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Mesenchymal stem cells: A living carrier for active tumor-targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114300. [PMID: 35447165 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a living carrier for active delivery of therapeutic agents targeting tumor sites has been attempted in a wide range of studies to validate the feasibility and efficacy for tumor treatment. This approach reveals powerful tumor targeting and tumor penetration. In addition, MSCs have been confirmed to actively participate in immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, MSCs are not inert delivery vehicles but have a strong impact on the fate of tumor cells. In this review, these active properties of MSCs are addressed to highlight the advantages and challenges of using MSCs for tumor-targeted delivery. In addition, some of the latest examples of using MSCs to carry a variety of anti-tumor agents for tumor-targeted therapy are summarized. Recent technologies to improve the performance and safety of this delivery strategy will be introduced. The advances, applications, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for actively delivering drugs to tumor tissues.
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2
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To Explore the Stem Cells Homing to GBM: The Rise to the Occasion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050986. [PMID: 35625723 PMCID: PMC9138893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple efforts are currently underway to develop targeted therapeutic deliveries to the site of glioblastoma progression. The use of carriers represents advancement in the delivery of various therapeutic agents as a new approach in neuro-oncology. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) are used because of their capability in migrating and delivering therapeutic payloads to tumors. Two of the main properties that carrier cells should possess are their ability to specifically migrate from the bloodstream and low immunogenicity. In this article, we also compared the morphological and molecular features of each type of stem cell that underlie their migration capacity to glioblastoma. Thus, the major focus of the current review is on proteins and lipid molecules that are released by GBM to attract stem cells.
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Vitale E, Rossin D, Perveen S, Miletto I, Lo Iacono M, Rastaldo R, Giachino C. Silica Nanoparticle Internalization Improves Chemotactic Behaviour of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Acting on the SDF1α/CXCR4 Axis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020336. [PMID: 35203545 PMCID: PMC8961775 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-based therapy is an emerging resource in regenerative medicine. Despite the innate ability of hMSCs to migrate to sites of injury, homing of infused hMSCs to the target tissue is inefficient. It was shown that silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs), previously developed to track the stem cells after transplantation, accumulated in lysosomes leading to a transient blockage of the autophagic flux. Since CXCR4 turnover is mainly regulated by autophagy, we tested the effect of SiO2-NPs on chemotactic migration of hMSCs along the SDF1α/CXCR4 axis that plays a pivotal role in directing MSC homing to sites of injury. Our results showed that SiO2-NP internalization augmented CXCR4 surface levels. We demonstrated that SiO2-NP-dependent CXCR4 increase was transient, and it reversed at the same time as lysosomal compartment normalization. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin-A1 reproduced CXCR4 overexpression in control hMSCs confirming the direct effect of the autophagic degradation blockage on CXCR4 expression. Chemotaxis assays showed that SiO2-NPs increased hMSC migration toward SDF1α. In contrast, migration improvement was not observed in TNFα/TNFR axis, due to the proteasome-dependent TNFR regulation. Overall, our findings demonstrated that SiO2-NP internalization increases the chemotactic behaviour of hMSCs acting on the SDF1α/CXCR4 axis, unmasking a high potential to improve hMSC migration to sites of injury and therapeutic efficacy upon cell injection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.); (S.P.); (M.L.I.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.); (S.P.); (M.L.I.); (C.G.)
| | - Sadia Perveen
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.); (S.P.); (M.L.I.); (C.G.)
| | - Ivana Miletto
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Marco Lo Iacono
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.); (S.P.); (M.L.I.); (C.G.)
| | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.); (S.P.); (M.L.I.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (D.R.); (S.P.); (M.L.I.); (C.G.)
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Ghollasi M, Ghasembaglou S, Rahban D, Korani M, Motallebnezhad M, Asadi M, Zarredar H, Salimi A. Prospects for Manipulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tumor Therapy: Anti-Angiogenesis Property on the Spotlight. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:351-365. [PMID: 34456189 PMCID: PMC8611310 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between the tumor microenvironment and the tumor cells confers a condition that accelerate or decelerate the development of tumor. Of these cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to modulate the tumor cells. MSCs have been established with double functions, whereby contribute to a tumorigenic or anti-tumor setting. Clinical studies have indicated the potential of MSCs to be used as tool in treating the human cancer cells. One of the advantageous features of MSCs that make them as a well-suited tool for cancer therapy is the natural tumor-trophic migration potential. A key specification of the tumor development has been stablished to be angiogenesis. As a result, manipulation of angiogenesis has become an attractive approach for cancer therapy. This review article will seek to clarify the anti-angiogenesis strategy in modulating the MSCs to treat the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ghasembaglou
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Rahban
- Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Korani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Identification of CD8+ T Cell-Related Genes: Correlations with Immune Phenotypes and Outcomes of Liver Cancer. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9960905. [PMID: 34124275 PMCID: PMC8192185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9960905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Treatment outcomes for advanced liver cancer are poor. Immunotherapy is a treatment strategy that has been widely used to treat other cancers. Studies have shown that CD8+ T lymphocytes are essential factors affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy. We used computational biology methods to determine the coexpressed gene network that promotes CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration. Method We obtained the liver cancer gene matrix and clinical follow-up information data from TCGA liver hepatocellular carcinoma FPKM. We obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to evaluate the tumor mutation burden. The "estimate" package and the CIBERSORT algorithm were used to evaluate tumor purity and the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the liver cancer cohort. We used the gene expression matrix of liver cancer and the relative proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes as input files and performed WGCNA based on this analysis. The weighted coexpression network identified the most CD8+ T lymphocyte-related coexpression modules in liver cancer. Then, we analyzed the biological processes involved in the module. We determined the coexpression module with CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in terms of data and function. We then screened the factors in the coexpression module correlated with CD8+ T lymphocyte content greater than 0.4. Finally, the expression levels of these factors were verified at the protein level using immunohistochemistry and single-cell sequencing. Results We determined the CD8+ T lymphocyte proportions that correlated with coexpression networks. Four coexpressed genes (C1QC, CD3D, GZMA, and PSMB9) were identified as CD8+ T cell coexpression genes that promoted infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Because the factors in the coexpression network often participate in similar biological processes, we found that these factors were most related to antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen through functional enrichment. In the clinical phenotype analysis, we found that 18 factors can be used as independent prognostic protective factors. We found that these factors were significantly negatively correlated with tumor purity and negatively correlated with M2 macrophages in the immunophenotyping analysis. Using immunohistochemistry and single-cell sequencing analysis, we found that CD3D antibody staining was weaker in tumor tissues than normal tissues and was related to CD8+ T cells. Conclusion These coexpressed genes were positively related to the high infiltration proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in an antigen presentation process. The biological process might provide new directions for patients who are insensitive to immune therapy.
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In-Depth Characterization of Stromal Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment Yields Novel Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061466. [PMID: 33806802 PMCID: PMC8005121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This up-to-date and in-depth review describes fibroblast-derived cells and their role within the tumor microenvironment for tumor progression. Moreover, targets for future antitumor therapies are summarized and potential aspects for future translational research are outlined. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and possible obstacles related to certain treatment targets. Abstract Cells within the tumor stroma are essential for tumor progression. In particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and CAF precursor cells (resident fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells) are responsible for the formation of the extracellular matrix in tumor tissue. Consequently, CAFs directly and indirectly mediate inflammation, metastasis, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and the development of tumor chemoresistance, which is orchestrated by complex intercellular cytokine-mediated crosstalk. CAFs represent a strategic target in antitumor therapy but their heterogeneity hinders effective treatment regimes. In-depth understanding of CAF subpopulations and knowledge of specific functions in tumor progression will ultimately result in more specific and effective cancer treatments. This review provides a detailed description of CAFs and CAF precursor cells and summarizes possible treatment strategies as well as molecular targets of these cells in antitumor therapies.
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Lou S, Duan Y, Nie H, Cui X, Du J, Yao Y. Mesenchymal stem cells: Biological characteristics and application in disease therapy. Biochimie 2021; 185:9-21. [PMID: 33711361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells. In addition to the capacity for self-renewal and multipotential differentiation, MSCs also have the following characteristics. MSCs can exert immunomodulatory functions through interaction with innate or adaptive immune cells, MSCs with poor immunogenicity can be used for allogeneic transplantation, and MSCs can "home" to inflammation and tumour sites. Based on these biological properties, MSCs demonstrate broad clinical application prospects in the treatment of tissue injury, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, cancer and other inflammation-related diseases. In this review we describe the biological characteristics of MSCs and discuss the research advances of MSCs in regenerative medicine, immunomodulation, oncology, and COVID-19, to fully understand the range of diseases in which MSC therapy may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450018, China.
| | - Huizong Nie
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Xujie Cui
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Jialing Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Um S, Ha J, Choi SJ, Oh W, Jin HJ. Prospects for the therapeutic development of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1511-1528. [PMID: 33505598 PMCID: PMC7789129 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a primitive and abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). UCB-derived MSCs have a broad and efficient therapeutic capacity to treat various diseases and disorders. Despite the high latent self-renewal and differentiation capacity of these cells, the safety, efficacy, and yield of MSCs expanded for ex vivo clinical applications remains a concern. However, immunomodulatory effects have emerged in various disease models, exhibiting specific mechanisms of action, such as cell migration and homing, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, proliferation, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration. Herein, we review the current literature pertaining to the UCB-derived MSC application as potential treatment strategies, and discuss the concerns regarding the safety and mass production issues in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Um
- Research Team for Immune Cell Therapy, Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Jueun Ha
- Research Team for Osteoarthritis, Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jin
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Synovial Fluid Increase in Knees with Degenerative Meniscus Injury after Arthroscopic Procedures through the Endogenous Effects of CGRP and HGF. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1305-1315. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Fahmy HM, Abd El-Daim TM, Mohamed HAAENE, Mahmoud EAAEQ, Abdallah EAS, Mahmoud Hassan FEZ, Maihop DI, Amin AEAE, Mustafa ABE, Hassan FMA, Mohamed DME, Shams-Eldin EMM. Multifunctional nanoparticles in stem cell therapy for cellular treating of kidney and liver diseases. Tissue Cell 2020; 65:101371. [PMID: 32746989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review gives an overview of the mechanisms of internalization and distribution of nanoparticles in stem cells this is achieved via providing analysis of the methods used in exploring the migration routes of stem cells, and their reciprocity. In addition, exploring microenvironment target in the body, and tracking the fate of exogenously transplanted stem cells by using innovative and non-invasive techniques will also be discussed. Such techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodality tracking, optical imaging, and nuclear medicine imaging, which were designed to follow up stem cell migration. This review will explain the various distinctive strategies to enhance homing of labeled stem cells with nanoparticles into damaged hepatic and renal tissues, this purpose was obtained by inducing a specific gene into stem cells, various chemokines, and applying an external magnetic field. Also, this work illustrates how to improve nanoparticles uptake by using transfection agents or covalently binding an exogenous protein (i.e., Human immunodeficiency virus-Tat protein) or conjugating a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody or make modifications to iron coat. It contains stem cell labeling methods such as extracellular labeling and internalization approaches. Ultimately, our review indicates trails of researchers in nanoparticles utilization in stem cell therapy in both kidney and liver diseases.
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Mangogna A, Belmonte B, Agostinis C, Zacchi P, Iacopino DG, Martorana A, Rodolico V, Bonazza D, Zanconati F, Kishore U, Bulla R. Prognostic Implications of the Complement Protein C1q in Gliomas. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2366. [PMID: 31649675 PMCID: PMC6795702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the complement system in the pathophysiology of brain cancers has been recently considered in light of its well-known involvement in carcinogenesis. Complement system represents an important component of the inflammatory response, which acts as a functional bridge between the innate and adaptive immune response. C1q, the first recognition subcomponent of the complement classical pathway, has recently been shown to be involved in a range of pathophysiological functions that are not dependent on complement activation. C1q is expressed in the microenvironment of various types of human tumors, including melanoma, prostate, mesothelioma, and ovarian cancers, where it can exert a protective or a harmful effect on cancer progression. Despite local synthesis of C1q in the central nervous system, the involvement of C1q in glioma pathogenesis has been poorly investigated. We, therefore, performed a bioinformatics analysis, using Oncomine dataset and UALCAN database in order to assess whether the expression of the genes encoding for the three chains of C1q (C1qA, C1qB, and C1qC) could serve as a potential prognostic marker for gliomas. The obtained results were then validated using an independent glioma cohort from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas datasets. Our bioinformatics analysis, coupled with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy, appears to suggest a positive correlation between higher levels of C1q expression and unfavorable prognosis in a diverse grade of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Human Pathology Section, Tumour Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Martorana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Rodolico
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Moquin-Beaudry G, Colas C, Li Y, Bazin R, Guimond JV, Haddad E, Beauséjour C. The Tumor-Immune Response Is Not Compromised by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Humanized Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2735-2745. [PMID: 31578272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic uses of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged over the past decade. Yet, their effect on tumor growth remains highly debated, particularly in an immune competent environment. In this study, we wanted to investigate the impact of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) on tumor growth in humanized mice generated by the human adoptive transfer of PBMCs or the cotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and human thymic tissue (human BLT [Hu-BLT]). Our results showed that the growth and immune rejection of engineered human fibroblastic tumors was not altered by the injection of hUC-MSCs in immune-deficient or humanized mice, respectively. This was observed whether tumor cells were injected s.c. or i.v. and independently of the injection route of the hUC-MSCs. Moreover, only in Hu-BLT mice did hUC-MSCs have some effects on the tumor-immune infiltrate, yet without altering tumor growth. These results demonstrate that hUC-MSCs do not promote fibroblastic tumor growth and neither do they prevent tumor infiltration and rejection by immune cells in humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Moquin-Beaudry
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chloé Colas
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yuanyi Li
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Renée Bazin
- Direction de l'Innovation, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Héma-Québec, Quebec G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Jean V Guimond
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux, Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; and.,Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christian Beauséjour
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; .,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Zilberman-Itskovich S, Abu-Hamad R, Zarura R, Sova M, Hachmo Y, Stark M, Neuman S, Slavin S, Efrati S. Human mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate complement induced inflammatory cascade and improve renal functions in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222354. [PMID: 31513644 PMCID: PMC6741994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The primary rational for using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to rejuvenate damaged tissue is mostly based on their capacity to trans-differentiate and repair injured organs. However, previous studies have demonstrated that MSCs are beneficial even at very early stages, before differentiation and proliferation can be expected. The aim of the current study was to investigate the multifaceted immunological effects of systemically administrating MSCs in the setting of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemic-reperfusion (I/R). Methods A rat model of I/R induced AKI was used. The rats underwent a unilateral nephrectomy with simultaneously clamping the contralateral kidney for 60 minutes. Four treatment groups received intravenously, increasing doses of human MSCs and after 48 hours, the rats were sacrificed. Blood was taken to evaluate renal functions and to measure systemic inflammatory markers. Kidneys were taken for histopathologic examinations and evaluations of intra-renal complement activation and inflammatory mediators. Results Renal functions improved in U shaped dose dependent manner. Mean serum creatinine levels were 4.5, 2.9, 2.6, 1.7 and 4.1 mg/dL in I/R + placebo, I/R + 150x103 cells, I/R + 250x103 cells, I/R + 500x103 cells and I/R + 1,000x103 cells respectfully (p-values<0.05). Urea demonstrated consistent results with the same U shape improvement manner. The extensive activation of the complement system was ameliorated in the MSCs treatment groups. In addition, MSCs significantly decreased intra-renal levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. It should be noted that the highest doses of MSCs induced renal hypoxia, marked by the Hypoxy-probe staining. Conclusions The early beneficial effect of MSCs in the setting of AKI may be attributed to their immunomodulatory effects. Safe treatment with MSCs can block the deleterious activation of the complement cascade and alleviate the hazardous inflammatory mediator-related cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Zilberman-Itskovich
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramzia Abu-Hamad
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Rina Zarura
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Marina Sova
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yafit Hachmo
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Moshe Stark
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Sara Neuman
- Biotherapy International, The Center for Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy & Regenerative Medicine, Weizmann Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimon Slavin
- Biotherapy International, The Center for Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy & Regenerative Medicine, Weizmann Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Mahdavi Gorabi A, Banach M, Reiner Ž, Pirro M, Hajighasemi S, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Atherosclerosis: Prospects for Therapy via the Modulation of Inflammatory Milieu. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091413. [PMID: 31500373 PMCID: PMC6780166 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease that mainly affects the arterial intima. The disease is more prevalent in middle-age and older individuals with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and others. The beginning and development of atherosclerosis has been associated with several immune components, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, monocyte/macrophage-derived foam cells, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originate from several tissue sources of the body and have self-renewal and multipotent differentiation characteristics. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, it was shown that MSCs have a regulatory role in plasma lipid levels. In addition, MSCs have shown to have promising potential in terms of treatment strategies for several diseases, including those with an inflammatory component. In this regard, transplantation of MSCs to patients with atherosclerosis has been proposed as a novel strategy in the treatment of this disease. In this review, we summarize the current advancements regarding MSCs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb 1000, Croatia
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Saeideh Hajighasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 1531534199, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778-99191, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778-99191, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778-99191, Iran.
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15
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Javan MR, Khosrojerdi A, Moazzeni SM. New Insights Into Implementation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Therapy: Prospects for Anti-angiogenesis Treatment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:840. [PMID: 31555593 PMCID: PMC6722482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment interacts with tumor cells, establishing an atmosphere to contribute or suppress the tumor development. Among the cells which play a role in the tumor microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess the ability to orchestrate the fate of tumor cells, drawing the attention to the field. MSCs have been considered as cells with double-bladed effects, implicating either tumorigenic or anti-tumor activity. On the other side, the promising potential of MSCs in treating human cancer cells has been observed from the clinical studies. Among the beneficial characteristics of MSCs is the natural tumor-trophic migration ability, providing facility for drug delivery and, therefore, targeted treatment to detach tumor and metastatic cells. Moreover, these cells have been the target of engineering approaches, due to their easily implemented traits, in order to obtain the desired expression of anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and pro-apoptotic properties, according to the tumor type. Tumor angiogenesis is the key characteristic of tumor progression and metastasis. Manipulation of angiogenesis has become an attractive approach for cancer therapy since the introduction of the first angiogenesis inhibitor, namely bevacizumab, for metastatic colorectal cancer therapy. This review tries to conclude the approaches, with focus on anti-angiogenesis approach, in implementing the MSCs to combat against tumor cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Javan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Ullah M, Liu DD, Thakor AS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Homing: Mechanisms and Strategies for Improvement. iScience 2019; 15:421-438. [PMID: 31121468 PMCID: PMC6529790 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated for their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, owing to their ability to home damaged tissue and serve as a reservoir of growth factors and regenerative molecules. As such, clinical applications of MSCs are reliant on these cells successfully migrating to the desired tissue following their administration. Unfortunately, MSC homing is inefficient, with only a small percentage of cells reaching the target tissue following systemic administration. This attrition represents a major bottleneck in realizing the full therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies. Accordingly, a variety of strategies have been employed in the hope of improving this process. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC homing, based on a multistep model involving (1) initial tethering by selectins, (2) activation by cytokines, (3) arrest by integrins, (4) diapedesis or transmigration using matrix remodelers, and (5) extravascular migration toward chemokine gradients. We then review the various strategies that have been investigated for improving MSC homing, including genetic modification, cell surface engineering, in vitro priming of MSCs, and in particular, ultrasound techniques, which have recently gained significant interest. Contextualizing these strategies within the multistep homing model emphasizes that our ability to optimize this process hinges on our understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Moving forward, it is only with a combined effort of basic biology and translational work that the potential of MSC-based therapies can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Daniel D Liu
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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17
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Misawa MYO, Silvério Ruiz KG, Nociti FH, Albiero ML, Saito MT, Nóbrega Stipp R, Condino-Neto A, Holzhausen M, Palombo H, Villar CC. Periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate neutrophil responses via paracrine mechanisms. J Periodontol 2019; 90:747-755. [PMID: 30644104 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into distinct mesenchymal cell lineages and regulate the immune response. The aim of this study was to determine whether periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) have the ability to modulate neutrophil responses via paracrine mechanisms. METHODS CD105-enriched PDLSCs were seeded for 24 h and challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis total protein extract (PgPE) (0 or 2 ug/mL) for 3 h. Cells were then washed and further cultured for 18 h and the supernatants were collected and stored. Next, neutrophil-differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells (HL60D) were treated with PDLSCs supernatants and HL-60D activation and functional responses were determined. RESULTS PgPE treatment induced higher secretion of inflammatory markers and chemokines by PDLSCs, including RANTES, eotaxin, interferon (IFN)-γ- inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1ra (P < 0.05). HL-60D recruitment rate was increased by 4.7 ± 1.09-fold when exposed to PgPE-treated PDLSCs supernatants. PgPE-treated PDLSCs supernatants promoted a 1.78 ± 1.04-fold increase in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PMA-stimulated HL-60D, whereas PgPE-untreated PDLSCs supernatants led to a 16% reduction in intracellular ROS. In sharp contrast, neither PgPE-untreated nor PgPE-treated PDLSCs supernatants altered tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β secretion by HL-60D cells. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest an important role of PDLSCs in the recognition of P. gingivalis, paracrine recruitment and activation of antimicrobial mechanisms in innate immune cells, without interfering in cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Yuri Orita Misawa
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silvério Ruiz
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra Laino Albiero
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miki Taketomi Saito
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nóbrega Stipp
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Palombo
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cunha Villar
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Periodontics, UTHSC, San Antonio Dental School, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Yin Z, Jiang K, Li R, Dong C, Wang L. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells play critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma initiation, progression and therapy. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:178. [PMID: 30593276 PMCID: PMC6309092 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, with high morbidity, relapse and mortality rates. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be recruited to and become integral components of the HCC microenvironment and can influence tumor progression. This review discusses MSC migration to liver fibrosis and the HCC microenvironment, MSC involvement in HCC initiation and progression and the widespread application of MSCs in HCC-targeted therapy, thus clarifying the critical roles of MSCs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.,Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Keqiu Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.,Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.,Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengyong Dong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China. .,Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China. .,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China. .,Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China. .,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
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19
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Bouwens van der Vlis TAM, Kros JM, Mustafa DAM, van Wijck RTA, Ackermans L, van Hagen PM, van der Spek PJ. The complement system in glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30208949 PMCID: PMC6134703 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human complement system is represents the main effector arm of innate immunity and its ambivalent function in cancer has been subject of ongoing dispute. Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) residing in specific niches within glioblastomas (GBM) are capable of self-renewal and tumor proliferation. Recent data are indicative of the influence of the complement system on the maintenance of these cells. It appears that the role of the complement system in glial tumorigenesis, particularly its influence on GSC niches and GSC maintenance, is significant and warrants further exploration for therapeutic interventions.
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20
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Abstract
From its discovery in the late nineteenth century, as a 'complement' to the cellular immune response, the complement system has been widely affirmed as a powerful controller of innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent decades however, new roles for complement have been discovered, with multiple complement proteins now known to function in a broad array of non-immune systems. This includes during development, where complement exerts control over stem cell populations from fertilization and implantation throughout embryogenesis and beyond post-natal development. It is involved in processes as diverse as cell localisation, tissue morphogenesis, and the growth and refinement of the brain. Such physiological actions of complement have also been described in adult stem cell populations, with roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. With such a broad range of complement functions now described, it is likely that current research only describes a fraction of the full reach of complement proteins. Here, we review how complement control of physiological cell processes has been harnessed in stem cell populations throughout both development and in adult physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Hawksworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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21
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Brown S, Matta A, Erwin M, Roberts S, Gruber HE, Hanley EN, Little CB, Melrose J. Cell Clusters Are Indicative of Stem Cell Activity in the Degenerate Intervertebral Disc: Can Their Properties Be Manipulated to Improve Intrinsic Repair of the Disc? Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:147-165. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Brown
- Spinal Studies and ISTM (Keele University), Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay Matta
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Erwin
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sally Roberts
- Spinal Studies and ISTM (Keele University), Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Edward N. Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B. Little
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney. Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney. Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Somal A, Bhat IA, B I, Singh AP, Panda BSK, Desingu PA, Pandey S, Bharti MK, Pal A, Saikumar G, Chandra V, Sharma GT. Impact of Cryopreservation on Caprine Fetal Adnexa Derived Stem Cells and Its Evaluation for Growth Kinetics, Phenotypic Characterization, and Wound Healing Potential in Xenogenic Rat Model. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2186-2200. [PMID: 27966782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to know the impact of cryopreservation on caprine fetal adnexa derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the basic stem cell characteristics. Gravid caprine uteri (2-3 months) were collected from local abattoir to derive (amniotic fluid [cAF], amniotic sac [cAS], Wharton's jelly [cWJ], and cord blood [cCB]) MSCs and expanded in vitro. Cells were cryopreserved at 3rd passage (P3) using 10% DMSO. Post-thaw viability and cellular properties were assessed. Cells were expanded to determine growth kinetics, tri-lineage differentiation, localization, and molecular expression of MSCs and pluripotency markers; thereafter, these cells were transplanted in the full-thickness (2 × 2cm2 ) rat skin wound to determine their wound healing potential. The post-thaw (pt) growth kinetics study suggested that cWJ MSCs expanded more rapidly with faster population doubling time (PDT) than that of other fetal adnexa MSCs. The relative mRNA expression of surface antigens (CD73, CD90, and CD 105) and pluripotency markers (Oct4, KLF, and cMyc) was higher in cWJ MSCs in comparison to cAS, cAF, and cCB MSCs post-thaw. The percent wound contraction on 7th day was more than 50% for all the MSC-treated groups (pre and post-thaw), against 39.55% in the control group. On day 28th, 99% and more wound contraction was observed in cAF, cAF-pt, cAS-pt, cWJ, cWJ-pt, and cCB, MSCs with better scores for epithelization, neovascularization, and collagen characteristics at a non-significant level. It is concluded that these MSCs could be successfully cryopreserved without altering their stemness and wound healing properties. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2186-2200, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indu B
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj P Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Perumal A Desingu
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh K Bharti
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amar Pal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Guttula Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Guttula Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Comprehensive Screening of Cell Surface Markers Expressed by Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells Harvested at Passage 5: Potential Implications for Engraftment. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9302537. [PMID: 27956903 PMCID: PMC5124472 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9302537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have potential therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases. However, many studies report low engraftment levels, regardless of the target organ. One possible explanation could be that MSCs do not express the necessary receptors for engraftment. Indeed, MSCs appear to use a similar mechanism to leukocytes to engraft into injured organs, relying on various receptors for rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration. In this study, we conducted an extensive surface molecule screening of adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) in an attempt to shed some light on this subject. We observed that ADHLSCs lack expression of most of the costimulatory molecules tested. Furthermore, study of the adhesion molecule profile of ADHLSCs revealed that they do not express selectin ligands or LFA-1 which are, respectively, involved in the rolling process and the firm adhesion. In addition, ADHLSCs slightly express VLA-4 and lose expression of CXCR4 altogether on their surface during culture expansion. However, ADHLSCs express all the integrin couples and matrix metalloproteinases needed to bind and integrate the extracellular matrix once the endothelial barrier is crossed. Collectively, these results suggest that binding to the endothelium may be the critical weak point in the engraftment process.
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24
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Eirin A, Zhu XY, Puranik AS, Woollard JR, Tang H, Dasari S, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Comparative proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36120. [PMID: 27786293 PMCID: PMC5081562 DOI: 10.1038/srep36120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to recovery of damaged tissue. We have previously shown that porcine MSC-derived EVs transport mRNA and miRNA capable of modulating cellular pathways in recipient cells. To identify candidate factors that contribute to the therapeutic effects of porcine MSC-derived EVs, we characterized their protein cargo using proteomics. Porcine MSCs were cultured from abdominal fat, and EVs characterized for expression of typical MSC and EV markers. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis was performed and proteins classified. Functional pathway analysis was performed and five candidate proteins were validated by western blot. Proteomics analysis identified 5,469 distinct proteins in MSCs and 4,937 in EVs. The average protein expression was higher in MSCs vs. EVs. Differential expression analysis revealed 128 proteins that are selectively enriched in EVs versus MSCs, whereas 563 proteins were excluded from EVs. Proteins enriched in EVs are linked to a broad range of biological functions, including angiogenesis, blood coagulation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and regulation of inflammation. Excluded are mostly nuclear proteins, like proteins involved in nucleotide binding and RNA splicing. EVs have a selectively-enriched protein cargo with a specific biological signature that MSCs may employ for intercellular communication to facilitate tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - John R. Woollard
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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25
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Huang C, Zhao L, Gu J, Nie D, Chen Y, Zuo H, Huan W, Shi J, Chen J, Shi W. The migration and differentiation of hUC-MSCs(CXCR4/GFP) encapsulated in BDNF/chitosan scaffolds for brain tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:035004. [PMID: 27147644 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/3/035004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously developed a biomaterial scaffold that could effectively provide seed cells to a lesion cavity resulting from traumatic brain injury. However, we subsequently found that few transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are able to migrate from the scaffold to the lesion boundary. Stromal derived-cell factor-1α and its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)4 are chemotactic factors that control cell migration and stem cell recruitment to target areas. Given the low expression level of CXCR4 on the hUC-MSC membrane, lentiviral vectors were used to generate hUC-MSCs stably expressing CXCR4 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) (hUC-MSCs(CXCR4/GFP)). We constructed a scaffold in which recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was linked to chitosan scaffolds with the crosslinking agent genipin (CGB scaffold). The scaffold containing hUC-MSCs(CXCR4/GFP) was transplanted into the lesion cavity of a rat brain, providing exogenous hUC-MSCs to both lesion boundary and cavity. These results demonstrate a novel strategy for inducing tissue regeneration after traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
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De Becker A, Riet IV. Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy? World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:73-87. [PMID: 27022438 PMCID: PMC4807311 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated for use in a wide variety of clinical applications. For most of these applications, systemic delivery of the cells is preferred. However, this requires the homing and migration of MSCs to a target tissue. Although MSC homing has been described, this process does not appear to be highly efficacious because only a few cells reach the target tissue and remain there after systemic administration. This has been ascribed to low expression levels of homing molecules, the loss of expression of such molecules during expansion, and the heterogeneity of MSCs in cultures and MSC culture protocols. To overcome these limitations, different methods to improve the homing capacity of MSCs have been examined. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC homing, with a particular focus on homing to bone marrow. In addition, we summarize the strategies that have been developed to improve this process. A better understanding of MSC biology, MSC migration and homing mechanisms will allow us to prepare MSCs with optimal homing capacities. The efficacy of therapeutic applications is dependent on efficient delivery of the cells and can, therefore, only benefit from better insights into the homing mechanisms.
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Abstract
Recent advances in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapeutics include novel medical, surgical, and endoscopic treatments. Among these, stem cell therapy is still in its infancy, although multiple studies suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of stem cell therapy may reduce inflammation and tissue injury in patients with IBD. This review discusses the novel avenue of stem cell therapy and its potential role in the management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies examining the role of stem cell therapy (without conditioning and immunomodulatory regimens) in IBD. Taken together, these studies suggest a promising role for stem cell therapy in IBD although the substantial challenges, such as cost and inadequate/incomplete characterization of effect, limit their current use in clinical practice.
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Schraufstatter IU, Khaldoyanidi SK, DiScipio RG. Complement activation in the context of stem cells and tissue repair. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1090-1108. [PMID: 26435769 PMCID: PMC4591784 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i8.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement pathway is best known for its role in immune surveillance and inflammation. However, its ability of opsonizing and removing not only pathogens, but also necrotic and apoptotic cells, is a phylogenetically ancient means of initiating tissue repair. The means and mechanisms of complement-mediated tissue repair are discussed in this review. There is increasing evidence that complement activation contributes to tissue repair at several levels. These range from the chemo-attraction of stem and progenitor cells to areas of complement activation, to increased survival of various cell types in the presence of split products of complement, and to the production of trophic factors by cells activated by the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. This repair aspect of complement biology has not found sufficient appreciation until recently. The following will examine this aspect of complement biology with an emphasis on the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects. Cryobiology 2015; 71:181-97. [PMID: 26186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally isolated from bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have since been obtained from various fetal and post-natal tissues and are the focus of an increasing number of clinical trials. Because of their tremendous potential for cellular therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, it is desirable to cryopreserve and bank MSCs to increase their access and availability. A remarkable amount of research and resources have been expended towards optimizing the protocols, freezing media composition, cooling devices and storage containers, as well as developing good manufacturing practices in order to ensure that MSCs retain their therapeutic characteristics following cryopreservation and that they are safe for clinical use. Here, we first present an overview of the identification of MSCs, their tissue sources and the properties that render them suitable as a cellular therapeutic. Next, we discuss the responses of cells during freezing and focus on the traditional and novel approaches used to cryopreserve MSCs. We conclude that viable MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of freezing protocols, cryoprotectants, storage periods and temperatures. However, alterations in certain functions of MSCs following cryopreservation warrant future investigations on the recovery of cells post-thaw followed by expansion of functional cells in order to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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Schneider N, Gonçalves FDC, Pinto FO, Lopez PLDC, Araújo AB, Pfaffenseller B, Passos EP, Cirne-Lima EO, Meurer L, Lamers ML, Paz AH. Dexamethasone and azathioprine promote cytoskeletal changes and affect mesenchymal stem cell migratory behavior. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120538. [PMID: 25756665 PMCID: PMC4355407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs are commonly used to treat inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and despite a few improvements, the remission of IBD is still difficult to maintain. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as regulators of the immune response, and their viability and activation of their migratory properties are essential for successful cell therapy. However, little is known about the effects of immunosuppressant drugs used in IBD treatment on MSC behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate MSC viability, nuclear morphometry, cell polarity, F-actin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) distribution, and cell migratory properties in the presence of the immunosuppressive drugs azathioprine (AZA) and dexamethasone (DEX). After an initial characterization, MSCs were treated with DEX (10 μM) or AZA (1 μM) for 24 hrs or 7 days. Neither drug had an effect on cell viability or nuclear morphometry. However, AZA treatment induced a more elongated cell shape, while DEX was associated with a more rounded cell shape (P < 0.05) with a higher presence of ventral actin stress fibers (P < 0.05) and a decrease in protrusion stability. After 7 days of treatment, AZA improved the cell spatial trajectory (ST) and increased the migration speed (24.35%, P < 0.05, n = 4), while DEX impaired ST and migration speed after 24 hrs and 7 days of treatment (-28.69% and -25.37%, respectively; P < 0.05, n = 4). In conclusion, our data suggest that these immunosuppressive drugs each affect MSC morphology and migratory capacity differently, possibly impacting the success of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Schneider
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiany da Costa Gonçalves
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Otesbelgue Pinto
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Bergmann Araújo
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Obino Cirne-Lima
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luíse Meurer
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Morphological Sciences Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Embryology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Morphological Sciences Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have emerged as very attractive treatment options over the past decade. Stem cells are now being utilized as delivery vehicles especially in cancer therapy to deliver a number of targeted proteins and viruses. This chapter aims to shed light on numerous studies that have successfully employed these strategies to target various cancer types with a special emphasis on numerous aspects that are critical to the success of future stem cell-based therapies for cancer.
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Andreas K, Sittinger M, Ringe J. Toward in situ tissue engineering: chemokine-guided stem cell recruitment. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:483-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Derivation of human decidua-like cells from amnion and menstrual blood. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4599. [PMID: 24710473 PMCID: PMC3978502 DOI: 10.1038/srep04599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We induced differentiation of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMCs) and menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MMCs) into endometrial stroma-like cells, which could be useful for cell therapy to support embryo implantation. Interestingly, the expression patterns of surface markers were similar among AMCs, MMCs, and endometrial stromal cells. In addition, whereas treatment with estrogen and progesterone was not very effective for decidualizing AMCs and MMCs, treatment with 8-Br-cAMP prompted remarkable morphological changes in these cells as well as increased expression of decidualization markers (prolactin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1) and attenuated expression of surface markers unique to mesenchymal stem cells. These results demonstrated that bone marrow-derived stem cells, which are considered a potential source of endometrial progenitor cells, as well as AMCs and MMCs show in vitro decidualization potential, which is characteristic of endometrial stromal cells.
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Migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic Acid. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:610495. [PMID: 24757448 PMCID: PMC3976771 DOI: 10.1155/2014/610495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have great potential for cellular therapies as they can be directed to differentiate into certain lineages or to exert paracrine effects at sites of injury. The interactions between stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 play pivotal roles in the migration of MSC to injured tissues. We evaluated whether a histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) modulates the migration of cord blood (CB-) derived MSC towards SDF-1 and their proliferation and differentiation. We found that in MSC, VPA increased (i) the gene and total protein expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 and primed migration towards a low gradient of SDF-1, (ii) the gene expression of MMP-2 and secretion and activation of proMMP-2, (iii) the proliferation and gene expression of pluripotency markers SOX2 and Oct-4, and exposure to lower concentrations of VPA (≤5 mM) had no effect on their differentiation to osteocytes and chondrocytes. Thus, our study indicates that VPA enhances the migration of CB MSC towards SDF-1 by increasing the expression of CXCR4, CXCR7, and MMP-2. VPA at low concentrations may be used for ex vivo treatment of MSC to increase their recruitment to sites of injury without compromising their ability to proliferate or differentiate.
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Jacchetti E, Di Rienzo C, Meucci S, Nocchi F, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Wharton's Jelly human mesenchymal stem cell contact guidance by noisy nanotopographies. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3830. [PMID: 24452119 PMCID: PMC3899631 DOI: 10.1038/srep03830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biomaterials ensuring proper cell adhesion, polarization, migration and differentiation represents a true enabler for successful tissue-engineering applications. Surface nanostructuring was suggested as a promising method for improving cell-substrate interaction. Here, we study Wharton's Jelly human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-hMSC) interacting with nanogratings (NGs) having a controlled amount of nanotopographical noise (nTN). Our data demonstrate that unperturbed NGs induce cell polarization, alignment and migration along NG lines. The introduction of nTN dramatically modifies this behavior and leads to a marked loss of cell polarization and directional migration, even at low noise levels. High-resolution focal adhesions (FAs) imaging showed that this behavior is caused by the release of the geometrical vinculum imposed by the NGs to FA shaping and maturation. We argue that highly anisotropic nanopatterned scaffolds can be successfully exploited to drive stem cell migration in regenerative medicine protocols and discuss the impact of scaffold alterations or wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jacchetti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Di Rienzo
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Meucci
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Nocchi
- Immunohematology and Transplant Biology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Cisanello Hospital Via Paradiso 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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36
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Enhancing the migration ability of mesenchymal stromal cells by targeting the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:561098. [PMID: 24381939 PMCID: PMC3870125 DOI: 10.1155/2013/561098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated in numerous clinical trials of tissue repair and various immunological disorders based on their ability to secrete trophic factors and to modulate inflammatory responses. MSCs have been shown to migrate to sites of injury and inflammation in response to soluble mediators including the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-(SDF-)1, but during in vitro culture expansion MSCs lose surface expression of key homing receptors particularly of the SDF-1 receptor, CXCR4. Here we review studies on enhancement of SDF-1-directed migration of MSCs with the premise that their improved recruitment could translate to therapeutic benefits. We describe our studies on approaches to increase the CXCR4 expression in in vitro-expanded cord blood-derived MSCs, namely, transfection, using the commercial liposomal reagent IBAfect, chemical treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid, and exposure to recombinant complement component C1q. These methodologies will be presented in the context of other cell targeting and delivery strategies that exploit pathways involved in MSC migration. Taken together, these findings indicate that MSCs can be manipulated in vitro to enhance their in vivo recruitment and efficacy for tissue repair.
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Henrich D, Seebach C, Nau C, Basan S, Relja B, Wilhelm K, Schaible A, Frank J, Barker J, Marzi I. Establishment and characterization of the Masquelet induced membrane technique in a rat femur critical-sized defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E382-E396. [PMID: 24668794 DOI: 10.1002/term.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Masquelet induced membrane technique for reconstructing large diaphyseal defects has been shown to be a promising clinical treatment, yet relatively little is known about the cellular, histological and biochemical make-up of these membranes and how they produce this positive clinical outcome. We compared cellular make-up, histological changes and growth factor expression in membranes induced around femur bone defects and in subcutaneous pockets at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after induction, and to the periosteum. We found that membranes formed around bone defects were similar to those formed in subcutaneous pockets; however, both were significantly different from periosteum with regard to structural characteristics, location of blood vessels and overall thickness. Membranes induced at the femur defect (at 2 weeks) and in periosteum contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; STRO-1+ ) which were not found in membranes induced subcutaneously. BMP-2, TGFβ and VEGF were significantly elevated in membranes induced around femur defects in comparison to subcutaneously induced membranes, whereas SDF-1 was not detectable in membranes induced at either site. We found that osteogenic and neovascular activity had mostly subsided by 6 weeks in membranes formed at both sites. It was conclude that cellular composition and growth factor content in induced membranes depends on the location where the membrane is induced and differs from periosteum. Osteogenic and neovascular activity in the membranes is maximal between 2 and 4 weeks and subsides after 6. Based on this, better and quicker bone healing might be achieved if the PMMA cement were replaced with a bone graft earlier in the Masquelet technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany.
| | - C Seebach
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - C Nau
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - S Basan
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - B Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - K Wilhelm
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - A Schaible
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - J Frank
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - J Barker
- Frankfurt Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
| | - I Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, Germany
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38
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CXCR4 transfection of cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells with the use of cationic liposome enhances their migration toward stromal cell–derived factor-1. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:840-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Moroni L, Fornasari PM. Human mesenchymal stem cells: a bank perspective on the isolation, characterization and potential of alternative sources for the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:680-7. [PMID: 22949310 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discovery of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in different tissues is stirring up a tremendous interest as a cell source for regenerative medicine therapies. Historically, hMSCs have been always considered a sub-population of mononuclear cells present in the bone marrow (BM). Although BM-hMSCs are still nowadays considered as the most promising mesenchymal stem cell population to reach the clinics due to their capacity to differentiate into multiple tissues, hMSCs derived from other adult and fetal tissues have also demonstrated to possess similar differentiation capacities. Furthermore, different reports have highlighted a higher recurrence of hMSCs in some of these tissues as compared to BM. This offer a fascinating panorama for cell banking, since the creation of a stem cell factory could be envisioned where hMSCs are stocked and used for ad hoc clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the main findings and state of the art in hMSCs isolation, characterization, and differentiation from alternative tissue sources and we attempt to compare their potency for musculoskeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moroni
- Muscoloskeletal Tissue Bank, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
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40
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English K, Wood KJ. Mesenchymal stromal cells in transplantation rejection and tolerance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a015560. [PMID: 23637312 PMCID: PMC3633184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for cell-based immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation (SOT). In addition to immune modulation, MSCs possess proreparative properties and preclinical studies indicate that MSCs have the capacity to prolong graft survival and in some cases induce tolerance. Currently, the application of MSCs in SOT is being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials. Whereas the mechanisms of action used by MSC immunomodulation have been somewhat elucidated in vitro, the data from preclinical transplant models have been unclear. Furthermore, the optimal timing, dose, and route of administration remain to be elucidated. Importantly, MSCs have the ability to sense their environment, which may influence their function. In this article, we discuss the impact of the local microenvironment on MSCs and the mechanisms of MSC immunomodulation in the setting of SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen English
- Cellular Immunology Group, Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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41
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Sun X, Gao X, Zhou L, Sun L, Lu C. PDGF-BB-induced MT1-MMP expression regulates proliferation and invasion of mesenchymal stem cells in 3-dimensional collagen via MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1279-87. [PMID: 23415772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mobilize membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) to traffic through both 3-dimensional (3D) collagen as well as basement membrane barriers, but factors capable of regulating the expression and activity of the protease remain unidentified. Herein, we report that the MT1-MMP-dependent invasive activities of rat MSCs are controlled by PDGF-BB. Furthermore, PDGF-BB also stimulates MSC proliferation in 3D type I collagen via an MT1-MMP-dependent process that is linked to pericellular collagen degradation. PDGF-BB stimulates MT1-MMP expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in concert with ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT activation. Inhibition of ERK1/2 or PI3K/AKT activity potently suppresses both MT1-MMP-dependent invasive and proliferative activities. Basement membrane invasion is likewise stimulated by PDGF-BB in an MT1-MMP-dependent manner via ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. Taken together, these data serve to identify PDGF-BB as an important MSC agonist that controls invasive and proliferative activities via MT1-MMP-dependent processes that are regulated by the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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42
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Li Y, Liu YH, Li ZJ, Liu MY, Li YG, Jin H, Wang XL, Han WY, Suo J. Staphylococcus aureus infection of intestinal epithelial cells induces human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell migration. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have generated considerable interest in the fields of regenerative medicine, cell therapy and immune modulation. Over the past 5 years, the initial observations that MSCs could enhance regeneration and modulate immune responses have been significantly advanced and we now have a clearer picture of the effects that MSCs have on the immune system particularly in the context of inflammatory-mediated disorders. A number of mechanisms of action have been reported in MSC immunomodulation, which encompass the secretion of soluble factors, induction of anergy, apoptosis, regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. It is clear that MSCs modulate both innate and adaptive responses and evidence is now emerging that the local microenvironment is key in the activation or licensing of MSCs to become immunosuppressive. More recently, studies have suggested that MSCs have the capacity to sense their environment and have a role in pathogen clearance in conjunction with the resolution of insult or injury. This review focuses on the mechanisms of MSC immunomodulation discussing the multistep process of MSC localisation at sites of inflammation, the cross talk between MSCs and the local microenvironment as well as the subsequent mechanisms of action used to resolve inflammation.
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