1
|
Yang W, Wu T, Chen Y, Huang Q, Ao J, Ming M, Gao X, Li Z, Chen B. Bionic structure and blood compatibility of highly oriented homo-epitaxially crystallized poly(l-lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:749-761. [PMID: 36563816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A highly oriented poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), with a blood vessel-like biomimetic structure, was fabricated using solid-phase hot drawing technology and homo-epitaxial crystallization to improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of PLLA. Long chain branched PLLA (LCB-PLLA) was prepared through a two-step ring-opening reaction, and a consequent draw as high as 1000 % was achieved during the hot drawing. The modulus and tensile strength were found to have increased through the formation of oriented shish-kebab like crystals along the drawing direction during processing. Furthermore, PLLA nano-lamellae were formed on the surface of the oriented plates via the introduction of homo-epitaxial crystallization. The high degree of orientation and epitaxial crystallization substantially enhanced the biocompatibility of the PLLA by prolonging clotting time, decreasing the rate of hemolysis, and increasing the cell growth and reproduction of the osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yueling Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qingyi Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jinqing Ao
- School of Material Science and Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Mei Ming
- Dechang Jinfeng Rubber Co., Ltd., Dechang County, 615500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Baoshu Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Viamonte-Aristizábal S, García-Sancho A, Arrabal Campos FM, Martínez-Lao JA, Fernández I. Synthesis of high molecular weight L-Polylactic acid (PLA) by reactive extrusion at a pilot plant scale: Influence of 1,12-dodecanediol and di(trimethylol propane) as initiators. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Jia LJ, Phule AD, Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhang ZX. Ultra-light poly(lactic acid)/SiO 2 aerogel composite foam: A fully biodegradable and full life-cycle sustainable insulation material. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1029-1039. [PMID: 34673099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a fully biodegradable ultra-light poly(lactic acid)/silicon dioxide (PLA/SiO2) aerogel nanocomposite with ultra-low thermal conductivity was successfully fabricated. PLA used was a produced from lactic acid, where the lactic acid has been produced from carbohydrates. The rheological properties of PLA were enhanced by diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The foaming properties, cell density, cell size uniformity, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of PLA were further improved by SiO2 aerogel, and finally the ultra-low density foamed material was prepared by supercritical CO2. The density of PLA foam can be as low as 0.02 g/cm3 and the thermal conductivity as low as 0.02628 W/m·K. The PLA-based composites can be used in many fields such as thermal insulation, vibration damping and packaging, and can be fully biodegradable and sustainable throughout their life cycle, which meets the global trend of energy saving and emission reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ajit Dattatray Phule
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhen Xiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mekpothi T, Meepowpan P, Sriyai M, Molloy R, Punyodom W. Novel Poly(Methylenelactide- g-L-Lactide) Graft Copolymers Synthesized by a Combination of Vinyl Addition and Ring-Opening Polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3374. [PMID: 34641191 PMCID: PMC8512580 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel poly (methylenelactide-g-L-lactide), P(MLA-g-LLA) graft copolymer was synthesized from poly(methylenelactide) (PMLA) and L-lactide (LLA) using 0.03 mol% liquid tin(II) n-butoxide (Sn(OnBu)2) as an initiator by a combination of vinyl addition and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) at 120 °C for 72 h. Proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H- and 13C-NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the grafted structure of P(MLA-g-LLA). The P(MLA-g-LLA) melting temperatures (Tm) range of 144-164 °C, which was lower than that of PLA (170-180 °C), while the thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of around 314-335 °C was higher than that of PLA (approx. 300 °C). These results indicated that the grafting reaction could widen the melt processing range of PLA and in doing so increase PLA's thermal stability during melt processing. The graft copolymers were obtained with weight-average molecular weights (M¯w) = 4200-11,000 g mol-1 and a narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.1-1.4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaluck Mekpothi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.M.); (P.M.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puttinan Meepowpan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.M.); (P.M.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Bioplastics Production Laboratory for Medical Applications, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Montira Sriyai
- Bioplastics Production Laboratory for Medical Applications, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Robert Molloy
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.M.); (P.M.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Bioplastics Production Laboratory for Medical Applications, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patel M, Schwendemann D, Spigno G, Geng S, Berglund L, Oksman K. Functional Nanocomposite Films of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Well-Dispersed Chitin Nanocrystals Achieved Using a Dispersing Agent and Liquid-Assisted Extrusion Process. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154557. [PMID: 34361717 PMCID: PMC8347658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bio-based nanocomposites is of high scientific and industrial interest, since they offer excellent advantages in creating functional materials. However, dispersion and distribution of the nanomaterials inside the polymer matrix is a key challenge to achieve high-performance functional nanocomposites. In this context, for better dispersion, biobased triethyl citrate (TEC) as a dispersing agent in a liquid-assisted extrusion process was used to prepare the nanocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). The aim was to identify the effect of the TEC content on the dispersion of ChNCs in the PLA matrix and the manufacturing of a functional nanocomposite. The nanocomposite film's optical properties; microstructure; migration of the additive and nanocomposites' thermal, mechanical and rheological properties, all influenced by the ChNC dispersion, were studied. The microscopy study confirmed that the dispersion of the ChNCs was improved with the increasing TEC content, and the best dispersion was found in the nanocomposite prepared with 15 wt% TEC. Additionally, the nanocomposite with the highest TEC content (15 wt%) resembled the mechanical properties of commonly used polymers like polyethylene and polypropylene. The addition of ChNCs in PLA-TEC15 enhanced the melt viscosity, as well as melt strength, of the polymer and demonstrated antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitul Patel
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (M.P.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Daniel Schwendemann
- Institute for Material Engineering and Plastics Processing, University of Applied Sciences Eastern Switzerland, CH-8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland;
| | - Giorgia Spigno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Shiyu Geng
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (M.P.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Linn Berglund
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (M.P.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden; (M.P.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3BS, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-920-493371
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Standau T, Nofar M, Dörr D, Ruckdäschel H, Altstädt V. A Review on Multifunctional Epoxy-Based Joncryl® ADR Chain Extended Thermoplastics. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1918710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Standau
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Department Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dominik Dörr
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Ruckdäschel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jafari M, Jalalifar N, Kaffashi B. Rheological properties and crystallization behavior of modified polylactic acid using lauroyl peroxide and glycidyl methacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jafari
- Department of Polymer Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Nadia Jalalifar
- Department of Polymer Engineering Kish International Campus, University of Tehran Kish Island Iran
| | - Babak Kaffashi
- Department of Polymer Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu W, Zhu X, Gao H, Su X, Wu X. Preparation and characterization of PLA foam chain extended through grafting octa(epoxycyclohexyl) POSS onto carbon nanotubes. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0262489320912521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improving foamability of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) resin is a key issue for its critical foaming applications with high-performance and ultralow density. However, owing to the rheological nature of linear PLA chain structure with relatively low molecular weight, the overall foamability of PLA resin cannot meet the processing requirements of foaming purpose. Here, we describe a simple and versatile technique to prepare high foamability PLA resin by inducing chain extender through grafting octa(epoxycyclohexyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on carbon nanotubes (CNT). After the orderly assemble of the two nanoparticles, an obvious increase in melt elasticity of PLA is observed. The enhanced melt elasticity of PLA had a significant effect on controlling subsequent foaming behavior. Thus, a homogeneous and finer cellular morphology of PLA rigid foam was obtained with a proper content of CNT-POSS. Eventually, the expansion ratio of chain-extended PLA foam was 13 times higher than that of unmodified PLA foam. The proposed design methodology will potentially pave a way for designing and preparing high-performance PLA rigid foam products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xunxian Zhu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Gao
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Su
- Key Laboratory of Light Metal Materials Processing Technology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Wu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Standau T, Castellón SM, Delavoie A, Bonten C, Altstädt V. Effects of chemical modifications on the rheological and the expansion behavior of polylactide (PLA) in foam extrusion. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is well known that polylactide (PLA) is difficult to foam due to its low melt strength. Thus, many ways were described in the literature to enhance the foamability. However, the melt strength was actually determined only in a limited number of publications. In this study, the addition of chemical modifiers was used to change the rheological behavior of PLA and thereby improve its foamability in foam extrusion process. For the first time the use of dicumyl peroxide modified PLA in foam extrusion is described. Both modifications lead to a distinct increase in melt strength. Here, the highest increase was shown for the PLA modified with dicumyl peroxide. Furthermore, strain hardening was observed for PLA modified with the peroxide. Low density foams were achieved for neat and modified PLA in foam extrusion. Neat PLA showed a density of 45 kg/m3, while the peroxide modified PLA showed the highest expansion with a density reduction down to 32 kg/m3. Both modifications result in a more uniform cell structure and an improved compression strength. Here, the foamed, peroxide modified PLA showed outstanding performance compared to neat PLA foam with twice the compression strength (151 Pa) even at a 30% lower density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Standau
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße30, 95447Bayreuth – Germany
| | - Svenja Murillo Castellón
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring32, 70569Stuttgart – Germany
| | - Agathe Delavoie
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße30, 95447Bayreuth – Germany
| | - Christian Bonten
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring32, 70569Stuttgart – Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße30, 95447Bayreuth – Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shojaeiarani J, Bajwa D, Jiang L, Liaw J, Hartman K. Insight on the influence of nano zinc oxide on the thermal, dynamic mechanical, and flow characteristics of Poly(lactic acid)– zinc oxide composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Shojaeiarani
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Dilpreet Bajwa
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Joshua Liaw
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorth Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota, 58102
| | - Kerry Hartman
- Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College New Town North Dakota, 58763
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Standau T, Zhao C, Murillo Castellón S, Bonten C, Altstädt V. Chemical Modification and Foam Processing of Polylactide (PLA). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E306. [PMID: 30960290 PMCID: PMC6419231 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is known as one of the most promising biopolymers as it is derived from renewable feedstock and can be biodegraded. During the last two decades, it moved more and more into the focus of scientific research and industrial use. It is even considered as a suitable replacement for standard petroleum-based polymers, such as polystyrene (PS), which can be found in a wide range of applications-amongst others in foams for packaging and insulation applications-but cause strong environmental issues. PLA has comparable mechanical properties to PS. However, the lack of melt strength is often referred to as a drawback for most foaming processes. One way to overcome this issue is the incorporation of chemical modifiers which can induce chain extension, branching, or cross-linking. As such, a wide variety of substances were studied in the literature. This work should give an overview of the most commonly used chemical modifiers and their effects on rheological, thermal, and foaming behavior. Therefore, this review article summarizes the research conducted on neat and chemically modified PLA foamed with the conventional foaming methods (i.e., batch foaming, foam extrusion, foam injection molding, and bead foaming).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Standau
- Depatment of Polymer Engineering, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Chunjing Zhao
- Depatment of Polymer Engineering, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Svenja Murillo Castellón
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christian Bonten
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Depatment of Polymer Engineering, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun J, Xu J, He Z, Ren H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Bao JB. Role of nano silica in supercritical CO2 foaming of thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol) and its effect on cell structure and mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
13
|
Hoseini M, Haghtalab A, Famili MHN. Rheology and morphology study of immiscible linear low-density polyethylene/poly(lactic acid) blends filled with nanosilica particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hoseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Haghtalab
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-143 Tehran Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Göttermann S, Standau T, Weinmann S, Altstädt V, Bonten C. Effect of chemical modification on the thermal and rheological properties of polylactide. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Göttermann
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 32 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Tobias Standau
- Lehrstuhl für Polymere Werkstoffe, University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - Sandra Weinmann
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 32 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Lehrstuhl für Polymere Werkstoffe, University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - Christian Bonten
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 32 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng L, Liu H, Yu L, Khalid S, Chen L, Jiang T, Li Q. Elastomeric foam prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghan Meng
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Institute; Knowledge City Guangzhou 510663 China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Institute; Knowledge City Guangzhou 510663 China
| | - Saud Khalid
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gandhi A, Bhatnagar N. Significance of Ultrasonic Cavitation Field Distribution in Microcellular Foaming of Polymers. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/026248931503400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of field distribution of ultrasonic waves on the manufacturing of microcellular Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) foam was investigated. In the primary studies, Aluminum foil erosion tests were performed to analyze the spatial field distribution of ultrasonic waves throughout the water bath. It was found that there exists a critical effective distance from the ultrasonic transducer where the maximum cavitation intensity can be achieved. Prior to and beyond this critical effective distance, the cavitation intensity reduces drastically. In the succeeding study, gas saturated polymer pellets were placed inside the ultrasound medium at various effective distances from the transducer for a predefined amount of treatment time and then were microcellular solid-state batch foamed. Intense cell nucleation phenomenon was observed in samples sonicated at the critical effective distance, while at other distances a very mild increment in cell density was observed. The expansion ratio and cell morphology was also found to be significantly affected by the relative placement of gas-saturated polymer with respect to the transducer in sonication medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gandhi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou J, Yao Z, Zhou C, Wei D, Li S. Mechanical properties of PLA/PBS foamed composites reinforced by organophilic montmorillonite. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Zhou
- College of Materials and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 211100 China
| | - Zhengjun Yao
- College of Materials and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 211100 China
| | - Chang Zhou
- College of Materials and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 211100 China
| | - Dongbo Wei
- College of Materials and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 211100 China
| | - Shuqin Li
- College of Materials and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Nanjing 211100 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu X, Gao C, Sangwan P, Yu L, Tong Z. Accelerating the degradation of polyolefins through additives and blending. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxun Liu
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Parveen Sangwan
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Long Yu
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Zhen Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Inorganic Fillers on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid). INT J POLYM SCI 2014; 2014. [PMID: 25717339 DOI: 10.1155/2014/827028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of filler to polylactic acid (PLA) may affect its crystallization behavior and mechanical properties. The effects of talc and hydroxyapatite (HA) on the thermal and mechanical properties of two types of PLA (one amorphous and one semicrystalline) have been investigated. The composites were prepared by melt blending followed by injection molding. The molecular weight, morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal properties have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), instron tensile tester, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the melting blending led to homogeneous distribution of the inorganic filler within the PLA matrix but decreased the molecular weight of PLA. Regarding the filler, addition of talc increased the crystallinity of PLA, but HA decreased the crystallinity of PLA. The tensile strength of the composites depended on the crystallinity of PLA and the interfacial properties between PLA and the filler, but both talc and HA filler increased the toughness of PLA.
Collapse
|