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Abstract
Menopause nomenclature varies in the scholarly literature making synthesis and interpretation of research findings difficult. Therefore, the present study aimed to review and discuss critical developments in menopause nomenclature; determine the level of heterogeneity amongst menopause definitions and compare them with the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop criteria. Definitions/criteria used to characterise premenopausal and postmenopausal status were extracted from 210 studies and 128 of these studies were included in the final analyses. The main findings were that 39.84% of included studies were consistent with STRAW classification of premenopause, whereas 70.31% were consistent with STRAW classification of postmenopause. Surprisingly, major inconsistencies relating to premenopause definition were due to a total lack of reporting of any definitions/criteria for premenopause (39.84% of studies). In contrast, only 20.31% did not report definitions/criteria for postmenopause. The present findings indicate that there is a significant amount of heterogeneity associated with the definition of premenopause, compared with postmenopause. We propose three key suggestions/recommendations, which can be distilled from these findings. Firstly, premenopause should be transparently operationalised and reported. Secondly, as a minimum requirement, regular menstruation should be defined as the number of menstrual cycles in a period of at least 3 months. Finally, the utility of introducing normative age-ranges as supplementary criterion for defining stages of reproductive ageing should be considered. The use of consistent terminology in research will enhance our capacity to compare results from different studies and more effectively investigate issues related to women's health and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthan Ambikairajah
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Building 12, 11 Kirinari Street, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Erin Walsh
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Maniçoba ACBN, Galvão-Moreira LV, D'Albuquerque IMSC, Brito HO, do Nascimento JR, do Nascimento FRF, do C L Barbosa M, da Costa RMG, do D S B Nascimento M, Dos S Faria M, Brito LMO. Plasma Cytokine Levels in Overweight Versus Obese Disease-Free Perimenopausal Women. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:917-923. [PMID: 31858915 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666191220110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the plasma cytokine levels during T cell-mediated inflammatory responses and compare the metabolic markers between overweight and obese perimenopausal women without systemic diseases. METHODS Sixty perimenopausal women were divided into two groups (overweight and obese). Participants in both groups had their waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) measured and blood samples collected for the evaluation of estradiol, fasting glucose, leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17A levels, and lipid profile. RESULTS In univariate analysis, women with obesity showed increased WHtR, fasting glucose, leptin, and IL-6 (p < 0.05) levels; however, significant differences were not observed in IL-10 or IL-17A (p > 0.05) levels. In the receiver operating characteristic curve, the highest areas under the curve were shown for leptin (0.856) and IL-6 (0.706). IL-6 levels correlated with both hs-CRP (r = 0.302, p = 0.020) and leptin (r = 0.294, p = 0.022). However, in multivariate analysis, IL-6 was not associated with a greater likelihood of obesity (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 0.82-3.15; p = 0.16), when potential confounders were considered. CONCLUSION IL-6 levels varied between overweight and obese perimenopausal women, and this association was weaker when adjusted for other clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C B N Maniçoba
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | - Haissa O Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Johnny R do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui M G da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Dos S Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil,Department of Medicine I, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Luciane M O Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Ambikairajah A, Walsh E, Tabatabaei-Jafari H, Cherbuin N. Fat mass changes during menopause: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:393-409.e50. [PMID: 31034807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data: Fat mass has been shown to increase in aging women; however, the extent to which menopausal status mediates these changes remains unclear. The purpose of this review was to determine (1) how fat mass differs in quantity and distribution between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, (2) whether and how age and/or menopausal status moderates any observed differences, and (3) which type of fat mass measure is best suited to the detection of differences in fat mass between groups. STUDY This review with metaanalyses is reported according to Metaanalysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Studies (published up to May 2018) were identified via PubMed to provide fat mass measures in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We included 201 cross-sectional studies in the metaanalysis, which provided a combined sample size of 1,049,919 individuals and consisted of 478,734 premenopausal women and 571,185 postmenopausal women. Eleven longitudinal studies were included in the metaanalyses, which provided a combined sample size of 2472 women who were premenopausal at baseline and postmenopausal at follow up. RESULTS The main findings of this review were that fat mass significantly increased between premenopausal and postmenopausal women across most measures, which included body mass index (1.14 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.32 kg/m2), bodyweight (1 kg; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-1.57 kg), body fat percentage (2.88%; 95% confidence interval, 2.13-3.63%), waist circumference (4.63 cm; 95% confidence interval, 3.90-5.35 cm), hip circumference (2.01 cm; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-2.65 cm), waist-hip ratio (0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.05), visceral fat (26.90 cm2; 95% confidence interval, 13.12-40.68), and trunk fat percentage (5.49%; 95% confidence interval, 3.91-7.06 cm2). The exception was total leg fat percentage, which significantly decreased (-3.19%; 95% confidence interval, -5.98 to -0.41%). No interactive effects were observed between menopausal status and age across all fat mass measures. CONCLUSION The change in fat mass quantity between premenopausal and postmenopausal women was attributable predominantly to increasing age; menopause had no significant additional influence. However, the decrease in total leg fat percentage and increase in measures of central fat are indicative of a possible change in fat mass distribution after menopause. These changes are likely to, at least in part, be due to hormonal shifts that occur during midlife when women have a higher androgen (ie, testosterone) to estradiol ratio after menopause, which has been linked to enhanced central adiposity deposition. Evidently, these findings suggest attention should be paid to the accumulation of central fat after menopause, whereas increases in total fat mass should be monitored consistently across the lifespan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Menopause is associated with an increased risk for MetS. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to better understand the relationship between MetS and menopause. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all the associated articles on (1) MetS components in postmenopausal women vs. premenopausal women, (2) comparison of MetS incidence between surgical menopause and natural menopause, (3) the effect of hormone therapy (HT) with 17β-estradiol (E2) compared to conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) on MetS components among postmenopausal women. A meta-analysis was applied by Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS All comparable indicators were significantly unfavorably changed in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women except for high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Women who underwent surgical menopause suffered a 1.51-fold higher risk for MetS compared to those with natural menopause. HT with E2 provided more benefits for levels of triglyceride and diastolic blood, while CEE showed a better effect on both high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Menopause nearly adversely affects all components of MetS, and surgical menopause may lead to a higher incidence of MetS compared to natural menopause. HT with various preparations may have different effects on MetS components. These results may clarify the management of menopause-related MetS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pu
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - R Tan
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Q Yu
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - J Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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Guidelines for dietary management of menopausal women with simple obesity. MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2015; 14:48-52. [PMID: 26327888 PMCID: PMC4440197 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2015.48678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The problem of obesity affects all age groups. It is also observed among menopausal women. Menopause is the time in a woman's life when, as a consequence of hormonal changes occurring in the body, the risk of overweight and obesity increases significantly and, therefore, so does the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Excess body weight in menopausal women may also be of social and psychological importance since the occurring symptoms may considerably decrease quality of life and sexual activity of these women. Reduction of body weight in obese menopausal women should play a vital role in treatment of this group of patients. Therefore, adequate management seems to be essential, and it should involve dietary, pharmacological and/or surgical treatment, depending on the patient's needs. Following a rational weight loss plan provided by a dietician under medical supervision may contribute to improvement of the health condition and quality of life. It is recommended to observe the guidelines on dietary management described in this article by adjusting a diet plan individually. The following work constitutes a review of articles from 2004-2014 which are available in the PubMed medical knowledge base and the Polish Medical Bibliography (Polska Bibliografia Lekarska). For this purpose, the following controlled vocabulary has been used: menopausal woman, menopausal diet, menopausal weight gain, menopausal weight loss, dietary management in menopause.
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Su MC, Lin HR, Chu NF, Huang CH, Tsao LI. Weight loss experiences of obese perimenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Nurs 2015; 24:1849-59. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Su
- Department of Nursing; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ru Lin
- School of Nursing; National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Nain-Feng Chu
- Taitung Hospital; Ministry of Health and Welfare; Taitung Taiwan
- School of Public Health; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsung Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Taiwan Adventist Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taiwan Adventist Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ing Tsao
- College of Nursing; Taipei Taiwan
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences; Taipei Taiwan
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Zhu SP, He YW, Chen H, Sun ZF, Ding N, Mo J, Cao BY, Luo L, Zhang QQ, Wang Y, Zhang LF, Ren XX, Guo MW, Zhao YF, Ma LX, Li XH. Effects of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on fat accumulation, blood lipid, and uterus e 2 of menopause rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:621975. [PMID: 24639882 PMCID: PMC3930127 DOI: 10.1155/2014/621975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To observe the effect of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on blood lipid of menopause rats. Methods. Seventy 10-month-old SD rats with estrous cycle disorders were divided into three control groups and four treatment groups (n = 10/group) and another ten 3.5-month-old female SD rats were chosen as young control group. Preventive acupuncture and moxibustion were applied at Guanyuan (CV 4). Body weight growth rate has been recorded. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and uterus E 2 level were measured. Results. Compared to young control group, plasma TC and LDL increased and uterus E 2 reduced significantly in 12-month-old control group. Compared to 12-month-old control group, plasma TC and LDL level and body weight growth rate decreased while HDL level increased remarkably in preventive acupuncture 12-month-old group. Compared to 14-month-old control group, plasma TC level and body weight growth rate decreased remarkably in preventive moxibustion 14-month-old group. Conclusions. Preventive acupuncture and moxibustion can significantly decrease the plasma TG and LDL, increase the plasma HDL, and prevent fat accumulation. Our finding suggests that preventive acupuncture and moxibustion have beneficial effects on blood lipid. Different treatment effects were found between preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Zhu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-wei He
- Huguosi Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Sun
- Medical College of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Na Ding
- Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jie Mo
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing-Yan Cao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lu-Fen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Ren
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng-Wei Guo
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ya-Fang Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang-Xiao Ma
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Heianza Y, Arase Y, Kodama S, Hsieh SD, Tsuji H, Saito K, Shimano H, Hara S, Sone H. Effect of postmenopausal status and age at menopause on type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in Japanese individuals: Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study 17 (TOPICS 17). Diabetes Care 2013; 36:4007-14. [PMID: 24170752 PMCID: PMC3836104 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Findings on the effect of menopause or age at menopause on the presence of hyperglycemia are controversial, and why women after menopause have a higher probability of having hyperglycemia than men in the same age range remains unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We reviewed data on 29,189 men, 6,308 premenopausal women, and 4,570 postmenopausal women in Japan. Odds ratios (ORs) for diabetes or prediabetes indicated by American Diabetes Association criteria were calculated for men and for pre- and postmenopausal women. RESULTS Compared with premenopausal women, women after natural menopause had an age-adjusted OR of 1.40 (95% CI 1.03-1.89) for diabetes, and women after menopause by surgical or other causes had an age-adjusted OR of 1.59 (1.07-2.37). The age-adjusted OR in men was 4.02 (3.15-5.14). Compared with premenopausal nondiabetic women, postmenopausal nondiabetic women had a significantly elevated OR of 1.33 (1.20-1.48) for prediabetes; nondiabetic men had an OR of 1.93 (1.77-2.10) independently of age and demographic and metabolic factors. Even among women aged <50 years, postmenopausal status was significantly associated with an elevated OR (1.50 [1.18-1.91]) for dysglycemia (either diabetes or prediabetes). Postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years had a particularly elevated OR for dysglycemia, regardless of age at menopause. CONCLUSIONS The postmenopausal state was significantly associated with the presence of dysglycemia independently of normal aging, although the increased probability in postmenopausal women did not equal that in men. Among women, menopause and older age might additively influence the elevated probability of dysglycemia.
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Ryu JY, Hong S, Kim CH, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee JT, Kim DH. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Workers by Occupational Group: Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010. Ann Occup Environ Med 2013; 25:13. [PMID: 24472422 PMCID: PMC3923361 DOI: 10.1186/2052-4374-25-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased rapidly in South Korea over the past 10 years. However, the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in workers grouped according to the specific type of work is not well understood in Korea. In this study, we assessed the differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by occupational group and evaluated the risk of the metabolic syndrome among occupational groups. METHODS From the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010), 3,303 employed participants were included in this study. The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were estimated and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using the presence of the metabolic syndrome as a dependent variable, and adjusting for age, education level, household income, drinking behavior, smoking status, physical activity, work hours, and work scheduling pattern. RESULTS Among male workers, non-manual workers had the greatest age-adjusted prevalence (26.4%, 95% CI: 22.3-30.5%) among the occupational groups. In a logistic regression analysis, male manual workers had a significantly lower odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome relative to non-manual workers (0.59, 95% CI: 0.41-0.85). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by occupational group and identified the greatest risk for the metabolic syndrome in male non-manual workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875 Heaundae-ro, Haeundae-Gu, Busan 612-862, South Korea.
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Lwow F, Jedrzejuk D, Dunajska K, Milewicz A, Szmigiero L. Cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with low level of physical activity in postmenopausal Polish women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:683-6. [PMID: 23772779 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.797400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether physical activity level could have an effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Polish postmenopausal women. METHODS We studied the associations of physical activity (PA) level with obesity indices, unfavorable lipid profile parameters and the insulin resistance index HOMA in 343 postmenopausal Polish women selected from an urban population, aged 50-60. RESULTS In the tested sample, a low level of PA significantly increased odds ratios for CVD risk factors such as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), total body fat (TBF) > 75 th percentile, gynoid fat deposit (GFD) > 75 th percentile, total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5 mM, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 3 mM and HOMA ≥ 1.95. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and some metabolic CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women are directly associated with low PA level. Postmenopausal urban women should be persuaded to be physically active, as even moderate activity level seems to be sufficient to reduce the CVD risk in this group of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lwow
- Department of Health Promotion, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Jesmin S, Islam AMS, Akter S, Islam MM, Sultana SN, Yamaguchi N, Okazaki O, Moroi M, Hiroe M, Kimura S, Watanabe T, Saturo K, Mizutani T. Metabolic syndrome among pre- and post-menopausal rural women in Bangladesh: result from a population-based study. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:157. [PMID: 23597398 PMCID: PMC3639917 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of non-communicable diseases are a challenging problems among menopausal women specially in a least developed country like Bangladesh, where majority of women suffering from at least one chronic diseases after menopausal age. So, the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related risk factors in Bangladeshi pre- and post-menopausal women living in the rural setting. METHODS This study is based on a community based cross-sectional survey among 1802 rural women aged ≥15 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of NCEP-ATP III. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between menopausal status and metabolic syndrome and its components. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was presented in 25.6% respondents and it was more prevalent among post-menopausal (39.3%) as compared to pre-menopausal (16.8%) women. Logistic regression analysis reveals that prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.78 times higher in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women (P = 0.001). Prevalence of high blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, and high triglyceride were significantly higher in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women (P < 0.05). However, prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome seems to be a major health problem among post-menopausal women in many developing countries like Bangladesh and proper policy emphasis should be given on its prevention and control.
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Lwow F, Dunajska K, Milewicz A, Laczmański L, Jedrzejuk D, Trzmiel-Bira A, Szmigiero L. ADRB3 and PPARγ2 gene polymorphisms and their association with cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2012; 16:473-8. [PMID: 23113754 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.738721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of heritability to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is of interest as the identification of genes enhancing the susceptibility of individuals to CVD may help the design of clinical interventions optimized for the individual's genome. METHODS We studied the associations of polymorphism of ADRB3 and PPARγ2 genes with obesity indices, unfavorable lipid profile parameters and insulin resistance index HOMA in 343 postmenopausal women. RESULTS No association was found between tested polymorphisms and CVD risk factors such as total cholesterol ≥ 5.0 mmol/l, high density lipoprotein cholesterol < 1.2 mmol/l, low density lipoprotein cholesterol > 3.0 mmol/l and triacylglycerols > 1.7 mmol/l. The presence of arterial hypertension and HOMA value ≥ 1.95 were also not related to these polymorphisms. A significant association between PPARγ2 gene polymorphism and total body fat mass (odds ratio = 1.90 at p = 0.037) as well as android fat deposit mass (odds ratio = 1.82 at p = 0.048) was found. CONCLUSIONS CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women are not directly associated with the polymorphisms of PPARγ2 and ADRB3 genes. We suggest that some indirect link between PPARγ2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility of postmenopausal women to CVD may exist. This suggestion is based on our finding that high total body fat mass and high android fat deposits are associated with the presence of the Pro12Ala allele of the PPARγ2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lwow
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sánchez-Benito JL, Pontes Torrado Y, González Rodríguez A. La intervención de pérdida de peso conlleva una disminución significativa de la presión arterial y del colesterol. CLÍNICA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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