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Wang J, Li M, Zhang J, Gao Q, Ding Z, Sun J. Paliperidone alleviates MK-801-induced damage to prefrontal cortical neurons via the PP2A/PTEN pathway. J Affect Disord 2022; 317:265-277. [PMID: 36031001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The putative mechanisms underlying the efficacy of the US Food and Drug Administration-approved antipsychotic drug paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia deserve additional investigation, which is the aim of the present animal study. METHODS The behavioral activities of mice were recorded in the open field test and light-dark box test. The effects of paliperidone on MK-801-induced neuronal damage in the prefrontal cortex were tested by flow cytometry, TUNEL staining assays, and ROS staining assays. The neuroprotective effects of paliperidone on neural dendrites and synapses were evaluated using Golgi staining and Sholl analysis. An adenovirus vector containing a Ca2+ indicator was used to monitor the calcium ion concentration in the prefrontal cortex. The expression levels of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were investigated using Western blotting. RESULTS The data showed that MK-801 caused stereotyped behavior in mice and induced synaptic damage and dendritic spine impairment compared with the control, whereas paliperidone ameliorated these changes. Moreover, paliperidone reversed MK-801-induced decreases in PP2A and PTEN levels in prefrontal cortical neurons. Furthermore, in primary cultured cortical neurons and HT-22 cells, paliperidone inhibited cell apoptosis caused by MK-801. In particular, pretreatment with the PP2A inhibitor LB-100 significantly restrained the protective effects of paliperidone on MK-801-treated neurons and on locomotor activity and stereotypical behavior of mice. LIMITATIONS Whether other proteins are involved in this pathway and how the pathway works have not been revealed. CONCLUSION Our data show that paliperidone alleviates neuronal damage induced by MK-801 via the PP2A/PTEN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhaoxi Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Ho W, Kolla NJ. The endocannabinoid system in borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder: A scoping review. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2022; 40:331-350. [PMID: 35575169 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are overrepresented in forensic settings. Yet, despite the burden these disorders place on healthcare and criminal justice systems, there remains a lack of evidence-based pharmacological treatments. Epidemiological data have shown that comorbid cannabis use disorders are common in BPD and ASPD. ∆9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, is an exogenous cannabinoid that stimulates the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Hence, an investigation of the ECS in these conditions is warranted. This scoping review screened 105 records and summarized the extant research on the ECS in ASPD (n = 69) and BPD (n = 61) participants. Preliminary results suggest that alterations of the ECS may be present in these disorders. Although research examining the ECS in personality disorders is still in its infancy, more research is warranted given initial positive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Ho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
- Waypoint/University of Toronto Research Chair in Forensic Mental Health Science, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
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3
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Dinesh AA, Islam J, Khan J, Turkheimer F, Vernon AC. Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs: Cross Talk Between the Nervous and Innate Immune System. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:1229-1251. [PMID: 32975758 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that activation of microglia (innate immune cells in the central nervous system [CNS]) is present in a subset of patients with schizophrenia. The extent to which antipsychotic drug treatment contributes to or combats this effect remains unclear. To address this question, we reviewed the literature for evidence that antipsychotic exposure influences brain microglia as indexed by in vivo neuroimaging and post-mortem studies in patients with schizophrenia and experimental animal models. We found no clear evidence from clinical studies for an effect of antipsychotics on either translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand binding (an in vivo neuroimaging measure of putative gliosis) or markers of brain microglia in post-mortem studies. In experimental animals, where drug and illness effects may be differentiated, we also found no clear evidence for consistent effects of antipsychotic drugs on TSPO radioligand binding. By contrast, we found evidence that chronic antipsychotic exposure may influence central microglia density and morphology. However, these effects were dependent on the dose and duration of drug exposure and whether an immune stimulus was present or not. In the latter case, antipsychotics were generally reported to suppress expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and microglia activation. No clear conclusions could be drawn with regard to any effect of antipsychotics on brain microglia from current clinical data. There is evidence to suggest that antipsychotic drugs influence brain microglia in experimental animals, including possible anti-inflammatory actions. However, we lack detailed information on how these drugs influence brain microglia function at the molecular level. The clinical relevance of the animal data with regard to beneficial treatment effects and detrimental side effects of antipsychotic drugs also remains unknown, and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Anna Dinesh
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juned Islam
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javad Khan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, United Kingdom.
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Rodrigues MS, Ferreira C, Dias C, Pliássova A, Souza L, Ledo A, Laranjinha J, Cunha RA, Köfalvi A. An optimized spectrophotometric assay reveals increased activity of enzymes involved in 2-arachidonoyl glycerol turnover in the cerebral cortex of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 55:1051-1062. [PMID: 32813905 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in a plethora of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is technically challenging to assess the turnover of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), the principal endocannabinoid molecule in the brain. Two recent studies showed that diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα), an enzyme chiefly responsible for the cerebral production of 2-AG, also accepts the surrogate chromogenic substrate 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (4-NPB). Here, we aimed to optimize this spectrophotometric assay for ex vivo brain tissue, in particular, rat cerebrocortical homogenates, to measure the activity of the major enzymes responsible for the production and degradation of 2-AG. The initial velocity of 4-NPB hydrolysis was dependent on protein, substrate, and Ca2+ concentrations, and was sensitive to the non-selective serine hydrolase inhibitor, methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, the DAGLα inhibitors, OMDM188, tetrahydrolipstatin, and RHC80267, as well as the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor, JZL184, respectively. Next, we tested the usefulness of this assay in ex vivo brain tissue of rat models of human health conditions known to affect cerebrocortical 2-AG production, i.e. pathological stress and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). In rats submitted to chronic restraint stress, cortical CB1 R density was significantly decreased, as assessed with radioligand binding. Nevertheless, 4-NPB hydrolysis remained at control levels. However, in rats 4 weeks after intracerebroventricular injection with streptozotocin - an established model of sporadic AD -, both CB1 R levels and 4-NPB hydrolysis and its DAGL- and MAGL-dependent fractions were significantly increased. Altogether, we optimized a simple complementary ex vivo technique for the quantification of DAGL and MAGL activity in brain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde S Rodrigues
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cândida Dias
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anna Pliássova
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisiane Souza
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Ledo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Wesołowska A, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Cios A, Partyka A. The preclinical discovery and development of paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:279-292. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1682994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wesołowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Cios
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
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Casquero-Veiga M, García-García D, MacDowell KS, Pérez-Caballero L, Torres-Sánchez S, Fraguas D, Berrocoso E, Leza JC, Arango C, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. Risperidone administered during adolescence induced metabolic, anatomical and inflammatory/oxidative changes in adult brain: A PET and MRI study in the maternal immune stimulation animal model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:880-896. [PMID: 31229322 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress (IOS) are considered key pathophysiological elements in the development of mental disorders. Recent studies demonstrated that the antipsychotic risperidone elicits an antiinflammatory effect in the brain. We administered risperidone for 2-weeks at adolescence to assess its role in preventing brain-related IOS changes in the maternal immune stimulation (MIS) model at adulthood. We also investigated the development of volumetric and neurotrophic abnormalities in areas related to the HPA-axis. Poly I:C (MIS) or saline (Sal) were injected into pregnant Wistar rats on GD15. Male offspring received risperidone or vehicle daily from PND35-PND49. We studied 4 groups (8-15 animals/group): Sal-vehicle, MIS-vehicle, Sal-risperidone and MIS-risperidone. [18F]FDG-PET and MRI studies were performed at adulthood and analyzed using SPM12 software. IOS and neurotrophic markers were measured using WB and ELISA assays in brain tissue. Risperidone elicited a protective function of schizophrenia-related IOS deficits. In particular, risperidone elicited the following effects: reduced volume in the ventricles and the pituitary gland; reduced glucose metabolism in the cerebellum, periaqueductal gray matter, and parietal cortex; higher FDG uptake in the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and brainstem; reduced NFκB activity and iNOS expression; and increased enzymatic activity of CAT and SOD in some brain areas. Our study suggests that some schizophrenia-related IOS changes can be prevented in the MIS model. It also stresses the need to search for novel strategies based on anti-inflammatory compounds in risk populations at early stages in order to alter the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-García
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain; Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | - Karina S MacDowell
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Caballero
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres-Sánchez
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Fraguas
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Endocannabinoid system, stress and HPA axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:230-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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