1
|
Lai TJ, Wang YH, Chong E, Lin YM, Huang CC, Feng KJ, Teng SW. The impact of prenatal use of oral Clostridium butyricum on maternal group B Streptococcus colonization: A retrospective study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:442-448. [PMID: 33966725 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the effect of taking Clostridium butyricum (Miyarisan BM) orally for 4 weeks since the 32+0 weeks of gestation on preventing Group B Streptococcus colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected data on the pregnancy outcomes of 1602 women between October 2017 and August 2019. The control group received standard antenatal care, and the intervention group received standard antenatal care with a daily oral dose of probiotics since the 32+0 weeks of gestation. The daily dose was one pack of C. butyricum (Miyarisan BM) once or twice a day. A vaginal Group B Streptococcus swab was collected between 36+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation. RESULTS After applying the designated exclusion criteria, the total number of participants was 1576. The Group B Streptococcus colonization rate was significantly decreased in the intervention group (P = 0.0338; adjusted OR: 0.66 (0.45-0.97)). CONCLUSION Probiotics can reduce the colonization rate of Group B Streptococcus in the vagina and rectum under three conditions: (1) intervention of adequate length, (2) sufficient probiotic dose, and (3) effective probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jung Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Eva Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Mei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Wen Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Q, Xiao Y, Sun P, Peng S, Yin F, Ma X, Shi Z. In Vitro Protective Efficacy of Clostridium butyricum Against Fish Pathogen Infections. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 53:453-9. [PMID: 24426150 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most pathogens in intestine are opportunist, called "opportunistic pathogens" that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host. Only when the host's resistance is lowered or the intestinal microecological balance is destroyed, the opportunistic pathogens are capable of causing disease. Here, two opportunistic pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were chosen to test the possible antagonistic effect of the probiotic agent Clostridium butyricum on these pathogens infections in vitro using fish intestinal epithelial cells (FIECs). The C. butyricum and its spent culture supernatants exhibited significant inhibitory activity on S. enteritidis and V. parahaemolyticus growth and adherence to FIECs. The C. butyricum also showed significant inhibitory effects on S. enteritidis and V. parahaemolyticus induced apoptosis, which may due to its growth and adhesion inhibitory effects. These results indicated that the probiotic bacterium C. butyricum has preventive and therapeutic effects on S. enteritidis and V. parahaemolyticus infections in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090 People's Republic of China ; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Ma
- National University Science Park Management Committee, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, 257091 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang CM, Cao GT, Ferket PR, Liu TT, Zhou L, Zhang L, Xiao YP, Chen AG. Effects of probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2121-9. [PMID: 22912445 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four hundred and fifty 1-d-old male Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora. The birds were randomly assigned to 5 treatments and offered the same antibiotic-free basal diets for 42 d. The treatments were as follows: no addition (control), 1 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB1), 2 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB2), 3 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB3), and 10 mg of colistine sulfate/kg of diet (antibiotic). Birds fed either CB2 or antibiotic had greater overall BW than those in the control group. During d 1 to 7, d 21 to 42, and d 1 to 42, birds fed either CB2 or CB3 or the antibiotic diet had greater ADG compared with those in the control group. No significant differences were observed in BW or ADG among the CB2, CB3, and antibiotic groups. Birds fed the CB2 or CB3 diet had greater concentrations of IgA and IgG in the serum from d 14 to 42 and greater IgM in the serum from d 21 to 42 than those in the control group. Birds fed the CB3 diet had a greater concentration of complement component 3 in the serum than those in the control group from d 7 to 42. Dietary C. butyricum decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli in cecal contents on d 14 and 42, and both CB2 and CB3 decreased (P < 0.05) cecal Salmonella and Clostridium perfringen from d 14 to 42 compared with the control. Broilers fed either CB2 or CB3 had greater cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts from d 21 to 42, and birds fed C. butyricum had greater cecal C. butyricum counts during the whole period compared with those in the control group. The results indicate that C. butyricum promotes growth performance and immune function and benefits the balance of the intestinal microflora in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
An important role of interleukin-10 in counteracting excessive immune response in HT-29 cells exposed to Clostridium butyricum. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:100. [PMID: 22681958 PMCID: PMC3410821 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridium butyricum has become increasingly important in preventing and treating intestinal inflammation. In the intestine it may increase the resistance of the gut to pathogen invasion via inducing the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) plays a central role in preventing certain inflammatory diseases by down-regulating inflammatory cascades. In a previous study, we observed that the level of IL-10 mRNA was modulated by C. butyricum. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C. butyricum achieves its beneficial effects through IL-10. Results We treated HT-29 cells with anti-IL-10 (IL-10 antibody) or siIL-10 (IL-10 small interfering RNA) to disrupt IL-10. In both cases, the effects of C. butyricum-induced NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression were enhanced. We also found that neutralization or knockdown of IL-10 could induce apoptosis and necrosis of HT-29 cells treated with C. butyricum compared with control cells. Conclusions These findings show that IL-10 serves an important role in C. butyricum-mediated immune protection, and in host recognition of C. butyricum.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang B, Yang X, Guo Y, Long F. Effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on the performance and the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2011; 65:329-39. [PMID: 21888038 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2011.568274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two sources of dietary lipids and supplementation of Clostridium butyricum on performance and intestinal metabolism of broilers were investigated. In a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, 168 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups, and fed four diets with two lipid sources (soya bean oil or fish oil, at 25 g/kg and 30 g/kg in starter and grower diets respectively), and without or with supplementation of C. butyricum (1 x 10(9) colony forming units per kg diet). C. butyricum had no effect on broiler performance. At 20 and 40 d of age, the pH of caecal digesta and the relative length of caecum were decreased after supplementation of C. butyricum (p < 0.05). After this treatment, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased in jejunal mucosa at 40 d of age (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there were increases in populations of lactic acid bacteria and the concentrations of acetic acid, n-butyric acid, n-valeric acid and total short chain fatty acids in caecal digesta of birds fed C. butyricum (p < 0.05). A significant interaction between lipid source and C. butyricum was found in the pH of caecal digesta at 20 d of age (p < 0.01). The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of C. butyricum maybe a benefit for gut health of broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Bejjing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao Q, Qi L, Wu T, Wang J. Clostridium butyricum activates TLR2-mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathway in HT-29 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 361:31-7. [PMID: 21956671 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of Clostridium butyricum as probiotic is increasingly gaining importance in the treatment of diarrhea and the improvement of animal performance. However, the mechanisms of host cell receptor recognition of C. butyricum and the downstream immune signaling pathways leading to these benefits remain unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the mechanisms involved in C. butyricum induction of the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Knockdown of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) expression using small interfering RNA in this manner did not affect C. butyricum-induced elevated levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), suggesting a MyD88-independent route to TLR signaling transduction. However, a significant reduction in the levels of NF-κB, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α was evident in the absence of TLR2 expression, implying the need for TLR2 in C. butyricum recognition. Hence, C. butyricum activates TLR2-mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathway in human epithelial cells, which adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this probiotic action on gut epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Design and Nutrition Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on serum lipids and lipid-related gene expression in broiler chickens. Animal 2011; 5:1909-15. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
8
|
Nakanishi S, Tanaka M. Sequence analysis of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid of Clostridium butyricum and expression of the bacteriocin gene in Escherichia coli. Anaerobe 2010; 16:253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Yang X, Zhang B, Guo Y, Jiao P, Long F. Effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on fat deposition and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:254-60. [PMID: 20075277 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on carcass quality, fat deposition, meat quality, and fatty acid contents of breast meat in broiler chickens were investigated. One hundred sixty one-day-old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were divided into 4 treatment groups in a 2x2 factorial arrangement and fed 4 diets with 2 lipid sources (soybean oil or fish oil) and 2 levels of C. butyricum (0 or 5 g/kg of diets) were used. Abdominal fat was significantly reduced when chicks were fed the fish oil diet compared with the soybean oil diet (P<0.01). Fish oil diets increased drip losses of the breast and thigh muscles, thawing losses of breast muscle, and boiling losses of thigh muscle (P<0.05). Moreover, the C. butyricum diet profoundly reduced shear force of muscle (P<0.05). The supplementation of C. butyricum increased i.m. fat, the contents of C20:5n-3 (P<0.05), and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in breast muscle. Additionally, there were significant interactions between lipids and C. butyricum for drip losses of breast muscle (P<0.01) and boiling losses of thigh muscle (P<0.05) and for the contents of C20:5n-3 (P<0.05) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) of breast muscle. The results of this study indicate that dietary inclusion of C. butyricum improves meat quality and fatty acid profiles of breast meat in male broilers, particularly interacting with a fish oil diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan X, Wu T, Zhang L, Song Z, Tang H, Zhao Z. In vitroevaluation on adherence and antimicrobial properties of a candidate probioticClostridium butyricumCB2 for farmed fish. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1623-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Pan X, Wu T, Song Z, Tang H, Zhao Z. Immune responses and enhanced disease resistance in Chinese drum, Miichthys miiuy (Basilewsky), after oral administration of live or dead cells of Clostridium butyrium CB2. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:679-86. [PMID: 18786030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium butyrium CB2 isolated from chickens was tested as a potential fish probiotic in the Chinese drum, Miichthys miiuy. Fish were fed live (CB), dead CB2 (D-CB) cells (10(8) cells g(-1)) or spent culture supernatant (SCS), for 30 days and challenged with Vibrio anguillarum or Aeromonas hydrophila. Survival was higher in both the CB and the CB-D fed groups, but the SCS group was not significantly different from the control. After feeding live or dead CB2 cells, there was increase in phagocytic activity of the head kidney macrophages, the lysozyme activity of serum and gut mucosa and immunoglobulin (Ig) level. The SCS group showed no obvious change in immune parameters. The results suggest that live or dead Clostridium butyrium CB2 has an immunomodulatory effect on fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Song ZF, Wu TX, Cai LS, Zhang LJ, Zheng XD. Effects of dietary supplementation with clostridium butyricum on the growth performance and humoral immune response in Miichthys miiuy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2006; 7:596-602. [PMID: 16773736 PMCID: PMC1500882 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2006.b0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and humoral immune response in Miichthys miiuy were evaluated. One hundred and fifty Miichthys miiuy weighing approximately 200-260 g were divided into five groups and reared in 15 tanks with closed circuiting culture system. The animals were fed 5 diets: basal diet only (control) or supplemented of the basal diet with C. butyricum at doses of 10(3) (CB1), 10(5) (CB2), 10(7) (CB3) or 10(9) (CB4) CFU/g. Compared with the control, the serum phenoloxidase activity was significantly increased by the supplementation (P<0.05), acid phosphatases activity was increased significantly (P<0.05) at the doses of 10(9) CFU/g. Serum lysozyme activity peaked at dose of 10(7) CFU/g and in the skin mucus at dose of 10(9) CFU/g. Immunoglobulin M level in the serum and skin mucus was increased except at dose of 10(3) CFU/g (P<0.05). The growth at the dose of 10(9) CFU/g was higher than that of the control (P<0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of C. butyricum can mediate the humoral immune responses and improve the growth performance in Miichthys miiuy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-fu Song
- School of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Design and Nutrition Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tian-xing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Li-sheng Cai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Design and Nutrition Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Li-jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Design and Nutrition Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiao-dong Zheng
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Takahashi M, Taguchi H, Yamaguchi H, Osaki T, Komatsu A, Kamiya S. The effect of probiotic treatment with Clostridium butyricum on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 41:219-26. [PMID: 15196571 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2003] [Revised: 12/27/2003] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 has been considered as an agent responsible for outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. We examined the effect of the probiotic agent Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI strain 588 on EHEC O157:H7 infections in vitro and in vivo using gnotobiotic mice. The growth of EHEC O157:H7 and the production of Shiga-like toxins in broth cultures were inhibited by co-incubation with C. butyricum. The antibacterial effects of butyric and lactic acid were demonstrated in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitory effect of butyric acid on the viability of EHEC was demonstrated not only at low pH, but also at neutral pH adjusted to 7.0. Flowcytometric analysis showed that pre-incubation of Caco-2 cells with C. butyricum and E. coli K12 inhibited the adhesion of EHEC O157:H7. However, the effect of C. butyricum on adhesion of EHEC to Caco-2 cells was more inhibitory than that of E. coli K12. Gnotobiotic mice mono-associated with EHEC O157:H7 died within 4-7 days after the infection. On the other hand, all gnotobiotic mice prophylactically pre-treated with C. butyricum survived exposure to EHEC O157:H7 and of the gnotobiotic mice therapeutically post-treated with C. butyricum, 50% survived. Both counts of EHEC O157:H7 and the amounts of shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) in fecal contents of gnotobiotic mice di-associated with EHEC O157:H7 and C. butyricum were less than those of gnotobiotic mice mono-associated with EHEC O157:H7. These results indicated that the probiotic bacterium C. butyricum MIYAIRI strain 588 has preventive and therapeutic effects on EHEC O157:H7 infection in gnotobiotic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motomichi Takahashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fujieda M, Sakata T. Glucose but Not Polypeptone Reduces the Effect of Probiotic Preparations to Stimulate Carbohydrate Breakdown and Reduce Net Ammonia Production by Pig Cecal Bacteria In Vitro. J Med Food 2003; 4:231-240. [PMID: 12639405 DOI: 10.1089/10966200152744508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic preparations are used to prevent or treat diarrhea. Probiotic preparations increase the in vitro breakdown of carbohydrates and decrease that of protein by mixed cecal bacteria in the absence of readily fermentable materials. Diarrhea can increase the influx of readily digestible materials into the large intestine. Therefore, we compared production of organic acids and ammonia in batch cultures using pig cecal contents with or without probiotic preparations (Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus casei plus Bifidobacterium breve, or L. casei plus Enterococcus faecalis) and with or without readily fermentable substrates (glucose or polypeptone). Effects of additional substrates appeared earlier than those of probiotic preparations. Both probiotic preparations and glucose increased the production of most short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid but decreased those of ammonia and isovaleric acid. Effects of probiotic preparations and glucose were not additive. Effects of different preparations were alike. Polypeptone increased the production of ammonia and isovaleric acid independent of probiotic preparations. Effects of probiotics and glucose may be to provide either energy or carbon to the microbial ecosystem. Effects of glucose were probably mediated through their direct utilization by indigenous bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Fujieda
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ishinomaki Senshu University, Minamisakai Shinmito 1, 986-8580 Ishinomaki, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sakata T, Kojima T, Fujieda M, Takahashi M, Michibata T. Influences of probiotic bacteria on organic acid production by pig caecal bacteria in vitro. Proc Nutr Soc 2003; 62:73-80. [PMID: 12740061 DOI: 10.1079/pns2002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of probiotics is largely unknown. A potential mechanism should be to increase the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), known modulators of gut functions, by the bacterial ecosystem in the large intestine. The present paper reviews our recent studies in which the capacity of probiotic bacteria to increase the production of SCFA by pig caecal bacteria was investigated using batch-culture and continuous-culture techniques. All four commercial probiotic preparations and three strains of probiotic bacteria dose-dependently accelerated the net production of SCFA, succinic acid and lactic acid without changing the acid profile, and slowed the net production of NH4. Effects on organic acid production did not vary among different probiotic species. Neither probiotic preparations nor probiotic bacteria affected the organic acid production from glucose, gastric mucin, starch or lactose, or organic acids produced:added saccharide. Glucose abolished these effects of probiotic preparations. However, the capacity of probiotics to increase SCFA production was not modified by gastric mucin, starch or lactose. These results indicate that probiotic bacteria increase SCFA production by accelerating the breakdown of carbohydrates that are resistant to indigenous bacteria, and suggest that the concept of prebiotics in terms of SCFA production as a measure of probiotic function is arguable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakata
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ishinomaki Senshu University, 986-8580 Ishinomaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|