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Sun S, Jiang G, Dong J, Xie X, Liao J, Tian Y. Photothermal hydrogels for infection control and tissue regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1389327. [PMID: 38605983 PMCID: PMC11007110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1389327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we report investigating photothermal hydrogels, innovative biomedical materials designed for infection control and tissue regeneration. These hydrogels exhibit responsiveness to near-infrared (NIR) stimulation, altering their structure and properties, which is pivotal for medical applications. Photothermal hydrogels have emerged as a significant advancement in medical materials, harnessing photothermal agents (PTAs) to respond to NIR light. This responsiveness is crucial for controlling infections and promoting tissue healing. We discuss three construction methods for preparing photothermal hydrogels, emphasizing their design and synthesis, which incorporate PTAs to achieve the desired photothermal effects. The application of these hydrogels demonstrates enhanced infection control and tissue regeneration, supported by their unique photothermal properties. Although research progress in photothermal hydrogels is promising, challenges remain. We address these issues and explore future directions to enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Sun
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyang Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Dong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Mathis BJ, Kato H, Matsuishi Y, Hiramatsu Y. Endogenous and exogenous protection from surgically induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Surg Today 2024; 54:1-13. [PMID: 36348164 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-022-02612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Surgical intervention creates reactive oxygen species through diverse molecular mechanisms, including direct stimulation of immune-mediated inflammation necessary for wound healing. However, dysregulation of redox homeostasis in surgical patients overwhelms the endogenous defense system, slowing the healing process and damaging organs. We broadly surveyed reactive oxygen species that result from surgical interventions and the endogenous and/or exogenous antioxidants that control them. This study assimilates current reports on surgical sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species along with literature reports on the effects of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in human, animal, and clinical settings. Although exogenous antioxidants are generally beneficial, endogenous antioxidant systems account for over 80% of total activity, varying based on patient age, sex, and health or co-morbidity status, especially in smokers, the diabetic, and the obese. Supplementation of exogenous compounds for support in surgical patients is thus theoretically beneficial, but a lack of persuasive clinical evidence has left this potential patient support strategy without clear guidelines. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of exogenous antioxidants in patients with compromised health statuses and pharmacokinetic profiling may increase the utility of such support in both the operating and recovery rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Affiliated Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305-8576, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yujiro Matsuishi
- Department of Neuroscience Nursing, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Radzikowska-Büchner E, Łopuszyńska I, Flieger W, Tobiasz M, Maciejewski R, Flieger J. An Overview of Recent Developments in the Management of Burn Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16357. [PMID: 38003548 PMCID: PMC10671630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 11 million people suffer from burns every year, and 180,000 die from them. A burn is a condition in which heat, chemical substances, an electrical current or other factors cause tissue damage. Burns mainly affect the skin, but can also affect deeper tissues such as bones or muscles. When burned, the skin loses its main functions, such as protection from the external environment, pathogens, evaporation and heat loss. Depending on the stage of the burn, the patient's condition and the cause of the burn, we need to choose the most appropriate treatment. Personalization and multidisciplinary collaboration are key to the successful management of burn patients. In this comprehensive review, we have collected and discussed the available treatment options, focusing on recent advances in topical treatments, wound cleansing, dressings, skin grafting, nutrition, pain and scar tissue management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Inga Łopuszyńska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Tobiasz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive Surgery and Burn Treatment, Medical University of Lublin, Krasnystawska 52 Street, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Street, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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4
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Huang H, Xin R, Li X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Tai Z, Bao L. Physical therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: Research progress and clinical application. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3417-3434. [PMID: 37095726 PMCID: PMC10502280 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most intractable complications of diabetes and is related to a number of risk factors. DFU therapy is difficult and involves long-term interdisciplinary collaboration, causing patients physical and emotional pain and increasing medical costs. With a rising number of diabetes patients, it is vital to figure out the causes and treatment techniques of DFU in a precise and complete manner, which will assist alleviate patients' suffering and decrease excessive medical expenditure. Here, we summarised the characteristics and progress of the physical therapy methods for the DFU, emphasised the important role of appropriate exercise and nutritional supplementation in the treatment of DFU, and discussed the application prospects of non-traditional physical therapy such as electrical stimulation (ES), and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of DFU based on clinical experimental records in ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- School of PharmacyBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuAnhuiChina
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PharmacyThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rujuan Xin
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaolong Li
- School of PharmacyBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuAnhuiChina
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PharmacyThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- School of PharmacyBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuAnhuiChina
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Quangang Zhu
- School of PharmacyBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuAnhuiChina
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Leilei Bao
- School of PharmacyBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuAnhuiChina
- Department of PharmacyThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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5
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Balachandran A, Siyumbwa SN, Froemming GRA, Beata MM, Małgorzata J, Lavilla CA, Billacura MP, Okechukwu PN. In Vitro Antioxidant and Fibroblast Migration Activities of Fractions Eluded from Dichloromethane Leaf Extract of Marantodes pumilum. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37374190 DOI: 10.3390/life13061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The complexity of diabetes and diabetic wound healing remains a therapeutic challenge because proper and systematic wound care and management are essential to prevent chronic microbial infection and mechanical damage to the skin. Marantodes pumilum, locally known as 'Kacip Fatimah', is an herb that has been previously reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive and antipyretic properties. The current study aims to assess the antioxidant and fibroblast cell migration activities of the fractions eluded from the dichloromethane extract of M. pumilum leaves. (2) The total antioxidant capacity of M. pumilum was assessed using the total proanthocyanidins and phosphomolybdenum assays, while DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide free radical scavenging assays were tested to determine the antioxidant potential of M. pumilum. An in vitro scratch wound assay was performed to measure the fibroblast cell migration rate using normal and insulin-resistant human dermal fibroblast cells. (3) All M. pumilum fractions exhibited good antioxidant and fibroblast cell migration activity, among which fractions A and E displayed the greatest effect. (4) M. pumilum's fibroblast migration activity could be attributed to its strong antioxidant properties along with its previously reported properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbirami Balachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stepfanie N Siyumbwa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Gabriele R A Froemming
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Morak-Młodawska Beata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Sílesia, Jagiellonska, Str. 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jeleń Małgorzata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Sílesia, Jagiellonska, Str. 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Charlie A Lavilla
- Chemistry Department, College of Science & Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Merell P Billacura
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Main Campus, Marawi City 9700, Lanao del Sur, Philippines
| | - Patrick N Okechukwu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cartwright BM, Fox SJ, Underdown MJ, Clark WA, Molnar JA. ARAG, an Antioxidant-Rich Gel, Shows Superiority to Mepilex Ag in the Treatment of Deep Partial Thickness Burns without Sacrificing Antimicrobial Efficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1176. [PMID: 37371906 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for deep tissue burns are limited, and most serve only to enhance hydration or prevent bacterial growth. This leaves burn healing dependent on slow natural processes to debride the wound and reestablish the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. Infections are well known to destabilize this process through a variety of mechanisms, most notably through increased inflammation and the resulting oxidative stress. In this study, we show that ARAG (an antioxidant-rich antimicrobial gel) can suppress the growth of multiple bacteria commonly found to infect burns (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). This inhibition is comparable to that conferred by silver ion release from burn dressings such as Mepilex-Ag. We further show, using a porcine model for deep partial-thickness burns, that ARAG allows for enhanced wound healing over Mepilex-Ag, the current standard of care. Histological findings indicate this is likely due to increased wound debridement and dampening of late inflammatory processes, leading to more balanced physiologic healing. Taken together, these findings show promise for ARAG as a superior alternative to the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Michael Cartwright
- ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Sean James Fox
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Mary Jane Underdown
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - William Andrew Clark
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Joseph Andrew Molnar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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7
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Neuroprotective Effect of α-Lipoic Acid against Aβ 25-35-Induced Damage in BV2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031168. [PMID: 36770835 PMCID: PMC9919339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significantly increasing due to the aging world population, and the currently available drug treatments cannot cure or even slow its progression. α-lipoic acid (LA) is a biological factor widely found in spinach and meat and can dissolve in both lipid and aqueous phases. In medicine, LA has been shown to reduce the symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy, acute kidney injury, cancers, and some metabolism-related diseases. This study to proves that α-lipoic acid (LA) can stabilize the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). BV2 cells were divided into control, LA, Aβ25-35, and LA + Aβ25-35 groups. Cell growth; IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SOD, GPx, CAT, ROS, NO, and iNOS secretion; Wnt-related proteins; cell apoptosis; and cell activation were examined. Here, we found that LA could effectively repress apoptosis and changes in the morphology of microglia BV2 cells activated by Aβ25-35, accompanied by the inhibition of the inflammatory response induced by Aβ25-35. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also involved in preventing Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in microglia by LA. We found an inhibitory effect of LA on microglia toxicity induced by Aβ25-35, suggesting that a combination of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances may offer a promising approach to the treatment of AD.
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8
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Luo Y, Zhou X, Liu C, Lu R, Jia M, Li P, Zhang S. Scavenging ROS and inflammation produced during treatment to enhance the wound repair efficacy of photothermal injectable hydrogel. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213096. [PMID: 36067644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels with near infrared (NIR) photothermal ability show attractive application prospects in the treatment of wound infection and promoting skin defect repair. Nevertheless, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses caused by bacterial infection and photothermal therapy (PTT) would delay tissue regeneration and wound healing. In this study, a novel NIR photothermal injectable hydrogel with anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation by incorporating α-lipoic acid modified palladium nanoparticles into calcium ions crosslinked sodium alginate hydrogel was developed. The resulting hydrogel facilitated to fill perfectly various irregular wounds, and could convert NIR light into local high-heat to kill >80 % of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Remarkably, the hydrogel exhibited excellent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which could scavenge >60 % of ROS in cells and decrease the relative expression level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β genes by 52.9 % and 53.3 % respectively. It was found that the NIR photothermal injectable hydrogel with anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation could effectively reduce ROS and inflammation caused by bacterial infection and PPT. Additionally, it could also enhance wound repair efficiency. The hydrogel is expected to be a potential wound dressing for the treatment of clinical skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Luo
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Caikun Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ruilin Lu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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SAITO K, ARIMA Y, MOROOKA M, KOBAYASHI Y, ITO R. Elucidation of Factors for Chiral Conversion of α-Lipoic Acid in Dietary Supplement. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2021.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi SAITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Yukie ARIMA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Miho MOROOKA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Yoshiyuki KOBAYASHI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Rie ITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
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10
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Lindenmann J, Smolle C, Kamolz LP, Smolle-Juettner FM, Graier WF. Survey of Molecular Mechanisms of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11754. [PMID: 34769182 PMCID: PMC8584249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than six decades, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been used for a variety of indications involving tissue repair. These indications comprise a wide range of diseases ranging from intoxications to ischemia-reperfusion injury, crush syndrome, central nervous injury, radiation-induced tissue damage, burn injury and chronic wounds. In a systematic review, the molecular mechanisms triggered by HBO described within the last two decades were compiled. They cover a wide range of pathways, including transcription, cell-to-cell contacts, structure, adhesion and transmigration, vascular signaling and response to oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy and cell death, as well as inflammatory processes. By analyzing 71 predominantly experimental publications, we established an overview of the current concepts regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HBO. We considered both the abovementioned pathways and their role in various applications and indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29/3, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christian Smolle
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29/2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (L.-P.K.)
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29/2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (L.-P.K.)
| | - Freyja Maria Smolle-Juettner
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29/3, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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11
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Sajadimajd S, Khosravifar M, Bahrami G. Anti-Diabetic Effects of Isolated Lipids from Natural Sources through Modulation of Angiogenesis. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:589-606. [PMID: 34473620 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210902121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant angiogenesis plays a fateful role in the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Lipids, as a diverse group of biomacromolecules, are able to relieve diabetes through the modulation of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE Owing to the present remarkable anti-diabetic effects with no or few side effects of lipids, the aim of this study was to assess the state-of-the-art research on anti-diabetic effects of lipids via the modulation of angiogenesis. METHODS To study the effects of lipids in diabetes via modulation of angiogenesis, we have searched the electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane. RESULTS The promising anti-diabetic effects of lipids were reported in several studies. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil (FO) were reported to significantly induce neovasculogenesis in high glucose (HG)-mediated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) neovasculogenic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Linoleic acid, mono-epoxy-tocotrienol-α (MeT3α), and ginsenoside Rg1 facilitate wound closure and vessel formation. N-Palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), omega-3 (ω3) lipids from flaxseed (FS) oil, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), lipoic acid, taurine, and zeaxanthin (Zx) are effective in diabetic retinopathy via suppression of angiogenesis. Lysophosphatidic acid, alkyl-glycerophosphate, crocin, arjunolic acid, α-lipoic acid, and FS oil are involved in the management of diabetes and its cardiac complications. Furthermore, in two clinical trials, R-(+)-lipoic acid (RLA) in combination with hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) for treatment of chronic wound healing in DM patients, as well as supplementation with DHA plus antioxidants along with intravitreal ranibizumab were investigated for its effects on diabetic macular edema. CONCLUSION Proof-of-concept studies presented here seem to well shed light on the anti-diabetic effects of lipids via modulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Sajadimajd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mina Khosravifar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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12
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The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygenation on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081210. [PMID: 34439876 PMCID: PMC8394403 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is commonly used as treatment in several diseases, such as non-healing chronic wounds, late radiation injuries and carbon monoxide poisoning. Ongoing research into HBOT has shown that preconditioning for surgery is a potential new treatment application, which may reduce complication rates and hospital stay. In this review, the effect of HBOT on oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis is investigated to better understand the potential mechanisms underlying preconditioning for surgery using HBOT. A systematic search was conducted to retrieve studies measuring markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, or angiogenesis in humans. Analysis of the included studies showed that HBOT-induced oxidative stress reduces the concentrations of pro-inflammatory acute phase proteins, interleukins and cytokines and increases growth factors and other pro-angiogenesis cytokines. Several articles only noted this surge after the first HBOT session or for a short duration after each session. The anti-inflammatory status following HBOT may be mediated by hyperoxia interfering with NF-κB and IκBα. Further research into the effect of HBOT on inflammation and angiogenesis is needed to determine the implications of these findings for clinical practice.
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13
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Pei X, Hu F, Luo F, Huang X, Li X, Xing S, Long D. The neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease in PC12 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:285-294. [PMID: 34133789 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the growth of the aging population, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased and influenced the work and daily life of AD patients, imposing a heavy burden on society and the patients' families. AD is a progressive disease with a long duration, and the pathogenesis is very complicated. Here, we found that alpha-lipoic acid (LA), an endogenous, naturally synthesized compound, could attenuate amyloid beta fragment (Aβ25-35 )-induced PC12 cell toxicity. Aβ25-35 treatment largely decreased the viability of PC12 cells, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, which were accompanied by changes in the expression of the apoptosis-related genes. Further, the Wnt pathway was inactivated, and the expression of Wnt pathway-related proteins such as Frizzled2, GSK3β, and phosphorylated GSK3β were dysregulated after Aβ25-35 treatment. LA efficiently attenuated Aβ25-35 -induced PC12 cell apoptosis and downregulated the phosphorylation-mediated degradation of β-catenin as well as GSK3β. Our results demonstrate that LA rescues Aβ25-35 -induced neurocytotoxicity through the Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Pei
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Hu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Feiya Luo
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglu Huang
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuxia Xing
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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14
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Jalilpiran Y, Hajishafiee M, Khorshidi M, Rezvani H, Mohammadi-Sartang M, Rahmani J, Mousavi SM. The effect of Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2386-2395. [PMID: 33205568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation plays an important role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, its effect, specifically, on endothelial function (EF) is unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of ALA supplementation on EF. Databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched to identify eligible publications from inception up to April 2020. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of ALA supplementation on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) levels in adults were included. The pooled results were obtained using the random-effects model and are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Five studies including six effect sizes and 300 participants were included. ALA supplementation significantly increased FMD levels by 2.36% (95% CI: 1.21-3.51; p < .001), compared with the control. Subgroup analyses suggested that the effects of ALA on FMD could be changed by age and health status of the participants. Dose-response analysis also showed that ALA dosage had a significant non-linear effect on FMD levels. The results showed that ALA supplementation appears to improve the EF. However, the role of ALA supplementation in improving other biomarkers of EF requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajishafiee
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rezvani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University and Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi-Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Mohammed MA, Gharib DM, Reyad HR, Mohamed AA, Elroby FA, Mahmoud HS. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of alpha-lipoic acid protect against valproic acid-induced liver injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:499-505. [PMID: 33275538 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most used antiepileptic drugs despite of its many adverse effects such as anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver toxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was confirmed. The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of ALA against the adverse effects of VPA. To study this, 30 white albino Wistar male rats were divided into four groups. Group I was the control group; Group II included rats that received ALA (100 mg·kg-1·day-1) orally for 14 days; Group III and Group IV included rats that received VPA (500 mg·kg-1·day-1) for 15 days intraperitoneally, but Group IV rats received ALA (100 mg·kg-1·day-1) orally for 14 days prior to VPA. Blood samples were collected and livers were excised from rats for colorimetric analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. The rats that received VPA showed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, a significant decrease of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and sirtuin 1, besides a significant increase of malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor α. Prior treatment with ALA prevented all these results; ALA protected against VPA-induced liver damage and hematological disturbance via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hoda Ramadan Reyad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Alaa Aboud Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Fadwa A Elroby
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Hoda Sayed Mahmoud
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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16
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Vajdi M, Mahmoudi-Nezhad M, Farhangi MA. An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on the effects of Alpha-Lipoic acid supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021; 93:164-177. [PMID: 33827267 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Data about the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on inflammatory markers are inconsistent. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to summarize the effects of ALA supplementation on inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and SCOPUS from inception to February 2020. Among all of the eligible studies, 20 articles were selected. The weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate the pooled effect size. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I2. Subgroup analysis was done to evaluate the potential sources of heterogeneity. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using fractional polynomial modeling. Twenty eligible studies with a total sample size of 947 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. The findings of the meta-analysis showed that ALA supplementation significantly reduced CRP (WMD: -0.69 mg/L, 95% CI: -1.13, -0.26, P=0.002), IL-6 (WMD: -1.83 pg/ml, 95% CI: -2.90, -0.76, P=0.001), and TNF-α concentrations (WMD: -0.45 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.85, -0.04, P=0.032). No evidence of departure from linearity was observed between dose and duration of the ALA supplementation on serum CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration. In subgroup analysis, ALA dosage, baseline concentrations of the parameter, sample size, and gender were considered as possible sources of heterogeneity. In summary, ALA supplementation improves inflammatory markers without any evidence of non-linear association to dose or duration of the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Jiang L, Liu B, Qi Y, Zhu L, Cui X, Liu Z. Antagonistic effects of activin A and TNF-α on the activation of L929 fibroblast cells via Smad3-independent signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20623. [PMID: 33244088 PMCID: PMC7693280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an important role in inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Both activin A and TNF-α can activate immune cells, however, the roles and relationship of them in activating fibroblasts in inflammation remain unclear. Here, this study revealed that TNF-α promoted the release of NO and IL-6 by L929 fibroblast cells, but co-treatment with activin A attenuated these effects. In contrast, activin A induced cell migration and increased the production of tissue fibrosis-related TGF-β1 and fibronectin, while TNF-α inhibited these function changes of L929 cells induced by activin A. Moreover, this study revealed that activin A and TNF-α regulated the activities of L929 cells via ERK1/2/MAPK pathway, rather than Smad3-dependent signaling pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that activin A and TNF-α exert mutually antagonistic effects on regulating fibroblasts activities, and the balance between their action may determine the process and outcome of fibroblasts-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.,Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.,Department of Scientific Research, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Linru Zhu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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18
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Cameron M, Taylor C, Lapidus J, Ramsey K, Koop D, Spain R. Gastrointestinal Tolerability and Absorption of R- Versus R,S-Lipoic Acid in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:1099-1106. [PMID: 32212340 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We compared the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability and assessed for bioequivalent absorption of R-lipoic acid (LA) in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in a single-center, double-blind, randomized crossover trial. Participants randomly assigned to formulation sequence took 600 mg of R-LA or 1200 mg of a 1:1 racemic R,S-LA mixture in single daily doses for 7 to 10 days, underwent a washout of at least 7 days, and then took the other form of LA for 7 to 10 days. At the end of each period on LA, GI symptoms were assessed with GI questions from the Monitoring of Side Effects Scale. Serum LA concentrations were measured before and 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after the first and last day's dose of each form of LA to derive an area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax ). Twenty participants enrolled (12 women; 15 secondary progressive MS, 5 primary progressive MS; mean age, 59.6 years). Two withdrew early due to symptoms while taking R,S-LA, and one withdrew early while taking R-LA. The mean GI Monitoring of Side Effects Scale score was 1.7 points lower on R-LA than on R,S-LA (P = .069), and there were fewer reports of each GI side effect when taking the R-LA than the R,S-LA (31 vs 60; P = .025). The AUC and Cmax for R-LA were bioequivalent for the 2 formulations (90% confidence intervals 97.4% to 99.3% for AUC and 93.4% to 98.2% for Cmax ). This study supports that in people with progressive MS, there is better GI tolerability and bioequivalent serum absorption of R-LA when 600 mg of R-LA is taken as R-LA alone than when taken in a 1:1 racemic R,S-LA mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cameron
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Portland Veterans Administration, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Cassidy Taylor
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Katrina Ramsey
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dennis Koop
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rebecca Spain
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Portland Veterans Administration, Portland, Oregon, USA
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19
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Rubini A. Physical mechanisms and features of the inspiratory work of breathing and the development of respiratory failure on a mechanical basis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4954.19.01853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Rahimlou M, Asadi M, Banaei Jahromi N, Mansoori A. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation effect on glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers: A Systematic Review and meta- analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 32:16-28. [PMID: 31221283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of Alpha - Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation on metabolic parameters, with conflicting results. Therefore, the present study assessed the effect of ALA on some glycemic and inflammatory parameters. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted up from inception to July 2018 on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Embase. From among eligible trials, 41 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from the included studies. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were performed to analyze the data. RESULTS Based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool, 19 articles had a good quality, 16 trials had a poor quality and 6 trials had a fair quality. The results demonstrated the significant effect of ALA on Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (weighted mean difference (WMD)) = -6.57, 95% confidence interval (CI: -11.91 to -1.23, P = 0.016), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.15, P = 0.004), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) (WMD = -1.57, 95% CI: -2.29 to -0.85, P < 0.05), Interleukin 6 levels (IL-6) (WMD = -1.15, 95% CI: -1.58 to -0.72, P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.16, P > 0.001). No effect was detected for ALA on insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ALA is a viable supplement to improve some of the glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Banaei Jahromi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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21
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Comment: Hyperbaric oxygen can induce angiogenesis and recover erectile function. Int J Impot Res 2018; 30:357-358. [PMID: 30202037 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Akbari M, Ostadmohammadi V, Tabrizi R, Mobini M, Lankarani KB, Moosazadeh M, Heydari ST, Chamani M, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z. The effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:39. [PMID: 29930690 PMCID: PMC5989440 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on the inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. Methods We searched the following databases until November 2017: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Three reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias of included primary studies. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled by using the random-effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the summary effect size. Results Eighteen trials out of 912 potential citations were found to be eligible for our meta-analysis. The findings indicated that ALA supplementation significantly decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = - 1.52; 95% CI, - 2.25, - 0.80; P < 0.001), interlokin-6 (IL-6) (SMD = - 1.96; 95% CI, - 2.60, - 1.32; P < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (TNF-α) (SMD = - 2.62; 95% CI, - 3.70, - 1.55; P < 0.001) in patients diagnosed with metabolic diseases. Conclusion In summary, the current meta-analysis demonstrated the promising impact of ALA administration on decreasing inflammatory markers such as CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α among patients with MetS and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbari
- 1Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- 2Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- 1Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Mobini
- 3Kinesiology Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Kamran B Lankarani
- 4Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- 5Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- 4Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Chamani
- 6Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Kolahdooz
- 7Indigenous and Global Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- 2Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R Iran
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23
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Gandhi J, Seyam O, Smith NL, Joshi G, Vatsia S, Khan SA. Clinical utility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in genitourinary medicine. Med Gas Res 2018; 8:29-33. [PMID: 29770194 PMCID: PMC5937301 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.229601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical technique which delivers oxygen at ambient pressures to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood and oxygen distribution to tissues. There are several beneficial properties of HBOT concomitant with elevated oxygen distribution in tissue including anti-inflammation, angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor proliferation, augmented fibroblast activity through fibroblast growth factor proliferation, tissue and wound repair, enhancement of lymphocyte and macrophage activity, increased male testosterone secretion, and bactericidal activity. Given its renown in treating conditions such as decompression sickness and carbon monoxide poisoning, HBOT is making gradual strides for use in genitourinary medicine due to its low risk and likeliness to achieve favorable results. Early success has been observed in the treatment of Fournier's gangrene, radiation cystitis, and interstitial cystitis via the elimination of clinical symptoms such as pain. Further indications that have exhibited positive outcomes despite HBOT's ambiguous mechanism of action include cyclophosphamide hemorrhagic cystitis, emphysematous cystitis, pelvic radiation disease, radiation-induced proctopathy, dystrophic calcification of the prostate, erectile dysfunction secondary to urethroplasty, priapism, abnormal renal morphology, blood testosterone, calcific uremic arteriolopathy, and hidradenitis suppurativa. For other indications, multicenter studies must be conducted to determine HBOT's true efficacy, mechanism of action, risks, and advantages over conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Omar Seyam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Gunjan Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, NY, USA
| | - Sohrab Vatsia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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24
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Tan L, Hou Z, Gao Y. Efficacy of combined treatment with vacuum sealing drainage and recombinant human epidermal growth factor for refractory wounds in the extremities and its effect on serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-2. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:288-294. [PMID: 29250151 PMCID: PMC5729703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined treatment with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) for refractory wounds in the extremities, and its effect on serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-2. Ninety-eight patients with refractory wounds in the extremities were recruited and randomly divided into the combined treatment group (underwent VSD and rhEGF treatment) and control group (underwent VSD only) with 49 cases each. Formation of granulation tissue on the wound surface was assessed and scored. The wound healing rate was calculated after 1 week of treatment, and the time of complete healing was recorded. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-2, and TNF-α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After 1 week of treatment, granulation tissue formation on wound surfaces was significantly improved (p<0.05) compared with that before treatment in both groups. Moreover, granulation tissue formation on wound surfaces was superior in the combined treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05). The wound healing rate was 63.50±4.75% in the combined treatment group and 31.79±3.52% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The time of complete healing was 15.11±2.24 days in the combined treatment group and 19.63±2.76 days in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The serum levels of IL-6, IL-2, and TNF-α, in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, the levels in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, combined treatment with VSD and rhEGF reduced inflammation and shortened the time of complete healing of refractory wounds in the extremities. Measurement of the levels of related inflammatory factors provided a reference for the prognosis of refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Traumatology Ward I, Zhangqiu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhangqiu, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Hou
- Traumatology Ward II, Laiwu Iron and Steel Group Co. Ltd. Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271126, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhi Gao
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Shengli Oilfield, Dongying, Shandong 257034, P.R. China
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25
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Fiedler SE, Yadav V, Kerns AR, Tsang C, Markwardt S, Kim E, Spain R, Bourdette D, Salinthone S. Lipoic Acid Stimulates cAMP Production in Healthy Control and Secondary Progressive MS Subjects. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6037-6049. [PMID: 29143287 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; supplementation reduces disease severity and T lymphocyte migration into the central nervous system in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and administration in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) subjects reduces brain atrophy compared to placebo. The mechanism of action (MOA) of LA's efficacy in suppression of MS pathology is incompletely understood. LA stimulates production of the immunomodulator cyclic AMP (cAMP) in vitro. To determine whether cAMP could be involved in the MOA of LA in vivo, we performed a clinical trial to examine whether LA stimulates cAMP production in healthy control and MS subjects, and whether there are differences in the bioavailability of LA between groups. We administered 1200 mg of oral LA to healthy control, relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and SPMS subjects, and measured plasma LA and cAMP levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). There were no significant differences between the groups in pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Healthy and SPMS subjects had increased cAMP at 2 and 4 h post-LA treatment compared to baseline, while RRMS subjects showed decreases in cAMP. Additionally, plasma concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, a known cAMP stimulator) were significantly lower in female RRMS subjects compared to female HC and SPMS subjects 4 h after LA ingestion. These data indicate that cAMP could be part of the MOA of LA in SPMS, and that there is a divergent response to LA in RRMS subjects that may have implications in the efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs. This clinical trial, "Defining the Anti-inflammatory Role of Lipoic Acid in Multiple Sclerosis," NCT00997438, is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00997438 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fiedler
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Vijayshree Yadav
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amelia R Kerns
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Catherine Tsang
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sheila Markwardt
- OCTRI Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rebecca Spain
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Dennis Bourdette
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sonemany Salinthone
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Mail Code R&D8, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Arena E, Cacciatore I, Cerasa LS, Turkez H, Pittalà V, Pasquinucci L, Marrazzo A, Parenti C, Di Stefano A, Prezzavento O. New bifunctional antioxidant/σ1 agonist ligands: Preliminary chemico-physical and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3149-56. [PMID: 27262426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported bifunctional sigma-1 (σ1) ligands endowed with antioxidant activity (1 and 2). In the present paper, pure enantiomers (R)-1 and (R)-2 along with the corresponding p-methoxy (6, 11), p-fluoro derivatives (7, 12) were synthesized. σ1 and σ2 affinities, antioxidant properties, and chemico-physical profiles were evaluated. Para derivatives, while maintaining strong σ1 affinity, displayed improved σ1 selectivity compared to the parent compounds 1 and 2. In vivo evaluation of compounds 1, 2, (R)-1, 7, and 12 showed σ1 agonist pharmacological profile. Chemico-physical studies revealed that amides 2, 11 and 12 were more stable than corresponding esters 1, 6 and 7 under our experimental conditions. Antioxidant properties were exhibited by fluoro derivatives 7 and 12 being able to increase total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Our results underline that p-substituents have an important role on σ1 selectivity, TAC, chemical and enzymatic stabilities. In particular, our data suggest that new very selective compounds 7 and 12 could be promising tools to investigate the disorders in which σ1 receptor dysfunction and oxidative stress are contemporarily involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Arena
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura S Cerasa
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Deming Y, Xia J, Cai Y, Lord J, Holmans P, Bertelsen S, Holtzman D, Morris JC, Bales K, Pickering EH, Kauwe J, Goate A, Cruchaga C. A potential endophenotype for Alzheimer's disease: cerebrospinal fluid clusterin. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 37:208.e1-208.e9. [PMID: 26545630 PMCID: PMC5118651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have associated clusterin (CLU) variants with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of CLU on AD pathogenesis is not totally understood. We used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma CLU levels as endophenotypes for genetic studies to understand the role of CLU in AD. CSF, but not plasma, CLU levels were significantly associated with AD status and CSF tau/amyloid-beta ratio, and highly correlated with CSF apolipoprotein E (APOE) levels. Several loci showed almost genome-wide significant associations including LINC00917 (p = 3.98 × 10(-7)) and interleukin 6 (IL6, p = 9.94 × 10(-6), in the entire data set and in the APOE ε4- individuals p = 7.40 × 10(-8)). Gene ontology analyses suggest that CSF CLU levels may be associated with wound healing and immune response which supports previous functional studies that demonstrated an association between CLU and IL6. CLU may play a role in AD by influencing immune system changes that have been observed in AD or by disrupting healing after neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yefei Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenny Lord
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Holmans
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly Bales
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Eve H Pickering
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - John Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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28
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Hussein SA, Hassanein MRR, Amin A, Hussein AHM. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects Rat Kidney Against Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Lead. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbmb.2016.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Han G, Ma L, Guo Y, Li L, Li D, Liu H. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy palliates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats by upregulating AQP1 and AQP5 expression. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:444-9. [PMID: 26317897 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1064189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been suggested to palliate acute lung injury (ALI), but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study is to elucidate the involvement of AQP1 and AQP5 in the HBO related ALI therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administrated into SD rats to obtain ALI models. Pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in arterial blood and oxygenation index in rats after LPS and HBO treatments were determined. Pathological changes of the lungs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alteration of TNF-α level during LPS and HBO treatments was evaluated with ELISA analysis. Western blot was employed to assess the expression of AQP1 and AQP5. RESULTS Blood gas indexes were largely decreased by LPS administration, which responded to HBO. Pathological examination showed that the inflammation symptoms in lungs induced by LPS were also palliated after HBO preconditioning. LPS induced the expression of TNF-α at a high level which could be downregulated by HBO and TNF-α antagonist treatments. Results of AQP1 and AQP5 determination found that HBO and TNF-α antagonist would upregulate the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 which was inhibited in rats with ALI. CONCLUSIONS HBO therapy palliated LPS-induced ALI in rats by downregulating TNF-α expression. HBO also upregulated AQP1 and AQP5 expression. These results could serve as guidelines for the full understanding of ALI therapy by HBO, thus achieving maximized therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Han
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Ling Ma
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Yao Guo
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Lu Li
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Dan Li
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
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