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Pancreatic Stone Protein as a Biomarker for Sepsis at the Emergency Department of a Large Tertiary Hospital. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050559. [PMID: 35631080 PMCID: PMC9145478 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of sepsis is essential for improving outcomes and preventing complications such as organ failure, depression, and neurocognitive impairment. The emergency department (ED) plays a key role in the early identification of sepsis, but clinicians lack diagnostic tools. Potentially, biomarkers could be helpful in assisting clinicians in the ED, but no marker has yet been successfully implemented in daily practice with good clinical performance. Pancreatic stone protein (PSP) is a promising biomarker in the context of sepsis, but little is known about the diagnostic performance of PSP in the ED. We prospectively investigated the diagnostic value of PSP in such a population for patients suspected of infection. PSP was compared with currently used biomarkers, including white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Of the 156 patients included in this study, 74 (47.4%) were diagnosed with uncomplicated infection and 26 (16.7%) patients with sepsis, while 56 (35.9%) eventually had no infection. PSP was significantly higher for sepsis patients compared to patients with no sepsis. In multivariate regression, PSP was a significant predictor for sepsis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69. Positive and negative predictive values for this model were 100% and 84.4%, respectively. Altogether, these findings show that PSP, measured at the ED of a tertiary hospital, is associated with sepsis but lacks the diagnostic performance to be used as single marker.
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The Potential Role of REG Family Proteins in Inflammatory and Inflammation-Associated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137196. [PMID: 34281249 PMCID: PMC8268738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating gene (REG) family proteins serve as multifunctional secretory molecules with trophic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and probably immuno-regulatory effects. Since their discovery, accumulating evidence has clarified the potential roles of the REG family in the occurrence, progression and development of a wide range of inflammatory and inflammation-associated diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, significant gaps still exist due to the undefined nature of certain receptors, regulatory signaling pathways and possible interactions among distinct Reg members. In this narrative review, we first describe the structural features, distribution pattern and purported regulatory mechanisms of REG family proteins. Furthermore, we summarize the established and proposed roles of REG proteins in the pathogenesis of various inflammation-associated pathologies of the GI tract and the body as a whole, focusing particularly on carcinogenesis in the ulcerative colitis—colitic cancer sequence and gastric cancer. Finally, the clinical relevance of REG products in the context of diagnosis, treatment and prognostication are also discussed in detail. The current evidence suggests a need to better understanding the versatile roles of Reg family proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory-associated diseases, and their broadened future usage as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is anticipated.
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Qiu BM, Wang P, Li J. Salprzesides A and B: two novel icetexane diterpenes with antiangiogenic activity from Salvia przewalskii Maxim. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2479-2485. [PMID: 33843371 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1906666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel icetexane diterpenes were isolated from Salvia przewalskii Maxim., namely Salprzesides A (1) and B (2), together with two known abietane-type diterpenes respectively identified as sahandinone (3) and miltirone (4). The structures of isolated compounds were determined by UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The in vitro antiangiogenic activities of compounds 1-4 were studied against human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). The IC50 values of compounds 1-4 ranged from 4.22 ± 1.07 to 39.31 ± 2.17 μM against HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Ming Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Tsuchida C, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Taked M, Itaya-Hironaka A, Yamauchi A, Misu M, Shobatake R, Uchiyama T, Makino M, Pujol-Autonell I, Vives-Pi M, Ohbayashi C, Takasawa S. Expression of REG family genes in human inflammatory bowel diseases and its regulation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:198-205. [PMID: 29090282 PMCID: PMC5655384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reflects a balance between mucosal injury and reparative mechanisms. Some regenerating gene (Reg) family members have been reported to be expressed in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and to be involved as proliferative mucosal factors in IBD. However, expression of all REG family genes in IBD is still unclear. Here, we analyzed expression of all REG family genes (REG Iα, REG Iβ, REG III, HIP/PAP, and REG IV) in biopsy specimens of UC and CD by real-time RT-PCR. REG Iα, REG Iβ, and REG IV genes were overexpressed in CD samples. REG IV gene was also overexpressed in UC samples. We further analyzed the expression mechanisms of REG Iα, REG Iβ, and REG IV genes in human colon cells. The expression of REG Iα was significantly induced by IL-6 or IL-22, and REG Iβ was induced by IL-22. Deletion analyses revealed that three regions (- 220 to - 211, - 179 to - 156, and - 146 to - 130) in REG Iα and the region (- 274 to- 260) in REG Iβ promoter were responsible for the activation by IL-22/IL-6. The promoters contain consensus transcription factor binding sequences for MZF1, RTEF1/TEAD4, and STAT3 in REG Iα, and HLTF/FOXN2F in REG Iβ, respectively. The introduction of siRNAs for MZF1, RTEF1/TEAD4, STAT3, and HLTF/FOXN2F abolished the transcription of REG Iα and REG Iβ. The gene activation mechanisms of REG Iα/REG Iβ may play a role in colon mucosal regeneration in IBD.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn's disease
- CDX2, caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2
- Celiac disease
- Crohn's disease
- FOXN2, forkhead box protein N2
- GATA6, GATA DNA-binding protein 6
- HLTF, helicase-like transcription factor
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- MZF1, myeloid zinc finger 1
- REG family genes
- REG, regenerating gene
- RTEF1, related transcriptional enhancer factor-1
- SOCS3, suppressors of the cytokine signaling 3
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TEAD4, TEA Domain transcription Factor 4
- Transcription
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikatsugu Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.,Saiseikai Nara Hospital, Nara 630-8145, Japan
| | | | - Maiko Taked
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai 591-8025, Japan
| | | | - Akiyo Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masayasu Misu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ryogo Shobatake
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mai Makino
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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Geng J, Fan J, Wang Q, Zhang XP, Kang L, Li QY, Xu YF, Peng B, Zheng JH, Yao XD. Decreased REG1α expression suppresses growth, invasion and angiogenesis of bladder cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017; 43:837-846. [PMID: 28209239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous study has indicated association between REG1α and bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Regenerating gene I alpha (REG1α) in bladder cancer. METHODS The role of REG1α in bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration and VEGF-induced angiogenesis was explored in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was assessed to determine the expression of REG1α in ten paired bladder cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and in 296 bladder cancer samples. RESULTS Down-regulation of REG1α expression significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. VEGF expression in bladder cancer is associated with REG1α expression and recurrence. REG1α was overexpressed in bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal samples. Patients with elevated REG1α exhibited shorter recurrence times and poor survival. CONCLUSION Downregulation of REG1α expression can reduce tumor growth, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Our study demonstrates that REG1α can be used as a marker of recurrence and prognosis in bladder cancer. Therefore, REG1α targeting in bladder cancer patients represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Geng
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - J Fan
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - X-P Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - L Kang
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Q-Y Li
- Department of Pathology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Y-F Xu
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - B Peng
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - J-H Zheng
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - X-D Yao
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The regenerating gene (Reg) was identified in regenerating islets and its related genes were revealed to constitute the Reg gene family. Reg family proteins act as growth factors for several cells. Recently, autoimmunity against the Reg family proteins has been reported in several diseases. In addition, the Reg family genes were found to be expressed in a large number of cancers and to influence prognosis. AREAS COVERED The historical background and current view of the structure, function, and expression of Reg family genes/proteins and their physiological/pathological significance in several diseases are described. Based on the findings, the diagnostic/therapeutic potential of Reg family genes/proteins is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Autoimmunity against Reg family proteins may be a new diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases. Treatment aimed at the expansion of the β-cell mass by the Reg genes/proteins, combined with the abrogation of autoimmunity, constitutes a potential approach for the treatment of diabetes. Conversely, some cancer cells have gained the ability to overexpress the Reg genes/proteins, thereby enhancing their proliferative capacities, resulting in these cells having a considerable growth advantage. Thus, the Reg genes/proteins are expected to be a new prognostic marker in cancer and/or a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takasawa
- a Department of Biochemistry , Nara Medical University , Kashihara , Japan
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