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Zhang K, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liang R, Li Q, Li R, Zhao X, Bian C, Chen Y, Wu J, Shi Q, Lin L. A chromosome-level reference genome assembly of the Reeve's moray eel (Gymnothorax reevesii). Sci Data 2023; 10:501. [PMID: 37516767 PMCID: PMC10387071 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to potentially hostile behaviors and elusive habitats, moray eels (Muraenidae) as one group of apex predators in coral reefs all across the globe have not been well investigated. Here, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly for the representative Reeve's moray eel (Gymnothorax reevesii). This haplotype genome assembly is 2.17 Gb in length, and 97.87% of the sequences are anchored into 21 chromosomes. It contains 56.34% repetitive sequences and 23,812 protein-coding genes, of which 96.77% are functionally annotated. This sequenced marine species in Anguilliformes makes a good complement to the genetic resource of eel genomes. It not only provides a genetic resource for in-depth studies of the Reeve's moray eel, but also enables deep-going genomic comparisons among various eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, 518081, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Rishen Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Ruihan Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, 518081, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, 518081, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, 518081, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yongnan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, 518081, China.
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Li Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Espíndola VC, Johnson GD, De Pinna MCC. Facial and opercular muscles in the Anguilliformes (Elopomorpha: Teleostei): Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic implications for the basal position of Protanguilla. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21556. [PMID: 36630618 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The teleost order Anguilliformes, true eels, comprises more than 1000 described species in 20 families, commonly known as eels, congers, morays, and gulper eels. Comprehensive studies of Anguilliformes are limited, resulting in a lack of consensus for morphology-based phylogenetic hypotheses. A detailed morphological analysis of the cephalic and opercular myology offers a promising new source of characters to help elucidate the intrarelationships of Anguilliformes. Our study is the most extensive myological analysis for the group and includes 97 terminal taxa, with representatives from each of the 20 families of Anguilliformes plus outgroup clades. Results demonstrate that muscle characters inform phylogenetic relationships within Anguilliformes, and we propose two new synapomorphies for all extant members, including Protanguilla palau, the "living fossil"-adductor mandibulae originating on the parietal (vs. restricted to suspensorium) and segmentum mandibularis absent (vs. present). Exceptions for the first condition characterize highly modified saccopharyngoids, and for the second one, Notacanthidae. More importantly, we suggest three new synapomorphies for the remaining extant anguilliforms (except in highly modified saccopharyngoids)-adductor mandibulae originates on the frontals (vs. frontals naked), adductor mandibulae stegalis is separated from the rictalis (vs. ricto-stegalis fused into a single piece), and the levator operculi inserts on the lateral surface of the opercle (vs. medial surface of the opercle). Our phylogenetic optimization strongly corroborates the hypothesis that Protanguilla is the sister group of all other extant eels. A further goal of this paper is to clearly document the substantive conflicts between the available molecular data and the extensive and diverse morphological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius C Espíndola
- Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - G David Johnson
- Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mario C C De Pinna
- Museu de Zoologia, Setor de ictiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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3
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Bhaskar R, Das MK, Sharon EA, Kumar RR, R. G. C. Genetic identification of marine eels (Anguilliformes: Congroidei) through DNA barcoding from Kasimedu fishing harbour. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:3354-3361. [PMID: 34790868 PMCID: PMC8592592 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1996291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the mysteries of their body's shape like snakes, marine eels have fascinated biologists for centuries. Information on the molecular taxonomy of marine eels is scarce from the Southeast Indian region and hence, the present study aimed to barcode marine eels collected from Kasimedu fishing harbor, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A total of 44 specimens were collected and DNA barcoding was done with a COI marker. The evolutionary history was inferred using the BA method. We observed 17 species, 10 genera, 4 families from the suborder Congroidei of which the genus Ariosoma and Conger were found to be predominant. The species of the family Muraenesocidae and Congridae are highly variable. The average Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances within species, genera, and families were 3.08%, 6.80%, 13.80%, respectively. Maximum genetic distance (0.307) was observed between the species Muraenesox cinereus and Ariosoma sp.1. BA tree topology revealed distinct clusters in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species. A deeper split was observed in Uroconger lepturus. We sequenced for the first-time barcode of Sauromuraenesox vorax and a new species Ophichthus chennaiensis is the gap-filling in identifying this taxon in the Indian context. We found a correct match between morphological and genetic identification of the species analyzed, depending on the cluster analysis performed (BINs and ASAP). This demonstrates that the COI gene sequence is suitable for phylogenetic analysis and species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bhaskar
- Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Mrinal Kumar Das
- Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Chennai, India
| | - E. Agnita Sharon
- Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai, India
| | | | - Chandika R. G.
- Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai, India
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Ramos-Castro M, Loh KH, Chen HM. A descriptive and comparative neurocranium morphology of Anguilliformes fishes in Taiwan waters. Zootaxa 2021; 5023:509-536. [PMID: 34810950 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5023.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Taiwan is one of the richest in the world in terms of eel fauna. In this study, we examined the osteological and morphological characteristics of eels under order Anguilliformes. Furthermore, we focused on the neurocranium of total of 30 Anguilliformes fishes under family Congridae (10), Muraenesocidae (1), Muraenidae (7), Nemichthyidae (1), Nettastomatidae (2), Ophichthidae (5), Synaphobranchidae (4), which are caught in Taiwanese waters. This paper shows the results of a comparative study on osteological characters of the neurocranium including the ratio of seven length characters using its NCL (neurocranium length), NCW (neurocranium width), OBL (orbit length), MFW (maximum frontal width), NCDB (neurocranium depth at basisphenoid), PEVW (premaxilla-ethmovomer width) and mPOBL (mid pre-orbital length), and 20 morphological diagnostic characters for 30 eel species. Results shows that species under family Nemichthyidae and Nettastomatidae have the highest values on the ratio of NCL/MFW, NCL/NCDB, and NCW/mPOBD. In morphological characters, it shows that species of the same family mostly share similar formation of the PEV plate and frontal structure. The usage of the length measurements and morphological diagnostic characters of neurocranium allowed for a more in depth understanding of how similar or different these eels can be. The neurocranial description and morphological characters may prove valuable for identification purposes and might be necessary tool for further studies on the status of order Anguilliformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marites Ramos-Castro
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan .
| | - Kar-Hoe Loh
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia .
| | - Hong-Ming Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan. Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan..
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5
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Tan W, Wang Y, Ke H, Liu H. The complete mitochondrial genome of Slender Giant Moray Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:2272-2274. [PMID: 34286096 PMCID: PMC8266256 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1915720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole mitochondrial genome of the Slender Giant Moray Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822) from the Hainan island was characterized using next-generation sequencing for the first time. The circular mitogenome of S. sathete is 16,568 bp, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a D-loop region. The base composition is little biased (A, G, T, and C was 30.95%, 16.73%, 27.09%, and 25.23%, respectively) with A + T contents of 58.04%. Among 13 PCGs, 12 PCGs use a normal ATG as the start codon except COX1 use GTG; four of them end with TAA or TAG, others terminate with an unusual stop codon. The phylogenetic tree showed that S. sathete was first clustered with Rhinomuraena quaesita and Gymnothorax minor, which further clarify the phylogenetic and evolution position of the genus Strophidon in the family Muraenidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources (Hainan Tropical Ocean University), Sanya, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hongji Ke
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
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Zhang K, Zhu K, Liu Y, Zhang H, Gong L, Jiang L, Liu L, Lü Z, Liu B. Novel gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial genome of Muraenesox cinereus and the phylogenetic relationship of Anguilliformes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2411. [PMID: 33510193 PMCID: PMC7844273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and gene sequence of the fish mitochondrial genome are generally considered to be conservative. However, two types of gene arrangements are found in the mitochondrial genome of Anguilliformes. In this paper, we report a complete mitogenome of Muraenesox cinereus (Anguilliformes: Muraenesocidae) with rearrangement phenomenon. The total length of the M. cinereus mitogenome was 17,673 bp, and it contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two identical control regions (CRs). The mitochondrial genome of M. cinereus was obviously rearranged compared with the mitochondria of typical vertebrates. The genes ND6 and the conjoint trnE were translocated to the location between trnT and trnP, and one of the duplicated CR was translocated to the upstream of the ND6. The tandem duplication and random loss is most suitable for explaining this mitochondrial gene rearrangement. The Anguilliformes phylogenetic tree constructed based on the whole mitochondrial genome well supports Congridae non-monophyly. These results provide a basis for the future Anguilliformes mitochondrial gene arrangement characteristics and further phylogenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehua Zhu
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Liu
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqin Liu
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Lü
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjian Liu
- grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022 People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.443668.b0000 0004 1804 4247National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022 People’s Republic of China
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Coluccia E, Deidda F, Lobina C, Melis R, Porcu C, Agus B, Salvadori S. Chromosome Mapping of 5S Ribosomal Genes in Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Muraenidae: Comparative Analysis by Dual Colour Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111319. [PMID: 33172170 PMCID: PMC7694744 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Muraenidae is one of the largest and most complex anguilliform families. Despite their abundance and important ecological roles, morays are little studied, especially cytogenetically, and both their phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomy of their genera are controversial. With the aim of extending the karyology of this fish group, the chromosomal mapping of the 5S ribosomal gene family was performed on seven species belonging to the genera Muraena and Gymnothorax from both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) experiments were realized using species-specific 5S rDNA probes; in addition, two-colour FISH was performed to investigate the possible association with the 45S ribosomal gene family. Multiple 5S rDNA clusters, located either in species-specific or in possibly homoeologous chromosomes, were found. Either a syntenic or different chromosomal location of the two ribosomal genes was detected. Our results revealed variability in the number and location of 5S rDNA clusters and confirmed a substantial conservation of the number and location of the 45S rDNA.
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Gartner SM, Mehta RS. Effects of Diet and Intraspecific Scaling on the Viscera of Muraenid Fishes. ZOOLOGY 2020; 139:125752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Thu PT, Huang WC, Chou TK, Van Quan N, Van Chien P, Li F, Shao KT, Liao TY. DNA barcoding of coastal ray-finned fishes in Vietnam. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222631. [PMID: 31536551 PMCID: PMC6752846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding based on a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is widely applied in species identification and biodiversity studies. The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive barcoding database of coastal ray-finned fishes in Vietnam. A total of 3,638 specimens were collected from fish landing sites in northern, central and southern Vietnam. Seven hundred and sixty-five COI sequences of ray-finned fishes were generated, belonging to 458 species, 273 genera, 113 families and 43 orders. A total of 59 species were newly recorded in Vietnam and sequences of six species were new to the Genbank and BOLD online databases. Only 32 species cannot be annotated to species level because difficulty in morphological identifications and their Kimura-2-Parameter (K2P) genetic distances to most similar sequences were more than 2%. Moreover, intra-specific genetic distances in some species are also higher than 2%, implying the existence of putative cryptic species. The mean K2P genetic distances within species, genera, families, orders and classes were 0.34%, 12.14%, 17.39%, 21.42%, and 24.80, respectively. Species compositions are quite different with only 16 common species among northern, central and southern Vietnam. This may attribute to multiple habitats and environmental factors across the 3,260 km Vietnamese coastline. Our results confirmed that DNA barcoding is an efficient and reliable tool for coastal fish identification in Vietnam, and also established a reliable DNA barcode reference library for these fishes. DNA barcodes will contribute to future efforts to achieve better monitoring, conservation, and management of fisheries in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham The Thu
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tak-Kei Chou
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Van Quan
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Chien
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Tsao Shao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Liao
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Johnson GD. Revisions of Anatomical Descriptions of the Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus in Moray Eels of the Family Muraenidae (Teleostei: Anguilliformes). COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-19-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. David Johnson
- Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012 MRC 159, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012;
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11
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Ophichthus brevicaudatus reveals novel gene order and phylogenetic relationships of Anguilliformes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:609-618. [PMID: 31132441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Generally, a teleostean group possesses only one type or a set of similar mitochondrial gene arrangement. However, two types of gene arrangement have been identified in the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Anguilliformes. Here, a newly sequenced mitogenome of Ophichthus brevicaudatus (Anguilliformes; Ophichthidae) was presented. The total length of the O. brevicaudatus mitogenome was 17,773 bp, and it contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two identical control regions (CRs). The gene order differed from that of the typical vertebrate mitogenomes. The genes ND6 and the conjoint trnE were translocated to the location between trnT and trnP, and one of the duplicated CR was translocated to the upstream of the ND6. The duplication-random loss model was adopted to explain the gene rearrangement events in this mitogenome. The most comprehensive phylogenetic trees of Anguilliformes based on complete mitogenome was constructed. The non-monophyly of Congridae was well supported, whereas the non-monophyly of Derichthyidae and Chlopsidae was not supported. These results provide insight into gene arrangement features of anguilliform mitogenomes and lay the foundation for further phylogenetic studies on Anguilliformes.
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da Silva JPCB, Datovo A, Johnson GD. Phylogenetic interrelationships of the eel families Derichthyidae and Colocongridae (Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes) based on the pectoral skeleton. J Morphol 2019; 280:934-947. [PMID: 31012502 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A cladistic analysis of the eel families Derichthyidae and Colocongridae is herein proposed for the first time on the basis of morphological data. We discovered dozens of new phylogenetic characters derived from a detailed analysis of the pectoral skeleton, an anatomical system neglected by most previous studies. Our maximum parsimony analysis indicates that Colocongridae sensu lato is paraphyletic, with its two constituent genera Coloconger and Congriscus appearing as successive sister groups of derichthyids. Monophyly of the family Derichthyidae, which has been questioned by some studies, is herein strongly supported by 10 unambiguous synapomorphies. We also stress the importance of the appendicular skeleton as a useful source of phylogenetic information for the resolution of systematic problems within Anguilliformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo C B da Silva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aléssio Datovo
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G David Johnson
- Division of Fishes, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA
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Miyake T, Aihara N, Maeda K, Shinzato C, Koyanagi R, Kobayashi H, Yamahira K. Bloodmeal host identification with inferences to feeding habits of a fish-fed mosquito, Aedes baisasi. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4002. [PMID: 30850720 PMCID: PMC6408532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito, Aedes baisasi, which inhabits brackish mangrove swamps, is known to feed on fish. However, its host assemblage has not been investigated at the species level. We amplified and sequenced the cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcoding regions as well as some other regions from blood-fed females to identify host assemblages in the natural populations from four islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Hosts were identified from 230 females. We identified 15 host fish species belonging to eight families and four orders. Contrary to expectations from previous observations, mudskippers were detected from only 3% of blood-engorged females. The dominant host was a four-eyed sleeper, Bostrychus sinensis (Butidae, Gobiiformes), in Iriomote-jima Island (61%), while it was a snake eel, Pisodonophis boro (Ophichthidae, Anguilliformes), in Amami-oshima and Okinawa-jima islands (78% and 79%, respectively). Most of the identified hosts were known as air-breathing or amphibious fishes that inhabit mangroves or lagoons. Our results suggest that A. baisasi females locate the bloodmeal hosts within the mangrove forests and sometimes in the adjacent lagoons and land on the surface of available amphibious or other air-breathing fishes exposed in the air to feed on their blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyake
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Natsuki Aihara
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chuya Shinzato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Ryo Koyanagi
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hirozumi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamahira
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Mohapatra A, Kundu S, Mohanty SR, Mishra SS, Kumar V, Tripathy B, Chandra K. DNA barcoding adjudicate two different morphs of Bascanichthys deraniyagalai (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae): re-description and first record from Chilika lagoon, India. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1598298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mohapatra
- Zoological Survey of India, Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Ganjam, India
| | - Shantanu Kundu
- Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Kolkata, India
| | - Swarup R. Mohanty
- Zoological Survey of India, Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Ganjam, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Kolkata, India
| | - Basudev Tripathy
- Malacology Division, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Zoological Survey of India, Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Ganjam, India
- Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Kolkata, India
- Marine Fish Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
- Malacology Division, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, India
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15
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Ribout C, Bech N, Briand MJ, Guyonnet D, Letourneur Y, Brischoux F, Bonnet X. A lack of spatial genetic structure of Gymnothorax chilospilus (moray eel) suggests peculiar population functioning. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Ribout
- CEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS-ULR, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - N Bech
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe ‘Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose’, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - M J Briand
- Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (MIO), UMR CNRS 7294, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex, France
| | - D Guyonnet
- Signalisation et transports ioniques membranaires (STIM), ERL 7368/EA-7349, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Y Letourneur
- Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut ISEA - EA 7484 and LabEx « Corail », Nouméa cedex, New Caledonia
| | - F Brischoux
- CEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS-ULR, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - X Bonnet
- CEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS-ULR, Villiers en Bois, France
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16
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C B Da Silva JP, Johnson GD. Reconsidering pectoral girdle and fin morphology in Anguillidae (Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:420-423. [PMID: 29956329 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of the pectoral girdle and fin of Anguillidae is reconsidered via the inclusion of skeletal components that have previously been unassessed. For example, the pectoral girdle and fin in Anguilla were erroneously reported to lack a scapular bone, a cartilaginous scapulocoracoid plate and a cartilaginous propterygium. The pectoral morphology of Anguilla is also compared with the closely related genus Nemichthys, including additional data on the anatomy of this eel family.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo C B Da Silva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Fishes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
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17
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Jackson LM, Fernando PC, Hanscom JS, Balhoff JP, Mabee PM. Automated Integration of Trees and Traits: A Case Study Using Paired Fin Loss Across Teleost Fishes. Syst Biol 2018; 67:559-575. [PMID: 29325126 PMCID: PMC6005059 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data synthesis required for large-scale macroevolutionary studies is challenging with the current tools available for integration. Using a classic question regarding the frequency of paired fin loss in teleost fishes as a case study, we sought to create automated methods to facilitate the integration of broad-scale trait data with a sizable species-level phylogeny. Similar to the evolutionary pattern previously described for limbs, pelvic and pectoral fin reduction and loss are thought to have occurred independently multiple times in the evolution of fishes. We developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify the presence and absence of pectoral and pelvic fins of 12,582 species. To do this, we integrated a synthetic morphological supermatrix of phenotypic data for the pectoral and pelvic fins for teleost fishes from the Phenoscape Knowledgebase (two presence/absence characters for 3047 taxa) with a species-level tree for teleost fishes from the Open Tree of Life project (38,419 species). The integration method detailed herein harnessed a new combined approach by utilizing data based on ontological inference, as well as phylogenetic propagation, to reduce overall data loss. Using inference enabled by ontology-based annotations, missing data were reduced from 98.0% to 85.9%, and further reduced to 34.8% by phylogenetic data propagation. These methods allowed us to extend the data to an additional 11,293 species for a total of 12,582 species with trait data. The pectoral fin appears to have been independently lost in a minimum of 19 lineages and the pelvic fin in 48. Though interpretation is limited by lack of phylogenetic resolution at the species level, it appears that following loss, both pectoral and pelvic fins were regained several (3) to many (14) times respectively. Focused investigation into putative regains of the pectoral fin, all within one clade (Anguilliformes), showed that the pectoral fin was regained at least twice following loss. Overall, this study points to specific teleost clades where strategic phylogenetic resolution and genetic investigation will be necessary to understand the pattern and frequency of pectoral fin reversals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Pasan C Fernando
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Josh S Hanscom
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - James P Balhoff
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, 100 Europa Drive Suite 540, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Paula M Mabee
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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18
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Smith WL, Stern JH, Girard MG, Davis MP. Evolution of Venomous Cartilaginous and Ray-Finned Fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:950-961. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Coluccia E, Deidda F, Cannas R, Lobina C, Cuccu D, Deiana AM, Salvadori S. Comparative cytogenetics of six Indo-Pacific moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) by chromosomal banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:634-645. [PMID: 26242690 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comparative cytogenetic analysis, using both conventional staining techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization, of six Indo-Pacific moray eels from three different genera (Gymnothorax fimbriatus, Gymnothorax flavimarginatus, Gymnothorax javanicus, Gymnothorax undulatus, Echidna nebulosa and Gymnomuraena zebra), was carried out to investigate the chromosomal differentiation in the family Muraenidae. Four species displayed a diploid chromosome number 2n = 42, which is common among the Muraenidae. Two other species, G. javanicus and G. flavimarginatus, were characterized by different chromosome numbers (2n = 40 and 2n = 36). For most species, a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin was detected in the chromosomes, with species-specific C-banding patterns that enabled pairing of the homologous chromosomes. In all species, the major ribosomal genes were localized in the guanine-cytosine-rich region of one chromosome pair, but in different chromosomal locations. The (TTAGGG)n telomeric sequences were mapped onto chromosomal ends in all muraenid species studied. The comparison of the results derived from this study with those available in the literature confirms a substantial conservation of the diploid chromosome number in the Muraenidae and supports the hypothesis that rearrangements have occurred that have diversified their karyotypes. Furthermore, the finding of two species with different diploid chromosome numbers suggests that additional chromosomal rearrangements, such as Robertsonian fusions, have occurred in the karyotype evolution of the Muraenidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, sezione Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via T. Fiorelli, 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, sezione Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via T. Fiorelli, 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - R Cannas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, sezione Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via T. Fiorelli, 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C Lobina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, sezione Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via T. Fiorelli, 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D Cuccu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, sezione Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via T. Fiorelli, 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A M Deiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, sezione Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via T. Fiorelli, 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S Salvadori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, sezione Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via T. Fiorelli, 1, 09126, Cagliari, Italy
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20
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Springer VG, Johnson GD. The Gill-Arch Musculature ofProtanguilla, the Morphologically Most Primitive Eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes), Compared with That of Other Putatively Primitive Extant Eels and Other Elopomorphs. COPEIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-14-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dornburg A, Friedman M, Near TJ. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular and morphological data highlights uncertainty in the relationships of fossil and living species of Elopomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 89:205-18. [PMID: 25899306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Elopomorpha is one of the three main clades of living teleost fishes and includes a range of disparate lineages including eels, tarpons, bonefishes, and halosaurs. Elopomorphs were among the first groups of fishes investigated using Hennigian phylogenetic methods and continue to be the object of intense phylogenetic scrutiny due to their economic significance, diversity, and crucial evolutionary status as the sister group of all other teleosts. While portions of the phylogenetic backbone for Elopomorpha are consistent between studies, the relationships among Albula, Pterothrissus, Notacanthiformes, and Anguilliformes remain contentious and difficult to evaluate. This lack of phylogenetic resolution is problematic as fossil lineages are often described and placed taxonomically based on an assumed sister group relationship between Albula and Pterothrissus. In addition, phylogenetic studies using morphological data that sample elopomorph fossil lineages often do not include notacanthiform or anguilliform lineages, potentially introducing a bias toward interpreting fossils as members of the common stem of Pterothrissus and Albula. Here we provide a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences sampled from multiple nuclear genes that include representative taxa from Albula, Pterothrissus, Notacanthiformes and Anguilliformes. We integrate our molecular dataset with a morphological character matrix that spans both living and fossil elopomorph lineages. Our results reveal substantial uncertainty in the placement of Pterothrissus as well as all sampled fossil lineages, questioning the stability of the taxonomy of fossil Elopomorpha. However, despite topological uncertainty, our integration of fossil lineages into a Bayesian time calibrated framework provides divergence time estimates for the clade that are consistent with previously published age estimates based on the elopomorph fossil record and molecular estimates resulting from traditional node-dating methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dornburg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Matt Friedman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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22
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Chen JN, López JA, Lavoué S, Miya M, Chen WJ. Phylogeny of the Elopomorpha (Teleostei): Evidence from six nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 70:152-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Baldwin CC. The phylogenetic significance of colour patterns in marine teleost larvae. Zool J Linn Soc 2013; 168:496-563. [PMID: 24039297 PMCID: PMC3770931 DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyologists, natural-history artists, and tropical-fish aquarists have described, illustrated, or photographed colour patterns in adult marine fishes for centuries, but colour patterns in marine fish larvae have largely been neglected. Yet the pelagic larval stages of many marine fishes exhibit subtle to striking, ephemeral patterns of chromatophores that warrant investigation into their potential taxonomic and phylogenetic significance. Colour patterns in larvae of over 200 species of marine teleosts, primarily from the western Caribbean, were examined from digital colour photographs, and their potential utility in elucidating evolutionary relationships at various taxonomic levels was assessed. Larvae of relatively few basal marine teleosts exhibit erythrophores, xanthophores, or iridophores (i.e. nonmelanistic chromatophores), but one or more of those types of chromatophores are visible in larvae of many basal marine neoteleosts and nearly all marine percomorphs. Whether or not the presence of nonmelanistic chromatophores in pelagic marine larvae diagnoses any major teleost taxonomic group cannot be determined based on the preliminary survey conducted, but there is a trend toward increased colour from elopomorphs to percomorphs. Within percomorphs, patterns of nonmelanistic chromatophores may help resolve or contribute evidence to existing hypotheses of relationships at multiple levels of classification. Mugilid and some beloniform larvae share a unique ontogenetic transformation of colour pattern that lends support to the hypothesis of a close relationship between them. Larvae of some tetraodontiforms and lophiiforms are strikingly similar in having the trunk enclosed in an inflated sac covered with xanthophores, a character that may help resolve the relationships of these enigmatic taxa. Colour patterns in percomorph larvae also appear to diagnose certain groups at the interfamilial, familial, intergeneric, and generic levels. Slight differences in generic colour patterns, including whether the pattern comprises xanthophores or erythrophores, often distinguish species. The homology, ontogeny, and possible functional significance of colour patterns in larvae are discussed. Considerably more investigation of larval colour patterns in marine teleosts is needed to assess fully their value in phylogenetic reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole C Baldwin
- Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC, 20560, USA
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24
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Santini F, Kong X, Sorenson L, Carnevale G, Mehta RS, Alfaro ME. A multi-locus molecular timescale for the origin and diversification of eels (Order: Anguilliformes). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:884-94. [PMID: 23831455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anguilliformes are an ecologically diverse group of predominantly marine fishes whose members are easily recognized by their extremely elongate bodies, and universal lack of pelvic fins. Recent studies based on mitochondrial loci, including full mitogenomes, have called into question the monophyly of both the Anguilliformes, which appear to be paraphyletic without the inclusion of the Saccopharyngiformes (gulper eels and allies), as well as other more commonly known eel families (e.g., Congridae, Serrivomeridae). However, no study to date has investigated anguilliform interrelationships using nuclear loci. Here we present a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the Anguilliformes based on five markers (the nuclear loci Early Growth Hormone 3, Myosin Heavy Polypeptide 6 and Recombinase Activating Gene 1, as well as the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome b and Cytochrome Oxidase I). Our sampling spans 148 species and includes 19 of the 20 extant families of anguilliforms and saccopharyngiforms. Maximum likelihood analysis reveals that saccopharyngiform eels are deeply nested within the anguilliforms, and supports the non-monophyly of Congridae and Nettastomatidae, as well as that of Derichthyidae and Chlopsidae. Our analyses suggest that Protanguilla may be the sister group of the Synaphobranchidae, though the recent hypothesis that this species is the sister group to all other anguilliforms cannot be rejected. The molecular phylogeny, time-calibrated using a Bayesian relaxed clock approach and seven fossil calibration points, reveals a Late Cretaceous origin of this expanded anguilliform clade (stem age ~116 Ma, crown age ~99 Ma). Most major (family level) lineages originated between the end of the Cretaceous and Early Eocene, suggesting that anguilliform radiation may have been facilitated by the recovery of marine ecosystems following the KP extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santini
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 610 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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