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Song B, Raza M, Zhang LJ, Xu BQ, Zhang P, Zhu XF. A new brown rot disease of plum caused by Mucor xinjiangensis sp. nov. and screening of its chemical control. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1458456. [PMID: 39318429 PMCID: PMC11419995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel species of Mucor was identified as the causal agent of a brown rot of Prunus domestica (European plum), widely grown in the south of Xinjiang, China. This disease first appears as red spots after the onset of the fruits. With favorable environmental conditions, fruit with infected spots turn brown, sag, expand, wrinkle, and harden, resulting in fruit falling. Fungal species were isolated from infected fruits. A phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene regions strongly supported that these isolates made a distinct evolutionary lineage in Mucor (Mucoromycetes, Mucoraceae) that represents a new taxonomic species, herein named as Mucor xinjiangensis. Microscopic characters confirmed that these strains were morphologically distinct from known Mucor species. The pathogenicity of M. xinjiangensis was confirmed by attaching an agar disk containing mycelium on fruits and re-isolation of the pathogen from symptomatic tissues. Later, fourteen fungicides were selected to determine the inhibitory effect on the pathogen. Further, results showed that difenoconazole had the best effect on the pathogen and the strongest toxicity with the smallest half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value, followed by a compound fungicide composed of difenoconazole with azoxystrobin, mancozeb, prochloraz with iprodione, pyraclostrobin with tebuconazole, and trifloxystrobin with tebuconazole and ethhylicin. Present study provides the basis for the prevention and control of the novel plum disease and its pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regio, Urumqi, China
| | - Mubashar Raza
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regio, Urumqi, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Bing-Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regio, Urumqi, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regio, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regio, Urumqi, China
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Liu XF, Karunarathna SC, Tibpromma S, Chethana KWT, Hyde KD, Elgorban AM, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Mortimer PE, Hughes AC. Understanding the role of bats as fungal vectors in the environment. IMA Fungus 2024; 15:28. [PMID: 39232794 PMCID: PMC11373111 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-024-00161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bats (Chiroptera), the second largest group of mammals, are known for their unique immune system and their ability to act as vectors for various zoonoses. Bats also act as important carriers of fungi, which include plant, animal, and human pathogens. Their roosting areas, foraging behaviors, and even migration routes make bats ideal vectors for fungi. We isolated 75 culturable fungal species from bats in Yunnan Province, China, with 36 species representing known pathogens of plants, animals, and humans, while 39 species are non-pathogenic fungi. Among these species, 77% (58 species) belonged to Ascomycota, 9% (seven species) belonged to Basidiomycota, and 13% (10 species) belonged to Mucoromycota. Even though several taxonomic studies on fungi associated with bats have been published, studies exploring the role of bats as fungal vectors are lacking. This study discusses the fungi host-specific traits and pathogenicity and the impact and ecological significance of bats as fungal vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fu Liu
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Samantha Chandranath Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- National Institute Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - K W Thilini Chethana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Peter E Mortimer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa.
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Conlan S, Subramanian P, Plata Barril B, Youn JH, Thomas PJ, Koren S, Dotson GA, Park M, Rhie A, Segre JA, Dekker JP, Zelazny AM. Whole-genome sequence of Mucor velutinosus NIH1002, a strain associated with disseminated disease. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0006224. [PMID: 38899875 PMCID: PMC11256851 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00062-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The draft genome of Mucor velutinosus NIH1002, a 2011 isolate from a case of disseminated disease, was sequenced using PacBio long-read and HiSeq short-read technologies. The genome has 43 contigs, an N50 of 2.65 Mb, and 13,295 protein-coding genes. It is the most complete M. velutinosus genome to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Conlan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Poorani Subramanian
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jung-Ho Youn
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela J. Thomas
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NHGRI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergey Koren
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Morgan Park
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NHGRI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Arang Rhie
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie A. Segre
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John P. Dekker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian M. Zelazny
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Putnam NE, Tayabali K, Yu JR, Decolin I, Lau AF, Twaddell W, Prakash K, Johnson JK. The Brief Case: Yeast, chlamydospores, and hyphae-a case of disseminated mucormycosis. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0163823. [PMID: 38864632 PMCID: PMC11237672 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01638-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Putnam
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Khadija Tayabali
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justine R Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabel Decolin
- Sterility Testing Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna F Lau
- Sterility Testing Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William Twaddell
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katya Prakash
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Kristie Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Thornton CR, Davies GE, Dougherty L. Development of a monoclonal antibody and a lateral-flow device for the rapid detection of a Mucorales-specific biomarker. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1305662. [PMID: 38145040 PMCID: PMC10739493 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoromycosis is a highly aggressive angio-invasive disease of humans caused by fungi in the zygomycete order, Mucorales. While Rhizopus arrhizus is the principal agent of mucoromycosis, other Mucorales fungi including Apophysomyces, Cunninghamella, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizomucor and Syncephalastrum are able to cause life-threatening rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, gastro-intestinal and necrotising cutaneous infections in humans. Diagnosis of the disease currently relies on non-specific CT, lengthy and insensitive culture from invasive biopsy, and time-consuming histopathology of tissue samples. At present, there are no rapid antigen tests that detect Mucorales-specific biomarkers of infection, and which allow point-of-care diagnosis of mucoromycosis. Here, we report the development of an IgG2b monoclonal antibody (mAb), TG11, which binds to extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) antigens of between 20 kDa and 250 kDa secreted during hyphal growth of Mucorales fungi. The mAb is Mucorales-specific and does not cross-react with other yeasts and molds of clinical importance including Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Lomentospora and Scedosporium species. Using the mAb, we have developed a Competitive lateral-flow device that allows rapid (30 min) detection of the EPS biomarker in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), with a limit of detection (LOD) in human serum of ~100 ng/mL serum (~224.7 pmol/L serum). The LFD therefore provides a potential novel opportunity for detection of mucoromycosis caused by different Mucorales species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Thornton
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- ISCA Diagnostics Ltd., Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Genna E. Davies
- ISCA Diagnostics Ltd., Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Dougherty
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Gajanayake AJ, Karunarathna SC, Jayawardena RS, Luangharn T, Balasuriya A. Fungicolous Mucor on mushrooms: One novel species and six host records from southwest China and northern Thailand. Mycologia 2023; 115:674-692. [PMID: 37409884 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2220166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucor species are a group of common soil-borne fungi, known to cause infections on humans and animals, interfere in food production, and act as useful agents in biotechnological applications. This study reports one new Mucor species, M. yunnanensis, which was found to be fungicolous on an Armillaria sp. from southwest China. Further, M. circinelloides on Phlebopus sp., M. hiemalis on Ramaria sp. and Boletus sp., M. irregularis on Pleurotus sp., M. nederlandicus on Russula sp., and M. yunnanensis on Boletus sp. are reported as new host records. Mucor yunnanensis and M. hiemalis have been collected from Yunnan Province in China, whereas M. circinelloides, M. irregularis, and M. nederlandicus have been collected from Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai Provinces in Thailand. All the Mucor taxa reported herein were identified based on both morphology and phylogenetic analyses of a combined nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequence matrix. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree are provided for all the taxa reported in the study to show the placements of taxa, and the new taxon is compared with its sister taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala J Gajanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Samantha C Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruvishika S Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Thatsanee Luangharn
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Abhaya Balasuriya
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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7
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Pham D, Howard-Jones AR, Sparks R, Stefani M, Sivalingam V, Halliday CL, Beardsley J, Chen SCA. Epidemiology, Modern Diagnostics, and the Management of Mucorales Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:659. [PMID: 37367595 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an uncommon, yet deadly invasive fungal infection caused by the Mucorales moulds. These pathogens are a WHO-assigned high-priority pathogen group, as mucormycosis incidence is increasing, and there is unacceptably high mortality with current antifungal therapies. Current diagnostic methods have inadequate sensitivity and specificity and may have issues with accessibility or turnaround time. Patients with diabetes mellitus and immune compromise are predisposed to infection with these environmental fungi, but COVID-19 has established itself as a new risk factor. Mucorales also cause healthcare-associated outbreaks, and clusters associated with natural disasters have also been identified. Robust epidemiological surveillance into burden of disease, at-risk populations, and emerging pathogens is required. Emerging serological and molecular techniques may offer a faster route to diagnosis, while newly developed antifungal agents show promise in preliminary studies. Equitable access to these emerging diagnostic techniques and antifungal therapies will be key in identifying and treating mucormycosis, as delayed initiation of therapy is associated with higher mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pham
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Annaleise R Howard-Jones
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sparks
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Maurizio Stefani
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Varsha Sivalingam
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Catriona L Halliday
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sharon C-A Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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8
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Hu Y, Wu W. Application of Membrane Filtration to Cold Sterilization of Drinks and Establishment of Aseptic Workshop. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:89-106. [PMID: 36933166 PMCID: PMC10024305 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aseptic packaging of high quality beverage is necessary and its cold-pasteurization or sterilization is vital. Studies on application of ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane to cold- pasteurization or sterilization for the aseptic packaging of beverages have been reviewed. Designing and manufacturing ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane systems for cold-pasteurization or sterilization of beverage are based on the understanding of size of microorganisms and theoretical achievement of filtration. It is concluded that adaptability of membrane filtration, especially its combination with other safe cold method, to cold- pasteurization and sterilization for the aseptic packaging of beverages should be assured without a shadow of doubt in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tian Shengqiao, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Wu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tian Shengqiao, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Grains, Oils and Foods Engineering Design, Industrial Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tian Shengqiao, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Liu CY, Liu YL. First Report of Mucor irregularis Causing Flower Rot on Selenicereus undatus in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2520. [PMID: 36726005 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0117-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R.Hunt is a famous tropical fruit (Korotkova et al. 2017). In May 2021, a flower rot disease was found on Dragon fruit in a field (21˚19'42''N, 110˚28'32''E), Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The incidence rate was approximately 30% (n=500 investigated plants from about 30 hectares). Flower rot was evident, and was light brown, watery, soft, and covered with white mycelia. The pathogen could continue to infect the fruit during the fruit ripening stage with about 20% rot rate. Ten samples of symptomatic flowers were collected in the field. Margins of the diseased tissue were cut into 2 mm × 2 mm pieces. The surfaces were disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 60 s. Pure cultures were obtained by transferring hyphal tips to new PDA plates. Three representative isolates (HUM-1,HUM-2, and HUM-3) by single-spore isolation were randomly selected for further study. Colonies on PDA were circular with massive aerial hyphae, white to ochraceous in color. Nonseptate hyphae were hyaline. Sporangiophores arose from hyphae. Sporangiospores were hyaline, smooth-walled, mostly subspherical to ellipsoidal, and measured 3.15 to 6.55 µm × 1.35 to 2.85 µm (n =50). Morphological characteristics of isolates were consistent with the description of Mucor irregularis (Lima et al. 2018). Molecular identification was done using the colony PCR method with MightyAmp DNA Polymerase (Takara-Bio, Dalian, China) (Lu et al. 2012) used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU) with ITS1/ITS4 and LR0R1/LR5 (Vilgalys et al. 1990). The amplicons were sequenced and the sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ITS, OL376751-OL376753, and LSU, OM672239-OM672241. BLAST analysis of these sequences revealed a 100% identity with M. irregularis in GenBank. The sequences were also concatenated for phylogenetic analysis by the maximum likelihood method. The isolates clustered with M. irregularis (the type strain CBS 103.93).The pathogenicity was tested through in vivo experiments. Nine healthy flowers of Dragon fruit were inoculated with 3-day-old mycelial plugs (5 × 5 mm) of isolates, while another five healthy flowers were treated with PDA plugs (controls). Those plugs were embedded inside the calyxes, and each flower was inoculated with one plug in one calyx. Besides, the inoculated and control flowers (n = 5) were sprayed with a spore suspension (1 × 105 per mL) of the three isolates individually and sterile distilled water, respectively, until run-off (Feng and Li. 2019). The plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse at 28°C, with relative humility approximately 80%. The test was repeated three times. After 3 days of incubation, rot symptoms developed on the inoculated flowers, which were similar to those observed on the naturally samples in the field. The control flowers remained healthy. The fungus was reisolated from the inoculated flowers and confirmed as M. irregularis by morphology and ITS analysis. M. irregularis was reported as a pathogen causing human skin diseases and post-harvest diseases of crop (Álvarez et al. 2011; Lima et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2022). This is the first report of M. irregularis causing flower rot of Dragon fruit and reduce yield in China. This research can provide a theoretical basis for the fruit industry to maintain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Li
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Chao Yu Liu
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Yue Lian Liu
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, Mazhang District Huguangyan East Road 1, Zhanjiang, China, 524088;
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10
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Kidd SE, Abdolrasouli A, Hagen F. Fungal Nomenclature: Managing Change is the Name of the Game. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofac559. [PMID: 36632423 PMCID: PMC9825814 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal species have undergone and continue to undergo significant nomenclatural change, primarily due to the abandonment of dual species nomenclature in 2013 and the widespread application of molecular technologies in taxonomy allowing correction of past classification errors. These have effected numerous name changes concerning medically important species, but by far the group causing most concern are the Candida yeasts. Among common species, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida rugosa have been changed to Pichia kudriavzevii, Nakaseomyces glabrata, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Clavispora lusitaniae, and Diutina rugosa, respectively. There are currently no guidelines for microbiology laboratories on implementing changes, and there is ongoing concern that clinicians will dismiss or misinterpret laboratory reports using unfamiliar species names. Here, we have outlined the rationale for name changes across the major groups of clinically important fungi and have provided practical recommendations for managing change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kidd
- Correspondence: Sarah E. Kidd, BMedSc(Hons), PhD , National Mycology Reference Centre, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia ()
| | - Alireza Abdolrasouli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom,Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Fragoso de Souza CA, Lima DX, Pae da Costa D, Lima da Cunha GC, Valente de Medeiros É, Azevedo de Santiago ALCM. Mucor septatiphorus nom. nov. and other Mucor species recorded from the Brazilian upland forest. MYCOTAXON 2022. [DOI: 10.5248/137.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
During a survey of mucoralean diversity in three different fragments of upland forest located in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, 14 species of Mucor were recorded; twelve of them reported for the first time from upland forest areas. We propose a replacement
name for Mucor septatus nom. illeg. and present detailed descriptions and illustrations of the specimens isolated.
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Boonmee S, Wanasinghe DN, Calabon MS, Huanraluek N, Chandrasiri SKU, Jones GEB, Rossi W, Leonardi M, Singh SK, Rana S, Singh PN, Maurya DK, Lagashetti AC, Choudhary D, Dai YC, Zhao CL, Mu YH, Yuan HS, He SH, Phookamsak R, Jiang HB, Martín MP, Dueñas M, Telleria MT, Kałucka IL, Jagodziński AM, Liimatainen K, Pereira DS, Phillips AJL, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Khuna S, Lumyong S, Potter TB, Shivas RG, Sparks AH, Vaghefi N, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Li GJ, Lin WF, Singh U, Bhatt RP, Lee HB, Nguyen TTT, Kirk PM, Dutta AK, Acharya K, Sarma VV, Niranjan M, Rajeshkumar KC, Ashtekar N, Lad S, Wijayawardene NN, Bhat DJ, Xu RJ, Wijesinghe SN, Shen HW, Luo ZL, Zhang JY, Sysouphanthong P, Thongklang N, Bao DF, Aluthmuhandiram JVS, Abdollahzadeh J, Javadi A, Dovana F, Usman M, Khalid AN, Dissanayake AJ, Telagathoti A, Probst M, Peintner U, Garrido-Benavent I, Bóna L, Merényi Z, Boros L, Zoltán B, Stielow JB, Jiang N, Tian CM, Shams E, Dehghanizadeh F, Pordel A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Denchev TT, Denchev CM, Kemler M, Begerow D, Deng CY, Harrower E, Bozorov T, Kholmuradova T, Gafforov Y, Abdurazakov A, Xu JC, Mortimer PE, Ren GC, Jeewon R, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Phukhamsakda C, Mapook A, Hyde KD. Fungal diversity notes 1387-1511: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021; 111:1-335. [PMID: 34899100 PMCID: PMC8648402 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercoflocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efibula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufia longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fici, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa flavovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidis-vitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufia chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, Kunming, 654400 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark S. Calabon
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Naruemon Huanraluek
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Sajini K. U. Chandrasiri
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Gareth E. B. Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Walter Rossi
- Section Environmental Sciences, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Section Environmental Sciences, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Shiwali Rana
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Paras N. Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Deepak K. Maurya
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Ajay C. Lagashetti
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Deepika Choudhary
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Yu-Cheng Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lin Zhao
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Sheng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Hui He
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rungtiwa Phookamsak
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, Kunming, 654400 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - María P. Martín
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Dueñas
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Telleria
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Izabela L. Kałucka
- Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Kare Liimatainen
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS Surrey UK
| | - Diana S. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Surapong Khuna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, 10300 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tarynn B. Potter
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
| | - Roger G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Adam H. Sparks
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Bentley Delivery Centre, Locked Bag 4, Bentley, WA 6983 Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524 Egypt
| | - Faten A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524 Egypt
| | - Guo-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, No 2596 South Lekai Rd, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Wen-Fei Lin
- Institute of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Upendra Singh
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Uttarakhand 246174 Srinagar, Garhwal, India
| | - Rajendra P. Bhatt
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Uttarakhand 246174 Srinagar, Garhwal, India
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Thuong T. T. Nguyen
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Paul M. Kirk
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS Surrey UK
| | - Arun Kumar Dutta
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, North-24-Parganas, Barasat, West Bengal PIN- 700126 India
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - V. Venkateswara Sarma
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - M. Niranjan
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014 India
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh 791112 India
| | - Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Nikhil Ashtekar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Sneha Lad
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Darbe J. Bhat
- Azad Housing Society, No. 128/1-J, Goa Velha, Curca, Goa India
| | - Rong-Ju Xu
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Subodini N. Wijesinghe
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Hong-Wei Shen
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Phongeun Sysouphanthong
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O. Box: 811, Vientiane Capital, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dan-Feng Bao
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management On Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jafar Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Javadi
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 1454, 19395 Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir Khalid
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Asha J. Dissanayake
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anusha Telagathoti
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maraike Probst
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isaac Garrido-Benavent
- Department of Botany and Geology (Fac. CC. Biológicas) & Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biologia Evolutiva (ICBIBE), Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Lilla Bóna
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Zsolt Merényi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | | | - Bratek Zoltán
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - J. Benjamin Stielow
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Thermo Fisher Diagnostics, Specialty Diagnostics Group, Landsmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Esmaeil Shams
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghanizadeh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Adel Pordel
- Plant Protection Research Department, Baluchestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Teodor T. Denchev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Cvetomir M. Denchev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Kemler
- Evolution der Pflanzen und Pilze, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, ND 03, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Begerow
- Evolution der Pflanzen und Pilze, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, ND 03, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Chun-Ying Deng
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Shanxi Road No. 1, Yunyan district, 550001 Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Tohir Bozorov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Yukori-Yuz, Kubray Ds, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 111226
| | - Tutigul Kholmuradova
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125
| | - Aziz Abdurazakov
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Andijan State University, 12 University Street, Andijan, Uzbekistan 170100
| | - Jian-Chu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, Kunming, 654400 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Cong Ren
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chayanard Phukhamsakda
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Ausana Mapook
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510225 People’s Republic of China
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Wang T, Sun C, Zhu P. First Report of Mucor irregularis Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot on Garcinia mangostana in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 106:766. [PMID: 34472967 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1431-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is an evergreen fruit tree grown in Southeast Asia. The fruit of Mangosteen is dark purple spherical with a diameter of 5 to 8 centimeter, a hard rind and white flesh. The seeds and pericarps of the fruit have long been utilized as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia (Ovalle-Magallanes et al. 2017). Surveys were conducted during the months from March to April 2019 of fruit markets located in Wujing Town, Shanghai (31°02'33″ N, 121°28'04″ E), one noteworthy postharvest disease was observed. Overall 116 fruit samples were collected from 5 different supermarkets, 10.3% (12) of the fruits were found infected with the same symptoms during cold storage. The infected fruits were subjected to pathogen isolation and characterization. The junction areas between diseased and healthy tissues were cut into small pieces of diameter 5 mm, which were surface sterilized with 0.5% NaClO solution for 3 min, followed by rinsing in sterile water thrice, and then the tissues were placed on sterilized potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates supplemented with 50 μg/ml streptomycin. The colony edges of resulted fungal cultures were cut and removed to new PDA plates for purification after 2 days incubation at 28°C. After 3 rounds of subculture, a total of 19 purified isolates were obtained and these isolates showed similar phenotypes in morphological characters. The fungal colonies were fast growing (25 mm per day at 28°C on PDA plates) and were circular shaped with massive aerial hyphae, white to ochraceous color. Non-septate hyphae were hyaline and the septa were found only at the branching points. Sporangiophores arose from hyphae or from stolons. Sporangiospores were hyaline, smooth-walled, mostly subspherical to ellipsoidal, and measured 1.34 to 2.73 µm (width) and 3.12 to 6.19 µm (length) (1.98 ± 0.36×4.46 ± 0.69, n=100)(Alvarez et al. 2011). Three independent isolates (GM-07, GM-16, GM-19) were selected used for further genetic analysis and pathogenicity test. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the D1/D2 region of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU) were amplified by primers ITS1/ITS4 and primers NL1/LR3, respectively (Walther et al. 2013). BLASTn analyses of ITS (MN081612, MN081613, MN087659) and LUS (MN080423, MN080422, MN080432) sequences exhibited 99 to 100% identify to Mucor irregularis strains HZ640, extr25 and CBS977.68 (Accession numbers KC461926, MH510278 of ITS and JX976214 of LUS). These observed morphological features and molecular identification indicated that the pathogen possessed identical characteristics as Mucor irregularis Stchigel, Cano, Guarro & Ed. Alvarez (Alvarez et al. 2011). To conduct a pathogenicity test (Al-Sadi et al. 2014), 20 µl of spore suspension (106 spores ml-1) were inoculated into five healthy mangosteen fruits by sterile syringes, meanwhile another five healthy fruits were injected with sterilized water as controls. All inoculated fruits were kept in sealed plastic boxes at 28°C with a 12L/12D illumination cycle and 90% relative humidity. After about 3 to 7 days, the inoculated materials showed similar symptoms to those on the original diseased fruits, while control samples remained symptomless. M. irregularis was successfully re-isolated from symptomatic fruits, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Only three plant species that can be infected by M. irregularis have been reported so far, including key lime from Oman (Al-Sadi et al. 2014), corn from China (Peng et al. 2015), and sorghum from Brazil (Lima et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. irregularis causing the postharvest rot on mangosteen fruit in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- Nanyang Normal University, 71072, Nanyang, China
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;
| | - Chenxu Sun
- Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, China
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;
| | - Pinkuan Zhu
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China;
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Badali H, Cañete-Gibas C, McCarthy D, Patterson H, Sanders C, David MP, Mele J, Fan H, Wiederhold NP. Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Mucoralean Fungi in Clinical Samples from the United States. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0123021. [PMID: 34232068 PMCID: PMC8373021 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01230-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of mucormycosis has increased in recent years owing to higher numbers of individuals at risk for these infections. The diagnosis and treatment of this aggressive fungal infection are of clinical concern due to differences in species distribution in different geographic areas and susceptibility profiles between different species that are capable of causing highly aggressive infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and susceptibility profiles of Mucorales isolates in the United States over a 52-month period. Species identification was performed by combined phenotypic characteristics and DNA sequence analysis, and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by CLSI M38 broth microdilution for amphotericin B, isavuconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. During this time frame, 854 isolates were included, representing 11 different genera and over 26 species, of which Rhizopus (58.6%) was the predominant genus, followed by Mucor (19.6%). The majority of isolates were cultured from the upper and lower respiratory tracts (55%). Amphotericin B demonstrated the most potent in vitro activity, with geometric mean (GM) MICs of ≤0.25 μg/ml against all genera with the exception of Cunninghamella species (GM MIC of 1.30 μg/ml). In head-to-head comparisons, the most active azole was posaconazole, followed by isavuconazole. Differences in azole and amphotericin B susceptibility patterns were observed between the genera with the greatest variability observed with isavuconazole. Awareness of the epidemiology of Mucorales isolates and differences in antifungal susceptibility patterns in the United States may aide clinicians in choosing antifungal treatment regimens. Further studies are warranted to correlate these findings with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Badali
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Connie Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dora McCarthy
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hoja Patterson
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carmita Sanders
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Marjorie P. David
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - James Mele
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hongxin Fan
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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15
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Vacuum-Assisted Closure and Skin Grafting Combined with Amphotericin B for Successful Treatment of an Immunocompromised Patient with Cutaneous Mucormycosis Caused by Mucor irregularis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:449-459. [PMID: 34131870 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (M. irregularis) is a rare condition that typically occurs in immunocompetent patients. Herein, we describe an immunocompromised patient with cutaneous M. irregularis infection who was successfully treated with debridement combined with vacuum assisted closure (VAC) negative pressure technique and split-thickness skin grafting. We present this case owing to its complexity and rarity and the successful treatment with surgical therapy. A 58-year-old man presented to our hospital with a history of skin ulcers and eschar on the right lower leg since two months. He had been receiving methylprednisolone therapy for bullous pemphigoid that occurred five months prior to the present lesions. Histopathological examination of a right leg lesion showed broad, branching hyphae in the dermis. Fungal culture and subsequent molecular cytogenetic analysis identified the pathogen as M. irregularis. After admission, methylprednisolone was gradually tapered and systemic treatment with amphotericin B (total dose 615 mg) initiated along with others supportive therapies. However, the ulcers showed no improvement, and amphotericin B had to be discontinued owing to development of renal dysfunction. After extensive surgical debridement combined with VAC and skin grafting, his skin ulcers were healed; subsequent fungal cultures of the lesions were negative. The patient exhibited no signs of recurrence at 36-month follow-up. Twenty-six cases with M. irregularis-associated cutaneous mucormycosis in literature were reviewed.
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Mucor rongii sp. nov., a New Cold-Tolerant Species from China. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2464-2469. [PMID: 33914109 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two strains of a new mucoralean fungus (M1 and R1) were harvested from the moist walls of Sufu workshop in Liaocheng city, Shandong province, China. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) rDNA region D1/D2 domain-based phylogenetic analysis, along with phenotypic characteristics, revealed that the strains belonged to a new genus in the Mucor category. This new category belongs to Mucor flavus complex. However, unlike M. flavus CBS 234.25 (the type species of the complex), the novel species could grow well at 25 °C and not grow at 28 °C. Moreover, the ITS rDNA sequence similarity of the two species was only 96%. Here, we present the new category Mucor rongii sp. nov. Its holotype is HMAS 248,091, the ex-type culture is M1T (= CICC 41725T), and the other culture examined was R1 (= CICC 41,726).
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Lockhart SR, Bialek R, Kibbler CC, Cuenca-Estrella M, Jensen HE, Kontoyiannis DP. Molecular Techniques for Genus and Species Determination of Fungi From Fresh and Paraffin-Embedded Formalin-Fixed Tissue in the Revised EORTC/MSGERC Definitions of Invasive Fungal Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:S109-S113. [PMID: 33709128 PMCID: PMC7952508 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The EORTC/MSGERC have revised the definitions for proven, probable, and possible fungal diseases. The tissue diagnosis subcommittee was tasked with determining how and when species can be determined from tissue in the absence of culture. The subcommittee reached a consensus decision that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from tissue, but not immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization, can be used for genus or species determination under the new EORTC/MSGERC guidelines, but only when fungal elements are identified by histology. Fungal elements seen in tissue samples by histopathology and identified by PCR followed by sequencing should fulfill the definition of a proven fungal infection, identified to genus/species, even in the absence of culture. This summary discusses the issues that were deliberated by the subcommittee to reach the consensus decision and outlines the criteria a laboratory should follow in order to produce data that meet the EORTC/MSGERC definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ralf Bialek
- LADR GmbH MVZ Dr. Kramer und Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Cuenca-Estrella
- Laboratorio de referencia e investigación en Micología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sulaiman IM, Jacobs E, Simpson S. Application of Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1, Internal Transcribed Spacer 2, and Large-Subunit D1-D2 Regions as the Genetic Markers to Identify Fungi Isolated from Different Environmental Samples: A Molecular Surveillance Study of Public Health Importance. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:843-850. [PMID: 33241369 DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In September 2012, a multistate fungal meningitis outbreak started across 20 states in the United States. It affected 753 individuals and caused 64 deaths who received contaminated spinal injections. In a previous study, we analyzed 26 environmental samples collected from the manufacturing premises of a compounding company to determine the possible cause of an outbreak and identified 14 distinct fungal species. OBJECTIVES In this follow-up study, we have analyzed 198 environmental samples collected from three additional compounding company premises located in the United States for the presence of pathogenic fungi. METHODS Environmental swab samples were initially examined by standard microbiological methods. Subsequently, DNA sequencing was performed on all of the 25 recovered fungal isolates at the D1-D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. RESULTS Sequence analysis of the ITS1, ITS2, and LSU rRNA regions confirmed the presence of the following fungal species in the environmental samples analyzed: (i) Pestalotiopsis cocculi from the region Ia; (ii) Epicoccum nigrum and Trichaptum biforme from the region Ib; (iii) Nigrospora sphaerica and Fusarium sp. from the region II; and (iv) Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Preussia sp. from the region III. Species identification of 25 recovered fungal isolates matched, in most cases, at 3 sequenced loci (ITS1, ITS2, and LSU). HIGHLIGHTS DNA sequencing of ITS1, ITS2, and LSU D1-D2 regions can be used to perform fungal typing and in implementing effective environmental monitoring programs of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad M Sulaiman
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 60, Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Emily Jacobs
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 60, Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Steven Simpson
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 60, Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
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Novel Mucoralean Fungus From a Repugnant Substrate: Mucor merdophylus sp. nov., Isolated From Dog Excrement. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2642-2649. [PMID: 32444909 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The repeated observation of dog dung covered by abundant white cottony mycelium in a private garden in the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) prompted an investigation to clarify the identity of the fungus involved. Three different species of mucoralean fungi (together with some ascomycete asexual morphs) were present. Two were identified as belonging to Mycotypha sp. and Thamnostylum sp., and the third belonged to Mucor sp. This publication deals with the full taxonomic elucidation of the latter. Based on morphological, physiological, and molecular data (ITS and LSU rDNA regions), it was recognized that this Mucor differed from all other species. It produces strongly sympodially circinate branched sporangiophores (some with up to four septa) with numerous swellings resembling abortive sporangia. It also has cylindrical, obovoid, pyriform, or ovoid columellae and its sporangiospores are mostly ellipsoid, although some are subglobose and others are irregular. Based on the evidence of the analyzed datasets, the new species Mucor merdophylus is hereby proposed.
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20
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Lebreton A, Corre E, Jany JL, Brillet-Guéguen L, Pèrez-Arques C, Garre V, Monsoor M, Debuchy R, Le Meur C, Coton E, Barbier G, Meslet-Cladière L. Comparative genomics applied to Mucor species with different lifestyles. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:135. [PMID: 32039703 PMCID: PMC7011435 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a growing number of investigations on early diverging fungi, the corresponding lineages have not been as extensively characterized as Ascomycota or Basidiomycota ones. The Mucor genus, pertaining to one of these lineages is not an exception. To this date, a restricted number of Mucor annotated genomes is publicly available and mainly correspond to the reference species, Mucor circinelloides, and to medically relevant species. However, the Mucor genus is composed of a large number of ubiquitous species as well as few species that have been reported to specifically occur in certain habitats. The present study aimed to expand the range of Mucor genomes available and identify potential genomic imprints of adaptation to different environments and lifestyles in the Mucor genus. RESULTS In this study, we report four newly sequenced genomes of Mucor isolates collected from non-clinical environments pertaining to species with contrasted lifestyles, namely Mucor fuscus and Mucor lanceolatus, two species used in cheese production (during ripening), Mucor racemosus, a recurrent cheese spoiler sometimes described as an opportunistic animal and human pathogen, and Mucor endophyticus, a plant endophyte. Comparison of these new genomes with those previously available for six Mucor and two Rhizopus (formerly identified as M. racemosus) isolates allowed global structural and functional description such as their TE content, core and species-specific genes and specialized genes. We proposed gene candidates involved in iron metabolism; some of these genes being known to be involved in pathogenicity; and described patterns such as a reduced number of CAZymes in the species used for cheese ripening as well as in the endophytic isolate that might be related to adaptation to different environments and lifestyles within the Mucor genus. CONCLUSIONS This study extended the descriptive data set for Mucor genomes, pointed out the complexity of obtaining a robust phylogeny even with multiple genes families and allowed identifying contrasting potentially lifestyle-associated gene repertoires. The obtained data will allow investigating further the link between genetic and its biological data, especially in terms of adaptation to a given habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lebreton
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Plateforme ABiMS, CNRS: FR2424, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 74 29682, Roscoff Cedex, BP, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jany
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Loraine Brillet-Guéguen
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Plateforme ABiMS, CNRS: FR2424, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 74 29682, Roscoff Cedex, BP, France
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Carlos Pèrez-Arques
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Misharl Monsoor
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Plateforme ABiMS, CNRS: FR2424, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Paris VI, Place Georges Teissier, 74 29682, Roscoff Cedex, BP, France
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Le Meur
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Emmanuel Coton
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Georges Barbier
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Laurence Meslet-Cladière
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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Walther G, Wagner L, Kurzai O. Updates on the Taxonomy of Mucorales with an Emphasis on Clinically Important Taxa. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:E106. [PMID: 31739583 PMCID: PMC6958464 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the order Mucorales colonize all kinds of wet, organic materials and represent a permanent part of the human environment. They are economically important as fermenting agents of soybean products and producers of enzymes, but also as plant parasites and spoilage organisms. Several taxa cause life-threatening infections, predominantly in patients with impaired immunity. The order Mucorales has now been assigned to the phylum Mucoromycota and is comprised of 261 species in 55 genera. Of these accepted species, 38 have been reported to cause infections in humans, as a clinical entity known as mucormycosis. Due to molecular phylogenetic studies, the taxonomy of the order has changed widely during the last years. Characteristics such as homothallism, the shape of the suspensors, or the formation of sporangiola are shown to be not taxonomically relevant. Several genera including Absidia, Backusella, Circinella, Mucor, and Rhizomucor have been amended and their revisions are summarized in this review. Medically important species that have been affected by recent changes include Lichtheimia corymbifera, Mucor circinelloides, and Rhizopus microsporus. The species concept of Rhizopus arrhizus (syn. R. oryzae) is still a matter of debate. Currently, species identification of the Mucorales is best performed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Ecologically, the Mucorales represent a diverse group but for the majority of taxa, the ecological role and the geographic distribution remain unknown. Understanding the biology of these opportunistic fungal pathogens is a prerequisite for the prevention of infections, and, consequently, studies on the ecology of the Mucorales are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Walther
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.W.); (O.K.)
| | - Lysett Wagner
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.W.); (O.K.)
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (L.W.); (O.K.)
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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A new species concept for the clinically relevant Mucor circinelloides complex. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2019; 44:67-97. [PMID: 33116336 PMCID: PMC7567969 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucor species are common soil fungi but also known as agents of human infections (mucormycosis) and used in food production and biotechnology. Mucor circinelloides is the Mucor species that is most frequently isolated from clinical sources. The taxonomy of Mucor circinelloides and its close relatives (Mucor circinelloides complex – MCC) is still based on morphology and mating behaviour. The aim of the present study was a revised taxonomy of the MCC using a polyphasic approach. Using a set of 100 strains molecular phylogenetic analysis of five markers (ITS, rpb1, tsr1, mcm7, and cfs, introduced here) were performed, combined with phenotypic studies, mating tests and the determination of the maximum growth temperatures. The multi-locus analyses revealed 16 phylogenetic species of which 14 showed distinct phenotypical traits and were recognised as discrete species. Five of these species are introduced as novel taxa: M. amethystinus sp. nov., M. atramentarius sp. nov., M. variicolumellatus sp. nov., M. pseudocircinelloides sp. nov., and M. pseudolusitanicus sp. nov. The former formae of M. circinelloides represent one or two separate species. In the MCC, the simple presence of well-shaped zygospores only indicates a close relation of both strains, but not necessarily conspecificity. Seven species of the MCC have been implemented in human infection: M. circinelloides, M. griseocyanus, M. janssenii, M. lusitanicus, M. ramosissimus, M. variicolumellatus, and M. velutinosus.
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Wagner L, de Hoog S, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Voigt K, Kurzai O, Walther G. A Revised Species Concept for Opportunistic Mucor Species Reveals Species-Specific Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00653-19. [PMID: 31182532 PMCID: PMC6658771 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00653-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the species concept of opportunistic Mucor circinelloides and its relatives has been revised, resulting in the recognition of its classical formae as independent species and the description of new species. In this study, we used isolates of all clinically relevant Mucor species and performed susceptibility testing using the EUCAST reference method to identify potential species-specific susceptibility patterns. In vitro susceptibility profiles of 101 mucoralean strains belonging to the genus Mucor (72), the closely related species Cokeromyces recurvatus (3), Rhizopus (12), Lichtheimia (10), and Rhizomucor (4) to six antifungals (amphotericin B, natamycin, terbinafine, isavuconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole) were determined. The most active drug for all Mucorales was amphotericin B. Antifungal susceptibility profiles of pathogenic Mucor species were specific for isavuconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. The species formerly united in M. circinelloides showed clear differences in their antifungal susceptibilities. Cokeromyces recurvatus, Mucor ardhlaengiktus, Mucor lusitanicus (M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus), and Mucor ramosissimus exhibited high MICs to all azoles tested. Mucor indicus presented high MICs for isavuconazole and posaconazole, and Mucor amphibiorum and Mucor irregularis showed high MICs for isavuconazole. MIC values of Mucor spp. for posaconazole, isavuconazole, and itraconazole were high compared to those for Rhizopus and the Lichtheimiaceae (Lichtheimia and Rhizomucor). Molecular identification combined with in vitro susceptibility testing is recommended for Mucor species, especially if azoles are applied in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysett Wagner
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grit Walther
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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Global Epidemiology of Mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5010026. [PMID: 30901907 PMCID: PMC6462913 DOI: 10.3390/jof5010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive fungal infection, associated with high morbidity and mortality. A change in the epidemiology of mucormycosis has been observed in recent years with the rise in incidence, new causative agents and susceptible population. The rise has been perceived globally, but it is very high in the Asian continent. Though diabetes mellitus overshadow all other risk factors in Asia, post-tuberculosis and chronic renal failure have emerged as new risk groups. The rhino-cerebral form of mucormycosis is most commonly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, whereas, pulmonary mucormycosis in patients with haematological malignancy and transplant recipients. In immunocompetent hosts, cutaneous mucormycosis is commonly seen following trauma. The intriguing clinical entity, isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients is only reported from China and India. A new clinical entity, indolent mucormycosis in nasal sinuses, is recently recognized. The causative agents of mucormycosis vary across different geographic locations. Though Rhizopusarrhizus is the most common agent isolated worldwide, Apophysomycesvariabilis is predominant in Asia and Lichtheimia species in Europe. The new causative agents, Rhizopus homothallicus, Mucor irregularis, and Thamnostylum lucknowense are reported from Asia. In conclusion, with the change in epidemiology of mucormycosis country-wise studies are warranted to estimate disease burden in different risk groups, analyse the clinical disease pattern and identify the new etiological agents.
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25
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Crous P, Wingfield M, Burgess T, Hardy G, Gené J, Guarro J, Baseia I, García D, Gusmão L, Souza-Motta C, Thangavel R, Adamčík S, Barili A, Barnes C, Bezerra J, Bordallo J, Cano-Lira J, de Oliveira R, Ercole E, Hubka V, Iturrieta-González I, Kubátová A, Martín M, Moreau PA, Morte A, Ordoñez M, Rodríguez A, Stchigel A, Vizzini A, Abdollahzadeh J, Abreu V, Adamčíková K, Albuquerque G, Alexandrova A, Álvarez Duarte E, Armstrong-Cho C, Banniza S, Barbosa R, Bellanger JM, Bezerra J, Cabral T, Caboň M, Caicedo E, Cantillo T, Carnegie A, Carmo L, Castañeda-Ruiz R, Clement C, Čmoková A, Conceição L, Cruz R, Damm U, da Silva B, da Silva G, da Silva R, de A. Santiago A, de Oliveira L, de Souza C, Déniel F, Dima B, Dong G, Edwards J, Félix C, Fournier J, Gibertoni T, Hosaka K, Iturriaga T, Jadan M, Jany JL, Jurjević Ž, Kolařík M, Kušan I, Landell M, Leite Cordeiro T, Lima D, Loizides M, Luo S, Machado A, Madrid H, Magalhães O, Marinho P, Matočec N, Mešić A, Miller A, Morozova O, Neves R, Nonaka K, Nováková A, Oberlies N, Oliveira-Filho J, Oliveira T, Papp V, Pereira O, Perrone G, Peterson S, Pham T, Raja H, Raudabaugh D, Řehulka J, Rodríguez-Andrade E, Saba M, Schauflerová A, Shivas R, Simonini G, Siqueira J, Sousa J, Stajsic V, Svetasheva T, Tan Y, Tkalčec Z, Ullah S, Valente P, Valenzuela-Lopez N, Abrinbana M, Viana Marques D, Wong P, Xavier de Lima V, Groenewald J. Fungal Planet description sheets: 716-784. PERSOONIA 2018; 40:240-393. [PMID: 30505003 PMCID: PMC6146637 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoë banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoë elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoë leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis, Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii, Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae, Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis, Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi, Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil, Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis, Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae, Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus, Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha, Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada, Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile, Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana, Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia, Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita, Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus, Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa) on burned soil. Czech Republic, Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans. Ecuador, Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France, Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary, Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran, Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia, Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico, Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand , Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria, Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan, Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia, Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa, Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain, Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates, Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA, Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam, Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - T.I. Burgess
- Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - G.E.St.J. Hardy
- Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - J. Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J. Guarro
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - I.G. Baseia
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - D. García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - L.F.P. Gusmão
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n, NovoHorizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- URM Culture Collection, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R. Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - S. Adamčík
- Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen, Akademická 2, SK-949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - A. Barili
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - C.W. Barnes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Panamericana Sur Km 1, Sector Cutuglahua, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J.J. Bordallo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J.F. Cano-Lira
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - R.J.V. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - E. Ercole
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - I. Iturrieta-González
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - A. Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - M.P. Martín
- Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - P.-A. Moreau
- Université de Lille, Faculté de pharmacie de Lille, EA 4483, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M.E. Ordoñez
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - A. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A.M. Stchigel
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - A. Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J. Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - V.P. Abreu
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K. Adamčíková
- Branch for Woody Plants Biology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen, Akademická 2, SK-949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - G.M.R. Albuquerque
- URM Culture Collection, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - A.V. Alexandrova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Faculty of Biology, 119234, 1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - E. Álvarez Duarte
- Mycology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Armstrong-Cho
- Crop Development Centre / Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - S. Banniza
- Crop Development Centre / Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - R.N. Barbosa
- URM Culture Collection, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J.-M. Bellanger
- CEFE UMR5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE – INSERM, 1919, route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J.L. Bezerra
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - T.S. Cabral
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - M. Caboň
- Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen, Akademická 2, SK-949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - E. Caicedo
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - T. Cantillo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n, NovoHorizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - A.J. Carnegie
- Forest Health & Biosecurity, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Level 12, 10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Locked Bag 5123, Parramatta NSW 2124, Australia
| | - L.T. Carmo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n, NovoHorizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz
- Inst. de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt’, Calle 1 Esq. 2, C.P. 17200, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba
| | - C.R. Clement
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - A. Čmoková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - L.B. Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n, NovoHorizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - R.H.S.F. Cruz
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | | | - G.A. da Silva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R.M.F. da Silva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - A.L.C.M. de A. Santiago
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - L.F. de Oliveira
- Universidade de Pernambuco- Campus Serra Talhada, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - C.A.F. de Souza
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - F. Déniel
- Université de Brest, EA3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - B. Dima
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Plant Anatomy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G. Dong
- University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Rd, Cobbitty 2570, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J. Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria, School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - C.R. Félix
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde – ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - T.B. Gibertoni
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - K. Hosaka
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T. Iturriaga
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - M. Jadan
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J.-L. Jany
- Université de Brest, EA3882 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
| | - M. Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - I. Kušan
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M.F. Landell
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde – ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - T.R. Leite Cordeiro
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - D.X. Lima
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - S. Luo
- University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Rd, Cobbitty 2570, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A.R. Machado
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - H. Madrid
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor de Chile, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - O.M.C. Magalhães
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - P. Marinho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - N. Matočec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Mešić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A.N. Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - O.V. Morozova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - R.P. Neves
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - K. Nonaka
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - A. Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - N.H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA
| | - J.R.C. Oliveira-Filho
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - T.G.L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - V. Papp
- Szent István University, Department of Botany, Budapest, Hungary
| | - O.L. Pereira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S.W. Peterson
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - T.H.G. Pham
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Saint Petersburg State Forestry University, 194021, 5U Institutsky Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - H.A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA
| | - D.B. Raudabaugh
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - J. Řehulka
- Department of Zoology, Silesian Museum, Nádražní okruh 31, 746 01 Opava, Czech Republic
| | - E. Rodríguez-Andrade
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - M. Saba
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - A. Schauflerová
- Veterinary clinic Fénix, Velehradská 19, 13000 Prague 3, Czech Republic
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - G. Simonini
- Via Bell’Aria 8, I-42121 Reggio nell’Emilia, Italy
| | - J.P.Z. Siqueira
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J.O. Sousa
- Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - V. Stajsic
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - T. Svetasheva
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Biology and Technologies of Living Systems Department, Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, 125 Lenin av., 300026 Tula, Russia
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Z. Tkalčec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S. Ullah
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - P. Valente
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - N. Valenzuela-Lopez
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta s/n, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M. Abrinbana
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - P.T.W. Wong
- University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Rd, Cobbitty 2570, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V. Xavier de Lima
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Xu W, Peng J, Li D, Tsui CKM, Long Z, Wang Q, Mei H, Liu W. Transcriptional profile of the human skin pathogenic fungus Mucor irregularis in response to low oxygen. Med Mycol 2018; 56:631-644. [PMID: 29420826 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is one of the most invasive mycosis and has caused global concern in public health. Cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis) is an emerging disease in China. To survive in the human body, M. irregularis must overcome the hypoxic (low oxygen) host microenvironment. However, the exact molecular mechanism of its pathogenicity and adaptation to low oxygen stress environment is relatively unexplored. In this study, we used Illumina HiSeq technology (RNA-Seq) to determine and compare the transcriptome profile of M. irregularis CBS103.93 under normal growth condition and hypoxic stress. Our analyses demonstrated a series of genes involved in TCA, glyoxylate cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and GABA shunt were down-regulated under hypoxic condition, while certain genes in the lipid/fatty acid metabolism and endocytosis were up-regulated, indicating that lipid metabolism was more active under hypoxia. Comparing the data with other important human pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus spp., we found that the gene expression pattern and metabolism in responses to hypoxia in M. irregularis were unique and different. We proposed that these metabolic changes can represent a species-specific hypoxic adaptation in M. irregularis, and we hypothesized that M. irregularis could use the intra-lipid pool and lipid secreted in the infection region, as an extracellular nutrient source to support its hypoxic growth. Characterizing the significant differential gene expression in this species could be beneficial to uncover their role in hypoxia adaptation and fungalpathogenesis and further facilitate the development of novel targets in disease diagnosis and treatment against mucormycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Xu
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Peng
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Clement K M Tsui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Zhimin Long
- Demo Lab, Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, IBP, Shanghai, 200335, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Mei
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Wijayawardene NN, Pawłowska J, Letcher PM, Kirk PM, Humber RA, Schüßler A, Wrzosek M, Muszewska A, Okrasińska A, Istel Ł, Gęsiorska A, Mungai P, Lateef AA, Rajeshkumar KC, Singh RV, Radek R, Walther G, Wagner L, Walker C, Wijesundara DSA, Papizadeh M, Dolatabadi S, Shenoy BD, Tokarev YS, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota). FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kumar M, Jantausch B, Torres C, Campos J, Zelazny A. Central Line-Associated Mucor velutinosus Bloodstream Infection in an Immunocompetent Pediatric Patient. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:e55-e57. [PMID: 29373689 PMCID: PMC6251637 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of Mucor velutinosus from multiple blood cultures performed on samples from Broviac catheters and culture of a Broviac insertion-site wound sample from a 6-year-old boy with a history of intestinal failure secondary to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, parenteral nutrition, and jejunostomy tube dependence. Examination of a slide from the culture revealed the presence of wide nonseptate hyphae with sporangiophores, columella, and chlamydospores. The fungal isolate was sent to the National Institutes of Health for further evaluation and was identified as Mucor velutinosus by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and genomic sequencing. The patient was treated successfully with intravenous amphotericin B and prompt removal of his central line. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of M velutinosus bloodstream infection in a child without cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Children’s National Medical
Center,Correspondence: M. Kumar, DO, Childrens National Medical Center, Infectious
Diseases, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010
()
| | - Barbara Jantausch
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Children’s National Medical
Center
| | - Clarivet Torres
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Microbiology Children’s National Medical
Center
| | | | - Adrian Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of
Health
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Diversity of mucoralean fungi in soils of papaya (Carica papaya L.) producing regions in Mexico. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:810-816. [PMID: 30007431 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mexico is the fifth largest producer of papaya worldwide and has recently reported problems with mucoralean fungi in this crop. These fungi are considered saprophytes in the soil and are ubiquitous in nature. In this work, they were isolated from soil in regions of intensive papaya cultivation in Mexico. Collections were made in the states of Colima, Oaxaca and Veracruz in Apr 2016. A total of 72 mucorales fungal isolates was obtained and morphologically characterized and then molecular characterization (28S ribosomal region) of 25 representative isolates was carried out. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences confirmed the presence of the species Gilbertella persicaria, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor circinelloides and Mucor hiemalis, which cause soft rot in papaya fruits, therefore, spores of these fungi found in the orchard soils can be considered as a constant source of contamination that affects healthy fruits. Additionally, Choanephora cucurbitarum, Mucor ellipsoideus, Rhizopus homothallicus, Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus schipperae, Lichteimia ramosa, Gongronella butleri, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Cunninghamella blakesleeana were identified which are considered to have agricultural, biotechnological and medical importance.
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Nguyen TTT, Lee HB. Isolation and Characterization of Three Zygomycetous Fungi in Korea: Backusella circina, Circinella muscae, and Mucor ramosissimus. MYCOBIOLOGY 2018; 46:317-327. [PMID: 30637140 PMCID: PMC6319469 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1538071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While surveying undiscovered fungal taxa in Korea, three rare zygomycetous fungal strains, CNUFC-PTF2-1, CNUFC-TF3-1, and CNUFC-ESAF3-1, were isolated from soil, leaf, and freshwater samples, respectively. The strains were analyzed morphologically as well as phylogenetically based on the internal transcribed spacer region and 28S rDNA sequences. Sequence analysis of the two loci revealed that the isolates, CNUFC-PTF2-1, CNUFC-TF3-1, and CNUFC-ESAF3-1, were identified as Backusella circina, Circinella muscae, and Mucor ramosissimus, respectively. These species have not yet been previously described in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong T T Nguyen
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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de Souza JI, Pires-Zottarelli CLA, dos Santos JF, Costa JP, Harakava R. Isomucor(Mucoromycotina): a new genus from a Cerrado reserve in state of São Paulo, Brazil. Mycologia 2017; 104:232-41. [DOI: 10.3852/11-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janaina Pinheiro Costa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stéfano 3687, 04301-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Harakava
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Fitopatológica, Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, 04014-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Morin-Sardin S, Nodet P, Coton E, Jany JL. Mucor: A Janus-faced fungal genus with human health impact and industrial applications. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Shelburne SA, Ajami NJ, Chibucos MC, Beird HC, Tarrand J, Galloway-Peña J, Albert N, Chemaly RF, Ghantoji SS, Marsh L, Pemmaraju N, Andreeff M, Shpall EJ, Wargo JA, Rezvani K, Alousi A, Bruno VM, Futreal PA, Petrosino JF, Kontoyiannis DP. Implementation of a Pan-Genomic Approach to Investigate Holobiont-Infecting Microbe Interaction: A Case Report of a Leukemic Patient with Invasive Mucormycosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139851. [PMID: 26556047 PMCID: PMC4640583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease can be conceptualized as the result of interactions between infecting microbe and holobiont, the combination of a host and its microbial communities. It is likely that genomic variation in the host, infecting microbe, and commensal microbiota are key determinants of infectious disease clinical outcomes. However, until recently, simultaneous, multiomic investigation of infecting microbe and holobiont components has rarely been explored. Herein, we characterized the infecting microbe, host, micro- and mycobiomes leading up to infection onset in a leukemia patient that developed invasive mucormycosis. We discovered that the patient was infected with a strain of the recently described Mucor velutinosus species which we determined was hypervirulent in a Drosophila challenge model and has a predisposition for skin dissemination. After completing the infecting M. velutinosus genome and genomes from four other Mucor species, comparative pathogenomics was performed and assisted in identifying 66 M. velutinosus-specific putatively secreted proteins, including multiple novel secreted aspartyl proteinases which may contribute to the unique clinical presentation of skin dissemination. Whole exome sequencing of the patient revealed multiple non-synonymous polymorphisms in genes critical to control of fungal proliferation, such as TLR6 and PTX3. Moreover, the patient had a non-synonymous polymorphism in the NOD2 gene and a missense mutation in FUT2, which have been linked to microbial dysbiosis and microbiome diversity maintenance during physiologic stress, respectively. In concert with host genetic polymorphism data, the micro- and mycobiome analyses revealed that the infection developed amid a dysbiotic microbiome with low α-diversity, dominated by staphylococci. Additionally, longitudinal mycobiome data showed that M. velutinosus DNA was detectable in oral samples preceding disease onset. Our genome-level study of the host-infecting microbe-commensal triad extends the concept of personalized genomic medicine to the holobiont-infecting microbe interface thereby offering novel opportunities for using synergistic genetic methods to increase understanding of infectious diseases pathogenesis and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nadim J. Ajami
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcus C. Chibucos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hannah C. Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Tarrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathan Albert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roy F. Chemaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shashank S. Ghantoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa Marsh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amin Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Phillip A. Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chander J, Kaur M, Bhalla M, Punia RS, Singla N, Bhola K, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Stchigel AM, Guarro J. Changing Epidemiology of Mucoralean Fungi: Chronic Cutaneous Infection Caused by Mucor irregularis. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:181-6. [PMID: 26170185 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fungi pertaining to order Mucorales usually cause an acute form of clinical disease called mucormycosis. A primary chronic presentation in an immunocompetent patient is a rare form of mucormycosis. Mucor irregularis is known for causing chronic cutaneous infections geographically confined to Asia, mainly in China. We describe a case of primary chronic cutaneous mucormycosis caused by M. irregularis from a new geographical niche in India, highlighting changing aspects of its epidemiology. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a farmer with a history of skin lesions over the lower limb for the past 6 years. The biopsy taken from the lesions showed pauci-septate hyphae with right-angle branching on KOH wet mount as well as special fungal stains. On fungal culture, greyish-white cottony mycelial growth of Mucormycetes was obtained. The strain was finally identified as M. irregularis on macro- and microscopic features on 2 % MEA and DNA sequencing. The antifungal susceptibility was done using EUCAST broth microdilution method and was found to be susceptible to commonly used antifungal agents. The patient was started on oral itraconazole and saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI). While undergoing treatment for 2 months, he was lost to follow-up, however, after a year when he recently visited the hospital; the disease got completely healed with no new crops of skin lesions. CONCLUSION Mucoralean fungi should also be suspected in cases with chronic presentation, in immunocompetent host, as there is emergence of such fungi in new endemic areas, particularly located in Asia. The role of other antifungal agents apart from amphotericin B for the treatment of chronic mucormycosis needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Chander
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India,
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Yamaguchi S, Okubo Y, Katano A, Sano A, Uezato H, Takahashi K. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis in an elderly person. J Dermatol 2014; 42:210-4. [PMID: 25510200 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare but often lethal severe fungal infection, which usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis in an elderly patient. Seven months after the surgical dissection of the involved skin, cutaneous mucormycosis recurred at the peripheral edge of the skin graft. Shortly subsequent to the administration of liposomal amphotericin B, the remaining skin lesion was excised again. M. irregularis is rarely but increasingly reported as a cause of mucormycosis in immunocompetent individuals, especially in Asian farmers. M. irregularis may be largely disseminated in the soils of Asia and thus the trivial trauma at the time of farm work may be a trigger for the onset. These cases tend to leave severe cosmetic damage even in healthy individuals, although the vital prognosis is not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan
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39
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Dannaoui E, Millon L. Current Status of Diagnosis of Mucormycosis: Update on Molecular Methods. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-014-0196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Genetic Characterization of Fungi Isolated from the Environmental Swabs collected from a Compounding Center Known to Cause Multistate Meningitis Outbreak in United States Using ITS Sequencing. Pathogens 2014; 3:732-42. [PMID: 25438021 PMCID: PMC4243438 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A multistate fungal meningitis outbreak started in September of 2012 which spread in 20 states of the United States. The outbreak has been fatal so far, and has affected 751 individuals with 64 deaths among those who received contaminated spinal injections manufactured by a Compounding Center located in Massachusetts. In a preliminary study, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated the outbreak in collaboration with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), state and local health departments, and identified four fungal and several bacterial contaminations in the recalled unopened injection vials. This follow-up study was carried out to assess DNA sequencing of the ITS1 region of rRNA gene for rapid identification of fungal pathogens during public health outbreak investigations. A total of 26 environmental swabs were collected from several locations at the manufacturing premises of the Compounding Center known to have caused the outbreak. The swab samples were initially examined by conventional microbiologic protocols and a wide range of fungal species were recovered. Species-identification of these microorganisms was accomplished by nucleotide sequencing of ITS1 region of rRNA gene. Analysis of data confirmed 14 additional fungal species in the swabs analyzed.
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Rammaert B, Angebault C, Scemla A, Fraitag S, Lerolle N, Lecuit M, Bougnoux ME, Lortholary O. Mucor irregularis-associated cutaneous mucormycosis: Case report and review. Med Mycol Case Rep 2014; 6:62-5. [PMID: 25379401 PMCID: PMC4216332 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients are at risk for invasive fungal diseases, and are also exposed to healthcare-associated mucormycosis. Mainly causing localized cutaneous mucormycosis, Mucor irregularis infection is reported for the first time in a kidney-transplant recipient. A healthcare-associated origin was highly suspected in this case. We performed a literature review and highlight the characteristics of this very rare fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Rammaert
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d׳Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Angebault
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Service de Microbiologie, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Scemla
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Service de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lerolle
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d׳Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d׳Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France ; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Infections, 75015 Paris, France ; Inserm U1117, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Service de Microbiologie, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d׳Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France ; Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS URA 3012, 75015 Paris, France
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Muszewska A, Pawłowska J, Krzyściak P. Biology, systematics, and clinical manifestations of Zygomycota infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1273-87. [PMID: 24615580 PMCID: PMC4077243 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungi cause opportunistic, nosocomial, and community-acquired infections. Among fungal infections (mycoses) zygomycoses are exceptionally severe, with a mortality rate exceeding 50%. Immunocompromised hosts, transplant recipients, and diabetic patients with uncontrolled keto-acidosis and high iron serum levels are at risk. Zygomycota are capable of infecting hosts immune to other filamentous fungi. The infection often follows a progressive pattern, with angioinvasion and metastases. Moreover, current antifungal therapy frequently has an unfavorable outcome. Zygomycota are resistant to some of the routinely used antifungals, among them azoles (except posaconazole) and echinocandins. The typical treatment consists of surgical debridement of the infected tissues accompanied by amphotericin B administration. The latter has strong nephrotoxic side effects, which make it unsuitable for prophylaxis. Delayed administration of amphotericin and excision of mycelium-containing tissues worsens survival prognoses. More than 30 species of Zygomycota are involved in human infections, among them Mucorales is the most abundant. Prognosis and treatment suggestions differ for each species, which makes fast and reliable diagnosis essential. Serum sample PCR-based identification often gives false-negative results; culture-based identification is time-consuming and not always feasible. With the dawn of Zygomycota sequencing projects significant advancement is expected, as in the case of treatment of Ascomycota infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawiskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland,
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de A. Santiago ALCM, Hoffmann K, Lima DX, de Oliveira RJV, Vieira HEE, Malosso E, Maia LC, da Silva GA. A new species of Lichtheimia (Mucoromycotina, Mucorales) isolated from Brazilian soil. Mycol Prog 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-013-0920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Walther G, Pawłowska J, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Wrzosek M, Rodriguez-Tudela J, Dolatabadi S, Chakrabarti A, de Hoog G. DNA barcoding in Mucorales: an inventory of biodiversity. PERSOONIA 2013; 30:11-47. [PMID: 24027345 PMCID: PMC3734965 DOI: 10.3767/003158513x665070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The order Mucorales comprises predominantly fast-growing saprotrophic fungi, some of which are used for the fermentation of foodstuffs but it also includes species known to cause infections in patients with severe immune or metabolic impairments. To inventory biodiversity in Mucorales ITS barcodes of 668 strains in 203 taxa were generated covering more than two thirds of the recognised species. Using the ITS sequences, Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units were defined by a similarity threshold of 99 %. An LSU sequence was generated for each unit as well. Analysis of the LSU sequences revealed that conventional phenotypic classifications of the Mucoraceae are highly artificial. The LSU- and ITS-based trees suggest that characters, such as rhizoids and sporangiola, traditionally used in mucoralean taxonomy are plesiomorphic traits. The ITS region turned out to be an appropriate barcoding marker in Mucorales. It could be sequenced directly in 82 % of the strains and its variability was sufficient to resolve most of the morphospecies. Molecular identification turned out to be problematic only for the species complexes of Mucor circinelloides, M. flavus, M. piriformis and Zygorhynchus moelleri. As many as 12 possibly undescribed species were detected. Intraspecific variability differed widely among mucorealean species ranging from 0 % in Backusella circina to 13.3 % in Cunninghamella echinulata. A high proportion of clinical strains was included for molecular identification. Clinical isolates of Cunninghamella elegans were identified molecularly for the first time. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses several taxonomic and nomenclatural changes became necessary. The genus Backusella was emended to include all species with transitorily recurved sporangiophores. Since this matched molecular data all Mucor species possessing this character were transferred to Backusella. The genus Zygorhynchus was shown to be polyphyletic based on ITS and LSU data. Consequently, Zygorhynchus was abandoned and all species were reclassified in Mucor. Our phylogenetic analyses showed, furthermore, that all non-thermophilic Rhizomucor species belong to Mucor. Accordingly, Rhizomucor endophyticus was transferred to Mucor and Rhizomucor chlamydosporus was synonymised with Mucor indicus. Lecto-, epi- or neotypes were designated for several taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Walther
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Jena, Germany
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Pawłowska
- Department of Systematics and Plant Geography, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III Mycology Department, Spanish National Center for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Wrzosek
- Department of Systematics and Plant Geography, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J.L. Rodriguez-Tudela
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III Mycology Department, Spanish National Center for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Dolatabadi
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Chakrabarti
- Departments of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - G.S. de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing, China
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Pawłowska J, Walther G, Wilk M, de Hoog S, Wrzosek M. The use of compensatory base change analysis of ITS2 as a tool in the phylogeny of Mucorales, illustrated by the Mucor circinelloides complex. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-013-0139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Taxonomy and epidemiology of Mucor irregularis, agent of chronic cutaneous mucormycosis. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2013; 30:48-56. [PMID: 24027346 PMCID: PMC3734966 DOI: 10.3767/003158513x665539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis usually presents as a progressive infection with significant angio-invasion. Mucormycosis due to Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis), however, is exceptional in causing chronic cutaneous infection in immunocompetent humans, ultimately leading to severe morbidity if left untreated. More than 90 % of the cases known to date were reported from Asia, mainly from China. The nearest neighbour of M. irregularis is the saprobic species M. hiemalis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taxonomic position, epidemiology, and intra- and inter-species diversity of M. irregularis based on 21 strains (clinical n = 17) by multilocus analysis using ITS, LSU, RPB1 and RPB2 genes, compared to results of cluster analysis with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data. By combining MLST and AFLP analyses, M. irregularis was found to be monophyletic with high bootstrap support, and consisted of five subgroups, which were not concordant in all partitions. It was thus confirmed that M. irregularis is a single species at 96.1–100 % ITS similarity and low recombination rates between populations. Some geographic structuring was noted with some localised populations, which may be explained by limited air-dispersal. The natural habitat of the species is likely to be in soil and decomposing plant material.
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Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Mellado E, Cuenca-Estrella M. Current section and species complex concepts inAspergillus:recommendations for routine daily practice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1273:18-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hong SB, Kim DH, Lee M, Baek SY, Kwon SW, Houbraken J, Samson RA. Zygomycota associated with traditional meju, a fermented soybean starting material for soy sauce and soybean paste. J Microbiol 2012; 50:386-93. [PMID: 22752901 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-1437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Various zygomycota species were detected during a study of the mycobiota of meju, a brick of dried fermented soybeans, used in Korean cuisine. Two hundred and sixty-eight strains were isolated from 98 finished meju products collected in various regions of Korea from 2009 to 2011, and 96 strains were isolated from in-process meju on various farms from 2010 to 2011. The isolated zygomycota were identified using phenotypic characteristics combined with DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA and the D1/D2 nuclear ribosomal large subunit. Of 364 zygomycota strains, 108 were identified as Mucor circinelloides, 96 as M. racemosus, 60 as Lichtheimia ramosa, 22 as Rhizopus stolonifer, 16 as Lichtheimia corymbifera, and the other 62 strains comprised 10 other species. The psychrotrophic species, Mucor circinelloides and M. racemosus were predominantly present during low temperature fermentation (LTF) and the thermotolerant species Lichtheimia ramosa and Rhizomucor species were predominant during high temperature fermentation (HTF). The results suggest that temperature has a large influence on the zygomycota composition during the fermentation process of meju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-707, Republic of Korea.
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Molecular systematics in the genus Mucor with special regards to species encountered in cheese. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:692-705. [PMID: 22658314 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Mucor, a member of the order Mucorales, comprises different species encountered in cheeses. Although fungi play a fundamental role in cheese manufacturing and ripening, the taxonomy of many fungal species found in cheese is poorly defined; indeed, this is the case for Mucor spp. In the present study, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships among 70 Mucor strains, including 36 cheese isolates, by using a five gene phylogenetic approach combined with morphological analyses. Overall, at least six species of Mucor were identified among the cheese isolates including a possible new taxon. The present study also suggests that the genus Mucor comprises undescribed taxa and needs to be properly defined.
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50
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Alrefai AH, Berger JR, Saadeh RS. Against all odds: surviving rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a case report. J Neurovirol 2012; 18:144-7. [PMID: 22411001 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-012-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Alrefai
- Department of Neuroscience, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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