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Guney C, Bal NB, Akar F. The impact of dietary fructose on gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal adiposity, insulin signaling and reproductive function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18896. [PMID: 37636431 PMCID: PMC10447940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of fructose in the regular human diet could be related to global increases in metabolic disorders. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, mostly consumed by children, adolescents, and young adults, are the main source of added fructose. Dietary high-fructose can increase intestinal permeability and circulatory endotoxin by changing the gut barrier function and microbial composition. Excess fructose transports to the liver and then triggers inflammation as well as de novo lipogenesis leading to hepatic steatosis. Fructose also induces fat deposition in adipose tissue by stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes, thus causing abdominal adiposity. Activation of the inflammatory pathway by fructose in target tissues is thought to contribute to the suppression of the insulin signaling pathway producing systemic insulin resistance. Moreover, there is some evidence that high intake of fructose negatively affects both male and female reproductive systems and may lead to infertility. This review addresses dietary high-fructose-induced deteriorations that are obvious, especially in gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal fat accumulation, insulin signaling, and reproductive function. The recognition of the detrimental effects of fructose and the development of relevant new public health policies are necessary in order to prevent diet-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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He J, Lassila L, Garoushi S, Vallittu P. Tailoring the monomers to overcome the shortcomings of current dental resin composites - review. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2191621. [PMID: 37090482 PMCID: PMC10120559 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2191621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) have become the first choice among different restorative materials for direct anterior and posterior restorations in the clinic. Though the properties of DRCs have been improved greatly in recent years, they still have several shortcomings, such as volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress, biofilm development, lack of radio-opacity for some specific DRCs, and estrogenicity, which need to be overcome. The resin matrix, composed of different monomers, constitutes the continuous phase and determine the performance of DRCs. Thus, the chemical structure of the monomers plays an important role in modifying the properties of DRCs. Numerous researchers have taken to design and develop novel monomers with specific functions for the purpose of fulfilling the needs in dentistry. In this review, the development of monomers in DRCs were highlighted, especially focusing on strategies aimed at reducing volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress, endowing bacteriocidal and antibacterial adhesion activities as well as protein-repelling activity, increasing radio-opacity, and replacing Bis-GMA. The influences of these novel monomers on the properties of DRCs were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- CONTACT Jingwei He College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland, Turku, Finland
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3
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Nunes HC, Tavares SC, Garcia HV, Cucielo MS, Dos Santos SAA, Aal MCE, de Golim MA, Justulin LA, Ribeiro AO, Deffune E, Scarano WR, Delella FK. Bisphenol A and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin at non-cytotoxic doses alter the differentiation potential and cell function of rat adipose-stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2314-2323. [PMID: 35661558 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of chemical contamination is an important issue to consider when designing a cell therapy strategy. Both bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are among the most environmentally relevant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs, compounds with a high affinity for adipose tissue) recently studied. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from adipose tissue widely used in regenerative medicine to prevent and treat diseases in several tissues and organs. Although the experimental use of tissue-engineered constructs requires careful analysis for approval and implantation, there has been a recent increase in the number of approved clinical trials for this promising strategy. This study aimed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, DNA damage, and the adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation potential of rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs) exposed to previously established non-cytotoxic doses of BPA and TCDD in vitro. Results demonstrated that 10 μM of BPA and 10 nM of TCDD were able to significantly reduce cell viability, while all exposure levels resulted in DNA damage, although did not increase the apoptosis rate. According to the analysis of adipogenic differentiation, 1 μM of BPA induced the significant formation of oil droplets, suggesting an increased adipocyte differentiation, while both 10 μM of BPA and 10 nM of TCDD decreased adipocyte differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation did not differ among the treatments. As such, BPA and TCDD in the concentrations tested can modify important processes in rASCs such as cell viability, adipogenic differentiation, and DNA damage. Together, these findings prove that EDCs play an important role as contaminants, putatively interfering in cell differentiation and thus impairing the therapeutic use of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Caputo Nunes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samara Costa Tavares
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Vicente Garcia
- Botucatu Medical School, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian Carolini Esgoti Aal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Assis de Golim
- Botucatu Medical School, Blood Transfusion Center, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Antônio Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Botucatu Medical School, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ruberto S, Santovito A, Simula ER, Noli M, Manca MA, Sechi LA. Bisphenols induce human genomic damage and modulate HERVs/env expression. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:275-285. [PMID: 36054626 PMCID: PMC9826028 DOI: 10.1002/em.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical, is used in the production of epoxy and polycarbonate resins. Since human exposure to BPA has been associated with increased cancer susceptibility, the market has shifted to products often labeled as "BPA free" containing BPA analogs such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, the European legislation on BPF and BPS is still unclear. This study analyzed the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using in vitro micronucleus assay. Furthermore, it investigated the impact of bisphenols exposure on human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) expression, which is implicated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The micronucleus assay revealed a significant genotoxic effect in peripheral blood cells after exposure to BPA and BPF at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 μg/ml, and to BPS at 0.1 and 0.05 μg/ml. In addition, BPA exposure seems to upregulate the expression of HERVs, while a downregulation was observed after BPF and BPS treatments. Overall, our data showed the toxic effect of BPA and its analogs on circulating cells in the blood and demonstrated that they could modulate the HERVs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ruberto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Elena R. Simula
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Marta Noli
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Maria A. Manca
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Microbiology and Virology, University of SassariSassariItaly
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Sun Y, Zhou Z, Jiang H, Duan Y, Li J, Liu X, Hong L, Zhao C. Preparation and evaluation of novel bio-based Bis-GMA-free dental composites with low estrogenic activity. Dent Mater 2021; 38:281-293. [PMID: 34955233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although bisphenol Aglycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) are widely used in the dental composite, its raw materials include the petroleum-based product bisphenol A (BPA) with high estrogenic activity (EA). In this study, two new BPA-free dimethacrylate monomers from bio-based material creosol were synthesized and evaluated. METHODS The renewable bisphenol monomer 5, 5'-methylenedicreosol (BCF) was prepared from bio-based material creosol. By the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) proliferation assay, a risk assessment of BCF was performed to determine if BCF possessed reduced EA in comparison to BPA. Then, the novel monomers 5, 5'-methylenedicreosol diglycidyl ether diacrylate (BCF-EA) and 5, 5'-methylenedicreosol diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate (BCF-GMA) were synthesized from BCF with epichlorohydrin and (meth)acrylate. All products were investigated by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectra. The control resin was a mixture based on Bis-GMA and tri(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) with a weight ratio of 5:5 (5B5T). Similarly, experimental resin matrix was a mixture based on BCF-EA/TEGDMA (5E5T) and BCF-GMA/TEGDMA (5G5T). And their corresponding composites were then prepared with corresponding resin matrices and hybrid SiO2 (5E5TC, 5G5TC and 5B5TC). The properties of these composites were investigated according to the standard or referenced methods. Each sample was evaluated for double bond conversion (DC), shrinkage stress (SS) and volumetric polymerization shrinkage (VS). Water sorption (WS), water solubility (SL), mechanical properties and cytotoxicity were also measured. RESULTS 1H NMR and FT-IR spectra confirmed the chemical structure of each monomer. EA test revealed that bio-based bisphenol monomer BCF as the precursor of BCF-EA and BCF-GMA showed lower EA than BPA. Cured resin matrix: Both 5E5T and 5G5T had nearly the same DC (p < 0.05), which was higher than 5B5T (p < 0.05); 5E5T and 5G5T had lower VS, SL and cytotoxicity than 5B5T (p < 0.05); mechanical properties of 5E5T and 5G5T were all better than those of 5B5T (p < 0.05). Cured composite: There was no significant difference in conversion (p < 0.05); 5E5TC and 5G5TC had significantly lower VS (p < 0.05); WS of 5E5TC and 5G5TC were similar (p < 0.05), but higher compared to 5B5TC (p < 0.05); 5E5TC and 5G5TC had the deeper depth of cure (p > 0.05); before water immersion, there was no significant difference in flexural strength between 5E5TC and 5G5TC (p > 0.05), and higher than 5B5TC (p < 0.05); 5E5TC and 5G5TC showed less cytotoxicity than 5B5TC (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The new BPA-free di(meth)acrylates are promising photocurable dental monomers owning to bio-based raw material, high degree of conversion coupled with low curing shrinkage and good mechanical properties. Therefore, BCF-EA and BCF-GMA has a potential to be used as the substitution for Bis-GMA to prepare Bis-GMA-free dental composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zeying Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yuting Duan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jialin Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lihua Hong
- Endodontics Department of Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Chengji Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Batista-Silva H, Rodrigues K, Sousa de Moura KR, Van Der Kraak G, Delalande-Lecapitaine C, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Role of bisphenol A on calcium influx and its potential toxicity on the testis of Danio rerio. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110876. [PMID: 32563953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute in vitro effect of low-concentration bisphenol A (BPA) on calcium (45Ca2+) influx in zebrafish (Danio rerio) testis and examined whether intracellular Ca2+ was involved in the effects of BPA on testicular toxicity. In vitro studies on 45Ca2+ influx were performed in the testes after incubation with BPA for 30 min. Inhibitors were added 15 min before the addition of 45Ca2+ and BPA to testes to study the mechanism of action of BPA. The involvement of intracellular calcium from stores on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and on triacylglycerol (TAG) content were carried out after in vitro incubation of testes with BPA for 1 h. Furthermore, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were analyzed in the liver at 1 h after in vitro BPA incubation of D. rerio. Our data show that the acute in vitro treatment of D. rerio testes with BPA at very low concentration activates plasma membrane ionic channels, such as voltage-dependent calcium channels and calcium-dependent chloride channels, and protein kinase C (PKC), which stimulates Ca2+ influx. In addition, BPA increased cytosolic Ca2+ by activating inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) at the endoplasmic reticulum, contributing to intracellular Ca2+ overload. The protein kinases, PKC, MEK 1/2 and PI3K, are involved in the mechanism of action of BPA, which may indicate a crosstalk between the non-genomic initiation effects mediated by PLC/PKC/IP3R signaling and genomic responses of BPA mediated by the estrogen receptor (ESR). In vitro exposure to a higher concentration of BPA caused cell damage and plasma membrane injury with increased LDH release and TAG content; both effects were dependent on intracellular Ca2+ and mediated by IP3R. Furthermore, BPA potentially induced liver damage, as demonstrated by increased GGT activity. In conclusion, in vitro effect of BPA in a low concentration triggers cytosolic Ca2+ overload and activates downstream protein kinases pointing to a crosstalk between its non-genomic and genomic effects of BPA mediated by ESR. Moreover, in vitro exposure to a higher concentration of BPA caused intracellular Ca2+-dependent testicular cell damage and plasma membrane injury. This acute toxicity was reinforced by increased testicular LDH release and GGT activity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Département Biologie et Sciences de La Terre, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, Normandie, France
| | - Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Adegoke EO, Rahman MS, Pang MG. Bisphenols Threaten Male Reproductive Health via Testicular Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 33042007 PMCID: PMC7518410 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive function and health are largely dependent on the testes, which are strictly regulated by their major cell components, i. e., Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells. Sertoli cells perform a crucial phagocytic function in addition to supporting the development of germ cells. Leydig cells produce hormones essential for male reproductive function, and germ cell quality is a key parameter for male fertility assessment. However, these cells have been identified as primary targets of endocrine disruptors, including bisphenols. Bisphenols are a category of man-made organic chemicals used to manufacture plastics, epoxy resins, and personal care products such as lipsticks, face makeup, and nail lacquers. Despite long-term uncertainty regarding their safety, bisphenols are still being used worldwide, especially bisphenol A. While considerable attention has been paid to the effects of bisphenols on health, current bisphenol-related reproductive health cases indicate that greater attention should be given to these chemicals. Bisphenols, especially bisphenol A, F, and S, have been reported to elicit various effects on testicular cells, including apoptosis, DNA damage, disruption of intercommunication among cells, mitochondrial damage, disruption of tight junctions, and arrest of proliferation, which threaten male reproductive health. In addition, bisphenols are xenoestrogens, which alter organs and cells functions via agonistic or antagonistic interplay with hormone receptors. In this review, we provide in utero, in vivo, and in vitro evidence that currently available brands of bisphenols impair male reproductive health through their action on testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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8
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Mechanisms of Testicular Disruption from Exposure to Bisphenol A and Phtalates. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020471. [PMID: 32046352 PMCID: PMC7074154 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Great attention has been paid in recent years to the harmful effects of various chemicals that interfere with our natural hormone balance, collectively known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors. The effects on the reproductive system of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates have received particular attention: while they have a short half-life, they are so widespread that human exposure can be considered as continuous. Evidence is often limited to the animal model, disregarding the likelihood of human exposure to a mixture of contaminants. Data from animal models show that maternal exposure probably has harmful effects on the male fetus, with an increased risk of urogenital developmental abnormalities. After birth, exposure is associated with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, hindering the development and function of the male genital pathways through the mediation of inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress. The epidemiological and clinical evidence, while generally confirming the association between reproductive abnormalities and some phthalate esters and BPA, is more contradictory, with wildly different findings. The aim of this review is therefore to provide an update of the potential mechanisms of the damage caused by BPA and phthalates to reproductive function and a review of the clinical evidence currently available in the literature.
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Meng Y, Lin R, Wu F, Sun Q, Jia L. Decreased Capacity for Sperm Production Induced by Perinatal Bisphenol A Exposure Is Associated with an Increased Inflammatory Response in the Offspring of C57BL/6 Male Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102158. [PMID: 30275377 PMCID: PMC6210657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many previous studies have indicated the adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on sperm production and quality; however, the mechanisms underlying BPA male reproductive toxicity have yet to be elucidated. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perinatal exposure to BPA on the spermatogenic capacity of male offspring, and to explore the possible influence of inflammatory responses in BPA reproductive toxicity. Twenty-one pregnant C57BL/6mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a group receiving 0.2 μg/mL (LBPA), and a group receiving 2 μg/mL of BPA (HBPA), all via drinking water from gestational day 6 to the end of lactation. After weaning, one male mouse was randomly selected from each group (n = 7/group); these three mice were fed a normal diet and drinking water for 1 month. Levels of serum testosterone (T) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were then measured in all mice. Sperm count and the proportion of sperm malformation were also determined. The levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) protein expression in the testis tissue were determined. Analysis showed that the proportion of sperm malformation increased in the LBPA and HBPA groups (p < 0.05). Sperm count significantly decreased only in the HBPA group (p < 0.05), while the levels of serum TNF-α increased in the LBPA and HBPA groups (p < 0.05). Levels of serum T decreased significantly in the HBPA group, compared with controls (p < 0.05). Levels of TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression in the testis were significantly higher in the LBPA and HBPA groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), while AhR protein expression was higher and seminiferous tubules in the testis showed more damage in the HBPA group compared to controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Our results showed that perinatal exposure to low or high doses of BPA decreased the capacity for spermatogenesis in male offspring, which may be associated with an inflammatory response activated by the TLR4/ NF-κB and AhR signaling pathways in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Fengjuan Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Preparation and characterization of Bis-GMA-free dental composites with dimethacrylate monomer derived from 9,9-Bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1003-1013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Preparation of a Bis-GMA-Free Dental Resin System with Synthesized Fluorinated Dimethacrylate Monomers. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122014. [PMID: 27916947 PMCID: PMC5187814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of reducing human exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives in dentistry, a fluorinated dimethacrylate monomer was synthesized to replace 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloy-loxypropyl)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) as the base monomer of dental resin. After mixing with reactive diluent triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), fluorinated dimethacrylate (FDMA)/TEGDMA was prepared and compared with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA in physicochemical properties, such as double bond conversion (DC), volumetric shrinkage (VS), water sorption (WS) and solubility (WSL), flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM). The results showed that, when compared with Bis-GMA based resin, FDMA-based resin had several advantages, such as higher DC, lower VS, lower WS, and higher FS after water immersion. All of these revealed that FDMA had potential to be used as a substitute for Bis-GMA. Of course, many more studies, such as biocompatibility testing, should be undertaken to prove whether FDMA could be applied in clinic.
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Halim BA, Khalaf A, Moselhy WA, Ahmed WM. Protective Effect of Nano-selenium and Ionized Selenium Against the Testicular Damage, Endocrine Disruptor and Testicular Ultrastructure of Bisphenol A in Albino Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.653.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Freitas ATAG, Ribeiro MA, Pinho CF, Peixoto AR, Domeniconi RF, Scarano WR. Regulatory and junctional proteins of the blood-testis barrier in human Sertoli cells are modified by monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Ok S, Kang JS, Kim KM. Testicular antioxidant mechanism of cultivated wild ginseng extracts. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Li J, Mao R, Zhou Q, Ding L, Tao J, Ran MM, Gao ES, Yuan W, Wang JT, Hou LF. Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in Wistar rats reduces sperm quality with disruption of ERK signal pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:180-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1139024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Yin M, Guo S, Liu F, He J. Synthesis of fluorinated dimethacrylate monomer and its application in preparing Bis-GMA free dental resin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 51:337-44. [PMID: 26282076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to reduce human exposure to Bis-phenol A derivatives, a novel fluorinated dimethacrylate monomer FUDMA was synthesized and mixed with triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) to prepare 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloy- loxypropyl)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) free dental resin system. Physicochemical properties, such as double bond conversion (DC), polymerization shrinkage (VS), water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL), flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM), and fracture energy of FUDMA/TEGDMA resin system were investigated. Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin system was used as a control. The results showed that, compared with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin system, FUDMA/TEGDMA had advantages like higher DC, lower VS, and higher fracture energy, but had no disadvantages. Therefore, FUDMA/TEGDMA resin system had better comprehensive physicochemical properties than Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin system, and FUDMA had potential to be used as a substitute for Bis-GMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Sen Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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17
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Gao Y, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Sertoli cells are the target of environmental toxicants in the testis - a mechanistic and therapeutic insight. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1073-90. [PMID: 25913180 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1039513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sertoli cells support germ cell development in the testis via an elaborate network of cell junctions that confers structural, communicating, and signaling support. However, Sertoli cell junctions and cytoskeletons are the target of environmental toxicants. Because germ cells rely on Sertoli cells for the provision of structural/functional/nutritional support, exposure of males to toxicants leads to germ cell exfoliation due to Sertoli cell injuries. Interestingly, the molecular mechanism(s) by which toxicants induce cytoskeletal disruption that leads to germ cell exfoliation is unclear, until recent years, which are discussed herein. This information can possibly be used to therapeutically manage toxicant-induced infertility/subfertility in human males. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide a brief update on the use of Sertoli cell system developed for rodents and humans in vitro, which can be deployed in any research laboratory with minimal upfront setup costs. These systems can be used to collect reliable data applicable to studies in vivo. We also discuss the latest findings on the mechanisms by which toxicants induce Sertoli cell injury, in particular cytoskeletal disruption. We also identify candidate molecules that are likely targets of toxicants. EXPERT OPINION We provide two hypothetical models delineating the mechanism by which toxicants induce germ cell exfoliation and blood-testis barrier disruption. We also discuss molecules that are the targets of toxicants as therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research , 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065 , USA
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18
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Qi S, Fu W, Wang C, Liu C, Quan C, Kourouma A, Yan M, Yu T, Duan P, Yang K. BPA-induced apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells through Fas/FasL and JNKs/p38 MAPK pathways. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:108-16. [PMID: 25461909 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A was examined for its effects on cultured Sertoli cells established from 18 to 22-day-old rat testes. Results indicated that exposure to BPA (0, 30, 50 and 70 μM) decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis. Apoptosis-caused cell death was observed in cells exposed to 50 and 70 μM BPA. The mRNA expressions of Fas, FasL and caspase-3 were all elevated, and the protein expressions of FasL and cleaved caspase-3 were also increased. In addition, levels of phosphorylation of JNKs/p38 MAPK were also increased and then activated JNKs/p38 MAPK up regulated target gene expressions, such as c-jun and CHOP. Translocation of NF-κB into nuclei indicated the activation of NF-κB after treatment with BPA. Taken together, observed results suggest that BPA induces apoptosis of Sertoli cells by the activation of JNKs/p38 MPAK and translocation of NF-κB, and Fas/FasL system plays a critical role in the initiation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Quan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ansoumane Kourouma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kedi Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Liang X, Liu F, He J. Synthesis of none Bisphenol A structure dimethacrylate monomer and characterization for dental composite applications. Dent Mater 2014; 30:917-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Peyre L, Rouimi P, de Sousa G, Héliès-Toussaint C, Carré B, Barcellini S, Chagnon MC, Rahmani R. Comparative study of bisphenol A and its analogue bisphenol S on human hepatic cells: a focus on their potential involvement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:9-18. [PMID: 24793377 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, people have been in contact with bisphenol A (BPA) primarily through their diet. Nowadays it is gradually replaced by an analogue, bisphenol S (BPS). In this study, we compared the effects of these two bisphenols in parallel with the positive control diethylstilbestrol (DES) on different hepatocyte cell lines. Using a cellular impedance system we have shown that BPS is less cytotoxic than BPA in acute and chronic conditions. We have also demonstrated that, contrary to BPA, BPS is not able to induce an increase in intracellular lipid and does not activate the PXR receptor which is known to be involved in part, in this process. In parallel, it failed to modulate the expression of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, the drug transporter ABCB1 and other lipid metabolism genes (FASN, PLIN). However, it appears to have a weak effect on GSTA4 protein expression and on the Erk1/2 pathway. In conclusion, in contrast to BPA, BPS does not appear to induce the metabolic syndrome that may lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in vitro. Although we have to pay special attention to BPS, its use could be less dangerous concerning this toxicological endpoint for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Peyre
- UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratory of Xenobiotic's Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, 400 route des Chappes, BP167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Patrick Rouimi
- UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Georges de Sousa
- UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratory of Xenobiotic's Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, 400 route des Chappes, BP167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Carré
- UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Barcellini
- Neomah, Research in Toxicology, INRA-Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chagnon
- Nutox Laboratory, Derttech "Packtox", INSERM UMR866, AgroSupDijon, bâtiment Epicure, 1 esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Roger Rahmani
- UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratory of Xenobiotic's Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, 400 route des Chappes, BP167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France; UMR 1331 TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France.
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21
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Lin J, Zhu J, Li X, Li S, Lan Z, Ko J, Lei Z. Expression of genomic functional estrogen receptor 1 in mouse sertoli cells. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:1411-22. [PMID: 24615934 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114527355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There is no consensus whether Sertoli cells express estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence demonstrated that mouse Sertoli cell lines, TM4, MSC-1, and 15P-1, and purified primary mouse Sertoli cells (PSCs) contained Esr1 messenger RNA and proteins. Incubation of Sertoli cells with 17β-estradiol (E2) or ESR1 agonist stimulated the expression of an estrogen responsive gene Greb1, which was prevented by ESR inhibitor or ESR1 antagonist. Overexpression of Esr1 in MSC-1 enhanced E2-induced Greb1 expression, while knockdown of Esr1 by small interfering RNA in TM4 attenuated the response. Furthermore, E2-induced Greb1 expression was abolished in the PSCs isolated from Amh-Cre/Esr1-floxed mice in which Esr1 in Sertoli cells were selectively deleted. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that E2-induced Greb1 expression in Sertoli cells was mediated by binding of ESR1 to estrogen responsive elements. In summary, ligand-dependent nuclear ESR1 was present in mouse Sertoli cells and mediates a classical genomic action of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xian Li
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shengqiang Li
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zijian Lan
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA
| | - Jay Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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22
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Yu B, Liu D, Liu F, He J. Preparation and Characterization of Light-Cured Dental Resin without Methacrylate Monomers Derived from Bisphenol A. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, People's Republic of China; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
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23
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Li XY, Xiao N, Zhang YH. Toxic effects of octylphenol on the expression of genes in liver identified by suppression subtractive hybridization of Rana chensinensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1-10. [PMID: 24158398 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Octylphenol (OP) is the degradative product of alkylphenol ethoxylates that are widely used to produce rubber, pesticides, and paints. It is chemically stable substance and demonstrates estrogenic effects, toxicity and carcinogenic effects in the environment. The toxin accumulates rapidly in the liver where it exerts most of its damage, but the molecular mechanisms behind its toxicity remain unclear. Due to limited information concerning the effect of OP on liver, this study investigates how OP causes hepatotoxicity in liver. Here, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the alterations in gene transcription of the frog (Rana chensinensis) after exposure to OP. After hybridization and cloning, the subtractive cDNA libraries were obtained. At random, 207 positive clones were selected and sequenced from the subtractive libraries, which gave a total of 75 gene fragment sequences. The screening identified numerous genes involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, cytoskeletal remodeling, innate immunity, material and energy metabolism, translation and transcription which were extensively discussed. Two sequenced genes were analyzed further using real time quantitative PCR. The two genes from the library were found to be transcriptionally up-regulated. These results confirmed the successful construction of the subtractive cDNA library that was enriched for the genes that were differentially transcribed in the amphibian liver challenged with OP, and for the first time present the basic data on toxicity effect of OP on liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China
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24
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Chen M, Xu B, Ji W, Qiao S, Hu N, Hu Y, Wu W, Qiu L, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhou Z, Xia Y, Wang X. Bisphenol A alters n-6 fatty acid composition and decreases antioxidant enzyme levels in rat testes: a LC-QTOF-based metabolomics study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44754. [PMID: 23024759 PMCID: PMC3443100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Male reproductive toxicity induced by exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely reported. The testes have proven to be a major target organ of BPA toxicity, so studying testicular metabolite variation holds promise for the discovery of mechanisms linked to the toxic effects of BPA on reproduction. Methodology/Principal Findings Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered doses of BPA at the levels of 0, 50 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks. We used an unbiased liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QTOF)-based metabolomics approach to discover, identify, and analyze the variation of testicular metabolites. Two n-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were identified as potential testicular biomarkers. Decreased levels of LA and increased levels of AA as well as AA/LA ratio were observed in the testes of the exposed group. According to these suggestions, testicular antioxidant enzyme levels were detected. Testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined significantly in the exposed group compared with that in the non-exposed group, and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as catalase (CAT) also showed a decreasing trend in BPA treated group. Conclusions/Significance BPA caused testicular n-6 fatty acid composition variation and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. This study emphasizes that metabolomics brings the promise of biomarkers identification for the discovery of mechanisms underlying reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanlei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Shanghai Office, Bruker Daltonics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (XW)
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (XW)
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