permissive tumor microenvironment, characterized by the presence of activated T cells and low fibrotic activity is crucial for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Granzyme B has been shown to promote T-cell migration through the basement membrane by the degradation of type IV collagen. In this study, we evaluated the biomarker potential of measuring granzyme B-mediated degradation of type IV collagen (C4G) in combination with a fibroblast activation biomarker (PRO-C3) non-invasively for identifying metastatic melanoma patients responding to the ICI ipilimumab. A monoclonal antibody was generated against C4G and used to develop a competitive electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. C4G and PRO-C3 were measured in pretreatment serum from metastatic melanoma patients (n = 54). The C4G assay was found specific for a granzyme B-generated neo-epitope on type IV collagen. The objective response rate (ORR) was 2.6-fold higher (18% vs. 7%) in patients with high C4G levels (>25th percentile) vs. low levels (≤25th percentile). Likewise, high C4G levels at baseline were associated with longer overall survival (OS) (log-rank, p = 0.040, and hazard ratio (HR) = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.24–0.98, p = 0.045). Combining high C4G with low PRO-C3 correlated with improved OS with a median OS of 796 days vs. 273 days (p = 0.0003) and an HR of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.15–0.60, p = 0.0006). In conclusion, these results suggest that high granzyme B degraded type IV collagen (C4G) combined with low PRO-C3 quantified non-invasively has the potential to identify the responders to ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jensen
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (D.S.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Dovile Sinkeviciute
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (D.S.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Daniel Hargbøl Madsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (D.H.M.); (M.H.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Morten Hansen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (D.H.M.); (M.H.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Morten Asser Karsdal
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (D.S.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (D.H.M.); (M.H.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Nicholas Willumsen
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (D.S.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
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23
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Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Role of extra cellular proteins in gastric cancer progression and metastasis: an update. Genes Environ 2020; 42:18. [PMID: 32467737 PMCID: PMC7227337 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a high ratio of mortality. Regarding the late diagnosis, there is a high ratio of distant metastasis among GC cases. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic modalities, there is not still an efficient therapeutic method to increase survival rate of metastatic GC cases. Main body Apart from the various intracellular signaling pathways which are involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis, the local microenvironment is also a critical regulator of tumor cell migration. Indeed, the intracellular signaling pathways also exert their final metastatic roles through regulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, it is required to assess the role of extra cellular components in biology of GC. Conclusion In the present review, we summarize 48 of the significant ECM components including 17 ECM modifying enzymes, seven extracellular angiogenic factors, 13 cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organizers, seven matricellular proteins and growth factors, and four proteoglycans and extra cellular glycoproteins. This review paves the way of determination of a specific extra cellular diagnostic and prognostic panel marker for the GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Bager CL, Willumsen N, Christiansen C, Bay-Jensen AC, Nielsen HB, Karsdal M. Bone and Soft Tissue Turnover in Relation to All-cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1098-1104. [PMID: 30010805 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and mortality is currently unknown. The study aimed to determine if levels of ECM turnover are predictors of all-cause mortality in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. METHODS 5,855 postmenopausal Danish women enrolled in the Prospective Epidemiologic Risk Factor (PERF) study. Baseline demographics and serum were collected at registration. Dates of death were obtained from the Danish Death Registry. ECM turnover was evaluated by serological biomarkers measuring bone (telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX-1] and osteocalcin) and soft tissue (formation of type VI collagen [PRO-C6], MMP-degraded type IV collagen [C4M], formation of type III collagen [PRO-C3], and MMP-degraded type I collagen [C1M]) turnover. Multivariate Cox analyses were performed with 3, 5, and 15 years of follow-up. RESULTS The association of bone turnover (CTX-1 and osteocalcin) with all-cause mortality was U-shaped for all time periods. After adjustment for possible confounders, the lowest quintile of bone formation and degradation remained significant for all time periods. We observed J-shaped association between all-cause mortality and PRO-C6, C4M, and PRO-C3, and there was a linear association between C1M and all-cause mortality. After adjustment for possible confounders, the highest quintile of the soft tissue turnover biomarkers (PRO-C6, C4M, PRO-C3, and C1M) remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality for all time periods. CONCLUSION Both low and high levels of tissue turnover were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. Overall, these results highlight the importance of bone and soft tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Morten Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Research and Development, Herlev, Denmark
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25
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Miller AE, Hu P, Barker TH. Feeling Things Out: Bidirectional Signaling of the Cell-ECM Interface, Implications in the Mechanobiology of Cell Spreading, Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901445. [PMID: 32037719 PMCID: PMC7274903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical cues stemming from the extracellular environment are rapidly transduced into discernible chemical messages (mechanotransduction) that direct cellular activities-placing the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a potent regulator of cell behavior. Dynamic reciprocity between the cell and its associated matrix is essential to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and dysregulation of both ECM mechanical signaling, via pathological ECM turnover, and internal mechanotransduction pathways contribute to disease progression. This review covers the current understandings of the key modes of signaling used by both the cell and ECM to coregulate one another. By taking an outside-in approach, the inherent complexities and regulatory processes at each level of signaling (ECM, plasma membrane, focal adhesion, and cytoplasm) are captured to give a comprehensive picture of the internal and external mechanoregulatory environment. Specific emphasis is placed on the focal adhesion complex which acts as a central hub of mechanical signaling, regulating cell spreading, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, a wealth of available knowledge on mechanotransduction is curated to generate an integrated signaling network encompassing the central components of the focal adhesion, cytoplasm and nucleus that act in concert to promote durotaxis, proliferation, and differentiation in a stiffness-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd. MR5 1225, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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26
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Pan S, Brentnall TA, Chen R. Proteome alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:429-436. [PMID: 31734355 PMCID: PMC9017243 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the essential functional biomolecules profoundly implicated in all aspects of pancreatic tumorigenesis and its progression. While common genomic factors, such as KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A have been well recognized in association of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), our understanding of functional changes at the proteome level merits further investigation. Malignance associated proteome alterations can be attributed to the convoluted outcomes from genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in initiating and progressing PDAC, and may reflect on changes in protein expressional level, structure, localization, as well as post-translational modifications (PTMs) status. The study of localized or systemic proteome alterations in PDAC, as well as its precursor lesions, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasm, would provide unique perspectives in elucidating functional molecular events underlying PDAC. While efforts have been made, challenges still exist to comprehensively integrate much of the proteomic discovery to the perspectives gained from genomic studies in the context of biomarker discovery. Novel approaches and data from well-defined longitudinal clinical studies and experimental models are needed to facilitate the study of PDAC and precursor lesions for early detection and intervention.
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27
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Nissen NI, Karsdal M, Willumsen N. Post-translational modifications of vimentin reflect different pathological processes associated with non-small cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6829-6841. [PMID: 31827725 PMCID: PMC6887574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vimentin has shown to be highly implicated in cancer initiation and progression. Vimentin is often a target of post-translational modifications (PTMs) which can be disease specific, thus targeting these specific modifications can be of high biomarker potential. In this study we set out to evaluate the biological relevance and serum biomarker potential of citrullinated vimentin (VICM) and non-citrullinated vimentin (VIM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS A competitive ELISA targeting VIM was developed and quantified in serum from patients with NSCLC and COPD. VIM was compared with levels of VICM in the same indications. RESULTS VIM was significantly increased in NSCLC (n = 100) compared to healthy controls (n = 67) in two independent cohorts (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001). Furthermore, VIM was highly increased in late stages of NSCLC (p = 0.001), however VIM was not increased in COPD patients (n = 10). Contrarily, serum levels of VICM was not increased in late stages of NSCLC, but highly elevated in patients with COPD (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a biomarker potential of VIM in NSCLC. Our findings also indicate that PTMs of vimentin are highly relevant and that targeting these modifications can have differential biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Ingemann Nissen
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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28
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Yalak G, Shiu JY, Schoen I, Mitsi M, Vogel V. Phosphorylated fibronectin enhances cell attachment and upregulates mechanical cell functions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218893. [PMID: 31291285 PMCID: PMC6619657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of extracellular matrix proteins have been found in phosphorylated states, yet little is known about how the phosphorylation of extracellular matrix proteins might affect cell functions. We thus tested the hypothesis whether the phosphorylation of fibronectin, a major adhesion protein, affects cell behavior. Controlled in vitro phosphorylation of fibronectin by a casein kinase II (CKII) significantly upregulated cell traction forces and total strain energy generated by fibroblasts on nanopillar arrays, and consequently other elementary cell functions including cell spreading and metabolic activity. Mass spectrometry of plasma fibronectin from healthy human donors then identified a constitutively phosphorylated site in the C-terminus, and numerous other residues that became phosphorylated by the CKII kinase in vitro. Our findings open up novel strategies for translational applications including targeting diseased ECM, or to develop assays that probe the phosphorylation state of the ECM or blood as potential cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garif Yalak
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jau-Ye Shiu
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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29
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Frezzetti D, De Luca A, Normanno N. Extracellular matrix proteins as circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S1252-S1256. [PMID: 31245101 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.02.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frezzetti
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G.Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G.Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G.Pascale, Naples, Italy
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30
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Dufresne J, Bowden P, Thavarajah T, Florentinus-Mefailoski A, Chen ZZ, Tucholska M, Norzin T, Ho MT, Phan M, Mohamed N, Ravandi A, Stanton E, Slutsky AS, Dos Santos CC, Romaschin A, Marshall JC, Addison C, Malone S, Heyland D, Scheltens P, Killestein J, Teunissen CE, Diamandis EP, Michael Siu KW, Marshall JG. The plasma peptides of ovarian cancer. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:41. [PMID: 30598658 PMCID: PMC6302491 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It may be possible to discover new diagnostic or therapeutic peptides or proteins from blood plasma by using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify, quantify and compare the peptides cleaved ex vivo from different clinical populations. The endogenous tryptic peptides of ovarian cancer plasma were compared to breast cancer and female cancer normal controls, other diseases with their matched or normal controls, plus ice cold plasma to control for pre-analytical variation. Methods The endogenous tryptic peptides or tryptic phospho peptides (i.e. without exogenous digestion) were analyzed from 200 μl of EDTA plasma. The plasma peptides were extracted by a step gradient of organic/water with differential centrifugation, dried, and collected over C18 for analytical HPLC nano electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) with a linear quadrupole ion trap. The endogenous peptides of ovarian cancer were compared to multiple disease and normal samples from different institutions alongside ice cold controls. Peptides were randomly and independently sampled by LC–ESI–MS/MS. Precursor ions from peptides > E4 counts were identified by the SEQUEST and X!TANDEM algorithms, filtered in SQL Server, before testing of frequency counts by Chi Square (χ2), for analysis with the STRING algorithm, and comparison of precursor intensity by ANOVA in the R statistical system with the Tukey-Kramer Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. Results Peptides and/or phosphopeptides of common plasma proteins such as HPR, HP, HPX, and SERPINA1 showed increased observation frequency and/or precursor intensity in ovarian cancer. Many cellular proteins showed large changes in frequency by Chi Square (χ2 > 60, p < 0.0001) in the ovarian cancer samples such as ZNF91, ZNF254, F13A1, LOC102723511, ZNF253, QSER1, P4HA1, GPC6, LMNB2, PYGB, NBR1, CCNI2, LOC101930455, TRPM5, IGSF1, ITGB1, CHD6, SIRT1, NEFM, SKOR2, SUPT20HL1, PLCE1, CCDC148, CPSF3, MORN3, NMI, XTP11, LOC101927572, SMC5, SEMA6B, LOXL3, SEZ6L2, and DHCR24. The protein gene symbols with large Chi Square values were significantly enriched in proteins that showed a complex set of previously established functional and structural relationships by STRING analysis. Analysis of the frequently observed proteins by ANOVA confirmed increases in mean precursor intensity in ZFN91, TRPM5, SIRT1, CHD6, RIMS1, LOC101930455 (XP_005275896), CCDC37 and GIMAP4 between ovarian cancer versus normal female and other diseases or controls by the Tukey–Kramer HSD test. Conclusion Here we show that separation of endogenous peptides with a step gradient of organic/water and differential centrifugation followed by random and independent sampling by LC–ESI–MS/MS with analysis of peptide frequency and intensity by SQL Server and R revealed significant difference in the ex vivo cleavage of peptides between ovarian cancer and other clinical treatments. There was striking agreement between the proteins discovered from cancer plasma versus previous biomarkers discovered in tumors by genetic or biochemical methods. The results indicate that variation in plasma proteins from ovarian cancer may be directly discovered by LC–ESI–MS/MS that will be a powerful tool for clinical research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12014-018-9215-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Dufresne
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pete Bowden
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thanusi Thavarajah
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Zhuo Zhen Chen
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monika Tucholska
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tenzin Norzin
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret Truc Ho
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Morla Phan
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nargiz Mohamed
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- 2Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eric Stanton
- 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- 4Keenan Chair in Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- 5Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander Romaschin
- 5Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- 5Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina Addison
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shawn Malone
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daren Heyland
- 7Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Canada
| | - Philip Scheltens
- 8Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- 9MS Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- 10Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - John G Marshall
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.,13International Biobank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Luxembourg Institute of Health (formerly CRP Sante Luxembourg), Strassen, Luxembourg.,14Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
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31
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Leeming DJ, Willumsen N, Sand JMB, Holm Nielsen S, Dasgupta B, Brodmerkel C, Curran M, Bager CL, Karsdal MA. A serological marker of the N-terminal neoepitope generated during LOXL2 maturation is elevated in patients with cancer or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 17:38-43. [PMID: 30555938 PMCID: PMC6276730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) is associated with poor prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary disease (IPF) and cancer. We developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) targeting the LOXL2 neo-epitope generated through the release of the signal peptide during LOXL2 maturation. Design and methods An ELISA targeting the N-terminal site of the human LOXL2 was developed including technical optimization and validation steps. Serum LOXL2 was measured in patients with breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer, melanoma, IPF and in healthy controls (n = 16). Results A technically robust and specific assay was developed. LOXL2 was detectable in serum from healthy controls and showed reactivity towards recombinant LOXL2. Compared to controls, LOXL2 levels were significantly (p < 0.001–0.05) elevated in serum from patients with breast, colerectal, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancer (mean range: 49–84 ng/mL), but not in prostate cancer (mean: 36 ng/mL) and malignant melanoma patients (41 ng/mL). Serum LOXL2 was elevated in IPF patients compared to healthy controls (mean: 76.5 vs 46.8 ng/mL; p > 0.001) Conclusions A specific ELISA towards the N-terminal neo-epitope site in LOXL2 was developed which detected significantly elevated serum levels from patients with above-mentioned cancer types or IPF compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N Willumsen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J M B Sand
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Holm Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - B Dasgupta
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - C Brodmerkel
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - M Curran
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
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32
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Yuzhalin AE, Gordon-Weeks AN, Tognoli ML, Jones K, Markelc B, Konietzny R, Fischer R, Muth A, O'Neill E, Thompson PR, Venables PJ, Kessler BM, Lim SY, Muschel RJ. Colorectal cancer liver metastatic growth depends on PAD4-driven citrullination of the extracellular matrix. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4783. [PMID: 30429478 PMCID: PMC6235861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination of proteins, a post-translational conversion of arginine residues to citrulline, is recognized in rheumatoid arthritis, but largely undocumented in cancer. Here we show that citrullination of the extracellular matrix by cancer cell derived peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is essential for the growth of liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC). Using proteomics, we demonstrate that liver metastases exhibit higher levels of citrullination and PAD4 than unaffected liver, primary CRC or adjacent colonic mucosa. Functional significance for citrullination in metastatic growth is evident in murine models where inhibition of citrullination substantially reduces liver metastatic burden. Additionally, citrullination of a key matrix component collagen type I promotes greater adhesion and decreased migration of CRC cells along with increased expression of characteristic epithelial markers, suggesting a role for citrullination in promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and liver metastasis. Overall, our study reveals the potential for PAD4-dependant citrullination to drive the progression of CRC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Yuzhalin
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - A N Gordon-Weeks
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - M L Tognoli
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - K Jones
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - B Markelc
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - R Konietzny
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - R Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - A Muth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - E O'Neill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - P R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - P J Venables
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - B M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - S Y Lim
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - R J Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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Oo HZ, Seiler R, Black PC, Daugaard M. Post-translational modifications in bladder cancer: Expanding the tumor target repertoire. Urol Oncol 2018; 38:858-866. [PMID: 30342880 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genomic and transcriptomic analyses have uncovered promising tumor antigens including immunotherapeutic targets in bladder cancer (BCa). Conventional tumor antigens are proteins expressed on the plasma membrane of tumor cells such as EGFR, FGFR3, and ERBB2 in BCa, which can be targeted by antibodies or similar epitope-specific binding reagents. The cellular proteome consists of ∼100,000 proteins but the expression of these proteins is rarely unique to tumor cells. Many tumor-associated proteins are post-translationally modified with phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, or SUMOylation moieties. Although these modifications expand the complexity, they potentially offer novel targeting opportunities across tumor sub-populations. Experimental targeting of cancer-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) has shown encouraging results in pre-clinical models of BCa, which could potentially overcome issues with inherent intra-tumor heterogeneity due to simultaneous expression on different proteins. Here, we review current knowledge on post-translational modifications in BCa and highlight recent efforts in experimental targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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Tomlin H, Piccinini AM. A complex interplay between the extracellular matrix and the innate immune response to microbial pathogens. Immunology 2018; 155:186-201. [PMID: 29908065 PMCID: PMC6142291 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the host extracellular matrix (ECM) in infection tends to be neglected. However, the complex interactions between invading pathogens, host tissues and immune cells occur in the context of the ECM. On the pathogen side, a variety of surface and secreted molecules, including microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and tissue-degrading enzymes, are employed that interact with different ECM proteins to effectively establish an infection at specific sites. Microbial pathogens can also hijack or misuse host proteolytic systems to modify the ECM, evade immune responses or process biologically active molecules such as cell surface receptors and cytokines that direct cell behaviour and immune defence. On the host side, the ECM composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure undergo significant modifications, which have a profound impact on the specific signals that the ECM conveys to immune cells at the forefront of infection. Unexpectedly, activated immune cells participate in the remodelling of the local ECM by synthesizing ECM glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagen molecules. The close interplay between the ECM and the innate immune response to microbial pathogens ultimately affects the outcome of infection. This review explores and discusses recent data that implicate an active role for the ECM in the immune response to infection, encompassing antimicrobial activities, microbial recognition, macrophage activation, phagocytosis, leucocyte population balance, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory networks, and may foster novel antimicrobial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tomlin
- School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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Profiling of N-linked glycans from 100 cells by capillary electrophoresis with large-volume dual preconcentration by isotachophoresis and stacking. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:138-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Wang W, Tekcham DS, Yan M, Wang Z, Qi H, Liu X, Piao HL. Biochemical reactions in metabolite-protein interaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Filipe EC, Chitty JL, Cox TR. Charting the unexplored extracellular matrix in cancer. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:58-76. [PMID: 29671911 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is present in all solid tissues and considered a master regulator of cell behaviour and phenotype. The importance of maintaining the correct biochemical and biophysical properties of the ECM, and the subsequent regulation of cell and tissue homeostasis, is illustrated by the simple fact that the ECM is highly dysregulated in many different types of disease, especially cancer. The loss of tissue ECM homeostasis and integrity is seen as one of the hallmarks of cancer and typically defines transitional events in progression and metastasis. The vast majority of cancer studies place an emphasis on exploring the behaviour and intrinsic signalling pathways of tumour cells. Their goal was to identify ways to target intracellular pathways regulating cancer. Cancer progression and metastasis are powerfully influenced by the ECM and thus present a vast, unexplored repository of anticancer targets that we are only just beginning to tap into. Deconstructing the complexity of the tumour ECM landscape and identifying the interactions between the many cell types, soluble factors and extracellular-matrix proteins have proved challenging. Here, we discuss some of the emerging tools and platforms being used to catalogue and chart the ECM in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse C Filipe
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L Chitty
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Fine-Tuning Limited Proteolysis: A Major Role for Regulated Site-Specific O-Glycosylation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:269-284. [PMID: 29506880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Limited proteolytic processing is an essential and ubiquitous post-translational modification (PTM) affecting secreted proteins; failure to regulate the process is often associated with disease. Glycosylation is also a ubiquitous protein PTM and site-specific O-glycosylation in close proximity to sites of proteolysis can regulate and direct the activity of proprotein convertases, a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), and metalloproteinases affecting the activation or inactivation of many classes of proteins, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we summarize the emerging data that suggest O-glycosylation to be a key regulator of limited proteolysis, and highlight the potential for crosstalk between multiple PTMs.
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Willumsen N, Thomsen LB, Bager CL, Jensen C, Karsdal MA. Quantification of altered tissue turnover in a liquid biopsy: a proposed precision medicine tool to assess chronic inflammation and desmoplasia associated with a pro-cancerous niche and response to immuno-therapeutic anti-tumor modalities. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1-12. [PMID: 29022089 PMCID: PMC11028250 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-therapy has begun to revolutionize cancer treatment. However, despite the significant progress achieved in regard to the duration of clinical benefits, a substantial number of patients do not respond to these therapies. To improve the outcome of patients receiving immuno-therapy, there is a need for novel biomarkers that can predict and monitor treatment. Tumor microenvironment alterations, more specifically the state of chronic inflammation and desmoplasia (tumor fibrosis), are important factors to consider in this context. Here, we discuss the potential for quantification of altered tissue turnover in a liquid biopsy as a proposed precision medicine tool to assess chronic inflammation and desmoplasia in the immuno-oncology (IO) setting. We highlight the need for novel non-invasive biomarkers in IO and the importance of addressing tumor microenvironment alterations. We focus on desmoplasia and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and how the composition of the ECM defines T-cell permissiveness in the tumor microenvironment and opens up the possibility for associated liquid biopsy biomarkers. Moreover, we address the importance of the assessment of chronic inflammation, primarily macrophage activity, in a liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Willumsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Louise B Thomsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cecilie L Bager
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christina Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, Herlev, Denmark
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Burgstaller G, Oehrle B, Gerckens M, White ES, Schiller HB, Eickelberg O. The instructive extracellular matrix of the lung: basic composition and alterations in chronic lung disease. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/1/1601805. [PMID: 28679607 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01805-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) determines the tissue architecture of the lung, and provides mechanical stability and elastic recoil, which are essential for physiological lung function. Biochemical and biomechanical signals initiated by the ECM direct cellular function and differentiation, and thus play a decisive role in lung development, tissue remodelling processes and maintenance of adult homeostasis. Recent proteomic studies have demonstrated that at least 150 different ECM proteins, glycosaminoglycans and modifying enzymes are expressed in the lung, and these assemble into intricate composite biomaterials. These highly insoluble assemblies of interacting ECM proteins and their glycan modifications can act as a solid phase-binding interface for hundreds of secreted proteins, which creates an information-rich signalling template for cell function and differentiation. Dynamic changes within the ECM that occur upon injury or with ageing are associated with several chronic lung diseases. In this review, we summarise the available data about the structure and function of the pulmonary ECM, and highlight changes that occur in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. We discuss potential mechanisms of ECM remodelling and modification, which we believe are relevant for future diagnosis and treatment of chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Oehrle
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Gerckens
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Respiratory Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Postmenopausal Iron Overload Exacerbated Bone Loss by Promoting the Degradation of Type I Collagen. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1345193. [PMID: 28620614 PMCID: PMC5460413 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1345193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
117 postmenopausal women were divided into Normal, Bone loss (BL), and Osteoporosis group. Compared with Normal group (120.96 ± 43.18 μg/L), the serum ferritin (Fer) in BL (223.37 ± 130.27 μg/L) and Osteoporosis group (307.50 ± 161.48 μg/L) was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Fer level was negatively correlated with BMD (p < 0.01). TRACP levels in Osteoporosis group (4.37 ± 1.69 U/L) were significantly higher than Normal group (4.10 ± 1.60 U/L, p < 0.05). ALP levels in Osteoporosis group (112.06 ± 62.05 U/L) were significantly upregulated compared with Normal group (80.22 ± 14.94 U/L, p < 0.05). β-CTX and PINP were the degradation products of type I collagen. β-CTX levels in Osteoporosis group (667.90 ± 316.55 ng/L) were significantly increased compared with Normal group (406.06 ± 112.12 ng/L, p < 0.05). PINP levels in Osteoporosis group (78.03 ± 37.31 μg/L) were significantly higher than Normal group (37.60 ± 13.17 μg/L, p < 0.01). More importantly, there was a positive correlation between serum Fer and PINP (p < 0.01). Serum Fer showed a positive correlation of serum β-CTX (p < 0.01). The overloaded iron improved the degradation of type I collagen.
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Pan S, Brentnall TA, Chen R. Glycoproteins and glycoproteomics in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9288-9299. [PMID: 27895417 PMCID: PMC5107693 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in protein glycosylation and polysaccharides play a pivotal role in pancreatic tumorigenesis, influencing cancer progression, metastasis, immuno-response and chemoresistance. Abnormal expression in sugar moieties can impact the function of various glycoproteins, including mucins, surface receptors, adhesive proteins, proteoglycans, as well as their effectors and binding ligands, resulting in an increase in pancreatic cancer invasiveness and a cancer-favored microenvironment. Recent advance in glycoproteomics, glycomics and other chemical biology techniques have been employed to better understand the complex mechanism of glycosylation events and how they orchestrate molecular activities in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics implicated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A variety of strategies have been demonstrated targeting protein glycosylation and polysaccharides for diagnostic and therapeutic development.
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Čunderlíková B. Clinical significance of immunohistochemically detected extracellular matrix proteins and their spatial distribution in primary cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 105:127-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kehlet SN, Sanz-Pamplona R, Brix S, Leeming DJ, Karsdal MA, Moreno V. Excessive collagen turnover products are released during colorectal cancer progression and elevated in serum from metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30599. [PMID: 27465284 PMCID: PMC4964349 DOI: 10.1038/srep30599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During cancer progression, the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix becomes imbalanced with an excessive collagen remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases. As a consequence, small protein fragments of degraded collagens are released into the circulation. We have investigated the potential of protein fragments of collagen type I, III and IV as novel biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Specific fragments of degraded type I, III and IV collagen (C1M, C3M, C4M) and type III collagen formation (Pro-C3) were assessed in serum from colorectal cancer patients, subjects with adenomas and matched healthy controls using well-characterized and validated ELISAs. Serum levels of the biomarkers were significantly elevated in colorectal cancer patients compared to subjects with adenomas (C1M, Pro-C3, C3M) and controls (C1M, Pro-C3). When patients were stratified according to their tumour stage, all four biomarkers were able to differentiate stage IV metastatic patients from all other stages. Combination of all markers with age and gender in a logistic regression model discriminated between metastatic and non-metastatic patients with an AUROC of 0.80. The data suggest that the levels of these collagen remodeling biomarkers may be a measure of tumour activity and invasiveness and may provide new clinical tools for monitoring of patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kehlet
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.,Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - R Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Brix
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | | | | | - V Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Shen L, Li H, Shi Y, Wang D, Gong J, Xun J, Zhou S, Xiang R, Tan X. M2 tumour-associated macrophages contribute to tumour progression via legumain remodelling the extracellular matrix in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30347. [PMID: 27464733 PMCID: PMC4964568 DOI: 10.1038/srep30347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of M2 tumour-associated macrophages on the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are still controversial. Our data showed that the number of CD163-positive M2 macrophages correlated negatively with DLBCL prognosis. Macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes significantly suppressed tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model of DLBCL using OCI-Ly3 cells. Moreover, M2 polarization of macrophages induced legumain expression in U937 cells. Exogenous legumain promoted degradation of fibronectin and collagen I, which was abolished by administration of a legumain inhibitor RR-11a. Overexpression of legumain in Raw 264.7 cells also induced tube formation of endothelial cells in matrigel. In the xenograft mouse model of DLBCL, decreased fibronectin and collagen I, as well as increased legumain expression and angiogenesis were found at the late stage tumours compared with early stage tumours. Co-localization of legumain and fibronectin was observed in the extracellular matrix of tumour tissues. Administration of the legumain inhibitor to the xenograft DLBCL model suppressed tumour growth, angiogenesis and collagen deposition compared with the control. Taken together, our results suggest that M2 tumour-associated macrophages affect degradation of the extracellular matrix and angiogenesis via overexpression of legumain, and therefore play an active role in the progression of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shen
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dekun Wang
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency in Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Xun
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sifan Zhou
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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Shankar SP, Griffith M, Forrester JV, Kuffová L. Dendritic cells and the extracellular matrix: A challenge for maintaining tolerance/homeostasis. World J Immunol 2015; 5:113-130. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in contributing to structural, mechanical, functional and tissue-specific features in the body is well appreciated. While the ECM was previously considered to be a passive bystander, it is now evident that it plays active, dynamic and flexible roles in shaping cell survival, differentiation, migration and death to varying extents depending on the specific site in the body. Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as potent antigen presenting cells present in many tissues and in blood, continuously scrutinizing the microenvironment for antigens and mounting local and systemic host responses against harmful agents. DCs also play pivotal roles in maintaining homeostasis to harmless self-antigens, critical for preventing autoimmunity. What is less understood are the complex interactions between DCs and the ECM in maintaining this balance between steady-state tissue residence and DC activation during inflammation. DCs are finely tuned to inflammation-induced variations in fragment length, accessible epitopes and post-translational modifications of individual ECM components and correspondingly interpret these changes appropriately by adjusting their profiles of cognate binding receptors and downstream immune activation. The successful design and composition of novel ECM-based mimetics in regenerative medicine and other applications rely on our improved understanding of DC-ECM interplay in homeostasis and the challenges involved in maintaining it.
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48
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Youn H, Son B, Kim W, Jun SY, Lee JS, Lee J, Kang C, Kim J, Youn B. Dissociation of MIF‐rpS3 Complex and Sequential NF‐κB Activation Is Involved in IR‐Induced Metastatic Conversion of NSCLC. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2504-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HyeSook Youn
- Department of Biological SciencesPusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
- Nuclear Science Research InstitutePusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesPusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
- Nuclear Science Research InstitutePusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Jun
- Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMedical Research InstitutePusan National University School of MedicineBusan602‐739Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Myung Lee
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA
| | - Joon Kim
- Laboratory of BiochemistrySchool of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul136‐701Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological SciencesPusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
- Nuclear Science Research InstitutePusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityBusan609‐735Republic of Korea
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49
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Dragsbæk K, Neergaard JS, Hansen HB, Byrjalsen I, Alexandersen P, Kehlet SN, Bay-Jensen AC, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Matrix Metalloproteinase Mediated Type I Collagen Degradation - An Independent Risk Factor for Mortality in Women. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:723-9. [PMID: 26288845 PMCID: PMC4534684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fibro-proliferative diseases are associated with nearly 45% of all deaths in the developed world. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in disease development. Degradation of type I collagen is considered having a major role in this matter. C1M is a biomarker measuring type I collagen degradation fragments in blood. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether MMP mediated type I collagen degradation (C1M) was predictive of mortality in a large prospective cohort of Danish women aged 48–89 (n = 5855). Subjects with high serum C1M showed significant increased mortality. The adjusted three year HR was 2.02 [95% CI: 1.48–2.76] for all-cause mortality, 2.32 [95% CI: 1.51–3.56] for cancer and 1.77 [95% CI: 0.98–3.17] for cardiovascular diseases. The adjusted nine year HR was 1.50 [95% CI: 1.28–1.75] for all-cause mortality, 1.49 [95% CI: 1.16–1.90] for cancer and 1.69 [95% CI: 1.27–2.24] for cardiovascular diseases. High MMP-mediated type I collagen degradation was associated with increased mortality. Subjects with high C1M had a 2-fold increase in mortality compared to subjects with low levels of this collagen degradation product. High MMP-mediated type I collagen degradation is an independent risk factor associated with a 2-fold increase in mortality. A 2.3-fold increase in cancer mortality was found for subjects with high MMP-mediated type I collagen degradation. Specific enzymatic processing of type I collagen is essential since only C1M and not CTX-I was associated with mortality.
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50
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Yalak G, Vogel V. Ectokinases as novel cancer markers and drug targets in cancer therapy. Cancer Med 2014; 4:404-14. [PMID: 25504773 PMCID: PMC4380966 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While small-molecule kinase inhibitors became the most prominent anticancer drugs, novel combinatorial strategies need to be developed as the fight against cancer is not yet won. We review emerging literature showing that the release of several ectokinases is significantly upregulated in body fluids from cancer patients and that they leave behind their unique signatures on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Our analysis of proteomic data reveals that fibronectin is heavily phosphorylated in cancer tissues particularly within its growth factor binding sites and on domains that regulate fibrillogenesis. We are thus making the case that cancer is not only a disease of cells but also of the ECM. Targeting extracellular kinases or the extracellular signatures they leave behind might thus create novel opportunities in cancer diagnosis as well as new avenues to interfere with cancer progression and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garif Yalak
- Harvard Medical School/Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115; Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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