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Elmansy AM, Hannora DM, Khalifa HK. Serum glucose/potassium ratio as an indicator of early and delayed outcomes of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae168. [PMID: 39381599 PMCID: PMC11457236 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major health problem associated with a high rate of severe morbidity and mortality. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the serum glucose/potassium (Glu/K) ratio as a quick predictor of both early and delayed unfavorable outcomes following acute CO poisoning. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study included 136 patients with acute CO poisoning admitted at Tanta Poison Control Center, Egypt, between January 2023 and June 2024. The serum Glu/K ratio was calculated for all patients. The primary outcome was a prediction of mortality. Secondary outcomes were the prediction of delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) within six months after CO exposure, the need for mechanical ventilation, and the need for hyperbaric oxygen. A receiver operating curve analysis was applied to test the performance of the Glu/K ratio in predicting acute CO poisoning outcomes. RESULTS The mortality rate was 12.5% of patients with acute CO poisoning. Meanwhile, 14.7% of patients developed DNS. Furthermore, mechanical ventilation was required in 16.9% of patients. An elevated Glu/K ratio was significantly associated with the severity of acute CO poisoning. At a cut-off value of >31.62, the Glu/K ratio demonstrated an AUC of 0.649 for predicting mortality. The Glu/K ratio was employed to predict DNS at a cut-off value of 33.10, with a sensitivity of 60.0%, a specificity of 82.76%, and an AUC of 0.692. CONCLUSIONS Early Glu/K ratio may be an effective, reliable, and convenient laboratory predictor of mortality, DNS, and the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimma Mahmoud Elmansy
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical colleges campus, 6 Floor, Al-Geish Street, Tanta University, Tanta, Elgharbya, 31527, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mustafa Hannora
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical colleges campus, Al-Geish Street, Tanta University, Tanta, Elgharbya, 31527, Egypt
| | - Heba K Khalifa
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical colleges campus, 6 Floor, Al-Geish Street, Tanta University, Tanta, Elgharbya, 31527, Egypt
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Zhang M, Jiesisibieke ZL, Wei HS, Chen PE, Chien CW, Tao P, Tung TH. Increased Long-Term Risk of Dementia in Patients With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:321-328. [PMID: 38695039 PMCID: PMC11065530 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning increases the incidence of dementia. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE from inception to 14 August 2022. Two authors independently selected studies, assessed the quality of included studies, and extracted data. Any disagreement was resolved by discussion with a third author. Only cohort study with an enough follow-up period was included for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty-three full texts were initially searched, but only three studies met our inclusion criteria, and they were comprised of 134,563 participants who were initially free of dementia. The follow-up period ranged from 9 to 12 years. We found that CO poisoning increased the risk of dementia incidence (adjusted hazard ratio 2.61, 95% confidence interval 1.56 to 4.36, p=0.0003). Subgroup analysis showed that the increased dementia risk was significant in males but not in females, and the highest risk was in young age group, followed by in middle age group, but not in the old one. CONCLUSION Overall the evidence from prospective cohort studies supported a link between CO exposure and an increased dementia risk, although all the included studies were limited to Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Zhang
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ho-Shan Wei
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-En Chen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Association of Health Industry Management and Development, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chien
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Tao
- Department of Medical Affairs and Planning, Section of Medical Fees Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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3
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Huang CC, Chen TH, Ho CH, Chen YC, Chen RJ, Wang YJ, Hsu CC, Lin HJ, Wang JJ, Chang CP, Guo HR. Risks of Developing Diabetes and Hyperglycemic Crisis Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Study Incorporating Epidemiologic Analysis and Animal Experiment. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1265-1279. [PMID: 36345392 PMCID: PMC9636896 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s380990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may damage the pancreas, but the effects of CO poisoning on the development of diabetes and on existing diabetes remain unclear. We conducted a study incorporating data from epidemiologic analyses and animal experiments to clarify these issues. Methods Using the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan, we identified CO poisoning patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2016 (CO poisoning cohort) together with references without CO poisoning who were matched by age, sex, and index date at a 1:3 ratio. We followed participants until 2017 and compared the risks of diabetes and hyperglycemic crisis between two cohorts using Cox proportional hazards regressions. In addition, a rat model was used to assess glucose and insulin levels in blood as well as pathological changes in the pancreas and hypothalamus following CO poisoning. Results Among participants without diabetes history, 29,141 in the CO poisoning cohort had a higher risk for developing diabetes than the 87,423 in the comparison cohort after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.28). Among participants with diabetes history, 2302 in the CO poisoning cohort had a higher risk for developing hyperglycemic crisis than the 6906 in participants without CO poisoning (AHR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.52–2.96). In the rat model, CO poisoning led to increased glucose and decreased insulin in blood and damages to pancreas and hypothalamus. Conclusion Our epidemiological study revealed that CO poisoning increased the risks of diabetes and hyperglycemic crisis, which might be attributable to damages in the pancreas and hypothalamus as shown in the animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Correspondence: Chien-Cheng Huang, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, 710, Taiwan, Tel +886-6-281-2811, Fax +886-6-281-6161, Email
| | - Tzu-Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Information Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan,Occupational Safety, Health and Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan,How-Ran Guo, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Daxue Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Tel +886-6-235-3535, Fax +886-6-275-2484, Email
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Role of Dopamine Transporter in the Relationship Between Plasma Cortisol and Cognition. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:685-694. [PMID: 35472074 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortisol is associated with cognition in both healthy individuals and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Regarding the effects of cortisol on the dopamine system and the association between dopamine transporter (DAT) and cognition, DAT might be a central target linking cortisol and cognition. This study explored the role of striatal DAT in the cortisol-cognition relationship. METHODS We recruited 33 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent cognitive assessments of attention, memory, and executive function. Single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-TRODAT was used to determine striatal DAT availability. Plasma cortisol, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-10 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with carbon monoxide poisoning had lower cognitive performance, bilateral striatal DAT availability, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α levels and higher cortisol and interleukin-10 levels. In all participants, plasma cortisol level and bilateral striatal DAT availability were negatively and positively related to cognition, respectively, including memory and executive function with β from -0.361 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.633 to -0.090) to 0.588 (95% CI = 0.319 to 0.858). Moreover, bilateral striatal DAT mediated the cortisol-cognition relationship with indirect effects from -0.067 (95% CI = -0.179 to -0.001) to -0.135 (95% CI = -0.295 to -0.024). The cytokine levels did not influence the mediation effects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that striatal DAT mediates the cortisol-cognition relationship. Future studies are needed to comprehensively evaluate the role of the dopamine system in cortisol-cognition associations and treatment implications.
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Martani L, Giovanniello A, Bosco G, Cantadori L, Calissi F, Furfaro D, Pedrazzini M, Vaschetto R, Camporesi EM, Paganini M. Delayed Neurological Sequelae Successfully Treated with Adjuvant, Prolonged Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Review and Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095300. [PMID: 35564694 PMCID: PMC9104642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO) intoxication is still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in many countries. Due to the problematic detection in the environment and subtle symptoms, CO intoxication usually goes unrecognized, and both normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments are frequently administered with delay. Current knowledge is mainly focused on acute intoxication, while Delayed Neurological Sequelae (DNS) are neglected, especially their treatment. This work details the cases of two patients presenting a few weeks after CO intoxication with severe neurological impairment and a characteristic diffused demyelination at the brain magnetic resonance imaging, posing the diagnosis of DNS. After prolonged treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, combined with intravenous corticosteroids and rehabilitation, the clinical and radiological features of DNS disappeared, and the patients' neurological status returned to normal. Such rare cases should reinforce a thorough clinical follow-up for CO intoxication victims and promote high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Martani
- Vaio Hospital, 43036 Fidenza, Italy; (L.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Gerardo Bosco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Cantadori
- Vaio Hospital, 43036 Fidenza, Italy; (L.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | | | | | - Rosanna Vaschetto
- Department of Translational Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | | | - Matteo Paganini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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The Value of Neutrophil:Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet:Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Clinical Severity in Children with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:1121-1126. [PMID: 33725287 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the values of neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet:lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) with carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and lactate levels in children with acute CO intoxication. METHODS In this retrospective study, the patients were divided into two groups: mild-to-moderate carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) (COHb 10%-20%) and severe COP (COHb > 20%) according to the COHb levels in the application. All patients were compared in terms of NLR, PLR, and MPV parameters according to the severity of poisoning and the high lactate levels (≥ 2.2 mmol/L). RESULTS A total of 261 children with COP were included in the study. The number of patients with mild-to-moderate COP was 183 (70.1%), and the number of patients with severe COP was 78 (29.9%). NLR [2.57 (3.27), 1.65 (1.93), (p = 0.001)] and PLR [123.0 (88.24), 92.8 (54.1), (p = 0.001)] values of mild-to-moderate COP were statistically significantly lower than the severe COP group. In the group with high lactate level, PLR values were significantly lower [120.1 (71.9), 100.2 (85.4), (p = 0.017)]. NLR and PLR values were found to be predictive of severe COP. CONCLUSION NLR and PLR can be used for detection of clinical severity in patients with COP. PLR can be used in conjunction with lactate levels to detect tissue-level exposure in patients with COP.
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Carbon monoxide related deaths in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A forensic carboxyhemoglobin autopsy-based study. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Ning K, Zhou YY, Zhang N, Sun XJ, Liu WW, Han CH. Neurocognitive sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Med Gas Res 2021; 10:30-36. [PMID: 32189667 PMCID: PMC7871936 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.279981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been the leading cause of poisoning mortality in many countries and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is a widely accepted treatment for CO poisoning. However, some patients with CO poisoning will still develop neurocognitive sequelae regardless of HBO therapy, which can persist since CO poisoning or be present days to weeks after a recovery from CO poisoning. HBO has been used in the prevention and treatment of neurocognitive sequelae after CO poisoning, and some mechanisms are also proposed for the potential neuroprotective effects of HBO on the neurocognitive impairment after CO poisoning, but there is still controversy on the effectiveness of HBO on neurocognitive sequelae after CO poisoning. In this paper, we briefly introduce the neurocognitive sequelae after CO poisoning, summarize the potential predictive factors of neurocognitive sequelae, and discuss the use of HBO in the treatment and prevention of neurocognitive sequelae after CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Hong Han
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated No 1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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Simonsen C, Magnusdottir SO, Andreasen JJ, Wimmer R, Rasmussen BS, Kjaergaard B, Maltesen RG. Metabolic changes during carbon monoxide poisoning: An experimental study. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5191-5201. [PMID: 33949122 PMCID: PMC8178256 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is the leading cause of death by poisoning worldwide. The aim was to explore the effects of mild and severe poisoning on blood gas parameters and metabolites. Eleven pigs were exposed to CO intoxication and had blood collected before and during poisoning. Mild CO poisoning (carboxyhaemoglobin, COHb 35.2 ± 7.9%) was achieved at 32 ± 13 minutes, and severe poisoning (69.3 ± 10.2% COHb) at 64 ± 23 minutes from baseline (2.9 ± 0.5% COHb). Blood gas parameters and metabolites were measured on a blood gas analyser and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, respectively. Unsupervised principal component, analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation tests were applied. A P-value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. Mild poisoning resulted in a 28.4% drop in oxyhaemoglobin (OHb) and 12-fold increase in COHb, while severe poisoning in a 65% drop in OHb and 24-fold increase in COHb. Among others, metabolites implicated in regulation of metabolic acidosis (lactate, P < .0001), energy balance (pyruvate, P < .0001; 3-hydroxybutyrc acid, P = .01), respiration (citrate, P = .007; succinate, P = .0003; fumarate, P < .0001), lipid metabolism (glycerol, P = .002; choline, P = .0002) and antioxidant-oxidant balance (glutathione, P = .03; hypoxanthine, P < .0001) were altered, especially during severe poisoning. Our study adds new insights into the deranged metabolism of CO poisoning and leads the way for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Simonsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sigriður Olga Magnusdottir
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Biomedical Research Laboratory, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Jesper Andreasen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bodil Steen Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pulmonary Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Benedict Kjaergaard
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Biomedical Research Laboratory, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Raluca Georgiana Maltesen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pulmonary Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Kim H, Choi S, Park E, Yoon E, Min Y, Lampotang S. Serum markers and development of delayed neuropsychological sequelae after acute carbon monoxide poisoning: anion gap, lactate, osmolarity, S100B protein, and interleukin-6. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2018; 5:185-191. [PMID: 30269454 PMCID: PMC6166038 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.17.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Reliable biomarkers of delayed neuropsychological sequelae (DNS) after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are lacking. This study investigated the associations between potential serum markers and the development of DNS after acute CO poisoning. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were conducted for patients diagnosed with acute CO poisoning during a 28-month period. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of having developed DNS. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of DNS after CO poisoning. Results Of a total of 102 patients, 10 (9.8%) developed DNS. The levels of serum osmolarity, S100B protein, and serum lactate, as well as serum anion gap, were statistically significant in univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that anion gap (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.88), serum lactate level (AOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.75), and serum S100B protein level ([AOR, 7.02×105; 95% CI, 4.56×102 to 9.00×1010] in model 1, [AOR, 3.69×105; 95% CI, 2.49×102 to 2.71×1011] in model 2) were independently associated with DNS development. Conclusion Based on our preliminary results, serum lactate level, serum anion gap, and serum S100B protein level in the emergency department could be informative predictors of DNS development in patients with acute CO poisoning. These markers might have the potential to improve early recognition of DNS in patients with acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukhoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sangchun Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Center for Safety, Simulation & Advanced Learning Technologies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eunjung Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunhui Yoon
- Center for Safety, Simulation & Advanced Learning Technologies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Younggi Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Samsun Lampotang
- Center for Safety, Simulation & Advanced Learning Technologies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Risk of Myocardial Infarction After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 19:147-155. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Anoxia-Hypoxia in Forensic Neuropsychological Assessment: Cognitive Impact of Pulmonary Injuries, Respiratory Distress, Cerebral Blood Hypoperfusion, and Major Surgeries. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-018-9319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The respiratory and central nervous systems are intimately connected. Ventilatory control is strictly regulated by central mechanisms in a complex process that involves central and peripheral chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, the cardiovascular system, and specific areas of the brain responsible for autonomic control. Disorders of the lung and respiratory system can interfere with these mechanisms and temporarily or permanently disrupt this complex network resulting in mild to severe neurological sequelae. This article explores the wide variety of neurological problems resulting from respiratory dysfunction, with emphasis on its pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and long-term outcome.
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Lai CY, Huang YW, Tseng CH, Lin CL, Sung FC, Kao CH. Patients With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Subsequent Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2418. [PMID: 26735545 PMCID: PMC4706265 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the dementia risk after carbon monoxide poisoning (CO poisoning). Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, a total of 9041 adults newly diagnosed with CO poisoning from 2000 to 2011 were identified as the CO poisoning cohort. Four-fold (N = 36,160) of non-CO poisoning insured people were randomly selected as controls, frequency-matched by age, sex, and hospitalization year. Incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of dementia were measured by the end 2011. The dementia incidence was 1.6-fold higher in the CO exposed cohort than in the non-exposed cohort (15.2 vs 9.76 per 10,000 person-years; n = 62 vs 174) with an adjusted HR of 1.50 (95% CI = 1.11-2.04). The sex- and age-specific hazards were higher in male patients (adjusted HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.20-2.54), and those aged <= 49 years (adjusted HR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.38-4.99). CO exposed patients with 7-day or longer hospital stay had an adjusted HR of 2.18 (95% CI = 1.42, 3.36). The CO poisoning patients on hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy had an adjusted HR of 1.80 (95% CI = 0.96-3.37). This study suggests that CO poisoning may have association with the risk of developing dementia, which is significant for severe cases. The effectiveness of HBO2 therapy remains unclear in preventing dementia. Patients with CO poisoning are more prevalent with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Lai
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung (C-YL); Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Department of Community Medicine, E-DA Hospital and I-Shou University Kaohsiung (Y-WH), Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital (C-HT), Management Office for Health Data China Medical University Hospital (C-LL), College of Medicine (C-LL), Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine (C-HK), Department of Health Services Administration (F-CS); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HK)
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Mori K, Beppu T, Fujisawa Y, Onodera M, Ogasawara K, Sasaki M, Ehara S, Sakai A, Endo S. Effect of free radical scavenger, edaravone, for patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 139:56-61. [PMID: 26368269 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic neurological symptoms after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are caused by various biological processes in the damaged brain, with free radicals playing roles as mediators in establishing pathological processes leading to chronic neurological symptoms under CO poisoning. This study aimed to clarify the effects of a free radical scavenger, edaravone, in patients with CO poisoning. METHODS We retrospectively compared two groups comprising patients treated with hyperbaric oxygenation alone (Group A, n=25) or edaravone in addition to hyperbaric oxygenation (Group B, n=25). Edaravone was administrated intravenously at 30 mg every 12h for 7 days. Patient characteristics, general conditions on admission, and frequency of chronic neurological symptoms were compared between groups. Among patients showing chronic neurological symptoms, cognitive function and daily activity were also compared between groups. RESULTS No significant differences in characteristics or general conditions on admission were identified between groups. In Group B, no patients presented with marked complications caused by edaravone. Although chronic persisting symptoms were less frequent in Group B (n=1, 0.04%) than in Group A (n=5, 20%), this difference was not significant. In the 11 patients showing chronic symptoms, scores for cognitive function and daily activity in the chronic phase were better in Group B than in Group A, but no significant differences were apparent. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that edaravone represents a tolerable and feasible treatment for CO-poisoned patients. Further studies are needed to clarify whether edaravone can favorably influence chronic neurological symptoms caused by CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Mori
- Iwate Prefectural Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Beppu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan; Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Fujisawa
- Iwate Prefectural Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Morioka, Japan
| | - Makoto Onodera
- Iwate Prefectural Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ehara
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University, Japan
| | - Akio Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shigeatsu Endo
- Iwate Prefectural Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Morioka, Japan
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Roderique JD, Josef CS, Feldman MJ, Spiess BD. A modern literature review of carbon monoxide poisoning theories, therapies, and potential targets for therapy advancement. Toxicology 2015; 334:45-58. [PMID: 25997893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The first descriptions of carbon monoxide (CO) and its toxic nature appeared in the literature over 100 years ago in separate publications by Drs. Douglas and Haldane. Both men ascribed the deleterious effects of this newly discovered gas to its strong interaction with hemoglobin. Since then the adverse sequelae of CO poisoning has been almost universally attributed to hypoxic injury secondary to CO occupation of oxygen binding sites on hemoglobin. Despite a mounting body of literature suggesting other mechanisms of injury, this pathophysiology and its associated oxygen centric therapies persists. This review attempts to elucidate the remarkably complex nature of CO as a gasotransmitter. While CO's affinity for hemoglobin remains undisputed, new research suggests that its role in nitric oxide release, reactive oxygen species formation, and its direct action on ion channels is much more significant. In the course of understanding the multifaceted character of this simple molecule it becomes apparent that current oxygen based therapies meant to displace CO from hemoglobin may be insufficient and possibly harmful. Approaching CO as a complex gasotransmitter will help guide understanding of the complex and poorly understood sequelae and illuminate potentials for new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Roderique
- Department of Anesthesiology, VCU School of Medicine Sanger Hall, Rm B1-016, 1101 East Marshall Street, P.O. Box 980695, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Christopher S Josef
- Department of Anesthesiology, VCU School of Medicine Sanger Hall, Rm B1-016, 1101 East Marshall Street, P.O. Box 980695, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Michael J Feldman
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Critical Care Hospital 8th floor, 1213 East Clay St, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Bruce D Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, VCU School of Medicine Sanger Hall, Rm B1-016, 1101 East Marshall Street, P.O. Box 980695, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
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Ku CH, Hung HM, Leong WC, Chen HH, Lin JL, Huang WH, Yang HY, Weng CH, Lin CM, Lee SH, Wang IK, Liang CC, Chang CT, Lin WR, Yen TH. Outcome of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning at a far-east poison center. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118995. [PMID: 25745854 PMCID: PMC4352004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in Taiwan are due to burning charcoal. Nevertheless, few reports have analyzed the mortality rate of these patients who survive to reach a hospital and die despite intensive treatment. Therefore, this study examined the clinical features, physiological markers, and outcomes after carbon monoxide poisoning and the associations between these findings. METHODS We analyzed the records of 261 patients who were referred for management of carbon monoxide intoxication between 2000 and 2010. Patients were grouped according to status at discharge as alive (survivor, n = 242) or dead (non-survivor, n = 19). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and mortality data were obtained for analysis. RESULTS Approximately half of the cases (49.4%) attempted suicide by burning charcoal. Most of the patients were middle-aged adults (33±19 years), and were referred to our hospital in a relatively short period of time (6±10 hours). Carbon monoxide produced many serious complications after exposure: fever (26.1%), hypothermia (9.6%), respiratory failure (34.1%), shock (8.4%), myocardial infarction (8.0%), gastrointestinal upset (34.9%), hepatitis (18.4%), renal failure (25.3%), coma (18.0%) and rhabdomyolysis (21.8%). Furthermore, the non-survivors suffered greater incidences of hypothermia (P<0.001), respiratory failure (P<0.001), shock (P<0.001), hepatitis ((P=0.016), renal failure (P=0.003), coma (P<0.001) than survivors. All patients were treated with high concentration of oxygen therapy using non-rebreather mask. However, hyperbaric oxygen therapy was only used in 18.8% of the patients. In a multivariate-Cox-regression model, it was revealed that shock status was a significant predictor for mortality after carbon monoxide poisoning (OR 8.696, 95% CI 2.053-37.370, P=0.003). Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that patients with shock suffered greater cumulative mortality than without shock (Log-rank test, Chi-square 147.404, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The mortality rate for medically treated carbon monoxide-poisoned patients at our center was 7.3%. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that shock was most strongly associated with higher risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsuan Ku
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Min Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wa Cheong Leong
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ja-Liang Lin
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Weng
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Che-Min Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Hua Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Liang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiz-Tzung Chang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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19
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Jurič DM, Finderle Ž, Šuput D, Brvar M. The effectiveness of oxygen therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning is pressure- and time-dependent: a study on cultured astrocytes. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:16-23. [PMID: 25562542 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning causes neuronal and glial apoptosis that can result in delayed neurological symptoms. The damage of brain cells can be prevented by oxygen therapy. Based on the central role of astrocytes in maintaining neuronal function and viability we investigated the toxic effects of 3000ppm CO in air followed by 24h of normoxia and evaluated the possible protective influence of 100% normobaric oxygen or 100% oxygen at a pressure of 3bar (hyperbaric) against CO poisoning in these cells. CO/normoxia caused a progressive decline of viability, increase in reactive oxygen species and decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP levels in cultured rat astrocytes. Increased caspase-9, caspase-8 and calpain activity converged in activation of caspase-3/7. 1h treatment with oxygen disclosed pressure- and time-dependent efficacy in restoring astrocytic mitochondrial function and the prevention of apoptosis. The protective effect was most evident when the astrocytes were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen, but not normobaric oxygen, 1-5h after exposure to CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damijana M Jurič
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Žarko Finderle
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miran Brvar
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Poison Control Centre, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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20
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, nonirritant gas that accounts for numerous cases of CO poisoning every year from a variety of sources of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. These include poorly functioning heating systems, indoor propane-powered forklifts, indoor burning of charcoal burning briquettes, riding in the back of pick-up trucks, ice skating rinks using propane-powered resurfacing machines, and gasoline-powered generators that are not in correct locations. Once CO is inhaled it binds with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) with an affinity 200 times greater than oxygen that leads to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity and decreased release of oxygen to tissues leading to tissue hypoxia. Ischemia occurs with CO poisoning when there is loss of consciousness that is accompanied by hypotension and ischemia in the arterial border zones of the brain. Besides binding to many heme-containing proteins, CO disrupts oxidative metabolism leading to the formation of free radicals. Once hypotension and unconsciousness occur with CO poisoning, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis follow. Because COHb has a short half-life, examination of other biomarkers of CO neurotoxicity that reflect inflammation or neuronal damage has not demonstrated consistent results. The initial symptoms with CO exposure when COHb is 15-30% are nonspecific, namely, headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and impaired manual dexterity. However individuals with ischemic heart disease may experience chest pain and decreased exercise duration at COHb levels between 1% and 9%. COHb levels between 30% and 70% lead to loss of consciousness and eventually death. Following resolution of acute symptoms there may be a lucid interval of 2-40 days before the development of delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS), with diffuse demyelination in the brain accompanied by lethargy, behavior changes, forgetfulness, memory loss, and parkinsonian features. Seventy-five percent of patients with DNS recover within 1 year. Neuropsychologic abnormalities with chronic CO exposure are found even when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are normal. White-matter damage in the centrum semiovale and periventricular area and abnormalities in the globus pallidus are most commonly seen on MRI following CO exposure. Though not as common, toxic or ischemic peripheral neuropathies are associated with CO exposure in humans and animals. The cornerstone for treatment for CO poisoning is 100% oxygen using a tight-fitting mask for greater than 6 hours. The indications for treatment with hyperbaric oxygen to decrease the half-life of COHb remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit L Bleecker
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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21
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Park EJ, Min YG, Kim GW, Cho JP, Maeng WJ, Choi SC. Pathophysiology of brain injuries in acute carbon monoxide poisoning: A novel hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:186-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Xu J, Yang M, Kosterin P, Salzberg BM, Milovanova TN, Bhopale VM, Thom SR. Carbon monoxide inhalation increases microparticles causing vascular and CNS dysfunction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:410-7. [PMID: 24090814 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that circulating microparticles (MPs) play a role in pro-inflammatory effects associated with carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation. Mice exposed for 1h to 100 ppm CO or more exhibit increases in circulating MPs derived from a variety of vascular cells as well as neutrophil activation. Tissue injury was quantified as 2000 kDa dextran leakage from vessels and as neutrophil sequestration in the brain and skeletal muscle; and central nervous system nerve dysfunction was documented as broadening of the neurohypophysial action potential (AP). Indices of injury occurred following exposures to 1000 ppm for 1h or to 1000 ppm for 40 min followed by 3000 ppm for 20 min. MPs were implicated in causing injuries because infusing the surfactant MP lytic agent, polyethylene glycol telomere B (PEGtB) abrogated elevations in MPs, vascular leak, neutrophil sequestration and AP prolongation. These manifestations of tissue injury also did not occur in mice lacking myeloperoxidase. Vascular leakage and AP prolongation were produced in naïve mice infused with MPs that had been obtained from CO poisoned mice, but this did not occur with MPs obtained from control mice. We conclude that CO poisoning triggers elevations of MPs that activate neutrophils which subsequently cause tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death as a result of unintentional poisoning in the United States. CO toxicity is the result of a combination of tissue hypoxia-ischemia secondary to carboxyhemoglobin formation and direct CO-mediated damage at a cellular level. Presenting symptoms are mostly nonspecific and depend on the duration of exposure and levels of CO. Diagnosis is made by prompt measurement of carboxyhemoglobin levels. Treatment consists of the patient's removal from the source of exposure and the immediate administration of 100% supplemental oxygen in addition to aggressive supportive measures. The use of hyperbaric oxygen is controversial.
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Hampson NB, Piantadosi CA, Thom SR, Weaver LK. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:1095-101. [PMID: 23087025 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1284ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is common in modern society, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in the United States annually. Over the past two decades, sufficient information has been published about carbon monoxide poisoning in the medical literature to draw firm conclusions about many aspects of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical management of the syndrome, along with evidence-based recommendations for optimal clinical practice. This article provides clinical practice guidance to the pulmonary and critical care community regarding the diagnosis, management, and prevention of acute CO poisoning. The article represents the consensus opinion of four recognized content experts in the field. Supporting data were drawn from the published, peer-reviewed literature on CO poisoning, placing emphasis on selecting studies that most closely mirror clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Hampson
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, H4-CHM, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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25
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Intoxication au monoxyde de carbone et place de l’oxygénothérapie hyperbare. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-011-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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26
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Hydrogen-rich saline reduces delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:765-9. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318206bf44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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