1
|
Gachara G, Suleiman R, Kilima B, Taoussi M, El Kadili S, Fauconnier ML, Barka EA, Vujanovic V, Lahlali R. Pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin contamination and management strategies of Aspergillus spoilage in East African Community maize: review of etiology and climatic susceptibility. Mycotoxin Res 2024:10.1007/s12550-024-00555-0. [PMID: 39264500 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Globally, maize (Zea mays L.) is deemed an important cereal that serves as a staple food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. Across the East African Community, maize is the staple food responsible for providing over one-third of calories in diets. Ideally, stored maize functions as man-made grain ecosystems, with nutritive quality changes influenced predominantly by chemical, biological, and physical factors. Food spoilage and fungal contamination are convergent reasons that contribute to the exacerbation of mycotoxins prevalence, particularly when storage conditions have deteriorated. In Kenya, aflatoxins are known to be endemic with the 2004 acute aflatoxicosis outbreak being described as one of the most ravaging epidemics in the history of human mycotoxin poisoning. In Tanzania, the worst aflatoxin outbreak occurred in 2016 with case fatalities reaching 50%. Similar cases of aflatoxicoses have also been reported in Uganda, scenarios that depict the severity of mycotoxin contamination across this region. Rwanda, Burundi, and South Sudan seemingly have minimal occurrences and fatalities of aflatoxicoses and aflatoxin contamination. Low diet diversity tends to aggravate human exposure to aflatoxins since maize, as a dietetic staple, is highly aflatoxin-prone. In light of this, it becomes imperative to formulate and develop workable control frameworks that can be embraced in minimizing aflatoxin contamination throughout the food chain. This review evaluates the scope and magnitude of aflatoxin contamination in post-harvest maize and climate susceptibility within an East African Community context. The paper also treats the potential green control strategies against Aspergillus spoilage including biocontrol-prophylactic handling for better and durable maize production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gachara
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Route Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, 50001, Meknès, Morocco.
- Department of AgroBiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco.
- Department of Food Sciences and Agro-Processing, School of Engineering and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - R Suleiman
- Department of Food Sciences and Agro-Processing, School of Engineering and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - B Kilima
- Department of Food Sciences and Agro-Processing, School of Engineering and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - M Taoussi
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Route Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, 50001, Meknès, Morocco
- Environment and Valorization of Microbial and Plant Resources Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknès, Morocco
| | - S El Kadili
- Department of Animal Production, Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès, Route Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, 50001, Meknes, Morocco
| | - M L Fauconnier
- Gembloux AgroBiotech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - E A Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, Reims, France
| | - V Vujanovic
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - R Lahlali
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Route Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, 50001, Meknès, Morocco.
- Department of AgroBiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vanegas KG, Rendsvig JKH, Jarczynska ZD, Cortes MVDCB, van Esch AP, Morera-Gómez M, Contesini FJ, Mortensen UH. A Mad7 System for Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010016. [PMID: 36675838 PMCID: PMC9865164 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of CRISPR technologies has revolutionized strain engineering in filamentous fungi. However, its use in commercial applications has been hampered by concerns over intellectual property (IP) ownership, and there is a need for implementing Cas nucleases that are not limited by complex IP constraints. One promising candidate in this context is the Mad7 enzyme, and we here present a versatile Mad7-CRISPR vector-set that can be efficiently used for the genetic engineering of four different Aspergillus species: Aspergillus nidulans, A. niger, A. oryzae and A. campestris, the latter being a species that has never previously been genetically engineered. We successfully used Mad7 to introduce unspecific as well as specific template-directed mutations including gene disruptions, gene insertions and gene deletions. Moreover, we demonstrate that both single-stranded oligonucleotides and PCR fragments equipped with short and long targeting sequences can be used for efficient marker-free gene editing. Importantly, our CRISPR/Mad7 system was functional in both non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) proficient and deficient strains. Therefore, the newly implemented CRISPR/Mad7 was efficient to promote gene deletions and integrations using different types of DNA repair in four different Aspergillus species, resulting in the expansion of CRISPR toolboxes in fungal cell factories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Garcia Vanegas
- Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kræmmer Haar Rendsvig
- Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zofia Dorota Jarczynska
- Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Abel Peter van Esch
- Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martí Morera-Gómez
- Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabiano Jares Contesini
- Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Uffe Hasbro Mortensen
- Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Glässnerová K, Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Yaguchi T, Visagie C, Gené J, Siqueira J, Kubátová A, Kolařík M, Hubka V. A monograph of Aspergillus section Candidi. Stud Mycol 2022; 102:1-51. [PMID: 36760463 PMCID: PMC9903906 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Candidi encompasses white- or yellow-sporulating species mostly isolated from indoor and cave environments, food, feed, clinical material, soil and dung. Their identification is non-trivial due to largely uniform morphology. This study aims to re-evaluate the species boundaries in the section Candidi and present an overview of all existing species along with information on their ecology. For the analyses, we assembled a set of 113 strains with diverse origin. For the molecular analyses, we used DNA sequences of three house-keeping genes (benA, CaM and RPB2) and employed species delimitation methods based on a multispecies coalescent model. Classical phylogenetic methods and genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) approaches were used for comparison. Phenotypic studies involved comparisons of macromorphology on four cultivation media, seven micromorphological characters and growth at temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 °C. Based on the integrative approach comprising four criteria (phylogenetic and phenotypic), all currently accepted species gained support, while two new species are proposed (A. magnus and A. tenebricus). In addition, we proposed the new name A. neotritici to replace an invalidly described A. tritici. The revised section Candidi now encompasses nine species, some of which manifest a high level of intraspecific genetic and/or phenotypic variability (e.g., A. subalbidus and A. campestris) while others are more uniform (e.g., A. candidus or A. pragensis). The growth rates on different media and at different temperatures, colony colours, production of soluble pigments, stipe dimensions and vesicle diameters contributed the most to the phenotypic species differentiation. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Aspergillus magnus Glässnerová & Hubka; Aspergillus neotritici Glässnerová & Hubka; Aspergillus tenebricus Houbraken, Glässnerová & Hubka. Citation: Glässnerová K, Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Yaguchi T, Visagie CM, Gené J, Siqueira JPZ, Kubátová A, Kolařík M, Hubka V (2022). A monograph of Aspergillus section Candidi. Studies in Mycology 102: 1-51. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Glässnerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F. Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Cinnaminson, New Jersey, USA
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T. Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J.P.Z. Siqueira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - A. Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu H, Zhu K, Li C, Wei C, Li F, Luan F, Li D, Song Q. First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum boninense on Spotted laurel in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:562. [PMID: 35749666 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0691-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spotted laurel (Aucuba japonica 'Variegata') is an evergreen shrub native to China, Korea and Japan, prized for its foliage of green and golden yellow mottled foliage (Fang and Hu 1990). In November 2020, about 50% of spotted laurel in Jiangxi Academy of Forestry (28°44'10''N, 115°49'1.62"E) at Jiangxi province were observed to have anthracnose-like symptoms. The typical symptoms were tended to coalesce to form initially dark brown specks on the leaves, which developed to nearly circular spots of the diameter no more than 1.2 cm and might join to large irregular spots. The spots were grayish white at the center, purple brown at the border and surrounded by a yellow halo. To isolate and identify the pathogen, 15 leaves with typical symptoms were sampled. Isolation and morphological analysis were performed following the method of Ding et al. (2021). Among 40 fungal isolates, 33 showed the same morphological characters. The colony on PDA was umbonate pink-gray in the center surrounding by white margin, the reverse was greyish-cream. The average mycelial growth rate was ca. 0.8 mm per day at 25±1°C on PDA. The conidia were hyaline, aseptate, straight, apex round and base round, mean ± SD = 16.50±3.75 μm × 7.50±2.50 μm. For further confirmation of the identity, six genes, including ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2, CAL and CHS-1 (Damm et al. 2012) were amplified and sequenced. The sequences of rDNA-ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2, CAL and CHS-1 of 1SJ5 were deposited in GenBank as: OM988385, ON009367-ON009371. Phylogenetic analysis based on the above six genes showed that isolates formed a single clade with the strains of Colletotrichum boninense. Pathogenicity tests of isolate 1SJ5 were carried out on the leaves in the field. The mycelial plugs of isolate 1SJ5 were applied on punctured leaves of A. japonica using a sterile needle in field. Inoculation with only a PDA plug served as controls. 14 -21 days, symptoms like those observed in the field, developed on the inoculated plants but not on the controls. The fungus was re-isolated from the margins of the leaf spots and identified by morphological and molecular characters. C. boninense has been reported as causing anthracnose on a broad range of hosts including strawberry (Bi et al. 2017), Eucalyptus robusta (Zhang and Zhu 2018), Alcantarea imperialis (Meneses et al. 2019), and so on. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf anthracnose on A. japonica caused by C. boninense in China and our findings will be useful for its management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed (JXAU), Nanchang 330045, China, Nanchang, China;
| | - Kexin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed (JXAU), Nanchang 330045, China, Nanchang, China;
| | - Chaozhi Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed (JXAU), Nanchang 330045, China , Nanchang, China;
| | - Chunhua Wei
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, Forest Protection, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed (JXAU), Nanchang 330045, China , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Fenggang Luan
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, Forest Protection, 1101 Zhimin Rd., Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, 330045;
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Protection and Restoration of Forest Ecosystem in Poyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Qingni Song
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed (JXAU), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Christiansen JV, Isbrandt T, Petersen C, Sondergaard TE, Nielsen MR, Pedersen TB, Sørensen JL, Larsen TO, Frisvad JC. Fungal quinones: diversity, producers, and applications of quinones from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8157-8193. [PMID: 34625822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quinones represent an important group of highly structurally diverse, mainly polyketide-derived secondary metabolites widely distributed among filamentous fungi. Many quinones have been reported to have important biological functions such as inhibition of bacteria or repression of the immune response in insects. Other quinones, such as ubiquinones are known to be essential molecules in cellular respiration, and many quinones are known to protect their producing organisms from exposure to sunlight. Most recently, quinones have also attracted a lot of industrial interest since their electron-donating and -accepting properties make them good candidates as electrolytes in redox flow batteries, like their often highly conjugated double bond systems make them attractive as pigments. On an industrial level, quinones are mainly synthesized from raw components in coal tar. However, the possibility of producing quinones by fungal cultivation has great prospects since fungi can often be grown in industrially scaled bioreactors, producing valuable metabolites on cheap substrates. In order to give a better overview of the secondary metabolite quinones produced by and shared between various fungi, mainly belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium, this review categorizes quinones into families such as emodins, fumigatins, sorbicillinoids, yanuthones, and xanthomegnins, depending on structural similarities and information about the biosynthetic pathway from which they are derived, whenever applicable. The production of these quinone families is compared between the different genera, based on recently revised taxonomy. KEY POINTS: • Quinones represent an important group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in important fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. • Quinones are of industrial interest and can be used in pharmacology, as colorants and pigments, and as electrolytes in redox flow batteries. • Quinones are grouped into families and compared between genera according to the revised taxonomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J V Christiansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Isbrandt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T E Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M R Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T B Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - J L Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heravi MM, Amiri Z, Kafshdarzadeh K, Zadsirjan V. Synthesis of indole derivatives as prevalent moieties present in selected alkaloids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33540-33612. [PMID: 35497516 PMCID: PMC9042329 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoles are a significant heterocyclic system in natural products and drugs. They are important types of molecules and natural products and play a main role in cell biology. The application of indole derivatives as biologically active compounds for the treatment of cancer cells, microbes, and different types of disorders in the human body has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Indoles, both natural and synthetic, show various biologically vital properties. Owing to the importance of this significant ring system, the investigation of novel methods of synthesis have attracted the attention of the chemical community. In this review, we aim to highlight the construction of indoles as a moiety in selected alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Zahra Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Kosar Kafshdarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaur M, Singla N, Bhalla M, Kundu R, Gulati N, Chander J. Aspergillus candidus eumycetoma with review of literature. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101135. [PMID: 33873148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mycetoma is a slowly progressive, chronic granulomatous infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues with involvement of underlying fasciae and bones, usually affecting extremities. In India, among mycetoma, the eumycetoma constitutes about 35% of cases. Hereby, we report the first case of eumycetoma caused by uncommon fungus, Aspergillus candidus. CASE REPORT A 61 year old female presented to the Department of Dermatology with history of swelling of right foot associated with multiple firm nodules of approx. 1.5 × 1.5 cm each over dorsum of foot with discharging sinus containing white color granules. Biopsy of lesion on right foot on direct KOH examination revealed septate hyphae. Histopathology examination showed a histiocytic granuloma with fungal elements. Culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar grew white mycelial colonies which were identified to be Aspergillus species phenotypically. Genetic sequencing using Internal transcribed spacer gene, beta tubulin gene and Calmodulin gene was done and the isolate was identified to be Aspergillus candidus. Lesion was excised and patient was started on itraconazole. CONCLUSION Timely identification and starting of antifungal treatment can help in reducing morbidity due to eumycetoma to a large extent. As newer and newer species of fungi are emerging as significant causative agents of human infections, it is pertinent to report such findings from epidemiological point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manharpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Singla
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Mala Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reetu Kundu
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdish Chander
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of cold plasma on wheat grain microbiome and antimicrobial efficacy against challenge pathogens and their resistance. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 335:108889. [PMID: 33007604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The safety and quality of cereal grain supplies are adversely impacted by microbiological contamination, with novel interventions required to maximise whole grains safety and stability. The microbiological contaminants of wheat grains and the efficacy of Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) for potential to control these risks were investigated. The evaluations were performed using a contained reactor dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system; samples were treated for 0-20 min using direct and indirect plasma exposure. Amplicon-based metagenomic analysis using bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal 18S rRNA gene with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was performed to characterize the change in microbial community composition in response to ACP treatment. The antimicrobial efficacy of ACP against a range of bacterial and fungal contaminants of wheat, was assessed to include individual isolates from grains as challenge pathogens. ACP influenced wheat microbiome composition, with a higher microbial diversity as well as abundance found on the untreated control grain samples. Culture and genomic approaches revealed different trends for mycoflora detection and control. A challenge study demonstrated that using direct mode of plasma exposure with 20 min of treatment significantly reduced the concentration of all pathogens. Overall, reduction levels for B. atrophaeus vegetative cells were higher than for all fungal species tested, whereas B. atrophaeus spores were the most resistant to ACP among all microorganisms tested. Of note, repeating sub-lethal plasma treatment did not induce resistance to ACP in either B. atrophaeus or A. flavus spores. ACP process control could be tailored to address diverse microbiological risks for grain stability and safety.
Collapse
|
9
|
Houbraken J, Kocsubé S, Visagie C, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, Kraak B, Hubka V, Bensch K, Samson R, Frisvad J. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera ( Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species. Stud Mycol 2020; 95:5-169. [PMID: 32855739 PMCID: PMC7426331 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotiales using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceae is introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae, Elaphomycetaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Eurotiales includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae (Aspergillago, Aspergillus, Evansstolkia, Hamigera, Leiothecium, Monascus, Penicilliopsis, Penicillium, Phialomyces, Pseudohamigera, Pseudopenicillium, Sclerocleista, Warcupiella, Xerochrysium and Xeromyces), eight in the Trichocomaceae (Acidotalaromyces, Ascospirella, Dendrosphaera, Rasamsonia, Sagenomella, Talaromyces, Thermomyces, Trichocoma), two in the Thermoascaceae (Paecilomyces, Thermoascus) and one in the Penicillaginaceae (Penicillago). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceae was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family (Elaphomyces and Pseudotulostoma). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillus and Penicillium. Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in Aspergillus and Penicillium is often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, e.g., the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in Aspergillus and Penicillium are invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, Aspergillus is subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and Penicillium in two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the Eurotiales is difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 Aspergillus, 354 Penicillium and 88 Talaromyces species were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 Aspergillus (32 % increase), 483 Penicillium (36 % increase) and 171 Talaromyces (94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the Eurotiales (except those belonging to Elaphomycetaceae). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences.
Collapse
Key Words
- Acidotalaromyces Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Acidotalaromyces lignorum (Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascospirella Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascospirella lutea (Zukal) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Aspergillus chaetosartoryae Hubka, Kocsubé & Houbraken
- Classification
- Evansstolkia Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Evansstolkia leycettana (H.C. Evans & Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Hamigera brevicompacta (H.Z. Kong) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Infrageneric classification
- New combinations, series
- New combinations, species
- New genera
- New names
- New sections
- New series
- New taxa
- Nomenclature
- Paecilomyces lagunculariae (C. Ram) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillaginaceae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago kabunica (Baghd.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago mirabilis (Beliakova & Milko) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago moldavica (Milko & Beliakova) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phialomyces arenicola (Chalab.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phialomyces humicoloides (Bills & Heredia) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phylogeny
- Polythetic classes
- Pseudohamigera Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Pseudohamigera striata (Raper & Fennell) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Talaromyces resinae (Z.T. Qi & H.Z. Kong) Houbraken & X.C. Wang
- Talaromyces striatoconidius Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Taxonomic novelties: New family
- Thermoascus verrucosus (Samson & Tansey) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Thermoascus yaguchii Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- in Aspergillus: sect. Bispori S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- in Aspergillus: ser. Acidohumorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Aspergillus: ser. Inflati (Stolk & Samson) Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: sect. Alfrediorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: ser. Adametziorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: ser. Alutacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Crypta Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Eremophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Formosana Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Griseola Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Inusitata Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Lasseniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Raperorum S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- sect. Silvatici S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- sect. Vargarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Alliacei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ambigui Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Angustiporcata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Arxiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Atramentosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Aurantiobrunnei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Avenacei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Bertholletiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Biplani Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brevicompacta Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brevipedes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brunneouniseriati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Buchwaldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Calidousti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Canini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Carbonarii Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cavernicolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cervini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Chevalierorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Circumdati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Clavigera Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Conjuncti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Copticolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Coremiiformes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Corylophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Costaricensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cremei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Crustacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Dalearum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Deflecti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Egyptiaci Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Erubescentia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Estinogena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Euglauca Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fennelliarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Flavi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Flavipedes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fortuita Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fumigati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Funiculosi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Gallaica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Georgiensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Goetziorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Gracilenta Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Halophilici Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Herqueorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Heteromorphi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Hoeksiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Homomorphi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Idahoensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Implicati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Improvisa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Indica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Japonici Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Jiangxiensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kalimarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kiamaensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kitamyces Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Lapidosa (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Leporum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Leucocarpi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Livida Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Longicatenata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Macrosclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Monodiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Multicolores Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Neoglabri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Neonivei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nidulantes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nigri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nivei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nodula Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nomiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Noonimiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ochraceorosei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Olivimuriarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Osmophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Paradoxa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Paxillorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Penicillioides Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Phoenicea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Pinetorum (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Pulvini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Quercetorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Raistrickiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ramigena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Restricti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Robsamsonia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Rolfsiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Roseopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Rubri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Salinarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Samsoniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Saturniformia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Scabrosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sclerotigena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sheariorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Simplicissima Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Soppiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sparsi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spathulati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spelaei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Speluncei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spinulosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Stellati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Steyniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sublectatica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sumatraensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Tamarindosolorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Teporium Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Terrei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thermomutati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thiersiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thomiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Unguium Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Unilaterales Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Usti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Verhageniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Versicolores Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Virgata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Viridinutantes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Vitricolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Wentiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Westlingiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Whitfieldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Xerophili Houbraken & Frisvad
- series Tularensia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - X.-C. Wang
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - M. Meijer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Kraak
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, Kongens Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin YK, Xie CL, Xing CP, Wang BQ, Tian XX, Xia JM, Jia LY, Pan YN, Yang XW. Cytotoxic p-terphenyls from the deep-sea-derived Aspergillus candidus. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1627-1631. [PMID: 31232100 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1633651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
From the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus candidus, one novel (1) and three known (2-4) p-terphenyl derivates were isolated. The structure of the new compound was established mainly on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. All four isolates were tested for in vitro anti-food allergic and antitumor bioactivities. Compounds 3 and 4 showed potent antiproliferative effect against four cancer cells of Hela, Eca-109, Bel-7402, and PANC-1 with IC50 values ranging from 5.5 μM to 9.4 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Lan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Cui-Ping Xing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Bao-Qu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Mei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling-Yun Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Ni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xian-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Klas KR, Kato H, Frisvad JC, Yu F, Newmister SA, Fraley AE, Sherman DH, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. Structural and stereochemical diversity in prenylated indole alkaloids containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system from marine and terrestrial fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:532-558. [PMID: 29632911 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2017 Various fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Malbranchea produce prenylated indole alkaloids possessing a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. After the discovery of distinct enantiomers of the natural alkaloids stephacidin A and notoamide B, from A. protuberus MF297-2 and A. amoenus NRRL 35660, another fungi, A. taichungensis, was found to produce their diastereomers, 6-epi-stephacidin A and versicolamide B, as major metabolites. Distinct enantiomers of stephacidin A and 6-epi-stephacidin A may be derived from a common precursor, notoamide S, by enzymes that form a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core via a putative intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition. This review provides our current understanding of the structural and stereochemical homologies and disparities of these alkaloids. Through the deployment of biomimetic syntheses, whole-genome sequencing, and biochemical studies, a unified biogenesis of both the dioxopiperazine and the monooxopiperazine families of prenylated indole alkaloids constituted of bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring systems is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Klas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Couger B, Weirick T, Damásio ARL, Segato F, Polizeli MDLTDM, de Almeida RSC, Goldman GH, Prade RA. The Genome of a Thermo Tolerant, Pathogenic Albino Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1827. [PMID: 30154766 PMCID: PMC6102483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotechnologists are interested in thermo tolerant fungi to manufacture enzymes active and stable at high temperatures, because they provide improved catalytic efficiency, strengthen enzyme substrate interactions, accelerate substrate enzyme conversion rates, enhance mass transfer, lower substrate viscosity, lessen contamination risk and offer the potential for enzyme recycling. Members of the genus Aspergillus live a wide variety of lifestyles, some embrace GRAS status routinely employed in food processing while others such as Aspergillus fumigatus are human pathogens. A. fumigatus produces melanins, pyomelanin protects the fungus against reactive oxygen species and DHN melanin produced by the pksP gene cluster confers the gray-greenish color. pksP mutants are attenuated in virulence. Here we report on the genomic DNA sequence of a thermo tolerant albino Aspergillus isolated from rain forest composted floors. Unexpectedly, the nucleotide sequence was 95.7% identical to the reported by Aspergillus fumigatus Af293. Genome size and predicted gene models were also highly similar, however differences in DNA content and conservation were observed. The albino strain, classified as Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus, had 160 gene models not present in A. fumigatus Af293 and A. fumigatus Af293 had 647 not found in the albino strain. Furthermore, the major pigment generating gene cluster pksP appeared to have undergone genomic rearrangements and a key tyrosinase present in many aspergilli was missing from the genome. Remarkably however, despite the lack of pigmentation A. fumigatus var. niveus killed neutropenic mice and survived macrophage engulfment at similar rates as A. fumigatus Af293.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Couger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Tyler Weirick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - André R. L. Damásio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, Campinas São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, Campinas São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biotecnologia da Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, Campinas São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rolf A. Prade
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, Campinas São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Siqueira JPZ, Wiederhold N, Gené J, García D, Almeida MTG, Guarro J. CrypticAspergillusfrom clinical samples in the USA and description of a new species in sectionFlavipedes. Mycoses 2018; 61:814-825. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Z. Siqueira
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto; Laboratório de Microbiologia; São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory; University of Texas Health Science Center; San Antonio Texas
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Dania García
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Margarete T. G. Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto; Laboratório de Microbiologia; São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ao XL, Yu X, Wu DT, Li C, Zhang T, Liu SL, Chen SJ, He L, Zhou K, Zou LK. Purification and characterization of neutral protease from Aspergillus oryzae Y1 isolated from naturally fermented broad beans. AMB Express 2018; 8:96. [PMID: 29896640 PMCID: PMC5997607 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The strain Y1, with a notably high production of neutral protease, was isolated from naturally fermented broad beans and subsequently identified as Aspergillus oryzae, through the analysis of its morphology characteristics and 18S rDNA sequence. Naturally fermented broad beans are the main raw material in Sichuan broad-bean sauce. The neutral protease from Aspergillus oryzae Y1 was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography, which resulted in a 10.0-fold increase in the specific activity (2264.3 U/mg) and a recovery rate of 21%. The estimated molecular mass of the purified protease was approximately 45 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified protease were 7.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The heat resistance of the purified protease was significantly higher than the commercial protease. The effect of metal ions on the activity of the purified protease approximated that of commercial neutral protease. Furthermore, the maximum hydrolysis rate (Vmax) and apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values of the purified protease were 256.4103 μg/mL min and 20.0769 mg/mL, respectively. The purified protease had a higher affinity for the substrate than the commercial neutral protease. All the results suggest that this neutral protease exhibits the potential for application in industry due to its good resistance to high temperatures and wide range of acids and bases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-lin Ao
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Xi Yu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Ding-tao Wu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Chao Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Shu-liang Liu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Shu-juan Chen
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Li He
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Li-kou Zou
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road 46, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buttachon S, Ramos AA, Inácio Â, Dethoup T, Gales L, Lee M, Costa PM, Silva AMS, Sekeroglu N, Rocha E, Pinto MMM, Pereira JA, Kijjoa A. Bis-Indolyl Benzenoids, Hydroxypyrrolidine Derivatives and Other Constituents from Cultures of the Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA0062. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E119. [PMID: 29642369 PMCID: PMC5923406 DOI: 10.3390/md16040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A previously unreported bis-indolyl benzenoid, candidusin D (2e) and a new hydroxypyrrolidine alkaloid, preussin C (5b) were isolated together with fourteen previously described compounds: palmitic acid, clionasterol, ergosterol 5,8-endoperoxides, chrysophanic acid (1a), emodin (1b), six bis-indolyl benzenoids including asterriquinol D dimethyl ether (2a), petromurin C (2b), kumbicin B (2c), kumbicin A (2d), 2″-oxoasterriquinol D methyl ether (3), kumbicin D (4), the hydroxypyrrolidine alkaloid preussin (5a), (3S, 6S)-3,6-dibenzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (6) and 4-(acetylamino) benzoic acid (7), from the cultures of the marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA 0062. Compounds 1a, 2a-e, 3, 4, 5a-b, and 6 were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative reference and multidrug-resistant strains isolated from the environment. Only 5a exhibited an inhibitory effect against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and E. faecalis ATCC29212 as well as both methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains. Both 1a and 5a also reduced significant biofilm formation in E. coli ATCC 25922. Moreover, 2b and 5a revealed a synergistic effect with oxacillin against MRSA S. aureus 66/1 while 5a exhibited a strong synergistic effect with the antibiotic colistin against E. coli 1410/1. Compound 1a, 2a-e, 3, 4, 5a-b, and 6 were also tested, together with the crude extract, for cytotoxic effect against eight cancer cell lines: HepG2, HT29, HCT116, A549, A 375, MCF-7, U-251, and T98G. Except for 1a, 2a, 2d, 4, and 6, all the compounds showed cytotoxicity against all the cancer cell lines tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suradet Buttachon
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Alice A Ramos
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Inácio
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Tida Dethoup
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand.
| | - Luís Gales
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (i3S-IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE 7 RH, UK.
| | - Paulo M Costa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nazim Sekeroglu
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Programme, Plant and Animal Sciences Department, Vocational School, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey.
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-3 13 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José A Pereira
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Lexões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vieille Oyarzo P, Cruz Choappa R, Piontelli Laforet E. [Isolation of Aspergillus tritici from internal environment (Chile): Ecological and clinical scope]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 51:66-70. [PMID: 29606397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor environments provide important protective habitats for humans, who live or work in them most of the time. Many of these environments lack ventilation, which affects the composition of microbial communities, especially that of the fungal community. The aim of this study is to report the isolation of Aspergillus section Candidi from indoor environments of the School of Medicine at Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile, and identification through morpho-physiological and molecular approaches. Their ecological and clinical features were highlighted. An environmental non-volumetric sampling was performed on PDA medium; 2 petri dishes were exposed in 10 different places to select the Aspergillus samples. Subcultures were performed on agar Czapek with yeast extract (CYA), malt extract agar (MEA) and creatin sacarose agar (CREA) media only for the morpho-physiological and later the molecular identification of white spore species. Of the 20 samples analyzed, one Aspergillus belonging to Candidi section was isolated. Based on its morphology and molecular features, it was classified as Aspergillustritici Mehrotra & Basu. Its ecology and medical relevance are reviewed and discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Frisvad J. A critical review of producers of small lactone mycotoxins: patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A very large number of filamentous fungi has been reported to produce the small lactone mycotoxins patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin. Among the 167 reported fungal producers of patulin, only production by 29 species could be confirmed. Patulin is produced by 3 Aspergillus species, 3 Paecilomyces species, 22 Penicillium species from 7 sections of Penicillium, and one Xylaria species. Among 101 reported producers of penicillic acid, 48 species could produce this mycotoxin. Penicillic acid is produced by 23 species in section Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Circumdati, by Malbranchea aurantiaca and by 24 Penicillium species from 9 sections in Penicillium and one species that does not actually belong to Penicillium (P. megasporum). Among 40 reported producers of moniliformin, five species have been regarded as doubtful producers of this mycotoxin or are now regarded as taxonomic synonyms. Moniliformin is produced by 34 Fusarium species and one Penicillium species. All the accepted producers of patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin were revised according to the new one fungus – one name nomenclatural system, and the most recently accepted taxonomy of the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hubka V, Nováková A, Jurjević Ž, Sklenář F, Frisvad JC, Houbraken J, Arendrup MC, Jørgensen KM, Siqueira JPZ, Gené J, Kolařík M. Polyphasic data support the splitting of Aspergillus candidus into two species; proposal of Aspergillus dobrogensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:995-1011. [PMID: 29458472 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus candidus is a species frequently isolated from stored grain, food, indoor environments, soil and occasionally also from clinical material. Recent bioprospecting studies highlighted the potential of using A. candidus and its relatives in various industrial sectors as a result of their significant production of enzymes and bioactive compounds. A high genetic variability was observed among A. candidus isolates originating from various European countries and the USA, that were mostly isolated from indoor environments, caves and clinical material. The A. candidus sensu lato isolates were characterized by DNA sequencing of four genetic loci, and agreement between molecular species delimitation results, morphological characters and exometabolite spectra were studied. Classical phylogenetic methods (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference) and species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model supported recognition of up to three species in A. candidus sensu lato. After evaluation of phenotypic data, a broader species concept was adopted, and only one new species, Aspergillus dobrogensis, was proposed. This species is represented by 22 strains originating from seven countries (ex-type strain CCF 4651T=NRRL 62821T=IBT 32697T=CBS 143370T) and its differentiation from A. candidus is relevant for bioprospecting studies because these species have different exometabolite profiles. Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of section Candidi members to six antifungals using the reference EUCAST method showed that all species have low minimum inhibitory concentrations for all tested antifungals. These results suggest applicability of a wide spectrum of antifungal agents for treatment of infections caused by species from section Candidi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vit Hubka
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - František Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maiken C Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - João P Z Siqueira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de SãoJosé do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The genus Aspergillus is among the economically most important fungal genera, which contains about 350 species. They occur worldwide, and have both beneficial and harmful effects on humans, animals, and plants. Several molecular sequence-based approaches have been tested to identify Aspergillus isolates at the species level. In this chapter, we give an overview of the methods which proved to be most suitable in our experience.
Collapse
|
20
|
Linking secondary metabolites to gene clusters through genome sequencing of six diverse Aspergillus species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E753-E761. [PMID: 29317534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715954115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus of Aspergillus is highly interesting, containing everything from industrial cell factories, model organisms, and human pathogens. In particular, this group has a prolific production of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). In this work, four diverse Aspergillus species (A. campestris, A. novofumigatus, A. ochraceoroseus, and A. steynii) have been whole-genome PacBio sequenced to provide genetic references in three Aspergillus sections. A. taichungensis and A. candidus also were sequenced for SM elucidation. Thirteen Aspergillus genomes were analyzed with comparative genomics to determine phylogeny and genetic diversity, showing that each presented genome contains 15-27% genes not found in other sequenced Aspergilli. In particular, A. novofumigatus was compared with the pathogenic species A. fumigatus This suggests that A. novofumigatus can produce most of the same allergens, virulence, and pathogenicity factors as A. fumigatus, suggesting that A. novofumigatus could be as pathogenic as A. fumigatus Furthermore, SMs were linked to gene clusters based on biological and chemical knowledge and analysis, genome sequences, and predictive algorithms. We thus identify putative SM clusters for aflatoxin, chlorflavonin, and ochrindol in A. ochraceoroseus, A. campestris, and A. steynii, respectively, and novofumigatonin, ent-cycloechinulin, and epi-aszonalenins in A. novofumigatus Our study delivers six fungal genomes, showing the large diversity found in the Aspergillus genus; highlights the potential for discovery of beneficial or harmful SMs; and supports reports of A. novofumigatus pathogenicity. It also shows how biological, biochemical, and genomic information can be combined to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of specific SMs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Y, Scott R, Hooper AR, Bartholomeusz GA, Kornienko A, Bills GF. Aspergillus candidus is a newly recognized source of sphaeropsidin A: Isolation, semi-synthetic derivatization and anticancer evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5436-5440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Foltinová D, Tančinová D, Císarová M. Influence of essential oils on the growth of aspergillus flavus. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper was focused on the determination of the inhibitory effect of selected essential oils on growth of ten isolates of Aspergillus flavus and their potential ability to produce mycotoxins in vitro by TLC method. The isolates were obtained from moldy bread of domestic origin. We followed the impact of five essential oils at 100% concentration - lemon, eucalyptus, oregano, sage and thyme. The effect of the essential oils we tested the gaseous diffusion method. We isolates grown on CYA (Czapek yeast extract agar), in the dark at 25 ±1 °C, 14 days. The diameter of colonies grown we continuously measured on the 3rd, 7th, 11th, and 14th day of cultivation. The results of the paper suggest that oregano and thyme essential oil had 100% inhibited the growth of all tested isolates of Aspergillus flavus. Lemon, eucalyptus and sage essential oil had not significant inhibitory effects on tested isolates Aspergillus flavus, but affected the growth of colonies throughout the cultivation. In addition to the inhibitory effect we witnessed the stimulative effect of lemon, eucalyptus and sage essential oil to some isolates. Together with the antifungal effect of essential oils, we monitored the ability of Aspergillus flavus isolates to produce mycotoxins - aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) in the presence of essential oils. Production mycotoxins we have seen in the last (14th) day of cultivation. Lemon and eucalyptus essential oil did not affect the production of mycotoxins. In the case of sage essential oil we were recorded cyclopiazonic acid production in three of the ten isolates from the all three repetitions, while neither isolate did not produced aflatoxin B1. The production of secondary metabolites was detected in all control samples. From the results we can say that oregano and thyme essential oil could be used as a natural preservative useful in the food industry.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nouripour-Sisakht S, Ahmadi B, Makimura K, Hoog SD, Umeda Y, Alshahni MM, Mirhendi H. Characterization of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene in a wide range of pathogenic Aspergillus species. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:419-429. [PMID: 28425876 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the resolving power of the translation elongation factor (TEF)-1α gene for phylogenetic analysis of Aspergillus species. METHODOLOGY Sequences of 526 bp representing the coding region of the TEF-1α gene were used for the assessment of levels of intra- and inter-specific nucleotide polymorphism in 33 species of Aspergillus, including 57 reference, clinical and environmental strains. RESULTS Analysis of TEF-1α sequences indicated a mean similarity of 92.6 % between the species, with inter-species diversity ranging from 0 to 70 nucleotides. The species with the closest resemblance were A. candidus/A. carneus, and A. flavus/A. oryzae/A. ochraceus, with 100 and 99.8 % identification, respectively. These species are phylogenetically very close and the TEF-1α gene appears not to have sufficient discriminatory power to differentiate them. Meanwhile, intra-species differences were found within strains of A. clavatus, A. clavatonanicus, A. candidus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. alliaceus, A. flavus, Eurotium amstelodami and E. chevalieri. The tree topology with strongly supported clades (≥70 % bootstrap values) was almost compatible with the phylogeny inferred from analysis of the DNA sequences of the beta tubulin gene (BT2). However, the backbone of the tree exhibited low bootstrap values, and inter-species correlations were not obvious in some clades; for example, tree topologies based on BT2 and TEF-1α genes were incompatible for some species, such as A. deflectus, A. janus and A. penicillioides. CONCLUSION The gene was not phylogenetically more informative than other known molecular markers. It will be necessary to test other genes or larger genomic regions to better understand the taxonomy of this important group of fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Departments of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Fungal Biodiversity Center, Institute of the Royal Netherlands, Academy of Arts and Sciences, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures-KNAW, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yoshiko Umeda
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yildirim K, Kuru A. Microbial hydroxylation of epiandrosterone by Aspergillus candidus. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1289184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kudret Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ali Kuru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Despot DJ, Kocsubé S, Bencsik O, Kecskeméti A, Szekeres A, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J, Klarić MŠ. Species diversity and cytotoxic potency of airborne sterigmatocystin-producing Aspergilli from the section Versicolores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:296-304. [PMID: 27100010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the distribution and species diversity of sterigmatocystin-producing Aspergilli from the section Versicolores in the indoor air of apartment-AP, basements-BS and grain mill-GM in Croatia, as well as the cytotoxic potency of isolates. The species comprised 0.7-20% of total airborne fungi detected in the AP, 11-55% in the BS, and 0-2% in the GM. Based on CaM sequences, seven species were identified; dominant were Aspergillus jensenii and Aspergillus creber, followed by Aspergillus protuberus, Aspergillus venenatus, Aspergillus tennesseensis, Aspergillus amoenus, Aspergillus griseoaurantiacus and three undescribed species. All of the identified species produced sterigmatocystin-STC (HPLC/UV-VIS); A. griseoaurantiacus (208.29μg/mL) and A. jensenii (1.192-133.63μg/mL) produced the highest levels, the lowest were detected in A. protuberus and A. tennesseensis (0.117-2.749μg/mL). Lower species diversity was obtained in the GM due to overgrowth with more propulsive fungi. Relatively high STC levels (0.06-2.35μg/g) detected in 52% of GM dust samples confirmed the presence of STC-producers, although this STC cannot be exclusively attributed to Aspergilli (Versicolores). STC and the majority of STC-producing Aspergilli were cytotoxic to human lung A549 cells (IC50 0.9-2.3μg/mL) and THP-1 macrophage-like cells (IC50 0.3-0.6μg/mL) in relatively low concentrations suggesting that humans can be at high risk during chronic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jakšić Despot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Ottó Bencsik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Anita Kecskeméti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Janos Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yildirim K, Kuru A. Biotransformation of Some Steroids by Aspergillus Candidus. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14403454824263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation of dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone and pregnenolone by Aspergillus candidus MRC 200634 for 5 days is reported. Dehydroepiandrosterone was hydroxylated at C-6β, C-7β, C-7α, C-11α and C-15α. The 17-ketone was reduced to the 17β-alcohol whilst ring A of dehydroepiandrosterone was oxidised to a 4-en-3-one moiety. Progesterone was mainly hydroxylated at C-11α and C-15β and to a lesser extent at C-14α. Pregnenolone gave the same metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kudret Yildirim
- Chemistry Department, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ali Kuru
- Chemistry Department, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Frisvad JC, Larsen TO. Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7859-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
28
|
Scaramuzza N, Diaferia C, Berni E. Monitoring the mycobiota of three plants manufacturing Culatello (a typical Italian meat product). Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 203:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
29
|
Visagie CM, Hirooka Y, Tanney JB, Whitfield E, Mwange K, Meijer M, Amend AS, Seifert KA, Samson RA. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces isolated from house dust samples collected around the world. Stud Mycol 2014; 78:63-139. [PMID: 25492981 PMCID: PMC4255536 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of a worldwide survey of the indoor mycobiota, dust was collected from nine countries. Analyses of dust samples included the culture-dependent dilution-to-extinction method and the culture-independent 454-pyrosequencing. Of the 7 904 isolates, 2 717 isolates were identified as belonging to Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces. The aim of this study was to identify isolates to species level and describe the new species found. Secondly, we wanted to create a reliable reference sequence database to be used for next-generation sequencing projects. Isolates represented 59 Aspergillus species, including eight undescribed species, 49 Penicillium species of which seven were undescribed and 18 Talaromyces species including three described here as new. In total, 568 ITS barcodes were generated, and 391 β-tubulin and 507 calmodulin sequences, which serve as alternative identification markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Visagie
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Hirooka
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - J B Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - E Whitfield
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - K Mwange
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - M Meijer
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A S Amend
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - K A Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Aspergillus section Circumdati or the Aspergillus ochraceus group, includes species with rough walled stipes, biseriate conidial heads, yellow to ochre conidia and sclerotia that do not turn black. Several species are able to produce mycotoxins including ochratoxins, penicillic acids, and xanthomegnins. Some species also produce drug lead candidates such as the notoamides. A polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data and partial calmodulin, β-tubulin and ITS sequences to examine the evolutionary relationships within this section. Based on this approach the section Circumdati is revised and 27 species are accepted, introducing seven new species: A. occultus, A. pallidofulvus, A. pulvericola, A. salwaensis, A. sesamicola, A. subramanianii and A. westlandensis. In addition we correctly apply the name A. fresenii (≡ A. sulphureus (nom. illeg.)). A guide for the identification of these 27 species is provided. These new species can be distinguished from others based on morphological characters, sequence data and extrolite profiles. The previously described A. onikii and A. petrakii were found to be conspecific with A. ochraceus, whilst A. flocculosus is tentatively synonymised with A. ochraceopetaliformis, despite extrolite differences between the two species. Based on the extrolite data, 13 species of section Circumdati produce large amounts of ochratoxin A: A. affinis, A. cretensis, A. fresenii, A. muricatus, A. occultus, A. ochraceopetaliformis (A. flocculosus), A. ochraceus, A. pseudoelegans, A. pulvericola, A. roseoglobulosus, A. sclerotiorum, A. steynii and A. westerdijkiae. Seven additional species produce ochratoxin A inconsistently and/or in trace amounts: A. melleus, A. ostianus, A. persii, A. salwaensis, A. sesamicola, A. subramanianii and A. westlandensis. The most important species regarding potential ochratoxin A contamination in agricultural products are A. ochraceus, A. steynii and A. westerdijkiae.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hubka V, Lyskova P, Frisvad JC, Peterson SW, Skorepova M, Kolarik M. Aspergillus pragensis sp. nov. discovered during molecular reidentification of clinical isolates belonging to Aspergillus section Candidi. Med Mycol 2014; 52:565-76. [PMID: 24951723 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of nine clinical isolates recovered from Czech patients and presumptively identified as Aspergillus sp. section Candidi based on colony morphology was revised using sequences of β-tubulin, calmodulin gene sequence, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA. Six isolates were from suspected and proven onychomycosis, one from otitis externa, and two associated with probable invasive aspergillosis. The results showed that one Aspergillus candidus isolate was the cause of otitis externa, and both isolates obtained from sputa of patients with probable invasive aspergillosis were reidentified as A. carneus (sect. Terrei) and A. flavus (sect. Flavi). Three isolates from nail scrapings were identified as A. tritici, a verified agent of nondermatophyte onychomycosis. One isolate from toenail was determined to be A. candidus and the two isolates belonged to a hitherto undescribed species, Aspergillus pragensis sp. nov. This species is well supported by phylogenetic analysis based on β-tubulin and calmodulin gene and is distinguishable from other members of sect. Candidi by red-brown reverse on malt extract agar, slow growth on Czapek-Dox agar and inability to grow at 37°C. A secondary metabolite analysis was also provided with comparison of metabolite spectrum to other species. Section Candidi now encompasses five species for which a dichotomous key based on colony characteristics is provided. All clinical isolates were tested for susceptibilities to selected antifungal agents using the Etest and disc diffusion method. Overall sect. Candidi members are highly susceptible to common antifungals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Lyskova
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Mycobacteriology Prague, Public Health Institute in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department for Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Soltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephen W Peterson
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Magdalena Skorepova
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolarik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Samson R, Visagie C, Houbraken J, Hong SB, Hubka V, Klaassen C, Perrone G, Seifert K, Susca A, Tanney J, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Szigeti G, Yaguchi T, Frisvad J. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Stud Mycol 2014; 78:141-73. [PMID: 25492982 PMCID: PMC4260807 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera. The International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus decided to keep Aspergillus instead of using smaller genera. In this paper, we present the arguments for this decision. We introduce new combinations for accepted species presently lacking an Aspergillus name and provide an updated accepted species list for the genus, now containing 339 species. To add to the scientific value of the list, we include information about living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available representative ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin and RPB2 sequences. In addition, we recommend a standard working technique for Aspergillus and propose calmodulin as a secondary identification marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C.M. Visagie
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S.-B. Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C.H.W. Klaassen
- Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - A. Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J.B. Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - J. Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T. Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Development and application of a predictive model of Aspergillus candidus growth as a tool to improve shelf life of bakery products. Food Microbiol 2013; 36:254-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
34
|
Roe AD, Rice AV, Bromilow SE, Cooke JEK, Sperling FAH. Multilocus species identification and fungal DNA barcoding: insights from blue stain fungal symbionts of the mountain pine beetle. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 10:946-59. [PMID: 21565104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is strong community-wide interest in applying molecular techniques to fungal species delimitation and identification, but selection of a standardized region or regions of the genome has not been finalized. A single marker, the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, has frequently been suggested as the standard for fungi. We used a group of closely related blue stain fungi associated with the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) to examine the success of such single-locus species identification, comparing the internal transcribed spacer with four other nuclear markers. We demonstrate that single loci varied in their utility for identifying the six fungal species examined, while use of multiple loci was consistently successful. In a literature survey of 21 similar studies, individual loci were also highly variable in their ability to provide consistent species identifications and were less successful than multilocus diagnostics. Accurate species identification is the essence of any molecular diagnostic system, and this consideration should be central to locus selection. Moreover, our study and the literature survey demonstrate the value of using closely related species as the proving ground for developing a molecular identification system. We advocate use of a multilocus barcode approach that is similar to the practice employed by the plant barcode community, rather than reliance on a single locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Roe
- CW 405 - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim JY, Lee SY, Choi HS. Molecular and morphological identification of fungal species isolated from rice meju. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
36
|
Krimitzas A, Pyrri I, Kouvelis VN, Kapsanaki-Gotsi E, Typas MA. A phylogenetic analysis of Greek isolates of Aspergillus species based on morphology and nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:260395. [PMID: 23762830 PMCID: PMC3665174 DOI: 10.1155/2013/260395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus species originating from Greece were examined by morphological and molecular criteria to explore the diversity of this genus. The phylogenetic relationships of these species were determined using sequences from the ITS and IGS region of the nuclear rRNA gene complex, two nuclear genes ( β -tubulin (benA) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2)) and two mitochondrial genes (small rRNA subunit (rns) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1)) and, where available, related sequences from databases. The morphological characters of the anamorphs and teleomorphs, and the single gene phylogenetic trees, differentiated and placed the species examined in the well-supported sections of Aenei, Aspergillus, Bispori, Candidi, Circumdati, Clavati, Cremei, Flavi, Flavipedes, Fumigati, Nidulantes, Nigri, Restricti, Terrei, Usti, and Zonati, with few uncertainties. The combined use of the three commonly employed nuclear genes (benA, rpb2, and ITS), the IGS region, and two less often used mitochondrial gene sequences (rns and cox1) as a single unit resolved several taxonomic ambiguities. A phylogenetic tree was inferred using Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian methods. The strains examined formed seven well-supported clades within the genus Aspergillus. Altogether, the concatenated nuclear and mitochondrial sequences offer additional tools for an improved understanding of phylogenetic relationships within this genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Krimitzas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistemiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pyrri
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistemiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassili N. Kouvelis
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistemiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kapsanaki-Gotsi
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistemiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Milton A. Typas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistemiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cai S, Kong X, Wang W, Zhou H, Zhu T, Li D, Gu Q. Aspergilazine A, a diketopiperazine dimer with a rare N-1 to C-6 linkage, from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus taichungensis. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
38
|
Varga J, Frisvad J, Kocsubé S, Brankovics B, Tóth B, Szigeti G, Samson R. New and revisited species in Aspergillus section Nigri. Stud Mycol 2011; 69:1-17. [PMID: 21892239 PMCID: PMC3161757 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.69.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new species, Aspergillus eucalypticola, A. neoniger, A. fijiensis and A. indologenus are described and illustrated. Aspergillus eucalypticola was isolated from Eucalyptus leaf from Australia, and is related to A. tubingensis and A. costaricaensis, but could clearly be distinguished from them based on either β-tubulin or calmodulin sequence data. Aspergillus eucalypticola produced pyranonigrin A, funalenone, aurasperone B and other naphtho-γ-pyrones. Aspergillus neoniger is also a biseriate species isolated from desert sand in Namibia, and mangrove water in Venezuela, which produces aurasperone B and pyranonigrin A. Aspergillus fijiensis is a uniseriate species related to A. aculeatinus, and was isolated from soil in Fiji, and from Lactuca sativa in Indonesia. This species is able to grow at 37 °C, and produces asperparalines and okaramins. Aspergillus indologenus was isolated from soil, India. This species also belongs to the uniseriate group of black aspergilli, and was found to be related to, but clearly distinguishable from A. uvarum based on β-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequence data. Aspergillus indologenus produced the insecticidal compounds okaramins A, B, H, and two types of indol-alkaloids which have not been structure elucidated. Two other species, A. violaceofuscus and A. acidus, are revalidated based on molecular and extrolite data. Aspergillus violaceofuscus was found to be related to A. japonicus, and produced some of the same interesting indol-alkaloids as A. indologenus, and also produced several families of partially characterised extrolites that were also found in A. heteromorphus. Aspergillus acidus (previously known as A. foetidus var. pallidus and A. foetidus var. acidus) is also a valid species, while A. foetidus is a synonym of A. niger based on molecular and physiological data. Two other species described previously, A. coreanus and A. lacticoffeatus, were found to be colour mutants of A. acidus and A. niger, respectively. Methods which could be used to distinguish the two closely related and economically important species A. niger and A. awamori are also detailed. Although these species differ in their occurrence and several physiological means (elastase activities, abilities to utilise 2-deoxy-D-glucose as sole carbon source), our data indicate that only molecular approaches including sequence analysis of calmodulin or β-tubulin genes, AFLP analysis, UP-PCR analysis or mtDNA RFLP analysis can be used reliably to distinguish these sibling species. Aspergillus section Nigri now includes 26 taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
- Correspondence: János Varga,
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology-DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - B. Brankovics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - B. Tóth
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Alsókikötő sor 9, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Section Terrei of Aspergillus was studied using a polyphasic approach including sequence analysis of parts of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes and the ITS region, macro- and micromorphological analyses and examination of extrolite profiles to describe three new species in this section. Based on phylogenetic analysis of calmodulin and β-tubulin sequences seven lineages were observed among isolates that have previously been treated as A. terreus and its subspecies by Raper & Fennell (1965) and others. Aspergillus alabamensis, A. terreus var. floccosus, A. terreus var. africanus, A. terreus var. aureus, A. hortai and A. terreus NRRL 4017 all represent distinct lineages from the A. terreus clade. Among them, A. terreus var. floccosus, A. terreus NRRL 4017 and A. terreus var. aureus could also be distinguished from A. terreus by using ITS sequence data. New names are proposed for A. terreus var. floccosus, A. terreus var. africanus, A. terreus var. aureus, while Aspergillus hortai is recognised at species level. Aspergillus terreus NRRL 4017 is described as the new species A. pseudoterreus. Also included in section Terrei are some species formerly placed in sections Flavipedes and Versicolores. A. clade including the type isolate of A. niveus (CBS 115.27) constitutes a lineage closely related to A. carneus. Fennellia nivea, the hypothesized teleomorph is not related to this clade. Aspergillus allahabadii, A. niveus var. indicus, and two species originally placed in section Versicolores, A. ambiguus and A. microcysticus, also form well-defined lineages on all trees. Species in Aspergillus section Terrei are producers of a diverse array of secondary metabolites. However, many of the species in the section produce different combinations of the following metabolites: acetylaranotin, asperphenamate, aspochalamins, aspulvinones, asteltoxin, asterric acid, asterriquinones, aszonalenins, atrovenetins, butyrolactones, citreoisocoumarins, citreoviridins, citrinins, decaturins, fulvic acid, geodins, gregatins, mevinolins, serantrypinone, terreic acid (only the precursor 3,6-dihydroxytoluquinone found), terreins, terrequinones, terretonins and territrems. The cholesterol-lowering agent mevinolin was found in A. terreus and A. neoafricanus only. The hepatotoxic extrolite citrinin was found in eight species: A. alabamensis, A. allahabadii, A. carneus, A. floccosus, A. hortai, A. neoindicus, A. niveus and A. pseudoterreus. The neurotoxic extrolite citreoviridin was found in five species: A. neoafricanus, A. aureoterreus, A. pseudoterreus, A. terreus and A. neoniveus. Territrems, tremorgenic extrolites, were found in some strains of A. alabamensis and A. terreus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Robert A. Samson,
| | - S.W. Peterson
- Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Based on phylogenetic analysis of sequence data, Aspergillus section Usti includes 21 species, inclucing two teleomorphic species Aspergillus heterothallicus (= Emericella heterothallica) and Fennellia monodii. Aspergillus germanicus sp. nov. was isolated from indoor air in Germany. This species has identical ITS sequences with A. insuetusCBS 119.27, but is clearly distinct from that species based on β-tubulin and calmodulin sequence data. This species is unable to grow at 37 °C, similarly to A. keveii and A. insuetus. Aspergillus carlsbadensis sp. nov. was isolated from the Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico. This taxon is related to, but distinct from a clade including A. calidoustus, A. pseudodeflectus, A. insuetus and A. keveii on all trees. This species is also unable to grow at 37 °C, and acid production was not observed on CREA. Aspergillus californicus sp. nov. is proposed for an isolate from chamise chaparral (Adenostoma fasciculatum) in California. It is related to a clade including A. subsessilis and A. kassunensis on all trees. This species grew well at 37 °C, and acid production was not observed on CREA. The strain CBS 504.65 from soil in Turkey showed to be clearly distinct from the A. deflectus ex-type strain, indicating that this isolate represents a distinct species in this section. We propose the name A. turkensis sp. nov. for this taxon. This species grew, although rather restrictedly at 37 °C, and acid production was not observed on CREA. Isolates from stored maize, South Africa, as a culture contaminant of Bipolaris sorokiniana from indoor air in Finland proved to be related to, but different from A. ustus and A. puniceus. The taxon is proposed as the new species A. pseudoustus. Although supported only by low bootstrap values, F. monodii was found to belong to section Usti based on phylogenetic analysis of either loci BLAST searches to the GenBank database also resulted in closest hits from section Usti. This species obviously does not belong to the Fennellia genus, instead it is a member of the Emericella genus. However, in accordance with the guidelines of the Amsterdam Declaration on fungal nomenclature (Hawksworth et al. 2011), and based on phylogenetic and physiological evidence, we propose the new combination Aspergillus monodii comb. nov. for this taxon. Species assigned to section Usti can be assigned to three chemical groups based on the extrolites. Aspergillus ustus, A. granulosus and A. puniceus produced ustic acid, while A. ustus and A. puniceus also produced austocystins and versicolorins. In the second chemical group, A. pseudodeflectus produced drimans in common with the other species in this group, and also several unique unknown compounds. Aspergillus calidoustus isolates produced drimans and ophiobolins in common with A. insuetus and A. keveii, but also produced austins. Aspergillus insuetus isolates also produced pergillin while A. keveii isolates produced nidulol. In the third chemical group, E. heterothallica has been reported to produce emethallicins, 5'-hydroxyaveranthin, emeheterone, emesterones, 5'-hydroxyaveranthin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Robert A. Samson,
| | - J. Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - M. Meijer
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- BioCentrum-DTU, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rodrigues P, Santos C, Venâncio A, Lima N. Species identification of Aspergillus section Flavi isolates from Portuguese almonds using phenotypic, including MALDI-TOF ICMS, and molecular approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:877-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Davolos D, Persiani AM, Pietrangeli B, Ricelli A, Maggi O. Aspergillus affinis sp. nov., a novel ochratoxin A-producing Aspergillus species (section Circumdati) isolated from decomposing leaves. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 62:1007-1015. [PMID: 21788229 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.034785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing Aspergillus isolates, recently collected from submerged riparian decomposing leaves in Italy, were found to have a similar morphology to Aspergillus cretensis (subgenus Circumdati, section Circumdati). However, marked differences emerged between these two novel isolates and A. cretensis as the former displayed different colony features and had larger vesicles, metulae, phialides and conidia, as well as a distinct sclerotial form and size. In order to determine the taxonomic status and to infer the evolutionary relationships of these two morphologically identical isolates, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed on all the officially recognized lineages in the section Circumdati. The DNA sequences and the deduced amino acid residues from the nuclear loci were analysed. Both rRNA and protein coding genes were assessed, which are widely used to differentiate taxa belonging to genus Aspergillus at various evolutionary levels. The 5.8S rDNA gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the D1/D2 domains of the 28S rDNA gene, a region of the tubulin beta chain gene (benA) and part of the calmodulin gene (cmd) were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. The analysis of the rRNA regions and of the benA and cmd sequence data indicated that the two isogenic isolates belonged to a genetically distinct OTA-producing species of the genus Aspergillus. The isolates are proposed as representing a novel species, Aspergillus affinis sp. nov., with the type strain ATCC MYA-4773T=CBS 129190=417). Phylogenetically, A. affinis sp. nov. appeared to be very closely related to A. cretensis, from which it could be distinguished by means of a morphological trait analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Davolos
- Department of Productive Plants and Interaction with the Environment (DIPIA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention (INAIL-exISPESL), Via Urbana, 167 - 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Persiani
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Pietrangeli
- Department of Productive Plants and Interaction with the Environment (DIPIA), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention (INAIL-exISPESL), Via Urbana, 167 - 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ricelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB-CNR, P. le A. Moro, 5 - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Oriana Maggi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
DNA barcoding of the fungal genus Neonectria and the discovery of two new species. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:664-74. [PMID: 21748589 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine a suitable DNA barcode for the genus Neonectria, the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, β-tubulin, EF-1α, and RPB2 genes were selected as candidate markers. A total of 205 sequences from 19 species of the genus were analyzed. Intra- and inter-specific divergences and the ease of nucleotide sequence acquisition were treated as criteria to evaluate the feasibility of a DNA barcode. Our results indicated that any single gene among the candidate markers failed to serve as a successful barcode, while the combination of the partial EF-1α, and RPB2 genes recognized all species tested. We tentatively propose the combined partial EF-1α and RPB2 genes as a DNA barcode for the genus. During this study, two cryptic species were discovered, based on the combined data of morphology and DNA barcode information. We described and named these two new species N. ditissimopsis and N. microconidia.
Collapse
|
44
|
Varga J, Frisvad J, Samson R. Two new aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus section Flavi. Stud Mycol 2011; 69:57-80. [PMID: 21892243 PMCID: PMC3161756 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.69.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Flavi includes species with usually biseriate conidial heads, in shades of yellow-green to brown, and dark sclerotia. Several species assigned to this section are either important mycotoxin producers including aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid, ochratoxins and kojic acid, or are used in oriental food fermentation processes and as hosts for heterologous gene expression. A polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data and partial calmodulin, β-tubulin and ITS sequences to examine the evolutionary relationships within this section. The data indicate that Aspergillus section Flavi involves 22 species, which can be grouped into seven clades. Two new species, A. pseudocaelatus sp. nov. and A. pseudonomius sp. nov. have been discovered, and can be distinguished from other species in this section based on sequence data and extrolite profiles. Aspergillus pseudocaelatus is represented by a single isolate collected from Arachis burkartii leaf in Argentina, is closely related to the non-aflatoxin producing A. caelatus, and produces aflatoxins B & G, cyclopiazonic acid and kojic acid, while A. pseudonomius was isolated from insects and soil in the USA. This species is related to A. nomius, and produces aflatoxin B(1) (but not G-type aflatoxins), chrysogine and kojic acid. In order to prove the aflatoxin producing abilities of the isolates, phylogenetic analysis of three genes taking part in aflatoxin biosynthesis, including the transcriptional regulator aflR, norsolonic acid reductase and O-methyltransferase were also carried out. A detailed overview of the species accepted in Aspergillus section Flavi is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Varga
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cai S, Sun S, Zhou H, Kong X, Zhu T, Li D, Gu Q. Prenylated Polyhydroxy-p-terphenyls from Aspergillus taichungensis ZHN-7-07. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1106-10. [PMID: 21486068 DOI: 10.1021/np2000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Six new prenylated polyhydroxy-p-terphenyl metabolites, named prenylterphenyllins A-C (1-3) and prenylcandidusins A-C (5-7), and one new polyhydroxy-p-terphenyl with a simple tricyclic C-18 skeleton, named 4''-dehydro-3-hydroxyterphenyllin (4), were obtained together with eight known analogues (8-15) from Aspergillus taichungensis ZHN-7-07, a root soil fungus isolated from the mangrove plant Acrostichum aureum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated using HL-60, A-549, and P-388 cell lines. Compounds 1 and 8 exhibited moderate activities against all three cell lines (IC50 1.53-10.90 μM), whereas compounds 4 and 6 displayed moderate activities only against the P-388 cell line (IC50 of 2.70 and 1.57 μM, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Prorocentrum rivalis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) and its phylogenetic affinities inferred from analysis of a mixed morphological and LSU rRNA data set. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2010 update). EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
48
|
Varga J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA. Aspergillus sect. Aeni sect. nov., a new section of the genus for A.karnatakaensis sp. nov. and some allied fungi. IMA Fungus 2010; 1:197-205. [PMID: 22679580 PMCID: PMC3348773 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2010.01.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The new species Aspergilluskarnatakaensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated. All three isolates of this species were isolated from Indian soil; two from soil under a coconut palm in a coffee plantation in Karnataka, and one from soil in the Machrar river bed in Bansa district. This species is closely related to, but clearly distinct, from A. aeneus based on β-tubulin or calmodulin sequence data. Sequences of the ITS region of these two species are identical. Aspergillus karnatakaensis produced terrein, gregatins, asteltoxin, karnatakafurans A and B and the unknown metabolite, provisionally named NIDU. Aspergillus karnatakaensis belongs to a well-defined clade within Aspergillus subgenus Nidulantes together with eight other species including A. aeneus, A. crustosus, A. eburneocremeus, A. heyangensis, and the teleomorph producing-species Emericella bicolor, E. discophora, E. spectabilis, and E. foeniculicola. This clade is placed in a new section, Aspergillus sect. Aenei sect. nov. All teleomorph species assigned to this section are able to produce sterigmatocystin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mogensen JM, Nielsen KF, Samson RA, Frisvad JC, Thrane U. Effect of temperature and water activity on the production of fumonisins by Aspergillus niger and different Fusarium species. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:281. [PMID: 20043849 PMCID: PMC2811119 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumonisins are economically important mycotoxins which until recently were considered to originate from only a few Fusarium species. However recently a putative fumonisin gene cluster was discovered in two different Aspergillus niger strains followed by detection of an actual fumonisin B2 (FB2) production in four strains of this biotechnologically important workhorse. RESULTS In the present study, a screening of 5 A. niger strains and 25 assumed fumonisin producing Fusarium strains from 6 species, showed that all 5 A. niger strains produced FB2 and 23 of 25 Fusarium produced fumonisin B1 and other isoforms (fumonisin B2 and B3). Five A. niger and five Fusarium spp. were incubated at six different temperatures from 15-42 degrees C on Czapek Yeast Agar +5% salt or Potato Dextrose Agar. A. niger had the highest production of FB2 at 25-30 degrees C whereas Fusarium spp. had the maximal production of FB1 and FB2 at 20-25 degrees C. Addition of 2.5-5% NaCl, or 10-20% sucrose increased the FB2 production of A. niger, whereas addition of glycerol reduced FB2 production. All three water activity lowering solutes reduced the fumonisin production of the Fusarium species. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the regulation of fumonisin production is very different in A. niger and Fusarium, and that food and feeds preserved by addition of sugar or salts may be good substrates for fumonisin B2 production by A. niger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper M Mogensen
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Petrini O, Cocchi L, Vescovi L, Petrini L. Chemical elements in mushrooms: their potential taxonomic significance. Mycol Prog 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-009-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|