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Han Y, Kim HI, Park J. The Role of Natural Products in the Improvement of Cancer-Associated Cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108772. [PMID: 37240117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous library of natural products and herbal medicine prescriptions presents endless research avenues. However, the lack of research evidence and trials on cancer-induced cachexia limit the therapeutic potential of natural products. Cancer-induced cachexia is a systemic wasting syndrome characterized by continuous body weight loss with skeletal muscle and adipose tissue atrophy. Cancer cachexia is a problem in itself and reduces the quality of life by lessening the treatment efficacy of anticancer drugs. This review summarizes single natural product extracts for cancer-induced cachexia, not compounds derived from natural products and herbal medicine prescriptions. This article also discusses the effect of natural products on cachexia induced by anticancer drugs and the role of AMPK in cancer-induced cachexia. The article included the mice model used in each experiment to encourage researchers to utilize animal models for research on cancer-induced cachexia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Braha A, Albai A, Timar B, Negru Ș, Sorin S, Roman D, Popovici D. Nutritional Interventions to Improve Cachexia Outcomes in Cancer—A Systematic Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070966. [PMID: 35888685 PMCID: PMC9318456 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of cachexia has increased across all of the cancer types and accounts for up to 20% of cancer-related deaths. This paper is a systematic review of nutritional interventions aiming to improve cachexia outcomes in cancer, focusing on weight gain. Materials and Methods: A search in Medline and Elsevier databases for articles up until the 23 January 2022, was conducted. Results: Out of 5732 screened records, 26 publications were included in the final analysis. Four randomized clinical trials showed a significant body weight (BW) increase in patients treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), β-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (β-HMB), arginine, and glutamine or marine phospholipids (MPL). An upward BW trend was observed in patients treated with L-carnitine, an Ethanwell/Ethanzyme (EE) regimen enriched with ω-3 fatty acids, micronutrients, probiotics, fish oil, a leucine-rich supplement, or total parental nutrition (TPN) with a high dose of a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA). Conclusions: Although clinical trials relating to large numbers of nutritional supplements present promising data, many trials provided negative results. Further studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of action of these nutritional supplements in cancer cachexia are needed. Early screening for cancer cachexia risk and nutritional intervention in cancer patients before aggravating weight loss may stabilize their weight, preventing cachexia syndrome. According to the GRADE methodology, no positive recommendation for these nutritional supplements may be expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Braha
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Alin Albai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Șerban Negru
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.N.); (S.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Săftescu Sorin
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.N.); (S.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Deiana Roman
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (B.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Dorel Popovici
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.N.); (S.S.); (D.P.)
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Mao JJ, Pillai GG, Andrade CJ, Ligibel JA, Basu P, Cohen L, Khan IA, Mustian KM, Puthiyedath R, Dhiman KS, Lao L, Ghelman R, Cáceres Guido P, Lopez G, Gallego-Perez DF, Salicrup LA. Integrative oncology: Addressing the global challenges of cancer prevention and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 72:144-164. [PMID: 34751943 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in cancer incidence and mortality is challenging current cancer care delivery globally, disproportionally affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) when it comes to receiving evidence-based cancer prevention, treatment, and palliative and survivorship care. Patients in LMICs often rely on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) that is more familiar, less costly, and widely available. However, spheres of influence and tensions between conventional medicine and TCIM can further disrupt efforts in evidence-based cancer care. Integrative oncology provides a framework to research and integrate safe, effective TCIM alongside conventional cancer treatment and can help bridge health care gaps in delivering evidence-informed, patient-centered care. This growing field uses lifestyle modifications, mind and body therapies (eg, acupuncture, massage, meditation, and yoga), and natural products to improve symptom management and quality of life among patients with cancer. On the basis of this review of the global challenges of cancer control and the current status of integrative oncology, the authors recommend: 1) educating and integrating TCIM providers into the cancer control workforce to promote risk reduction and culturally salient healthy life styles; 2) developing and testing TCIM interventions to address cancer symptoms or treatment-related adverse effects (eg, pain, insomnia, fatigue); and 3) disseminating and implementing evidence-based TCIM interventions as part of comprehensive palliative and survivorship care so patients from all cultures can live with or beyond cancer with respect, dignity, and vitality. With conventional medicine and TCIM united under a cohesive framework, integrative oncology may provide citizens of the world with access to safe, effective, evidence-informed, and culturally sensitive cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun J Mao
- Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Geetha Gopalakrishna Pillai
- Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Unit, Service Delivery and Safety Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jennifer A Ligibel
- Leonard P. Zakim Center for Integrative Therapies and Healthy Living, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Integrative Medicine Program, Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Karen M Mustian
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - Lixing Lao
- Virginia University of Integrative Medicine, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Ricardo Ghelman
- Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cáceres Guido
- Pharmacokinetics and Research in Clinical Pharmacology and Integrative Medicine Group, Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Network of the Americas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lopez
- Integrative Medicine Program, Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel F Gallego-Perez
- Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Network of the Americas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luis Alejandro Salicrup
- Center for Global Health and Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Torres EAFS, Pinaffi-Langley ACDC, Figueira MDS, Cordeiro KS, Negrão LD, Soares MJ, da Silva CP, Alfino MCZ, Sampaio GR, de Camargo AC. Effects of the consumption of guarana on human health: A narrative review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:272-295. [PMID: 34755935 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a plant from the Amazon region with cultural importance. Despite its early ancestral use by indigenous tribes, the first reports regarding the benefits of guarana consumption for human health were published in the 19th century. Since then, the use of guarana seed in powder and extract forms has been studied for its diverse effects on human health, such as stimulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-obesity effects. These effects are attributed to the high content of bioactive compounds found in guarana seeds, especially methylxanthines and flavonoids. In fact, the Brazilian Food Supplement Law has officially acknowledged guarana as a source of bioactive compounds. The number and diversity of studies focused on guarana and human health are increasing; thus, organizing and describing the available evidence on guarana and its applications is necessary to provide a framework for future studies. In this narrative review, we have organized the available information regarding guarana and its potential effects on human health. Guarana produces unique fruits with great potential for human health applications. However, the available evidence lacks human studies and mechanistic investigations. Future studies should be designed considering its applicability to human health, including intake levels and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A F S Torres
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karina Silva Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dias Negrão
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Jurema Soares
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Pereira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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