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Mohammadi B, Nazari Robati L, Tavakol Z, Movahhed M. Evaluation of the effect of Nigella sativa oil on the outcome of missed abortion in women: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2029. [PMID: 38633734 PMCID: PMC11022303 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Due to the concern about the side effects of chemical drugs and their ineffectiveness, the use of natural compounds as alternatives or complementary therapies has received increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on the outcome of missed abortion. Methods In this double-blind clinical trial, 70 nulliparous pregnant women referred to Hajar Hospital and Imam Ali clinics of Shahrekord and had missed abortion before the 12-week gestational age were selected and randomly divided into two interventions and control groups. The intervention group received 5 g of Nigella sativa oil alone daily for up to 3 days and the control group received a placebo. In case of nonresponse, 3 days after the last dose of medication or placebo, 800 μg of misoprostol (vaginal) were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and paired t-test were used for analytical statistics. Results According to the results, 18 cases (51.4%) in the intervention group and seven cases (20%) in the control group showed complete evacuation of uterine contents which had a significant difference (p < 0.05). The frequency of vagina physical examination and type of hemorrhage did not show any significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention. After the intervention, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was significantly decreased in the intervention group but did not change in the control group (p < 0.05). The frequency of adverse events in the intervention group was three (8.6%) and in the control group was one (2.9%) which had no significant difference. Conclusion Nigella sativa improves the outcome of missed abortion by reducing HCG and facilitating cervix dilatation and delivery of uterine contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgheis Mohammadi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar HospitalShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | | | - Zeinab Tavakol
- Community‐Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery SchoolShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Mina Movahhed
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Shawky E, Nassra RA, El-Alkamy AMT, Sallam SM, El Sohafy SM. Unraveling the mechanisms of Fenugreek seed for managing different gynecological disorders: steroidal saponins and isoflavones revealed as key bioactive metabolites. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115865. [PMID: 38000191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study employed network pharmacology-based analysis and reverse molecular docking to investigate the molecular targets and pathways associated with gynecological disorders, particularly those related to steroidal hormones and their receptors, and the potential therapeutic effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) constituents. The STITCH 5.0 database was utilized to identify potential molecular targets, and a compound-target network was constructed. The main targets associated with gynecological disorders included estrogen receptor beta (ESR2), estrogen-related receptor gamma (GPER1), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), progesterone receptor (PGR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), and several enzymes involved in sex hormone biosynthesis. Additionally, network topological analysis revealed that specific compounds, such as quercetin, luteolin, genistein, and vitexin, had significant interactions with the identified targets. Reverse molecular docking analysis confirmed the interactions between the identified compounds and target proteins where quercetin, luteolin, genistein, 4'-methylgenistein, trigoneoside IIB, diosgenin, and vitexin possessed the highest combined docking scores, indicating their multi-target nature. The results highlighted the potential of steroidal saponins, isoflavones, and flavones as active constituents of fenugreek with implications for lactation, reproductive processes, and estrogenic activity. The chemical profiling of saponin-enriched and flavonoid-enriched fractions using UPLC/MS/MS further supported the presence of these bioactive compounds. In an animal model study, the steroidal saponins-enriched fraction of fenugreek seed exhibited a significant increase in the body weight of lactating female rats and serum prolactin levels while the flavonoids-enriched fraction showed an increase in serum estradiol levels and improved the histological structure of ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Nassra
- Medical Biochemistry department, faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M T El-Alkamy
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Sallam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Samah M El Sohafy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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3
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Cheng X, Qin M, Chen R, Jia Y, Zhu Q, Chen G, Wang A, Ling B, Rong W. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.: A Promising Pharmaceutical Resource for Multiple Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:6221. [PMID: 37687049 PMCID: PMC10488440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) is widely distributed in the desert areas of the world. The fruit bodies of C. colocynthis are recognized for their wide range of nutraceutical potential, as well as medicinal and pharmaceutical uses. The plant has been reported for various uses, such as asthma, bronchitis, cancer, colic, common cold, cough, diabetes, dysentery, and jaundice. The fruit has been extensively studied for its biological activities, which include insecticide, antitumor, and antidiabetic effects. Numerous bioactive compounds have been reported in its fruit bodies, such as essential oils, fatty acids, glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Of these, flavonoids or caffeic acid derivatives are the constituents associated with the inhibition of fungal or bacterial growth, whereas eudesmane sesquiterpenes or sesquiterpene lactones are most active against insects, mites, and nematodes. In this review, the scientific evidence for the biological activity of C. colocynthis against insecticide, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic effects is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Minni Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Rongrong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Yunxia Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
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4
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Chorosho SH, Malik N, Panesar G, Kumari P, Jangra S, Kaur R, Al-Ghamdi MS, Albishi TS, Chopra H, Singh R, Murthy HCA. Phytochemicals: Alternative for Infertility Treatment and Associated Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1327562. [PMID: 37215366 PMCID: PMC10195183 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1327562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infertility and obstetric complications have become global health issues in the past few years. Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive even after twelve months or more of regular and unprotected intercourse. According to WHO data published in the year 2020, 186 million people have infertility globally. Factors leading to infertility are variable in both males and females. But some common factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and stress. Various synthetic drugs and treatment options are available that are effective in treating infertility, but their prolonged usage produces various unwanted adverse effects like hot flashes, mood swings, headaches, and weight gain. In extreme cases, these may also lead to the development of anxiety and depression. Herbal remedies have gained a lot of popularity over the years, and people's inclination toward them has increased all over the world. The prime reason is that these show significant therapeutic efficacy and have fewer side effects. The therapeutic efficacy of plants can be attributed to the presence of diverse phytochemical classes of constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, and volatile oils. These secondary metabolites, or phytomolecules, can be used to develop herbal formulations. The review highlights the applications and mechanisms of action of various phytochemicals for treating infertility. Also, it focuses on the various future prospects associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Malik
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gulsheen Panesar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita Jangra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Mariam S. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasahil S. Albishi
- Department of Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - H. C. Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1d8, Adama, Ethiopia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMAT), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Ojo OA, Nwafor-Ezeh PI, Rotimi DE, Iyobhebhe M, Ogunlakin AD, Ojo AB. Apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in infertility: A mini review. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:448-462. [PMID: 37125147 PMCID: PMC10130922 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility has been a major issue in our society for many years, and millions of couples all over the world are still experiencing it. There are several reasons for and causes of infertility in both men and women. Recent studies have shown that apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress contribute immensely to infertility. The data regarding this report were obtained through a thorough review of scientific articles published in various databases, including Elsevier, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, PhD and MSc theses were also reviewed when compiling the data. Apoptosis, also known as "programmed cell death," is a natural and harmless process that occurs in human beings. Although it can become harmful if altered, Inflammation, on the other hand, is the body's reaction to detrimental stimuli caused by toxic substances or compounds, while oxidative stress is a phenomenon that results in an imbalance between the generation and aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells against antioxidants. These three factors interchangeably bring about several reproductive disorders in the body, resulting in infertility. This review aims at discussing how apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress play a role in human infertility. Availability of data and material The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
- Correspondence to: Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo 232101, Nigeria.
| | - Pearl Ifunanya Nwafor-Ezeh
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Al-Nimri R, Akour A, Kasabri V, Al-Samydai A. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in fertility and gynaecological disorders in Jordan: a mixed-method descriptive study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study is to assess the extent of CAM use, with emphasis on herbs, in treating gynecological disorders, and their perceived efficacy and safety.
Methods
This was a mixed-method study of two parts (cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative study) of 338 women suffering from gynecological disorders during the last 3 months. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire of three parts: demographics, medical history and the CAM use patterns. Qualitative part was conducted by a 20-min verbal face-to-face interview.
Key findings
During the last 3 months, 232 (68.64%) of participants had used CAM for various gynaecological conditions, of which, 135 (58.19%) used herbal remedies. Almost half of participants have a good awareness about CAM definition, and they mainly used CAM before or concurrently with traditional medicines.
Conclusions
This study provides an overview of various CAM remedies used to treat gynaecological disorders in the Jordanian society, which would draw attention to the necessity of conducting interventional studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAM in treating gynaecological disorders, either as stand-alone or adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Al-Nimri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Ali Al-Samydai
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University , Amman , Jordan
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Eltigani SA, Eltayeb MM, Arima J, Taniguchi T, Ishihara A. Chemicals behind the use of Strombus tricornis opercula in traditional sudanese perfumery and medicine. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:396-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Dashdondov O, Wazir J, Sukhbaatar G, Mikrani R, Dorjsuren B, Aktar N, Zhou X. Herbal nutraceutical treatment of chronic prostatitis-chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a literature review. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:1515-1528. [PMID: 33907984 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most frequent form of prostatitis, and has a serious impact on patients' quality of life, and causes severe symptoms. The pain in the pelvic, perineal and penile areas, lower abdominal pain, and pain during urination or ejaculation are the main complaints of CP/CPPS. The underlying complex and unknown pathophysiology of this syndrome have made the management of CP/CPPS and the availability of monotherapy challenging. To identify an effective monotherapy, a plethora of clinical trials failed due to its puzzling etiology. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and a-blockers have been commonly used for the treatment of CP/CPPS, but the desired and complete effects have not been gotten yet. The patients and clinicians are attracted to alternative therapies because of their multi-targeted effects. Attention toward natural compounds effectiveness and safety, supporting the development of a new nutraceutical science. In the alternative remedies for the treatment of prostatic diseases, medicinal herbs, in the form of herb parts or extracts, are getting attention due to their positive effects on prostatic diseases. At present, there is no available detailed literature review about the efficacy of medicinal herbs in the treatment of CP/CPPS. This review aimed to explore the useful medicinal herbs in the treatment of CP/CPPS from different perspectives and their possible mechanism of action in managing CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochbayasakh Dashdondov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganbolor Sukhbaatar
- Center for Cancer Genomics, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Buyankhishig Dorjsuren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nasrin Aktar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, People's Republic of China. .,Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ibrahim KG, Mukonowenzou NC, Usman D, Adeshina KA, Erlwanger KH. The potential of Artemisia species for use as broad-spectrum agents in the management of metabolic syndrome: a review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:752-770. [PMID: 33569991 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1871761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, is increasing globally, there is no broad-spectrum agent for its holistic treatment. Natural plant-derived products with a wide spectrum of biological activities are currently being explored as alternatives in the management of diseases. Artemisia species are a heterozygous group of plants of the Compositae family that possess several health benefits. Here we highlight their antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidaemic, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties among others. These activities have been linked to the presence of phytochemicals that act on several molecular targets to exert their effects and the species of Artemisia are considered to be relatively safe. Artemisia species offer significant anti-MetS activity and thus are strong therapeutic candidates for the effective management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Nyasha Charity Mukonowenzou
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Dawoud Usman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy Honey Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga AF, Sharun K, Marappan G, Dhama K. Health-Promoting Activities of Nigella sativa Essential Oil. BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA) SEEDS: CHEMISTRY, TECHNOLOGY, FUNCTIONALITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2021:457-478. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Kubica P, Szopa A, Dominiak J, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Verbena officinalis (Common Vervain) - A Review on the Investigations of This Medicinally Important Plant Species. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1241-1257. [PMID: 32937665 DOI: 10.1055/a-1232-5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Verbena officinalis (common vervain) is a medicinal plant species widely distributed in the world and commonly used in folk medicine of different countries, including traditional Chinese medicine. Monographs on "Verbenae herba" have been included in the European Pharmacopoeia since 2008, and in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1995. This work presents botanical characteristics of this species. It reviews the current knowledge of its chemical composition, which is a rich source mostly of iridoids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oil. A large part of this article summarizes traditional medicinal uses and professional pharmacological in vitro and in vivo studies that prove new important applications, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective anticancer, analgesic, or anticonvulsant of verbena herb extracts and individual metabolites. Moreover, emphasis is put on the use of V. officinalis in the food and cosmetics industries, especially due to its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the presence of essential oil with an attractive fragrance composition. This paper also presents the state of biotechnological studies of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Dominiak
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Bhardwaj JK, Panchal H, Saraf P. Ameliorating Effects of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Female Infertility: a Review. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1227-1256. [PMID: 32935256 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of female infertility cases has been increasing at a frightening rate, affecting approximately 48 million women across the world. However, oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the main mediators of female infertility by causing various reproductive pathologies in females such as endometriosis, PCOS, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, and unexplained infertility. Nowadays, concerned women prefer dietary supplements with antioxidant properties over synthetic drugs as a natural way to lessen the oxidative stress and enhance their fertility. Therefore, the current review is an attempt to explore the efficacy of various natural antioxidant compounds including vitamins, carotenoids, and plant polyphenols and also of some medicinal plants in improving the fertility status of females. Our summarization of recent findings in the current article would pave the way toward the development of new possible antioxidant therapy to treat infertility in females. Natural antioxidant compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and other dietary sources, alone or in combination with other antioxidants, were found to be effective in ameliorating the oxidative stress-mediated infertility problems in both natural and assisted reproductive settings. Numerous medicinal plants showed promising results in averting the various reproductive disorders associated with female infertility, suggesting a plant-based herbal medicine to treat infertility. Although optimum levels of natural antioxidants have shown favorable results, however, their excessive intake may have adverse health impacts. Therefore, larger well-designed, dose-response studies in humans are further warranted to incorporate natural antioxidant compounds into the clinical management of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
| | - Harish Panchal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Priyanka Saraf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
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Sirotkin AV, Radosová M, Tarko A, Fabova Z, Martín-García I, Alonso F. Abatement of the Stimulatory Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Titania on Ovarian Cell Functions by Some Plants and Phytochemicals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1859. [PMID: 32957511 PMCID: PMC7558118 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles has experienced a vertiginous growth, but their interaction with food and medicinal plants in organisms, especially in the control of reproduction, remains unresolved. We examined the influence of copper nanoparticles supported on titania (CuNPs/TiO2), plant extracts (buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)), phytochemicals (rutin and apigenin), and their combination with CuNPs/TiO2 on ovarian cell functions, using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability, proliferation (PCNA accumulation), apoptosis (accumulation of bax), and hormones release (progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol) were analyzed by the Trypan blue test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. CuNPs/TiO2 increased cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone but not progesterone release, and reduced the 17β-estradiol output. Plant extracts and components have similar stimulatory action on ovarian cell functions as CuNPs/TiO2, but abated the majority of the CuNPs/TiO2 effects. This study concludes that (1) CuNPs/TiO2 can directly stimulate ovarian cell functions, promoting ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, turnover, viability, and steroid hormones release; (2) the plants buckwheat and vitex, as well as rutin and apigenin, can promote some of these ovarian functions too; and (3) these plant additives mitigate the CuNPs/TiO2's activity, something that must be considered when applied together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Monika Radosová
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Adam Tarko
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zuzana Fabova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Iris Martín-García
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo., 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo., 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
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Wazaify M, Elayeh E, Tubeileh R, Hammad EA. Assessing insomnia management in community pharmacy setting in Jordan: A simulated patient approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226076. [PMID: 31834888 PMCID: PMC6910704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is one of the most common minor ailments to which patients seek advice in a community pharmacy setting. Due to the availability of a wide variety of over-the-counter (OTC) products, community pharmacists are in the front line to safe-guard patients looking for self-medication or advice for treatment of insomnia. The purpose of this study was to assess the content of community pharmacists' interactions with patients seeking advice for insomnia in Jordan. A cross-sectional study using a simulated patient methodology was conducted across a stratified convenience sample of community pharmacies in three major cities in Jordan. The visits were evaluated using pre-defined criteria adapted from published literature relating to content and counseling skills. Visits were audio-recorded using a hidden microphone and the simulated patient completed a data collection form immediately after each visit. A total of 67 community pharmacies (response rate = 93.0%) agreed to participate and were all visited once by the simulated patient. The median duration of the visit was 2 minutes (range: 0.2-4 minutes). The majority (86.6%) of visits resulted in the sale of a drug, most commonly a combination product (paracetamol and diphenhydramine) for 30 recommendations (44.8%). This was followed by a natural plant extract combination product, namely valerian and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) for 23 (34.3%). Pharmacists often did not question medical history or other symptoms prior to product sale. Frequently, the recommended dose (49.3%) and administration time (38.8%) were the only information provided to the patient. No information was provided in relation to potential drug interactions or contraindications. No advice was offered on lifestyle or good sleeping hygiene. This study provided evidence that community pharmacists in Jordan in general did not offer adequate counseling for patients seeking advice for insomnia. Exploration of the reasons and factors contributing to this practice and highlighting professional opportunity and responsibility is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayyada Wazaify
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Elayeh
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan Tubeileh
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman A. Hammad
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Muñoz-Pérez VM, Ortiz MI, Cariño-Cortés R, Fernández-Martínez E, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Bautista-Ávila M. Preterm Birth, Inflammation and Infection: New Alternative Strategies for their Prevention. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:354-365. [PMID: 30961490 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190408112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, the progress in reducing neonatal mortality has been very slow. The rate of preterm birth has increased over the last 20 years in low-income and middle-income countries. Its association with increased mortality and morbidity is based on experimental studies and neonatal outcomes from countries with socioeconomic differences, which have considered implementing alternative healthcare strategies to prevent and reduce preterm births. METHODS Currently, there is no widely effective strategy to prevent preterm birth. Pharmacological therapies are directed at inhibiting myometrial contractions to prolong parturition. Some drugs, medicinal plants and microorganisms possess myorelaxant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that have proved useful in preventing preterm birth associated with inflammation and infection. RESULTS This review focuses on the existing literature regarding the use of different drugs, medicinal plants, and microorganisms that show promising benefits for the prevention of preterm birth associated with inflammation and infection. New alternative strategies involving the use of PDE-4 inhibitors, medicinal plants and probiotics could have a great impact on improving prenatal and neonatal outcomes and give babies the best start in life, ensuring lifelong health benefits. CONCLUSION Despite promising results from well-documented cases, only a small number of these alternative strategies have been studied in clinical trials. The development of new drugs and the use of medicinal plants and probiotics for the treatment and/or prevention of preterm birth is an area of growing interest due to their potential therapeutic benefits in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Muñoz-Pérez
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Mario I Ortiz
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mirandeli Bautista-Ávila
- Area Academica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex Hacienda la Concepcion s/n, ctra. Pachuca- Tilcuautla, Hidalgo 42060, Mexico
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Fateh AH, Mohamed Z, Chik Z, Alsalahi A, Md Zain SR, Alshawsh MA. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity effects of Verbena officinalis leaves extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:88-99. [PMID: 30738113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, Verbena officinalis L. has been used for reproductive and gynaecological purposes. However, the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of V. officinalis have not been extensively investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the in vitro mutagenicity and in vivo genotoxicity of aqueous extract of V. officinalis leaves using a modified Ames test and rat bone marrow micronucleus assay according to OECD guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro Ames test was carried out using different strains of Salmonella (TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA1535) and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA (pKM101) in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9 mixture). For micronucleus experiment, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group) were received a single oral daily dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of V. officinalis extract for three days. Negative and positive control rats were received distilled water or a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, respectively. Following dissection, femurs were collected and bone marrow cells were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa solution for micronucleus assessment. RESULTS Ames test results demonstrated that 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml of V. officinalis extract induced a significant mutagenic effect against TA100 and TA98 strains (with and without metabolic activation). Findings of the animal study showed there were no significant increase in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE) and no significant alterations in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio of treated rats as compared with their negative control. Meanwhile, significantly increased in the MNPEs was seen in the cyclophosphamide-treated group only. CONCLUSION Aqueous extract of V. officinalis has mutagenic effect against TA98 and TA100 strains as demonstrated by Ames test, however, there is no in vivo clastogenic and myelotoxic effect on bone marrow micronucleus of rats indicating that the benefits of using V. officinalis in traditional practice should outweigh risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmannan H Fateh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Zamri Chik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Abdulsamad Alsalahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rosmani Md Zain
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Waqar S, Al-Khayat MS, Khan MA. Patterns of self-medication among university students - a medical students' analysis. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2019; 12:1-3. [PMID: 30697091 PMCID: PMC6339650 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s190514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waqar
- Faculty of Medicine, St George's, University of London, London, UK,
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Pharmacological Effect of Quercetin in Hypertension and Its Potential Application in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: Review of In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7421489. [PMID: 30622610 PMCID: PMC6304490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7421489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since improving maternal and child health is a public health priority worldwide, the main aim of treatment of hypertension in pregnant women is to prevent complications during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum. In consequence, much attention is paid to the use of antihypertensive drugs that can be used safely during pregnancy. Several side effects of methyldopa, which is currently the most commonly used antihypertensive drug in pregnant women, mean that the search for an effective and safe alternative still continues. Flavonoid compounds present in medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits may be a promising source of new drugs. In this aspect, quercetin, a well-known flavonoid due to its antihypertensive action, may be considered a prototype for safe antihypertensive drugs. This review focuses on the selective activity of quercetin. Based on recent studies, a few problems were discussed, including (1) pathology of pregnancy-induced hypertension; (2) search for new pharmacological treatments of pregnancy-induced hypertension; (3) issues with the use of herbal extracts during pregnancy; (4) flavonoids as natural active chemical compounds; (5) quercetin: its action during pregnancy, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, clinical trials, and meta-analysis; (6) quercetin intake during pregnancy; (7) other natural compounds tested during pregnancy; (8) potential problems with the use of quercetin; (9) safety profile of quercetin. Various studies have shown a beneficial effect of quercetin on vascular endothelial function and its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity on cellular and tissue level. It is known that in animal models quercetin affects positively the development of embryo, fetus, and placenta. Because this flavonoid did not have teratogenic and abortive effect, it is generally recognized as safe. For this reason it should be appreciated and studied in the aspect of its potential use in the prevention and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension among women in this risk group.
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Albsoul-Younes A, Alefishat E, Farha RA, Tashman L, Hijjih E, AlKhatib R. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorders among Jordanian women. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2018; 54:348-353. [PMID: 29215138 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, associated factors, and management approaches of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in Jordanian women. DESIGN AND METHODS Three hundred premenopausal women completed a self-administered questionnaire. FINDINGS Moderate-severe PMS was reported by 29% of women, while 14% had PMDD. Younger unmarried women had the more severe condition. Herbal remedies and no medication were the most common approaches used to manage PMS/PMDD. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE High rates of PMS and PMDD found in this study highlight the need to increase awareness to this condition among health providers in order to facilitate its identification, diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Albsoul-Younes
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana Abu Farha
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lina Tashman
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Enas Hijjih
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha AlKhatib
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Moga MA, Dimienescu OG, Bălan A, Scârneciu I, Barabaș B, Pleș L. Therapeutic Approaches of Botulinum Toxin in Gynecology. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040169. [PMID: 29690530 PMCID: PMC5923335 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are produced by several anaerobic species of the genus Clostridium and, although they were originally considered lethal toxins, today they find their usefulness in the treatment of a wide range of pathologies in various medical specialties. Botulinum neurotoxin has been identified in seven different isoforms (BoNT-A, BoNT-B, BoNT-C, BoNT-D, BoNT-E, BoNT-F, and BoNT-G). Neurotoxigenic Clostridia can produce more than 40 different BoNT subtypes and, recently, a new BoNT serotype (BoNT-X) has been reported in some studies. BoNT-X has not been shown to actually be an active neurotoxin despite its catalytically active LC, so it should be described as a putative eighth serotype. The mechanism of action of the serotypes is similar: they inhibit the release of acetylcholine from the nerve endings but their therapeutically potency varies. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is the most studied serotype for therapeutic purposes. Regarding the gynecological pathology, a series of studies based on the efficiency of its use in the treatment of refractory myofascial pelvic pain, vaginism, dyspareunia, vulvodynia and overactive bladder or urinary incontinence have been reported. The current study is a review of the literature regarding the efficiency of BoNT-A in the gynecological pathology and on the long and short-term effects of its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Oana Gabriela Dimienescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Ioan Scârneciu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Barna Barabaș
- Department of Fundamental Disciplines and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Liana Pleș
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania.
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Kanchan T, Atreya A, Shekhawat RS. Cathartic Turned Bioweapon: Ricinus communis, the Castor Bean. Wilderness Environ Med 2016; 27:444-5. [PMID: 27591711 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (Drs Kanchan and Shekhawat).
| | - Alok Atreya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal (Dr Atreya)
| | - Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (Drs Kanchan and Shekhawat)
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