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Shell AL, Jackson RA, Patel JS, Hirsh AT, Cyders MA, Stewart JC. Associations of somatic depressive symptoms with food attentional bias and eating behaviors. Appetite 2021; 167:105593. [PMID: 34246713 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) - whose key features include the reversed somatic symptoms of hyperphagia (increased appetite) and hypersomnia (increased sleep) - is a stronger predictor of future obesity than other MDD subtypes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. The present study sought to elucidate whether the individual symptoms of hyperphagia, hypersomnia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep have differential relationships with food attentional bias, emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating. This cross-sectional laboratory study involved 103 young adults without obesity (mean age = 20 years, 79% female, 26% non-White, mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2). We measured total depressive symptom severity and individual symptoms of hyperphagia, poor appetite, and disturbed sleep using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20 (SCL-20) and added an item to assess hypersomnia; food attentional bias using a Food Stroop task; and self-reported eating behaviors using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Hyperphagia was positively associated with emotional eating but negatively associated with food attentional bias. Hypersomnia was negatively associated with emotional eating. Poor appetite was negatively associated with emotional eating. Disturbed sleep was positively associated with food attentional bias and emotional eating. An aggregate of the remaining 15 depressive symptoms (SCL-15) was positively associated with emotional and restrained eating. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the direction of somatic depressive symptoms, and they set the stage for future research to identify subgroups of people with depression at greatest risk for obesity (e.g., those with hyperphagia and/or disturbed sleep) and the mechanisms responsible for this elevated risk (e.g., emotional eating).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Shell
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Rachel A Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Jay S Patel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA.
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Sa J, Cho BY, Chaput JP, Chung J, Choe S, Gazmararian JA, Shin JC, Lee CG, Navarrette G, Han T. Sex and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among U.S. college students, 2011-2015. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:413-421. [PMID: 31689167 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1679814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate sex and racial/ethnic differences in overweight and obesity in college students. Participants: A nationally representative sample of 319,342 U.S. college students (mean age = 20.4 years; 67.7% female) from Fall 2011 to Spring 2015. Methods: A secondary data analysis of multi-year cross-sectional data was performed. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine factors (e.g. cumulative grade average, year in school, and living place) associated with overweight and obesity determined from BMI calculated by self-reported height and weight. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher for both sexes in Spring 2015 than in Fall 2011. Significant differences were found in overweight and obesity by sex and race/ethnicity. Higher adjusted odds ratios for overweight and obesity were observed for men, blacks, and Hispanics (compared to whites). Asians had the lowest adjusted odds of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Intervention strategies for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity in U.S. college students should consider sex and racial/ethnic inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesin Sa
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Beom-Young Cho
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joon Chung
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siyoung Choe
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Jong Cheol Shin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Chung Gun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gabriel Navarrette
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Han
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
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Alexandrov AA, Rozanov VB, Dadaeva VA, Kotova MB, Ivanova EI, Drapkina OM. Association of smoking status and smoking intensity with general and abdominal obesity in a sample of middle-aged men. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To assess the association of smoking status and smoking intensity with general and abdominal obesity in a sample of middle-a ged men.Material and methods. This study was conducted as a part of the 32-year prospective cohort observation of males from childhood (11-12 years of age). The study included 301 (30,0%) representatives of the initial population sample aged 41-44 years. Age, anthropometric parameters, relationship of smoking status and smoking intensity with general (overweight/obesity) and abdominal obesity were analyzed.Results. Overweight/obesity were more common in former smokers (78,1%) compared with non-smokers (58,7%; p<0,01). Abdominal obesity, estimated by the waist circumference (WC), was detected more often among former (57,5%) and current smokers (50,7%), and abdominal obesity, estimated by the waist-to-hip ratio, was more common among current smokers, compared with non-smokers (37,0%; p<0,01, p<0,05 and p<0,05 respectively). A direct linear relationship was found between the intensity of current smoking and indicators of abdominal obesity in terms of waist-to-hip ratio (P for trend=0,004) and a direct linear relationship between intensity of former smoking and general obesity estimated by BMI (P for trend = 0,001), and abdominal obesity estimated by waist-tohip ratio (P for trend=0,004). The probability of developing abdominal obesity in current smokers with WC≥94,0 cm and with waist-to-hip ratio ≥0,9 was 1,8 and 2 times higher, respectively, than in non-smokers, but lower compared to former smokers. The risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in former smokers was 2,5 and 2,3 times higher, respectively, than in non-smokers. The 10-year risk of fatal CVD in nonsmokers and former smokers was lower than in current smokers (0,8% and 0,9% vs 1,8%; p<0,001 and p<0,001, respectively).Conclusion. High intensity of smoking among current smokers is associated with a higher probability of developing abdominal obesity, and in former smokers — with a higher probability of developing general and abdominal obesity. Former smokers, compared to current smokers, are at a lower risk of developing fatal cardiovascular diseases. Smoking cessation activities should be aimed at minimizing weight gain after quitting smoking and developing tobacco control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. B. Rozanov
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | - V. A. Dadaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | - M. B. Kotova
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | - E. I. Ivanova
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
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Noé-Díaz V, Salinas-Rivera E, Cruz-Pérez F, García-Gómez LA, Mandujano-Baeza E, Ortiz-Moncada G, Ramírez-Venegas A, Sansores RH. Changes on executive functions before and after quitting smoking: Pilot study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1405087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Noé-Díaz
- Department of Research in COPD and Smoking, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Tlalpan, México City, México
| | | | - Felipe Cruz-Pérez
- Programa de Residencia en Neuropsicología Clínica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán
| | - Leonor Alejandra García-Gómez
- Department of Research in COPD and Smoking, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Tlalpan, México City, México
| | - Elizabeth Mandujano-Baeza
- Programa de Residencia en Neuropsicología Clínica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán
| | | | - Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas
- Department of Research in COPD and Smoking, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Tlalpan, México City, México
| | - Raúl H. Sansores
- Department of Research in COPD and Smoking, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Tlalpan, México City, México
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Tuovinen EL, Saarni SE, Männistö S, Borodulin K, Patja K, Kinnunen TH, Kaprio J, Korhonen T. Smoking status and abdominal obesity among normal- and overweight/obese adults: Population-based FINRISK study. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:324-30. [PMID: 27486563 PMCID: PMC4959936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported direct associations of smoking with body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity. However, the interplay between them is poorly understood. Our first aim was to investigate the interaction between smoking status and BMI on abdominal obesity (waist circumference, WC). Our second aim was to examine how the association of smoking status with WC varies among normal and overweight/obese men and women. We examined 5833 participants from the National FINRISK 2007 Study. The interactions between smoking and BMI on WC were analyzed. Participants were categorized into eight groups according to BMI (normal weight vs. overweight/obese) and smoking status (never smoker, ex-smoker, occasional/light/moderate daily smoker, heavy daily smoker). The associations between each BMI/smoking status -group and WC were analyzed by multiple regressions, the normal-weight never smokers as the reference group. The smoking status by BMI-interaction on WC was significant for women, but not for men. Among the overweight/obese women, ex-smokers (β = 2.73; 1.99, 3.46) and heavy daily smokers (β = 4.90; 3.35, 6.44) had the highest estimates for WC when adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity. In comparison to never smoking overweight/obese women, the β-coefficients of ex-smokers and heavy daily smokers were significantly higher. Among men and normal weight women the β -coefficients did not significantly differ by smoking status. An interaction between smoking status and BMI on abdominal obesity was observed in women: overweight/obese heavy daily smokers were particularly vulnerable for abdominal obesity. This risk group should be targeted for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva-Liisa Tuovinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suoma E. Saarni
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital District of Southwest Finland and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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