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Li W, Yoo E, Lee S, Sung J, Noh HJ, Hwang SJ, Desta KT, Lee GA. Seed Weight and Genotype Influence the Total Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Peanut Seeds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213463. [PMID: 36360076 PMCID: PMC9653625 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut, an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide as a dietary food, is a good food source with health benefits. To explore the potential benefits of peanuts as a food resource, 301 peanut accessions were evaluated to determine the effect of seed weight and genotype on total oil content and fatty acid composition. Total oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Wide variations in the 100-seed weight, total oil content, and fatty acid profile were observed among genotypes and accession types. An effect of seed weight on the fatty acid composition of peanut seeds was observed. Increases in the oleic acid content and decreases in the linoleic acid content occurred in association with increases in the 100-seed weight. Moreover, the 100-seed weight, total oil content, and individual and total fatty acid contents, except arachidic acid, differed significantly (p < 0.001 or 0.05) among the accession types of landrace, cultivar, breeding line, and unknown. The discovery of this high diversity could contribute to further studies of peanut domestication and evolutionary classification. Our findings are important for the selection of peanut seeds with health benefits and development of new varieties of peanut with health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Li
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Eunae Yoo
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - SooKyeong Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jungsook Sung
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Noh
- International Technology Cooperation Center, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Korea
| | - So Jeong Hwang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Gi-An Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-4813
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Nawade B, Mishra GP, Radhakrishnan T, Dodia SM, Ahmad S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Kundu R. High oleic peanut breeding: Achievements, perspectives, and prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang ML, Chen CY, Tonnis B, Pinnow D, Davis J, An YQC, Dang P. Changes of Seed Weight, Fatty Acid Composition, and Oil and Protein Contents from Different Peanut FAD2 Genotypes at Different Seed Developmental and Maturation Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3658-3665. [PMID: 29558122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The level of oleic acid in peanut seed is one of the most important factors in determining seed quality and is controlled by two pairs of homeologous genes ( FAD2A and FAD2B). The genotypes of eight F8 breeding lines were determined as AABB, aaBB, AAbb, and aabb by real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Fresh seeds were collected from five seed developmental stages and, after drying, were used for chemical analysis. Our results showed that (1) as seeds developed, seed weight, oil content, and oleic acid level significantly increased, whereas four other fatty acid levels decreased, but protein content and another four fatty acid levels did not significantly change, (2) FAD2A/ FAD2B significantly affected fatty acid profiles but not oil and protein contents, and (3) the data were consistent across 2 years. The variability of seed quality traits revealed here will be useful for peanut breeders, farmers, processers, and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Wang
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Griffin , Georgia 30223 , United States
| | - Charles Y Chen
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences , Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Brandon Tonnis
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Griffin , Georgia 30223 , United States
| | - David Pinnow
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Griffin , Georgia 30223 , United States
| | - Jerry Davis
- Department of Experimental Statistics , University of Georgia , Griffin , Georgia 30223 , United States
| | - Yong-Qiang Charles An
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis , Missouri 63132 , United States
| | - Phat Dang
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
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Davis JP, Leek J, Sweigart D, Dang P, Butts C, Sorensen R, Chen C, Lamb M. Measurements of Oleic Acid among Individual Kernels Harvested from Test Plots of Purified Runner and Spanish High Oleic Seed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3146/ps16-21.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Normal oleic peanuts are often found within commercial lots of high oleic peanuts when sampling among individual kernels. Kernels not meeting high oleic threshold could be true contamination with normal oleic peanuts introduced via poor handling, or kernels not meeting threshold could be immature and not fully expressing the trait. Beyond unintentional mixing, factors contributing to variation in oleic acid concentration in peanut kernels include market type, environment, maturity and/or kernel size; however, the relative influence of these factors, and their interactions, is not quantitatively well understood on the single kernel level. To better understand these factors while simultaneously excluding variation from unintentional mixing, seed from a high oleic spanish cultivar and seed from a high oleic runner cultivar were carefully purified via NIR technology. The purified seed were planted in environmentally controlled test plots to analyze the progeny for oleic acid chemistry. Post flowering, plot sections were either chilled (3.8 -5.0 C below ambient), maintained at ambient or heated (3.8-5.0 C above ambient) in the pod zone to characterize soil temperature effects on oleic acid chemistry development. Fully randomized (4 reps) plots included the purified high oleic spanish and runner cultivars, three soil temperatures, seed maturity (profile board), commercial kernel size classifications, and a late season flower termination protocol. At harvest, the oleic acid concentration of approximately 24,000 individual kernels were measured via NIR technology. Market type, temperature, maturity and size had a significant effect on high oleic chemistry among kernels. Late season flower termination significantly, and positively, influenced high oleic chemistry of runner peanuts, minimized the number of immature kernels not meeting high oleic threshold and resulted in elevated and more consistent distributions in this key chemistry; distributions that were more similar to those of the more botanically determinate, but lower yielding, spanish market type. Data from this study improves our understanding of expected natural variation in high oleic chemistry and suggests late season flower termination of runner peanuts is a viable strategy to maximize high oleic chemistry on the single kernel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Davis
- Director of Technical Services, JLA International, Albany, GA USA, a subsidiary of IEH Laboratories, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155 and Adjunct Faculty, Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - J.M. Leek
- Chairman of the Board, JLA International, Albany, GA USA, a subsidiary of IEH Laboratories, Lake Forest Park, WA 98155
| | - D.S. Sweigart
- Dan S. Sweigart, The Hershey Company, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - P. Dang
- Research Biochemist, Research Agricultural Engineer, Research Agronomist, and Supervisory Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - C.L. Butts
- Research Biochemist, Research Agricultural Engineer, Research Agronomist, and Supervisory Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - R.B. Sorensen
- Research Biochemist, Research Agricultural Engineer, Research Agronomist, and Supervisory Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
| | - C.Y. Chen
- Professor, Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849
| | - M.C. Lamb
- Research Biochemist, Research Agricultural Engineer, Research Agronomist, and Supervisory Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 39842
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