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Ramos C, Cañedo-Mondragón R, Becerril C, González-Ávila G, Esquivel AL, Torres-Machorro AL, Montaño M. Short-Term Exposure to Wood Smoke Increases the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Gelatinases, and TIMPs in Guinea Pigs. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090227. [PMID: 34564378 PMCID: PMC8473192 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollutants in wildfire smoke and indoor pollution causes lung diseases. Short-term exposure to wood smoke (WS) is partially known to alter the expression of human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammatory cytokines, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Accordingly, we investigated the effect of exposing guinea pigs to WS for two and four three-hour periods on different days. The daily content of particles reported by indoor pollution was produced by 60 g of pinewood. We analyzed the cell profile and collagen content in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL). The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and TIMPs was studied in lung tissue. Cytokines and gelatinolytic activity were analyzed in BAL and serum. The results showed that total cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and collagen increased in BAL, whereas neutrophils and lymphocytes decreased. TGF-β1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were upregulated in lungs, downregulating IL-12. TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were increased in BAL and serum, decreasing IL-12. Gelatinase activity was increased in serum. Thus, guinea pigs exposed to short-term domestic doses of WS overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and TIMPs. These results are similar to ECM remodeling and pulmonary and systemic inflammation reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.R.); (R.C.-M.); (C.B.); (A.L.T.-M.)
| | - Rebeca Cañedo-Mondragón
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.R.); (R.C.-M.); (C.B.); (A.L.T.-M.)
| | - Carina Becerril
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.R.); (R.C.-M.); (C.B.); (A.L.T.-M.)
| | - Georgina González-Ávila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ana Laura Esquivel
- Departmento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Unidad Xochimilco (UAM-X), Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Ana Lilia Torres-Machorro
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.R.); (R.C.-M.); (C.B.); (A.L.T.-M.)
| | - Martha Montaño
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.R.); (R.C.-M.); (C.B.); (A.L.T.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5487-1700 (ext. 5257)
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Xue T, Chun-Li A. Role of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression in an immunosuppressed rat Pneumocystis pneumonia model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3133-3142. [PMID: 32256801 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii), an opportunistic fungal pathogen, is the primary cause of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), which affects immunocompromised individuals and leads to high morbidity and mortality. P. jirovecii colonization is associated with development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with HIV infection, and also non-sufferers, and in primate models of HIV infection. However, the mechanisms underlying P. jirovecii infection in the pathogenesis of COPD have yet to be fully elucidated. To investigate the pathogenicity of P. jirovecii infection and its role in COPD development, the present study established a PCP rat model induced by dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection. Expression of COPD-related biomarkers, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-12, and heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), were quantified in the rat PCP model using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and gelatin zymography. Body weight, COPD symptoms, and pulmonary histopathology were assessed. Inflammatory cell counts in splenic tissues were measured using flow cytometry. It was identified that MMP and HSP-27 expression increased in the PCP rats, which was in agreement with previous literature. Therefore, it was hypothesized that P. jirovecii infection may have an important role in COPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - An Chun-Li
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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Resistin as a Prooxidant Factor and Predictor of Endothelium Damage in Patients with Mild Acute Pancreatitis Exposed to Tobacco Smoke Xenobiotics. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3039765. [PMID: 29081601 PMCID: PMC5634610 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3039765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study was aimed to assess the influence of tobacco smoke exposure on the intensity of inflammation measured by IL-6, α1-antitripsin (AAT) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations, and Cd level and oxidative stress intensity measured by advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) concentration in the blood of healthy subjects and AP patients during hospitalization. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and resistin concentrations, markers of endothelium injury, were determined. Results An increased IL-6 concentration in healthy smokers compared to nonsmokers and AP patients compared to controls was shown. An increased AAT and AGP concentrations during hospitalization of AP patients were noted, in both smokers (AAT, AGP) and nonsmokers (AAT). In comparison to control groups, in AP patients, a 2-fold increased resistin concentration correlating with ET-1 concentration and decreased albumin concentration accompanied by increased AOPP concentration were demonstrated. AOPP concentration was higher in smokers with AP compared to nonsmokers and gradually enhanced during their hospitalization. Conclusions Tobacco smoke exposure can have a proinflammatory effect in both healthy subjects and AP patients. Increased resistin concentration in AP patients negatively correlating with albumin concentration has prooxidative effect on this protein resulting in enhanced AOPP level. Increased resistin concentration can intensify AAT and AGP production during AP.
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Montaño M, Pérez-Ramos J, Esquivel A, Rivera-Rosales R, González-Avila G, Becerril C, Checa M, Ramos C. Obesity decreases the oxidant stress induced by tobacco smoke in a rat model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:544-553. [PMID: 27470987 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1211208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and emphysema are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidant stress. Assuming that the oxidant stress induced by emphysema would be decreased by obesity, we analyzed the oxidant/antioxidant state in a rat model combining both diseases simultaneously. Obesity was induced using sucrose, while emphysema by exposure to tobacco smoke. End-points evaluated were: body weight, abdominal fat, plasma dyslipidemia and malondialdehyde (MDA), insulin and glucose AUC, activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); lung MnSOD and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunostaining, and expression of αV and β6 integrin subunits. In rats with obesity, the body weight, abdominal fat, plasma triglyceride levels, glucose AUC, insulin levels, GST activity, and αV and β6 integrin expressions were amplified. The rats with emphysema had lower values of body weight, abdominal fat, plasma insulin, triglycerides and glucose AUC but higher values of plasma MDA, GPx activity, and the lung expression of the αV and β6 integrins. The combination of obesity and emphysema compared to either condition alone led to diminished body weight, abdominal fat, plasma insulin MDA levels, GPx and GST activities, and αV and β6 integrin expressions; these parameters were all previously increased by obesity. Immunostaining for MnSOD augmented in all experimental groups, but the staining for 3-NT only increased in rats treated with tobacco alone or combined with sucrose. Results showed that obesity reduces oxidant stress and integrin expression, increasing antioxidant enzyme activities; these changes seem to partly contribute to a protective mechanism of obesity against emphysema development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Montaño
- a Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar , Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas , México , Mexico
| | - J Pérez-Ramos
- b Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco , México , Mexico
| | - A Esquivel
- b Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco , México , Mexico
| | - R Rivera-Rosales
- c Departamento de Patología , Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas , México , Mexico
| | - G González-Avila
- d Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas , Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER) , México , Mexico
| | - C Becerril
- a Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar , Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas , México , Mexico
| | - M Checa
- a Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar , Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas , México , Mexico
| | - C Ramos
- a Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar , Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas , México , Mexico
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Checa M, Hagood JS, Velazquez-Cruz R, Ruiz V, García-De-Alba C, Rangel-Escareño C, Urrea F, Becerril C, Montaño M, García-Trejo S, Cisneros Lira J, Aquino-Gálvez A, Pardo A, Selman M. Cigarette Smoke Enhances the Expression of Profibrotic Molecules in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150383. [PMID: 26934369 PMCID: PMC4775036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal disease of unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence indicates that it may result from an aberrant activation of alveolar epithelium, which induces the expansion of the fibroblast population, their differentiation to myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. The mechanisms that activate the alveolar epithelium are unknown, but several studies indicate that smoking is the main environmental risk factor for the development of IPF. In this study we explored the effect of cigarette smoke on the gene expression profile and signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells. Lung epithelial cell line from human (A549), was exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 1, 3, and 5 weeks at 1, 5 and 10% and gene expression was evaluated by complete transcriptome microarrays. Signaling networks were analyzed with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. At 5 weeks of exposure, alveolar epithelial cells acquired a fibroblast-like phenotype. At this time, gene expression profile revealed a significant increase of more than 1000 genes and deregulation of canonical signaling pathways such as TGF-β and Wnt. Several profibrotic genes involved in EMT were over-expressed, and incomplete EMT was observed in these cells, and corroborated in mouse (MLE-12) and rat (RLE-6TN) epithelial cells. The secretion of activated TGF-β1 increased in cells exposed to cigarette smoke, which decreased when the integrin alpha v gene was silenced. These findings suggest that the exposure of alveolar epithelial cells to CSE induces the expression and release of a variety of profibrotic genes, and the activation of TGF-β1, which may explain at least partially, the increased risk of developing IPF in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Checa
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - James S. Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Victor Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina García-De-Alba
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Francisco Urrea
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carina Becerril
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martha Montaño
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Semiramis García-Trejo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Cisneros Lira
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
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