1
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Ramdin S, Naicker T, Baijnath S, Govender N. Is renal dysfunction amplified in an arginine vasopressin induced rat model of preeclampsia? Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100910. [PMID: 38851025 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Renal dysfunction is important in preeclampsia (PE) pathophysiology and has not been fully explored in the arginine vasopressin (AVP) rat model of PE. This study aimed to determine kidney toxicity associated with this model. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were subcutaneously infused with AVP or saline for 18 days. Urine samples (GD8, 14 and 18) were used to determine the levels of albumin, VEGF-A, clusterin, NGAL/Lipocalin-2, KIM-1, cystatin C, TIMP-1, β2M and OPN via Multiplex ELISAs. Albumin, and NGAL/lipocalin-2 were significantly elevated in the PAVP vs PS group on GD14 and GD18 (p < 0.001) respectively. VEGF-A significantly decreased in the pregnant vs non-pregnant groups on GD14 and 18 (p < 0.001). Clusterin (p < 0.001) and OPN (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the PAVP vs PS group on GD18. Cystatin C and KIM-1 are significantly upregulated in the PAVP vs PS groups throughout gestation (p < 0.05). β2M is significantly elevated in the PAVP vs PS group on GD14 and 18 (p < 0.05). AVP elevated the urinary levels of the kidney injury biomarkers and replicated the renal dysfunction associated with PE development. Our findings confirm the potential applications of this model in studying the mechanisms underlying renal damage in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Ramdin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
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2
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Feng Y, Xu S, Guo H, Ren TB, Huan SY, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Vanin-1-Activated Chemiluminescent Probe: Help to Early Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury with High Signal-to-Noise Ratio through Urinalysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14754-14761. [PMID: 37734030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Although urinalysis provides a noninvasive and convenient diagnostic method for AKI at the molecular level, the low sensitivity of current chemical probes used in urinalysis hinders the time diagnosis of AKI. Herein, we achieved the sensitive and early diagnosis of AKI by the development of a chemiluminescent probe CL-Pa suitable for detection of urinary Vanin-1. Vanin-1 is considered as an early and sensitive biomarker for AKI, while few chemical probes have been applied to for its efficient detection. By virtue of the low autofluorescence interference during urine imaging in the chemiluminescence model, CL-Pa could realize the monitoring of the up-regulated urinary Vanin-1 with a high signal-to-noise ratio (∼588). Importantly, under the help of CL-Pa, the up-regulation of urinary Vanin-1 of cisplatin-induced AKI mice at 12 h post cisplatin injection was detected, which was much earlier than clinical biomarkers (sCr and BUN) and change of kidney histology (48 h post cisplatin injection). Furthermore, using this probe, the fluctuation of urinary Vanin-1 of mice with different degrees of AKI was monitored. This study demonstrated the ability of CL-Pa in sensitively detecting drug-induced AKI through urinalysis and suggested the great potential of CL-Pa for early diagnosis of AKI and evaluate the efficiency of anti-AKI drugs clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Haowei Guo
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Yan Huan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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3
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Geng Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zhu M, Liu J, James TD. Recent progress in the development of fluorescent probes for imaging pathological oxidative stress. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37190785 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely related to the physiopathology of numerous diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) are direct participants and important biomarkers of oxidative stress. A comprehensive understanding of their changes can help us evaluate disease pathogenesis and progression and facilitate early diagnosis and drug development. In recent years, fluorescent probes have been developed for real-time monitoring of ROS, RNS and RSS levels in vitro and in vivo. In this review, conventional design strategies of fluorescent probes for ROS, RNS, and RSS detection are discussed from three aspects: fluorophores, linkers, and recognition groups. We introduce representative fluorescent probes for ROS, RNS, and RSS detection in cells, physiological/pathological processes (e.g., Inflammation, Drug Induced Organ Injury and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury etc.), and specific diseases (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, depression, diabetes and cancer, etc.). We then highlight the achievements, current challenges, and prospects for fluorescent probes in the pathophysiology of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiaying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Mingguang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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4
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Vanslambrouck JM, Wilson SB, Tan KS, Groenewegen E, Rudraraju R, Neil J, Lawlor KT, Mah S, Scurr M, Howden SE, Subbarao K, Little MH. Enhanced metanephric specification to functional proximal tubule enables toxicity screening and infectious disease modelling in kidney organoids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5943. [PMID: 36209212 PMCID: PMC9547573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids are now being used to model renal disease, the proximal nephron remains immature with limited evidence for key functional solute channels. This may reflect early mispatterning of the nephrogenic mesenchyme and/or insufficient maturation. Here we show that enhanced specification to metanephric nephron progenitors results in elongated and radially aligned proximalised nephrons with distinct S1 - S3 proximal tubule cell types. Such PT-enhanced organoids possess improved albumin and organic cation uptake, appropriate KIM-1 upregulation in response to cisplatin, and improved expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors resulting in increased viral replication. The striking proximo-distal orientation of nephrons resulted from localized WNT antagonism originating from the organoid stromal core. PT-enhanced organoids represent an improved model to study inherited and acquired proximal tubular disease as well as drug and viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Vanslambrouck
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean B Wilson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella Groenewegen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kynan T Lawlor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Mah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Scurr
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Diagnosis of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: State of the Art and Perspectives. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154576. [PMID: 35956190 PMCID: PMC9370029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI), a syndrome of sudden renal dysfunction occurring in the immediate post-operative period, is still sub-optimal. Standard CSA-AKI diagnosis is performed according to the international criteria for AKI diagnosis, afflicted with insufficient sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic capacity. In this article, we describe the limitations of current diagnostic procedures and of the so-called injury biomarkers and analyze new strategies under development for a conceptually enhanced diagnosis of CSA-AKI. Specifically, early pathophysiological diagnosis and patient stratification based on the underlying mechanisms of disease are presented as ongoing developments. This new approach should be underpinned by process-specific biomarkers including, but not limited to, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to other functions of renal excretion causing GFR-independent hydro-electrolytic and acid-based disorders. In addition, biomarker-based strategies for the assessment of AKI evolution and prognosis are also discussed. Finally, special focus is devoted to the novel concept of pre-emptive diagnosis of acquired risk of AKI, a premorbid condition of renal frailty providing interesting prophylactic opportunities to prevent disease through diagnosis-guided personalized patient handling. Indeed, a new strategy of risk assessment complementing the traditional scores based on the computing of risk factors is advanced. The new strategy pinpoints the assessment of the status of the primary mechanisms of renal function regulation on which the impact of risk factors converges, namely renal hemodynamics and tubular competence, to generate a composite and personalized estimation of individual risk.
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6
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Vanslambrouck JM, Wilson SB, Tan KS, Groenewegen E, Rudraraju R, Neil J, Lawlor KT, Mah S, Scurr M, Howden SE, Subbarao K, Little MH. Enhanced metanephric specification to functional proximal tubule enables toxicity screening and infectious disease modelling in kidney organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2021.10.14.464320. [PMID: 35665006 PMCID: PMC9164445 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.14.464320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
While pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids are now being used to model renal disease, the proximal nephron remains immature with limited evidence for key functional solute channels. This may reflect early mispatterning of the nephrogenic mesenchyme and/or insufficient maturation. Here we show that enhanced specification to metanephric nephron progenitors results in elongated and radially aligned proximalised nephrons with distinct S1 - S3 proximal tubule cell types. Such PT-enhanced organoids possess improved albumin and organic cation uptake, appropriate KIM-1 upregulation in response to cisplatin, and improved expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors resulting in increased viral replication. The striking proximo-distal orientation of nephrons resulted from localized WNT antagonism originating from the organoid stromal core. PT-enhanced organoids represent an improved model to study inherited and acquired proximal tubular disease as well as drug and viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Vanslambrouck
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean B. Wilson
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella Groenewegen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kynan T. Lawlor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Mah
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Scurr
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara E. Howden
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa H. Little
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Author for correspondence: M.H.L.: +61 3 9936 6206;
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7
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George B, Szilagyi JT, Joy MS, Aleksunes LM. Regulation of renal calbindin expression during cisplatin‐induced kidney injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23068. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blessy George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - John T. Szilagyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Melanie S. Joy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Aurora Colorado USA
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Cancer Center University of Colorado Aurora Colorado USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Lauren M. Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey USA
- Division of Toxicology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey USA
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8
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Saad AAA, Zhang F, Mohammed EAH, Wu X. Clinical Aspects of Drug–Drug Interaction and Drug Nephrotoxicity at Renal Organic Cation Transporters 2 (OCT2) and Multidrug and Toxin Exclusion 1, and 2-K (MATE1/MATE2-K). Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:382-393. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | | | - Xin’an Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
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9
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Smart L, Boyd C, Litton E, Pavey W, Vlaskovsky P, Ali U, Mori T, Barden A, Ho KM. A randomised controlled trial of succinylated gelatin (4%) fluid on urinary acute kidney injury biomarkers in cardiac surgical patients. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:48. [PMID: 34549356 PMCID: PMC8455786 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluid resuscitation is frequently required for cardiac surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The ideal fluid of choice in regard to efficacy and safety remains uncertain. Compared with crystalloid fluid, colloid fluid may result in less positive fluid balance. However, some synthetic colloids are associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study compared the effects of succinylated gelatin (4%) (GEL) with compound sodium lactate (CSL) on urinary AKI biomarkers in patients after cardiac surgery. Methods Cardiac surgical patients who required an intravenous fluid bolus of at least 500 mL postoperatively were randomly allocated to receive GEL or CSL as the resuscitation fluid of choice for the subsequent 24 h. Primary outcomes were serial urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C concentrations measured at baseline, 1 h, 5 h and 24 h after enrolment, with higher concentrations indicating greater kidney injury. Secondary biomarker outcomes included urinary clusterin, α1-microglobulin and F2-isoprostanes concentrations. Differences in change of biomarker concentration between the two groups over time were compared with mixed-effects regression models. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Forty cardiac surgical patients (n = 20 per group) with similar baseline characteristics were included. There was no significant difference in the median volume of fluid boluses administered over 24 h between the GEL (1250 mL, Q1–Q3 500–1750) and CSL group (1000 mL, Q1–Q3 500–1375) (P = 0.42). There was a significantly greater increase in urinary cystatin C (P < 0.001), clusterin (P < 0.001), α1-microglobulin (P < 0.001) and F2-isoprostanes (P = 0.020) concentrations over time in the GEL group, compared to the CSL group. Change in urinary NGAL concentration (P = 0.68) over time was not significantly different between the groups. The results were not modified by adjustment for either urinary osmolality or EuroSCORE II predicted risk of mortality. Conclusions This preliminary randomised controlled trial showed that use of succinylated gelatin (4%) for fluid resuscitation after cardiac surgery was associated with increased biomarker concentrations of renal tubular injury and dysfunction, compared to crystalloid fluid. These results generate concern that use of intravenous gelatin fluid may contribute to clinically relevant postoperative AKI. Trial registration ANZCTR.org.au, ACTRN12617001461381. Registered on 16th October, 2017, http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=373619&isReview=true. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40635-021-00412-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smart
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. .,Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Perth, Australia.
| | - Corrin Boyd
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Litton
- Intensive Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Warren Pavey
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
| | | | - Umar Ali
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Trevor Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anne Barden
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kwok Ming Ho
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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10
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Nieskens TTG, Magnusson O, Andersson P, Söderberg M, Persson M, Sjögren AK. Nephrotoxic antisense oligonucleotide SPC5001 induces kidney injury biomarkers in a proximal tubule-on-a-chip. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2123-2136. [PMID: 33961089 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a promising therapeutic modality. However, failure to predict acute kidney injury induced by SPC5001 ASO observed in a clinical trial suggests the need for additional preclinical models to complement the preceding animal toxicity studies. To explore the utility of in vitro systems in this space, we evaluated the induction of nephrotoxicity and kidney injury biomarkers by SPC5001 in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HRPTEC), cultured in 2D, and in a recently developed kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip. 2D HRPTEC cultures were exposed to the nephrotoxic ASO SPC5001 or the safe control ASO 556089 (0.16-40 µM) for up to 72 h, targeting PCSK9 and MALAT1, respectively. Both ASOs induced a concentration-dependent downregulation of their respective mRNA targets but cytotoxicity (determined by LDH activity) was not observed at any concentration. Next, chip-cultured HRPTEC were exposed to SPC5001 (0.5 and 5 µM) and 556089 (1 and 10 µM) for 48 h to confirm downregulation of their respective target transcripts, with 74.1 ± 5.2% for SPC5001 (5 µM) and 79.4 ± 0.8% for 556089 (10 µM). During extended exposure for up to 20 consecutive days, only SPC5001 induced cytotoxicity (at the higher concentration; 5 µM), as evaluated by LDH in the perfusate medium. Moreover, perfusate levels of biomarkers KIM-1, NGAL, clusterin, osteopontin and VEGF increased 2.5 ± 0.2-fold, 3.9 ± 0.9-fold, 2.3 ± 0.6-fold, 3.9 ± 1.7-fold and 1.9 ± 0.4-fold respectively, in response to SPC5001, generating distinct time-dependent profiles. In conclusion, target downregulation, cytotoxicity and kidney injury biomarkers were induced by the clinically nephrotoxic ASO SPC5001, demonstrating the translational potential of this kidney on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T G Nieskens
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Otto Magnusson
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- R&I Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mikael Persson
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Sjögren
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150, Mölndal, Sweden.
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11
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Liu L, Jiang L, Yuan W, Liu Z, Liu D, Wei P, Zhang X, Yi T. Dual-Modality Detection of Early-Stage Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by an Activatable Probe. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2457-2466. [PMID: 32702967 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of further injury. It remains challenging, however, because of the lack of activatable indicators with multimodality imaging capability that could increase the accuracy of diagnosis by mutual verification. Herein, we report an activatable probe, FDOCl-22, that enabled dual-modality detection of the early-stage drug-induced AKI. FDOCl-22 was completely soluble in water and highly sensitive to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Dramatic increases of both near-infrared (NIR) emission and absorption were observed after reaction with HOCl. A correlation between HOCl concentration and drug-induced AKI was established using FDOCl-22 as a tool. As a consequence, the HOCl-activated probe was able to detect the early-stage drug-induced AKI by dual-modality imaging, irrespective of the drug stimulation time or dosage, by combining NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhongkuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dongya Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Kidney-based in vivo model for drug-induced nephrotoxicity testing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13640. [PMID: 32796873 PMCID: PMC7428004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The need is critical and urgent for a real-time, highly specific, and sensitive acute kidney injury biomarker. This study sought to establish a sensitive and specific Miox-NanoLuc transgenic mouse for early detection of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. We generated Miox-NanoLuc transgenic mice with kidney-specific NanoLuc overexpression. Our data showed that Miox-NanoLuc-produced luminescence was kidney-specific and had good stability at room temperature, 4 °C, − 20 °C, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Serum levels of BUN and creatinine were significantly increased at day 2 or 3 in cisplatin-treated mice and at day 5 in aristolochic acid (AAI)-treated mice. Particularly, the serum and urine Miox-NanoLuc luminescence levels were significantly increased at day 1 in cisplatin-treated mice and at day 3 in AAI-treated mice. Renal pathological analysis showed that the kidney sections of cisplatin-treated mice at day 5 and AAI-treated mice at day 13 showed cytolysis and marked vacuolization of tubular cells. In conclusion, we developed a new platform to early quantify drug-induced nephrotoxicity before serum BUN and creatinine levels increased and pathological tubular cell injury occurred. This model may serve as an early detection for drug- and food-induced nephrotoxicity and as an animal model to investigate tubular cell injury.
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13
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Brankovic M, Akkerhuis KM, Hoorn EJ, van Boven N, van den Berge JC, Constantinescu A, Brugts J, van Ramshorst J, Germans T, Hillege H, Boersma E, Umans V, Kardys I. Renal tubular damage and worsening renal function in chronic heart failure: Clinical determinants and relation to prognosis (Bio-SHiFT study). Clin Cardiol 2020; 43:630-638. [PMID: 32298007 PMCID: PMC7298997 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is uncertain that chronic heart failure (CHF) patients are susceptible to renal tubular damage with that of worsening renal function (WRF) preceding clinical outcomes. Hypothesis Changes in tubular damage biomarkers are stronger predictors of subsequent clinical events than changes in creatinine (Cr), and both have different clinical determinants. Methods During 2.2 years, we repeatedly simultaneously collected a median of 9 blood and 8 urine samples per patient in 263 CHF patients. We determined the slopes (rates of change) of the biomarker trajectories for plasma (Cr) and urinary tubular damage biomarkers N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase (NAG), and kidney‐injury‐molecule (KIM)‐1. The degree of tubular injury was ranked according to NAG and KIM‐1 slopes: increase in neither, increase in either, or increase in both; WRF was defined as increasing Cr slope. The composite endpoint comprised HF‐hospitalization, cardiac death, left ventricular assist device placement, and heart transplantation. Results Higher baseline NT‐proBNP and lower eGFR predicted more severe tubular damage (adjusted odds ratio, adj. OR [95%CI, 95% confidence interval] per doubling NT‐proBNP: 1.26 [1.07‐1.49]; per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 eGFR decrease 1.16 [1.03‐1.31]). Higher loop diuretic doses, lower aldosterone antagonist doses, and higher eGFR predicted WRF (furosemide per 40 mg increase: 1.32 [1.08‐1.62]; spironolactone per 25 mg decrease: 1.76 [1.07‐2.89]; per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 eGFR increase: 1.40 [1.20‐1.63]). WRF and higher rank of tubular injury individually entailed higher risk of the composite endpoint (adjusted hazard ratios, adj. HR [95%CI]: WRF 1.9 [1.1‐3.4], tubular 8.4 [2.6‐27.9]; when combined risk was highest 15.0 [2.0‐111.0]). Conclusion Slopes of tubular damage and WRF biomarkers had different clinical determinants. Both predicted clinical outcome, but this association was stronger for tubular injury. Prognostic effects of both appeared independent and additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Brankovic
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nick van Boven
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C van den Berge
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jasper Brugts
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Ramshorst
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Germans
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Hillege
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Umans
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Troth SP, Vlasakova K, Amur S, Amin RP, Glaab WE. Translational Safety Biomarkers of Kidney Injury. Semin Nephrol 2019; 39:202-214. [PMID: 30827342 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury continues to be a common problem and there continues to be a medical need for sensitive translational biomarkers for clinical monitoring. The past decade has yielded unprecedented progress in fundamental research into novel kidney biomarker evaluation and the mechanistic understanding of kidney injury; as such, these novel biomarkers increasingly are being used in preclinical drug development and in early clinical trials of drug candidates on a case-by-case basis, as well as in medical and veterinary practice. With the recent successful clinical qualification of a subset of novel accessible biomarker candidates for use in early phase clinical trials, continued clinical evaluation may enable expanded regulatory qualification for more generalized clinical use. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the discovery and development of kidney safety biomarkers with a focus on current progress in nonclinical research, progress toward translation to the clinic, and perspectives on future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Troth
- Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
| | - Katerina Vlasakova
- Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA
| | - Shashi Amur
- Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Rupesh P Amin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA
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15
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The Predictive Role of the Biomarker Kidney Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205238. [PMID: 31652595 PMCID: PMC6834366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) following platinum-based chemotherapeutics is a frequently reported serious side-effect. However, there are no approved biomarkers that can properly identify proximal tubular injury while routine assessments such as serum creatinine lack sensitivity. Kidney-injury-molecule 1 (KIM-1) is showing promise in identifying cisplatin-induced renal injury both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we focus on describing the mechanisms of renal tubular cells cisplatin-induced apoptosis, the associated inflammatory response and oxidative stress and the role of KIM-1 as a possible biomarker used to predict cisplatin associated AKI.
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16
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Tang Z, Song B, Zhang W, Guo L, Yuan J. Precise Monitoring of Drug-Induced Kidney Injury Using an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targetable Ratiometric Time-Gated Luminescence Probe for Superoxide Anions. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14019-14028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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17
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Screening of Early Diagnostic Markers of Gentamicin-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Canines. J Vet Res 2019; 63:405-411. [PMID: 31572822 PMCID: PMC6749733 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) was assessed in early diagnosis of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs. Material and Methods Subcutaneous gentamicin injection in 16 healthy adult beagles made the AKI model. Blood was sampled every 6 h to detect NGAL, Kim-1, L-FABP, and serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations. Kidney tissue of two dogs was taken before the injection, as soon as SCr was elevated (78 μmol/L), and when it had risen to 1.5 times the baseline, and haematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe changes. Results NGAL, Kim-1, and SCr levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 18, 30, and 78 h post injection, but L-FABP concentration was not associated with renal injury. At the earliest SCr elevation stage, findings were mild oedema, degeneration, and vacuolisation in renal tubular epithelial cells in pathology, and mild cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oedema in TEM. At this time point, NGAL and Kim-1 concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05), indicating that these two molecules biomark early kidney injury in dogs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, their warning levels were > 25.31 ng/mL and > 48.52 pg/mL. Conclusion Plasma NGAL and Kim-1 above warning levels are early indicators of gentamicin-induced AKI in dogs.
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Zakaria MM, El-Tantawy FMM, Khater SM, Derbala SA, Farag VMEM, Abdel-Aziz AAF. Protective and curative role of Spirulina platensis extracts on cisplatin induce acute kidney injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2314808x.2019.1653570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Safaa A. Derbala
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Udupa V, Prakash V. Gentamicin induced acute renal damage and its evaluation using urinary biomarkers in rats. Toxicol Rep 2018; 6:91-99. [PMID: 30581763 PMCID: PMC6297903 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin induced dose dependent and temporal change in urinary biomarkers. Histological changes were minimal to severe on Day 4 & 8 respectively at both doses. Several fold increase in urinary biomarkers on Day 4 and 8 at both doses. On Day 8, increase in urinary and serum markers and histological changes. Clusterin is highly sensitive urinary biomarkers.
Consistent, sensitive biomarkers of acute kidney injury in animal models and humans have historically represented a poorly met need for investigators and clinicians. Detection of early kidney damage using urinary biomarkers is essential to assess the adversity in preclinical toxicology studies, which will help in reducing attrition of lead candidates in drug development. This study was undertaken to evaluate recently identified urinary biomarkers use in identifying acute kidney injury compared to traditional serum markers in experimentally induced nephrotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats is commonly detected using serum markers and histological evaluation of kidneys. Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside was administered at 30 and 100 mg/kg/day dose (subcutaneous) for seven consecutive days to induce nephrotoxicity. On day 4 and day 8 post treatment, serum and urine samples from these rats were analyzed for traditional serum/urine and novel urinary biomarkers and microscopic evaluation of kidneys. On Day 4, no statistically significant change in serum BUN and creatinine level, but increase in urinary microalbumin (mALB) and urinary protein (UP) noticed in both doses of Gentamicin treated rats. On Day 8 significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, UP and urinary mALB at 100 mg/kg/day, increase in total protein and decrease in albumin in 30 and 100 mg/kg/day and decrease in BUN and creatinine at 100 mg/kg of Gentamicin treated rats. The BUN and creatinine levels or fold change was comparable between control and 30 mg/kg of Gentamicin on Day 8, however, there was 5.6 and 3.4 fold change in BUN and Creatinine level noticed at 100 mg/kg/day of Gentamicin. On Day 4 and 8, significant increase in urinary levels of Clusterin was noted with animals administered both doses of Gentamicin. Similarly, significant increase in urinary levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), Cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were noticed with animals administered Gentamicin at 100 mg/kg/day on both Day 4 and 8. All these markers have shown dose-dependent change. Histological changes seen on Day 4 and Day 8 were of minimal to mild and moderate to severe in nature at both doses, respectively. The results demonstrated the sensitiveness and accuracy of detecting acute renal damage with novel urinary biomarkers, and their use in diagnosing early kidney damage. This helps in adversity assessment in animal toxicology studies and advocating right treatment to patients who have early renal injury which otherwise can only be diagnosed by elevated levels of traditional biomarkers in blood only after >30% of kidneys is damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesha Udupa
- Department of Toxicology, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited, A607, TTC Industrial Area, MIDC, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, 400 709, Maharashtra, India
| | - Veeru Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211 007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Lv Y, Dan Cheng, Dongdong Su, Chen M, Yin BC, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Visualization of oxidative injury in the mouse kidney using selective superoxide anion fluorescent probes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7606-7613. [PMID: 30393520 PMCID: PMC6187691 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03308k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), caused by renal drug metabolism, has been regarded as a main problem in clinical pharmacology and practice. However, due to the lack of effective biomarkers and noninvasive real-time tools, the early diagnosis of drug-induced AKI is still a crucial challenge. The superoxide anion (O2˙-), the preliminary reactive oxidative species, is closely related to drug-induced AKI. In this paper, we reported two new mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probes for investigating AKI via mapping the fluctuation of O2˙- with high sensitivity and selectivity by the combination of rational design and a probe-screening approach. Small-molecule fluorescent probes (Naph-O2˙- and NIR-O2˙- ) with high accuracy and excellent selectivity were successfully applied to detect endogenously produced O2˙- in living cells and tissues by dual-model confocal imaging, and to trap the fluctuation of the O2˙- level during the drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Moreover, probe NIR-O2˙- was also used to elucidate the protective effects of l-carnitine (LC) against drug-induced nephrotoxicity for the first time. Therefore, these probes may be potential chemical tools for exploring the roles of O2˙- in complex nephrotoxicity disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , 410082 , PR China .
| | - Dan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , 410082 , PR China .
| | - Dongdong Su
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #02-02 , 138667 , Singapore
| | - Mei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , PR China
| | - Bin-Cheng Yin
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis , State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , 410082 , PR China .
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , 410082 , PR China .
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21
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Ahmad T, Jackson K, Rao VS, Tang WHW, Brisco-Bacik MA, Chen HH, Felker GM, Hernandez AF, O'Connor CM, Sabbisetti VS, Bonventre JV, Wilson FP, Coca SG, Testani JM. Worsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Undergoing Aggressive Diuresis Is Not Associated With Tubular Injury. Circulation 2018; 137:2016-2028. [PMID: 29352071 PMCID: PMC6066176 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worsening renal function (WRF) in the setting of aggressive diuresis for acute heart failure treatment may reflect renal tubular injury or simply indicate a hemodynamic or functional change in glomerular filtration. Well-validated tubular injury biomarkers, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule 1, are now available that can quantify the degree of renal tubular injury. The ROSE-AHF trial (Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation-Acute Heart Failure) provides an experimental platform for the study of mechanisms of WRF during aggressive diuresis for acute heart failure because the ROSE-AHF protocol dictated high-dose loop diuretic therapy in all patients. We sought to determine whether tubular injury biomarkers are associated with WRF in the setting of aggressive diuresis and its association with prognosis. METHODS Patients in the multicenter ROSE-AHF trial with baseline and 72-hour urine tubular injury biomarkers were analyzed (n=283). WRF was defined as a ≥20% decrease in glomerular filtration rate estimated with cystatin C. RESULTS Consistent with protocol-driven aggressive dosing of loop diuretics, participants received a median 560 mg IV furosemide equivalents (interquartile range, 300-815 mg), which induced a urine output of 8425 mL (interquartile range, 6341-10 528 mL) over the 72-hour intervention period. Levels of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule 1 did not change with aggressive diuresis (both P>0.59), whereas levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin decreased slightly (-8.7 ng/mg; interquartile range, -169 to 35 ng/mg; P<0.001). WRF occurred in 21.2% of the population and was not associated with an increase in any marker of renal tubular injury: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (P=0.21), N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (P=0.46), or kidney injury molecule 1 (P=0.22). Increases in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, and kidney injury molecule 1 were paradoxically associated with improved survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80 per 10 percentile increase; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.91; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Kidney tubular injury does not appear to have an association with WRF in the context of aggressive diuresis of patients with acute heart failure. These findings reinforce the notion that the small to moderate deteriorations in renal function commonly encountered with aggressive diuresis are dissimilar from traditional causes of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmad
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., K.J., V.S.R., J.M.T.)
| | - Keyanna Jackson
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., K.J., V.S.R., J.M.T.)
| | - Veena S Rao
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., K.J., V.S.R., J.M.T.)
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.)
| | - Meredith A Brisco-Bacik
- Cardiology Division, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.A.B.-B.)
| | - Horng H Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (H.H.C.)
| | - G Michael Felker
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Heart Center, Durham, NC (G.M.F., A.F.H.)
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Heart Center, Durham, NC (G.M.F., A.F.H.)
| | | | - Venkata S Sabbisetti
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (V.S.S., J.V.B.)
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (V.S.S., J.V.B.)
| | - F Perry Wilson
- Nephrology (F.P.W.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven G Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.G.C.)
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Tong Y, Huang X, Lu M, Yu BY, Tian J. Prediction of Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity with a Hydroxyl Radical and Caspase Light-Up Dual-Signal Nanoprobe. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3556-3562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Xitong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Mi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
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23
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Kokura K, Kuromi Y, Endo T, Anzai N, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Ohbayashi T. A kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) gene reporter in a mouse artificial chromosome: the responsiveness to cisplatin toxicity in immortalized mouse kidney S3 cells. J Gene Med 2018; 18:273-281. [PMID: 27591740 PMCID: PMC5095820 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1) has been validated as a urinary biomarker for acute and chronic renal damage. The expression of Kim‐1 mRNA is also activated by acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin in rodents and humans. To date, the measurement of Kim‐1 expression has not fully allowed the detection of in vitro cisplatin nephrotoxicity in immortalized culture cells, such as human kidney‐2 cells and immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells. Methods We measured the augmentation of Kim‐1 mRNA expression after the addition of cisplatin using immortalized S3 cells established from the kidneys of transgenic mice harboring temperature‐sensitive large T antigen from Simian virus 40. Results A mouse Kim‐1 gene luciferase reporter in conjunction with an Hprt gene reporter detected cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in S3 cells. These two reporter genes were contained in a mouse artificial chromosome, and two luciferases that emitted different wavelengths were used to monitor the respective gene expression. However, the Kim‐1 reporter gene failed to respond to cisplatin in A9 fibroblast cells that contained the same reporter mouse artificial chromosome, suggesting cell type‐specificity for activation of the reporter. Conclusions We report the feasibility of measuring in vitro cisplatin nephrotoxicity using a Kim‐1 reporter gene in S3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kokura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.,Division of Human Genome Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kuromi
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori, Tottori, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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24
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Qualification of safety biomarkers for use in drug development: What has been achieved and what is the path forward? CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Georgatzakou HT, Tzounakas VL, Kriebardis AG, Velentzas AD, Papageorgiou EG, Voulgaridou AI, Kokkalis AC, Antonelou MH, Papassideri IS. Pathophysiological aspects of red blood cells in end-stage renal disease patients resistant to recombinant human erythropoietin therapy. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:590-600. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hara T. Georgatzakou
- Department of Biology; Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics; School of Science; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA); Athens Greece
| | - Vassilis L. Tzounakas
- Department of Biology; Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics; School of Science; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA); Athens Greece
| | - Anastasios G. Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories; Faculty of Health and Caring Professions; Technological and Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Athanassios D. Velentzas
- Department of Biology; Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics; School of Science; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA); Athens Greece
| | - Effie G. Papageorgiou
- Department of Medical Laboratories; Faculty of Health and Caring Professions; Technological and Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens; Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Marianna H. Antonelou
- Department of Biology; Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics; School of Science; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA); Athens Greece
| | - Issidora S. Papassideri
- Department of Biology; Section of Cell Biology & Biophysics; School of Science; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA); Athens Greece
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Zhang P, Li W, Chen J, Li R, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xu F. Branched-Chain Amino Acids as Predictors for Individual Differences of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity in Rats: A Pharmacometabonomics Study. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1753-1762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry
of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry
of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry
of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry
of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry
of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry
of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry
of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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27
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Downes KJ, Dong M, Fukuda T, Clancy JP, Haffner C, Bennett MR, Vinks AA, Goldstein SL. Urinary kidney injury biomarkers and tobramycin clearance among children and young adults with cystic fibrosis: a population pharmacokinetic analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:254-260. [PMID: 27585963 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobramycin is frequently used for treatment of bronchopneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Variability in tobramycin clearance (CL) is high in this population with few reliable approaches to guide dosing. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of once-daily intravenous tobramycin in patients with CF and test the influence of covariates on tobramycin CL, including serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary biomarkers: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). METHODS This was a prospective, observational cohort study of children/young adults with CF receiving once-daily intravenous tobramycin from October 2012 to May 2014 at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Therapeutic drug monitoring data were prospectively obtained. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using non-linear mixed-effects modelling. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (median age 15.3 years, IQR 12.7-19.5) received 62 tobramycin courses. A one-compartment model with allometrically scaled weight for tobramycin CL and volume of distribution (V) best described the data. Urinary NGAL was associated with tobramycin CL (P < 0.001), as was urinary RBP (P < 0.001). SCr, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary KIM-1 were not significant covariates. The population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were CL = 8.60 L/h/70 kg (relative standard error 4.3%) and V = 31.3 L/70 kg (relative standard error 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS We describe urinary biomarkers as predictors of tobramycin CL using a population pharmacokinetic modelling approach. Our findings suggest that patient weight and urinary NGAL or RBP could be used to individualize tobramycin therapy in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Downes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA .,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Min Dong
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John P Clancy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Pulmonology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Haffner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael R Bennett
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexander A Vinks
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stuart L Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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28
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Hanaoka K, Kawato Y, Kubo K, Nakanishi T, Maeda M, Nakamura K, Hirose J, Noto T, Fukahori H, Fujikawa A, Miyoshi S, Takakura S, Morokata T, Higashi Y. A chronic renal rejection model with a fully MHC-mismatched rat strain combination under immunosuppressive therapy. Transpl Immunol 2016; 38:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Phillips JA, Holder DJ, Ennulat D, Gautier JC, Sauer JM, Yang Y, McDuffie E, Sonee M, Gu YZ, Troth SP, Lynch K, Hamlin D, Peters DG, Brees D, Walker EG. Rat Urinary Osteopontin and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Improve Certainty of Detecting Drug-Induced Kidney Injury. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:214-23. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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30
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Mohamed F, Endre ZH, Buckley NA. Role of biomarkers of nephrotoxic acute kidney injury in deliberate poisoning and envenomation in less developed countries. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:3-19. [PMID: 26099916 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has diverse causes and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. In less developed countries (LDC), nephrotoxic AKI (ToxAKI) is common and mainly due to deliberate ingestion of nephrotoxic pesticides, toxic plants or to snake envenomation. ToxAKI shares some pathophysiological pathways with the much more intensively studied ischaemic AKI, but in contrast to ischaemic AKI, most victims are young, previously healthy adults. Diagnosis of AKI is currently based on a rise in serum creatinine. However this may delay diagnosis because of the kinetics of creatinine. Baseline creatinine values are also rarely available in LDC. Novel renal injury biomarkers offer a way forward because they usually increase more rapidly in AKI and are normally regarded as absent or very low in concentration, thereby reducing the need for a baseline estimate. This should increase sensitivity and speed of diagnosis. Specificity should also be increased for urine biomarkers since many originate from the renal tubular epithelium. Earlier diagnosis of ToxAKI should allow earlier initiation of appropriate therapy. However, translation of novel biomarkers of ToxAKI into clinical practice requires better understanding of non-renal factors in poisoning that alter biomarkers and the influence of dose of nephrotoxin on biomarker performance. Further issues are establishing LDC population-based normal ranges and assessing sampling and analytical parameters for low resource settings. The potential role of renal biomarkers in exploring ToxAKI aetiologies for chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDu) is a high research priority in LDC. Therefore, developing more sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of nephrotoxicity is a critical step to making progress against AKI and CKDu in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Mohamed
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, Professorial Medicine Unit, The Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Zoltan H Endre
- Department of Nephrology, Prince Of Wales Hospital and Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, Professorial Medicine Unit, The Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,Pharmacology, SOMS, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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van Meer L, Moerland M, Cohen AF, Burggraaf J. Urinary kidney biomarkers for early detection of nephrotoxicity in clinical drug development. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 77:947-57. [PMID: 24219059 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of drug-induced kidney injury is vital in drug development. Generally accepted biomarkers such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) lack sensitivity and early injury responses are missed. Many new biomarkers to detect nephrotoxicity for pre-clinical utilization have been described and their use is adopted in regulatory guidelines. However, guidance on appropriate biomarkers for clinical trials is minimal. We provide an overview of potentially useful kidney biomarkers that can be used in clinical trials. This includes guidance to select biomarkers suitable to capture specific characteristics of the (expected) kidney injury. We conclude that measurement of urinary kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1) serves many purposes and is often an appropriate choice. Cystatin C captures effects on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but this marker should preferably be combined with more specific markers to localize the origin of the observed effect. Untoward effects on tubules can be captured relatively well with several markers. Direct detection of glomerular injury is currently impossible since specific biomarkers are lacking. Indirect assessment of toxic effects on glomeruli is possible by using carefully selected panels of other injury markers. We conclude that it is possible to obtain appropriate information on nephrotoxicity in clinical drug development by using carefully selected panels of injury markers and suggest that identification and validation of specific glomerular biomarkers could be of great value.
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Benjamin A, Gallacher DJ, Greiter-Wilke A, Guillon JM, Kasai C, Ledieu D, Levesque P, Prelle K, Ratcliffe S, Sannajust F, Valentin JP. Renal studies in safety pharmacology and toxicology: A survey conducted in the top 15 pharmaceutical companies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 75:101-10. [PMID: 25637943 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the recent development of more sensitive biomarkers to assess kidney injury preclinically, a survey was designed i) to investigate what strategies are used to investigate renal toxicity in both ICH S7A compliant Safety Pharmacology (SP) studies after a single dose of a compound and within repeat-dose toxicity studies by large pharmaceutical companies today; ii) to understand whether renal SP studies have impact or utility in drug development and/or if it may be more appropriate to assess renal effects after multiple doses of compounds; iii) to ascertain how much mechanistic work is performed by the top 15 largest pharmaceutical companies (as determined by R&D revenue size); iv) to gain an insight into the impact of the validation of DIKI biomarkers and their introduction in the safety evaluation paradigm; and v) to understand the impact of renal/urinary safety study data on progression of projects. METHODS Two short anonymous surveys were submitted to SP leaders of the top 15 pharmaceutical companies, as defined by 2012 R&D portfolio size. Fourteen multiple choice questions were designed to explore the strategies used to investigate renal effects in both ICH S7A compliant SP studies and within toxicology studies. RESULTS A 67% and 60% response rate was obtained in the first and second surveys, respectively. Nine out of ten respondent companies conduct renal excretory measurements (eg. urine analysis) in toxicology studies whereas only five out of ten conduct specific renal SP studies; and all of those 5 also conduct the renal excretory measurements in toxicology studies. These companies measure and/or calculate a variety of parameters as part of these studies, and also on a case by case basis include regulatory qualified and non-qualified DIKI biomarkers. Finally, only one company has used renal/urinary functional data alone to stop a project, whereas the majority of respondents combine renal data with other target organ assessments to form an integrated decision-making set. CONCLUSION These short surveys highlighted areas of similarity: a) urinary measurements are most commonly taken on repeat-dose toxicity studies, and b) renal SP studies are less often utilised. The two major differences are a) lack of consistent use of DIKI biomarkers in urinary safety studies and b) the way large pharmaceutical companies assess renal function. Finally, suggestions were made to improve the safety assessment methods for determining the safety of compounds with potential renal liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Benjamin
- Safety Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Gallacher
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Safety Research & Mechanistic Pharmacology Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Michel Guillon
- Sanofi R&D, Preclinical Safety, Safety Pharmacology, 13 quai Jules Guesde, 94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Cheiko Kasai
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-1-6, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan
| | - David Ledieu
- Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Katja Prelle
- Safety Pharmacology, Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sian Ratcliffe
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 0634, USA
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, SALAR Division, 770 Sumneytown Pike, P.O. Box 4, West-Point, PA 19486-0004, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Valentin
- Safety Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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Kanki M, Moriguchi A, Sasaki D, Mitori H, Yamada A, Unami A, Miyamae Y. Identification of urinary miRNA biomarkers for detecting cisplatin-induced proximal tubular injury in rats. Toxicology 2014; 324:158-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Nassirpour R, Mathur S, Gosink MM, Li Y, Shoieb AM, Wood J, O'Neil SP, Homer BL, Whiteley LO. Identification of tubular injury microRNA biomarkers in urine: comparison of next-generation sequencing and qPCR-based profiling platforms. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:485. [PMID: 24942259 PMCID: PMC4079956 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate protein levels post-transcriptionally. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in many cellular processes and have been implicated in several diseases. Recent studies have reported significant levels of miRNAs in a variety of body fluids, raising the possibility that miRNAs could serve as useful biomarkers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly employed in biomedical investigations. Although concordance between this platform and qRT-PCR based assays has been reported in high quality specimens, information is lacking on comparisons in biofluids especially urine. Here we describe the changes in miRNA expression patterns in a rodent model of renal tubular injury (gentamicin). Our aim is to compare RNA sequencing and qPCR based miRNA profiling in urine specimen from control and rats with confirmed tubular injury. Results Our preliminary examination of the concordance between miRNA-seq and qRT-PCR in urine specimen suggests minimal agreement between platforms probably due to the differences in sensitivity. Our results suggest that although miRNA-seq has superior specificity, it may not detect low abundant miRNAs in urine samples. Specifically, miRNA-seq did not detect some sequences which were identified by qRT-PCR. On the other hand, the qRT-PCR analysis was not able to detect the miRNA isoforms, which made up the majority of miRNA changes detected by NGS. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time that miRNA profiling platforms including NGS have been compared in urine specimen. miRNAs identified by both platforms, let-7d, miR-203, and miR-320, may potentially serve as promising novel urinary biomarkers for drug induced renal tubular epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence O Whiteley
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
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Nan-Ya KI, Kajihara M, Kojima N, Degawa M. Usefulness of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) as a biomarker for cisplatin-induced sub-chronic kidney injury. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:124-32. [PMID: 24737228 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We explored biomarkers suitable for monitoring sub-chronic kidney injury using the three rat models of cisplatin (CDDP)-induced kidney injury, which were designed to extend the current knowledge beyond the sub-acute exposure period. In the pilot study, a single intravenous administration of 1.5 mg kg(-1) CDDP to rats was confirmed to result in no histopathological changes. Subsequently, CDDP was intravenously administered to rats at a dose of 1.5 mg kg(-1) for 4 days at 24-h intervals (Experimental model 1) and for up to 10 weeks at weekly intervals (Experimental models 2 and 3), and the changes in blood and urine components, such as recently recommended urinary biomarkers (Kim-1, clusterin and so on) and traditional blood biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine), were examined together with the histopathological changes in renal tissues during the development of the kidney injury in each model. In these experimental models, a significant increase in urinary Kim-1 was observed prior to the histopathological changes in renal tissues, and these changes were retained after the adverse histopathological changes. Significant changes in all of the other urinary biomarkers examined occurred along with the histopathological changes. In addition, the increase in urinary Kim-1 after weekly treatment with CDDP for 4 weeks was reduced in a time-dependent manner after cessation of the drug. The present findings indicate that urinary Kim-1 is the most useful biomarker for CDDP-induced rat sub-chronic kidney injury among the biomarkers examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Nan-Ya
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan; Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Comparison of the Mesoscale Discovery and Luminex multiplex platforms for measurement of urinary biomarkers in a cisplatin rat kidney injury model. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Brott DA, Adler SH, Arani R, Lovick SC, Pinches M, Furlong ST. Characterization of renal biomarkers for use in clinical trials: biomarker evaluation in healthy volunteers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:227-37. [PMID: 24611000 PMCID: PMC3928457 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s54956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several preclinical urinary biomarkers have been qualified and accepted by the health authorities (US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency) for detecting drug-induced kidney injury during preclinical toxicologic testing. Validated human assays for many of these biomarkers have become commercially available, and this study was designed to characterize some of the novel clinical renal biomarkers. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical renal biomarkers in a typical Phase I healthy volunteer population to determine confidence intervals (pilot reference intervals), intersubject and intrasubject variability, effects of food intake, effect of sex, and vendor assay comparisons. METHODS Spot urine samples from 20 male and 19 female healthy volunteers collected on multiple days were analyzed using single analyte and multiplex assays. The following analytes were measured: α-1-microglobulin, β-2-microglobulin, calbindin, clusterin, connective tissue growth factor, creatinine, cystatin C, glutathione S-transferase-α, kidney injury marker-1, microalbumin, N-acetyl-β-(D) glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, Tamm-Horsfall urinary glycoprotein, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, trefoil factor 3, and vascular endothelial growth factor. RESULTS Confidence intervals were determined from the single analyte and multiplex assays. Intersubject and intrasubject variability ranged from 38% to 299% and from 29% to 82% for biomarker concentration, and from 24% to 331% and from 10% to 67% for biomarker concentration normalized to creatinine, respectively. There was no major effect of food intake or sex. Single analyte and multiplex assays correlated with r (2)≥0.700 for five of six biomarkers when evaluating biomarker concentration, but for only two biomarkers when evaluating concentration normalized to creatinine. CONCLUSION Confidence intervals as well as intersubject and intrasubject variability were determined for novel clinical renal biomarkers/assays, which should be considered for evaluation in the next steps of the qualification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brott
- Translational Patient Safety and Enabling Sciences, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Scott H Adler
- Translational Patient Safety and Enabling Sciences, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Ramin Arani
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Mark Pinches
- Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Stephen T Furlong
- Translational Patient Safety and Enabling Sciences, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA
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Charlton JR, Portilla D, Okusa MD. A basic science view of acute kidney injury biomarkers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:1301-11. [PMID: 24385545 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the identification and validation of novel biomarkers as well as refinements in the use of serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function. These advances have taken advantage of laboratory investigations, which have identified these novel molecules that serve important biological functions in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). As we advance and validate these markers for clinical studies in AKI, we recognize that they serve not only to improve our understanding of AKI, but they could also serve as potential targets for the treatment of AKI. This review will underscore the biological basis of specific biomarkers that will contribute to the advancement in the treatment and outcomes of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Charlton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Didier Portilla
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Vlasakova K, Erdos Z, Troth SP, McNulty K, Chapeau-Campredon V, Mokrzycki N, Muniappa N, Gu YZ, Holder D, Bailey WJ, Sistare FD, Glaab WE. Evaluation of the Relative Performance of 12 Urinary Biomarkers for Renal Safety Across 22 Rat Sensitivity and Specificity Studies. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:3-20. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Blocking NMDA receptors delays death in rats with acute liver failure by dual protective mechanisms in kidney and brain. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:360-75. [PMID: 24338618 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) is unsatisfactory and mortality remains unacceptably high. Blocking NMDA receptors delays or prevents death of rats with ALF. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Clarifying these mechanisms will help to design more efficient treatments to increase patient's survival. The aim of this work was to shed light on the mechanisms by which blocking NMDA receptors delays rat's death in ALF. ALF was induced by galactosamine injection. NMDA receptors were blocked by continuous MK-801 administration. Edema and cerebral blood flow were assessed by magnetic resonance. The time course of ammonia levels in brain, muscle, blood, and urine; of glutamine, lactate, and water content in brain; of glomerular filtration rate and kidney damage; and of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and intracranial pressure was assessed. ALF reduces kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as reflected by reduced inulin clearance. GFR reduction is due to both reduced renal perfusion and kidney tubular damage as reflected by increased Kim-1 in urine and histological analysis. Blocking NMDA receptors delays kidney damage, allowing transient increased GFR and ammonia elimination which delays hyperammonemia and associated changes in brain. Blocking NMDA receptors does not prevent cerebral edema or blood-brain barrier permeability but reduces or prevents changes in cerebral blood flow and brain lactate. The data show that dual protective effects of MK-801 in kidney and brain delay cerebral alterations, HE, intracranial pressure increase and death. NMDA receptors antagonists may increase survival of patients with ALF by providing additional time for liver transplantation or regeneration.
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Burt D, Crowell SJ, Ackley DC, Magee TV, Aubrecht J. Application of emerging biomarkers of acute kidney injury in development of kidney-sparing polypeptide-based antibiotics. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:204-12. [PMID: 24128070 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.834360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide antibiotics, such as polymyxins and aminoglycosides, are essential for treatment of life-threatening Gram-negative infections. Acute kidney injury (AKI) attributed to treatment with these agents severely limits their clinical application. Because standard biomarkers (serum creatinine [sCRE] and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) feature limited sensitivity, the development of novel biomarkers of AKI is important. Here, we compared the performance of standard and emerging biomarkers of AKI for the detection of nephrotoxicity caused by polymyxin B across multiple species (rat, dog and monkey). Further, we applied a biomarker-driven strategy for selection of new kidney-sparing polymyxin analogs. Polymyxin B treatment produced dose-dependent kidney injury observed as proximal tubular degeneration/regeneration and necrosis across all species. Dogs and monkeys had similar biomarker profiles that included increases of both standard (sCRE and BUN) and emerging (urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated Lipocalin [NGAL] and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]) biomarkers of AKI. In contrast, only urinary NGAL and urinary KIM-1 were sufficiently capable of detecting kidney injury in rats. Because rats provide a feasible model for screening compounds in drug development, we utilized urinary NGAL as a sensitive biomarker of AKI to screen and rank order compounds in a 2-day toxicity study. To our knowledge, this study provides a first example of successfully applying biomarkers of AKI in drug development.
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Ghlissi Z, Hakim A, Mnif H, Ayadi FM, Zeghal K, Rebai T, Sahnoun Z. Evaluation of colistin nephrotoxicity administered at different doses in the rat model. Ren Fail 2013; 35:1130-5. [PMID: 23879363 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.815091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the usefulness of plasma Cystatin C (pCysC) along with urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase to monitor colistin nephrotoxicity. METHOD Male rats were given intramuscular (i.m.) injections of colistin in doses of 150,000 (G1), 300,000 (G2) and 450,000 IU/kg/day (G3) or normal saline (Control), every 12 h for 7 days. After the 14th injection, animals were placed in metabolic cages and urine samples were collected in the next 12 h. Thereafter, animals were euthanized, blood samples were collected and kidneys were removed for histological assessment. RESULTS Nephrotoxicity was completely dose-dependent according to pathologic findings. The major insults were acute tubular necrosis in the tubules of G3. No significant change in pCr was observed in all treated groups, but pCysC increased in the G3 compared to the control. In urinary markers, uNGAL level showed a dose dependant increase with significant change in the G2 and G3 groups compared to the control. However, there was no significant change in the AST, ALT, LDH or ALP activities but only GGT increased in the G3 compared to the control. CONCLUSION Based on colistin doses used in our experimental study on rat model, histopathologic assessment remains the most accurate way to diagnose colistin nephrotoxicity. pCysC appears to be more reliable than pCr, and uNGAL seems to be the most sensitive factor of colistin nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ghlissi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
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van Swelm RP, Laarakkers CM, Pertijs JC, Verweij V, Masereeuw R, Russel FG. Urinary proteomic profiling reveals diclofenac-induced renal injury and hepatic regeneration in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bioengineered 3D human kidney tissue, a platform for the determination of nephrotoxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59219. [PMID: 23516613 PMCID: PMC3597621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The staggering cost of bringing a drug to market coupled with the extremely high failure rate of prospective compounds in early phase clinical trials due to unexpected human toxicity makes it imperative that more relevant human models be developed to better predict drug toxicity. Drug–induced nephrotoxicity remains especially difficult to predict in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and is often undetected until patient hospitalization. Current pre-clinical methods of determining renal toxicity include 2D cell cultures and animal models, both of which are incapable of fully recapitulating the in vivo human response to drugs, contributing to the high failure rate upon clinical trials. We have bioengineered a 3D kidney tissue model using immortalized human renal cortical epithelial cells with kidney functions similar to that found in vivo. These 3D tissues were compared to 2D cells in terms of both acute (3 days) and chronic (2 weeks) toxicity induced by Cisplatin, Gentamicin, and Doxorubicin using both traditional LDH secretion and the pre-clinical biomarkers Kim-1 and NGAL as assessments of toxicity. The 3D tissues were more sensitive to drug-induced toxicity and, unlike the 2D cells, were capable of being used to monitor chronic toxicity due to repeat dosing. The inclusion of this tissue model in drug testing prior to the initiation of phase I clinical trials would allow for better prediction of the nephrotoxic effects of new drugs.
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Li Z, Liu X, Liu S, Gu C, Tian F, Wen J. Urinary heme oxygenase-1 in children with congenital hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Biomarkers 2012; 17:471-6. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.689009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Patel NSA, Kerr-Peterson HL, Brines M, Collino M, Rogazzo M, Fantozzi R, Wood EG, Johnson FL, Yaqoob MM, Cerami A, Thiemermann C. Delayed administration of pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP), a novel nonerythropoietic analog of erythropoietin, attenuates acute kidney injury. Mol Med 2012; 18:719-27. [PMID: 22415011 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, erythropoietin (EPO) reduces ischemia-reperfusion-associated tissue injury (for example, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, hemorrhagic shock and liver ischemia). It has been proposed that the erythropoietic effects of EPO are mediated by the classic EPO receptor homodimer, whereas the tissue-protective effects are mediated by a hetero-complex between the EPO receptor monomer and the β-common receptor (termed "tissue-protective receptor"). Here, we investigate the effects of a novel, selective-ligand of the tissue-protective receptor (pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide [pHBSP]) in a rodent model of acute kidney injury/dysfunction. Administration of pHBSP (10 μg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.] 6 h into reperfusion) or EPO (1,000 IU/kg i.p. 4 h into reperfusion) to rats subjected to 30 min ischemia and 48 h reperfusion resulted in significant attenuation of renal and tubular dysfunction. Both pHBSP and EPO enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt (activation) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (inhibition) in the rat kidney after ischemia-reperfusion, resulting in prevention of the activation of nuclear factor-κB (reduction in nuclear translocation of p65). Interestingly, the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was enhanced by EPO and, to a much lesser extent, by pHBSP, suggesting that the signaling pathways activated by EPO and pHBSP may not be identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesh S A Patel
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK.
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Gueguen Y, Rouas C, Leblond FA. [Kidney injury biomarkers]. Nephrol Ther 2012; 8:146-55. [PMID: 22475789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, prevalence of renal diseases has grown continuously in occidental societies due to life conditions (age, life style, chronic disease, etc.) or potential exposure to nephrotoxic agents (drugs and environmental chemicals). Today, the knowledge of the nephropatology mechanism is improving. Nevertheless, considering it is a complex and multifunctional structure, the clinical strategy of this issue (prognostic, diagnostic or therapy) keeps posing a major challenge for clinicians mostly because classical markers are not sensitive enough and require hours before reaching significant levels. Furthermore, most of these markers provide information on function and not on structural integrity of the tissue. Identification and development of new biomarkers share promise of improvement in the rapid diagnostic of kidney diseases and development of new cures in order to optimize the clinical strategy associated to the renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gueguen
- PRP-HOM, SRBE, laboratoire de radiotoxicologie expérimentale (LRTOX), Institut de radioprotection et de sureté nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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