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Lopez-Mendez TB, Santos-Vizcaino E, Pedraz JL, Orive G, Hernandez RM. Cell microencapsulation technologies for sustained drug delivery: Latest advances in efficacy and biosafety. J Control Release 2021; 335:619-636. [PMID: 34116135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of cell microencapsulation systems began several decades ago. However, today few systems have been tested in clinical trials. For this reason, in the last years, researchers have directed efforts towards trying to solve some of the key aspects that still limit efficacy and biosafety, the two major criteria that must be satisfied to reach the clinical practice. Regarding the efficacy, which is closely related to biocompatibility, substantial improvements have been made, such as the purification or chemical modification of the alginates that normally form the microspheres. Each of the components that make up the microcapsules has been carefully selected to avoid toxicities that can damage the encapsulated cells or generate an immune response leading to pericapsular fibrosis. As for the biosafety, researchers have developed biological circuits capable of actively responding to the needs of the patients to precisely and accurately release the demanded drug dose. Furthermore, the structure of the devices has been subject of study to adequately protect the encapsulated cells and prevent their spread in the body. The objective of this review is to describe the latest advances made by scientist to improve the efficacy and biosafety of cell microencapsulation systems for sustained drug delivery, also highlighting those points that still need to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania B Lopez-Mendez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore.
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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2
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Safarova Y, Umbayev B, Hortelano G, Askarova S. Mesenchymal stem cells modifications for enhanced bone targeting and bone regeneration. Regen Med 2020; 15:1579-1594. [PMID: 32297546 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In pathological bone conditions (e.g., osteoporotic fractures or critical size bone defects), increasing the pool of osteoblast progenitor cells is a promising therapeutic approach to facilitate bone healing. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to the osteogenic lineage, a number of clinical trials investigated the potential of MSCs transplantation for bone regeneration. However, the engraftment of transplanted cells is often hindered by insufficient oxygen and nutrients supply and the tendency of MSCs to home to different sites of the body. In this review, we discuss various approaches of MSCs transplantation for bone regeneration including scaffold and hydrogel constructs, genetic modifications and surface engineering of the cell membrane aimed to improve homing and increase cell viability, proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Safarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,School of Engineering & Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Sciences & Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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3
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Ashimova A, Yegorov S, Negmetzhanov B, Hortelano G. Cell Encapsulation Within Alginate Microcapsules: Immunological Challenges and Outlook. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:380. [PMID: 31850335 PMCID: PMC6901392 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell encapsulation is a bioengineering technology that provides live allogeneic or xenogeneic cells packaged in a semipermeable immune-isolating membrane for therapeutic applications. The concept of cell encapsulation was first proposed almost nine decades ago, however, and despite its potential, the technology has yet to deliver its promise. The few clinical trials based on cell encapsulation have not led to any licensed therapies. Progress in the field has been slow, in part due to the complexity of the technology, but also because of the difficulties encountered when trying to prevent the immune responses generated by the various microcapsule components, namely the polymer, the encapsulated cells, the therapeutic transgenes and the DNA vectors used to genetically engineer encapsulated cells. While the immune responses induced by polymers such as alginate can be minimized using highly purified materials, the need to cope with the immunogenicity of encapsulated cells is increasingly seen as key in preventing the immune rejection of microcapsules. The encapsulated cells are recognized by the host immune cells through a bidirectional exchange of immune mediators, which induce both the adaptive and innate immune responses against the engrafted capsules. The potential strategies to cope with the immunogenicity of encapsulated cells include the selective diffusion restriction of immune mediators through capsule pores and more recently inclusion in microcapsules of immune modulators such as CXCL12. Combining these strategies with the use of well-characterized cell lines harboring the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells should encourage the incorporation of cell encapsulation technology in state-of-the-art drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Ashimova
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Department of Pedagogical Mathematics and Natural Science, Faculty of Education and Humanities, Suleyman Demirel University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Baurzhan Negmetzhanov
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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4
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Shomali N, Gharibi T, Vahedi G, Mohammed RN, Mohammadi H, Salimifard S, Marofi F. Mesenchymal stem cells as carrier of the therapeutic agent in the gene therapy of blood disorders. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4120-4134. [PMID: 31691976 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonhematopoietic stem cells as a delivery platform of therapeutic useful genes have attracted widespread attention in recent years, owing to gained a long lifespan, easy separation, high proliferation, and high transfection capacity. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are the choice of the cells for gene and cell therapy due to high self-renewal capacity, high migration rate to the site of the tumor, and with immune suppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, it has a high potential of safety genetic modification of MSCs for antitumor gene expression and has paved the way for the clinical application of these cells to target the therapy of cancers and other diseases. The aim of gene therapy is targeted treatment of cancers and diseases through recovery, change, or enhancement cell performance to the sustained secretion of useful therapeutic proteins and induction expression of the functional gene in intended tissue. Recent developments in the vectors designing leading to the increase and durability of expression and improvement of the safety of the vectors that overcome a lot of problems, such as durability of expression and the host immune response. Nowadays, gene therapy approach is used by MSCs as a delivery vehicle in the preclinical and the clinical trials for the secretion of erythropoietin, recombinant antibodies, coagulation factors, cytokines, as well as angiogenic inhibitors in many blood disorders like anemia, hemophilia, and malignancies. In this study, we critically discuss the status of gene therapy by MSCs as a delivery vehicle for the treatment of blood disorders. Finally, the results of clinical trial studies are assessed, highlighting promising advantages of this emerging technology in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Vahedi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rebar N Mohammed
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Suleimanyah, Iraq.,Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Suleimanyah, Iraq
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sevda Salimifard
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Montalbano G, Toumpaniari S, Popov A, Duan P, Chen J, Dalgarno K, Scott WE, Ferreira AM. Synthesis of bioinspired collagen/alginate/fibrin based hydrogels for soft tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:236-246. [PMID: 30033251 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural polymers offer a range of properties to mimic the native extracellular matrix, and provide microenvironments to preserve cellular function and encourage tissue formation. A tri-component hydrogel using collagen, alginate and fibrin (CAF) was developed and investigated at three collagen concentrations for application as a functional extracellular matrix analogue. Physical-chemical characterization of CAF hydrogels demonstrated a thermo-responsive crosslinking capacity at physiological conditions with stiffness similar to native soft tissues. CAF hydrogels were also assessed for cytocompatibility using L929 murine fibroblasts, pancreatic MIN6 β-cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); and demonstrated good cell viability, proliferation and metabolic activity after 7 days of in vitro culture. CAF hydrogels, especially with 2.5% w/v collagen, increased alkaline phosphatase production in hMSCs indicating potential for the promotion of osteogenic activity. Moreover, CAF hydrogels also increased metabolic activity of MIN6 β-cells and promoted the reconstitution of spherical pseudoislets with sizes ranging between 50 and 150 μm at day 7, demonstrating potential in diabetic therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Montalbano
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - S Toumpaniari
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - A Popov
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - P Duan
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - J Chen
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - K Dalgarno
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - W E Scott
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - A M Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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6
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Ke Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Xiao M, Fan J, Fu P, Wang S, Wu G. Cell-loaded carboxymethylcellulose microspheres sustain viability and proliferation of ATDC5 cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:140-151. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1452751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caikun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Garate A, Ciriza J, Casado JG, Blazquez R, Pedraz JL, Orive G, Hernandez RM. Assessment of the Behavior of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Immobilized in Biomimetic Alginate Microcapsules. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3953-62. [PMID: 26448513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomimetic matrices for cell-based therapies has led to enormous advances, including the field of cell microencapsulation technology. In the present work, we have evaluated the potential of genetically modified MSCs from mice bone marrow, D1-MSCs, immobilized in alginate microcapsules with different RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) densities. Results demonstrated that the microcapsules represent a suitable platform for D1-MSC encapsulation since cell immobilization into alginate matrices does not affect their main characteristics. The in vitro study showed a higher activity of D1-MSCs when they are immobilized in RGD-modified alginate microcapsules, obtaining the highest therapeutic factor secretion with low and intermediate densities of the bioactive molecule. In addition, the inclusion of RGD increased the differentiation potential of immobilized cells upon specific induction. However, subcutaneous implantation did not induce differentiation of D1-MSCs toward any lineage remaining at an undifferentiated state in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Garate
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country , Vitoria, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country , Vitoria, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria, Spain
| | - Javier G Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit "Jesús Usón", Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre , Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rebeca Blazquez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit "Jesús Usón", Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre , Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country , Vitoria, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country , Vitoria, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country , Vitoria, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria, Spain
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8
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Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects. Cryobiology 2015; 71:181-97. [PMID: 26186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally isolated from bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have since been obtained from various fetal and post-natal tissues and are the focus of an increasing number of clinical trials. Because of their tremendous potential for cellular therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, it is desirable to cryopreserve and bank MSCs to increase their access and availability. A remarkable amount of research and resources have been expended towards optimizing the protocols, freezing media composition, cooling devices and storage containers, as well as developing good manufacturing practices in order to ensure that MSCs retain their therapeutic characteristics following cryopreservation and that they are safe for clinical use. Here, we first present an overview of the identification of MSCs, their tissue sources and the properties that render them suitable as a cellular therapeutic. Next, we discuss the responses of cells during freezing and focus on the traditional and novel approaches used to cryopreserve MSCs. We conclude that viable MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of freezing protocols, cryoprotectants, storage periods and temperatures. However, alterations in certain functions of MSCs following cryopreservation warrant future investigations on the recovery of cells post-thaw followed by expansion of functional cells in order to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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9
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Garate A, Santos E, Pedraz JL, Hernández RM, Orive G. Evaluation of different RGD ligand densities in the development of cell-based drug delivery systems. J Drug Target 2015; 23:806-12. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Hemophilia is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder consisting of two classifications, hemophilia A and hemophilia B, depending on the underlying mutation. Although the disease is currently treatable with intravenous delivery of replacement recombinant clotting factor, this approach represents a significant cost both monetarily and in terms of quality of life. Gene therapy is an attractive alternative approach to the treatment of hemophilia that would ideally provide life-long correction of clotting activity with a single injection. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of approaches that have been explored for the treatment of both hemophilia A and B, including both in vivo and ex vivo approaches with viral and nonviral delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Roland W Herzog
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Gainesville, FL 32610
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11
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Doering CB, Spencer HT. Replacing bad (F)actors: hemophilia. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:461-467. [PMID: 25696895 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilia A and B are bleeding disorders that result from functional deficiencies in specific circulating blood clotting factors termed factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX), respectively, and collectively display an incidence of 1 in 4000 male births. Stem cell transplantation therapies hold the promise of providing a cure for hemophilia, but currently available transplantable stem cell products do not confer endogenous FIX or FVIII biosynthesis. For this reason, stem cell-based approaches for hemophilia have focused primarily on genetic engineering of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. While pluripotent stem cells have been branded with high expectation and promise, they remain poorly characterized in terms of clinical utility and safety. In contrast, adult-lineage-restricted stem cells are established agents in the clinical armamentarium. Of the clinically established stem cell types, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most utilized and represent the standard of care for several genetic and acquired diseases. Furthermore, HSCs are ideal cellular vehicles for gene therapy applications because they self-renew, repopulate the entire blood lineage while concurrently amplifying the transgene copy number >10(6) fold, and also have direct access to the bloodstream. Current research on HSC transplantation gene therapy approaches for hemophilia A and B is focused on the following: (1) identification of safe and efficient methods of nucleic acid transfer, (2) optimization of transgene product expression, (3) minimization of conditioning-regimen-related toxicity while maintaining HSC engraftment, and (4) overcoming preexisting immunity. Based on the existing data and current rate of progress, clinical trials of HSC transplantation gene therapy for hemophilia are predicted to begin in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Doering
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Dodd M, Marquez-Curtis L, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Hortelano G. Sustained expression of coagulation factor IX by modified cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Gene Med 2014; 16:131-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Dodd
- School of Biomedical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jimma Institute of Technology; Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Leah Marquez-Curtis
- Centre for Innovation (formerly Research and Development); Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Anna Janowska-Wieczorek
- Centre for Innovation (formerly Research and Development); Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Biomedical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Nazarbayev University; Astana Republic of Kazakhstan
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