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Yang Z, Wu H, Wang Z, Bian E, Zhao B. The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38951882 PMCID: PMC11218314 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived, nanometer-sized particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer. All kinds of biological molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively loaded into sEVs and transmitted to recipient cells that are near and distant. Growing shreds of evidence show the significant biological function and the clinical significance of sEVs in cancers. Numerous recent studies have validated that sEVs play an important role in tumor progression and can be utilized to diagnose, stage, grading, and monitor early tumors. In addition, sEVs have also served as drug delivery nanocarriers and cancer vaccines. Although it is still infancy, the field of basic and translational research based on sEVs has grown rapidly. In this review, we summarize the latest research on sEVs in gliomas, including their role in the malignant biological function of gliomas, and the potential of sEVs in non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, i.e., as nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - HaoYuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ZhiWei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ErBao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
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2
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Yang Y, Yuan Q, Tang W, Ma Y, Duan J, Yang G, Fang Y. Role of long non-coding RNA in chemoradiotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1346413. [PMID: 38487724 PMCID: PMC10937456 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1346413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Common treatment methods for NPC include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical intervention. Despite these approaches, the prognosis for NPC remains poor due to treatment resistance and recurrence. Hence, there is a crucial need for more comprehensive research into the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in NPC. Long non coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are elongated RNA molecules that do not encode proteins. They paly significant roles in various biological processes within tumors, such as chemotherapy resistance, radiation resistance, and tumor recurrence. Recent studies have increasingly unveiled the mechanisms through which LncRNAs contribute to treatment resistance in NPC. Consequently, LncRNAs hold promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diagnosing NPC. This review provides an overview of the role of LncRNAs in NPC treatment resistance and explores their potential as therapeutic targets for managing NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - QuPing Yuan
- Puer People’s Hospital, Department of Critical Medicine, PuEr, Yunnan, China
| | - Weijian Tang
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - JingYan Duan
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - GuoNing Yang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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3
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Wei X, Zhang D, Zhu Y. Exosomes: Toward a potential application in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230027. [PMID: 39188515 PMCID: PMC11235804 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the urinary system, known for its rapid progression and high likelihood of recurrence. Despite ongoing efforts, clinical diagnosis and treatment of BC remain limited. As such, there is an urgent need to investigate potential mechanisms underlying this disease. Exosomes, which contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, are regarded as extracellular messengers because they are implicated in facilitating intercellular communication in various diseases and are pivotal in tumor advancement, serving as a promising avenue for such researches. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous nature of BC necessitates further exploration of the potential involvement of exosomes in disease progression. This review comprehensively outlines the biological attributes of exosomes and their critical roles in tumorigenesis, while also discussing their potential applications in regulating the progression of BC involving clinical diagnosis, prognostication and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Laboratory Medicine Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Dagan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Pascual-García S, Martínez-Peinado P, Pujalte-Satorre C, Navarro-Sempere A, Esteve-Girbés J, López-Jaén AB, Javaloyes-Antón J, Cobo-Velacoracho R, Navarro-Blasco FJ, Sempere-Ortells JM. Exosomal Osteoclast-Derived miRNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Their Pathogenesis in Bone Erosion to New Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1506. [PMID: 38338785 PMCID: PMC10855630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, pain, and ultimately, bone erosion of the joints. The causes of this disease are multifactorial, including genetic factors, such as the presence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04 variant, alterations in the microbiota, or immune factors including increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), neutrophils, or elevated M1 macrophages which, taken together, produce high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we focused on the function exerted by osteoclasts on osteoblasts and other osteoclasts by means of the release of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs). Based on a thorough revision, we classified these molecules into three categories according to their function: osteoclast inhibitors (miR-23a, miR-29b, and miR-214), osteoblast inhibitors (miR-22-3p, miR-26a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-125b, and miR-146a), and osteoblast enhancers (miR-20a, miR-34a, miR-96, miR-106a, miR-142, miR-199a, miR-324, and miR-486b). Finally, we analyzed potential therapeutic targets of these exosomal miRNAs, such as the use of antagomiRs, blockmiRs, agomiRs and competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which are already being tested in murine and ex vivo models of RA. These strategies might have an important role in reestablishing the regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation making progress in the development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pascual-García
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | | | | | - Alicia Navarro-Sempere
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Jorge Esteve-Girbés
- Department of Legal Studies of the State, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Ana B. López-Jaén
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Juan Javaloyes-Antón
- Department of Physics, Systems Engineering and Signal Theory, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Raúl Cobo-Velacoracho
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Rheumatology Unit, University General Hospital of Elche, 03203 Elche, Spain
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5
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Feng Y, Huo Q, Li BY, Yokota H. Unveiling the Dichotomy of Urinary Proteins: Diagnostic Insights into Breast and Prostate Cancer and Their Roles. Proteomes 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38250812 PMCID: PMC10801584 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review covers the diagnostic potential of urinary biomarkers, shedding light on their linkage to cancer progression. Urinary biomarkers offer non-invasive avenues for detecting cancers, potentially bypassing the invasiveness of biopsies. The investigation focuses primarily on breast and prostate cancers due to their prevalence among women and men, respectively. The intricate interplay of urinary proteins is explored, revealing a landscape where proteins exhibit context-dependent behaviors. The review highlights the potential impact of physical activity on urinary proteins, suggesting its influence on tumorigenic behaviors. Exercise-conditioned urine may emerge as a potential diagnostic biomarker source. Furthermore, treatment effects, notably after lumpectomy and prostatectomy, induce shifts in the urinary proteome, indicating therapeutic impacts rather than activating oncogenic signaling. The review suggests further investigations into the double-sided, context-dependent nature of urinary proteins, the potential role of post-translational modifications (PTM), and the integration of non-protein markers like mRNA and metabolites. It also discusses a linkage of urinary proteomes with secretomes from induced tumor-suppressing cells (iTSCs). Despite challenges like cancer heterogeneity and sample variability due to age, diet, and comorbidities, harnessing urinary proteins and proteoforms may hold promise for advancing our understanding of cancer progressions, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic role of urinary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Qingji Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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6
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Boussios S, Devo P, Goodall ICA, Sirlantzis K, Ghose A, Shinde SD, Papadopoulos V, Sanchez E, Rassy E, Ovsepian SV. Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14356. [PMID: 37762660 PMCID: PMC10531522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer originating from renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC comprising approximately 80% of cases. The primary treatment modalities for RCC are surgery and targeted therapy, albeit with suboptimal efficacies. Despite progress in RCC research, significant challenges persist, including advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in multiple aspects of RCC, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response. These membrane-bound vesicles are released into the extracellular environment by nearly all cell types and are capable of transferring various bioactive molecules, including RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, aiding intercellular communication. The molecular cargo carried by EVs renders them an attractive resource for biomarker identification, while their multifarious role in the RCC offers opportunities for diagnosis and targeted interventions, including EV-based therapies. As the most versatile type of EVs, exosomes have attracted much attention as nanocarriers of biologicals, with multi-range signaling effects. Despite the growing interest in exosomes, there is currently no widely accepted consensus on their subtypes and properties. The emerging heterogeneity of exosomes presents both methodological challenges and exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of exosomes, with a particular reference to the recent advances in their application to the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki–Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Perry Devo
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Iain C. A. Goodall
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Konstantinos Sirlantzis
- School of Engineering, Technology and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, London, UK
| | - Sayali D. Shinde
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | | | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
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Shi Y, Zhao Z, He X, Luo J, Chen T, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Sun J. The Characteristic Function of Blood-Derived Exosomes and Exosomal circRNAs Isolated from Dairy Cattle during the Dry Period and Mid-Lactation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12166. [PMID: 37569544 PMCID: PMC10419012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication. They are secreted by most cells and contain a cargo of protein-coding genes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which modulate recipient cell behavior. Herein, we collected blood samples from Holstein cows at days 30 (mid-lactation) and 250 (dry period) of pregnancy. Prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone levels showed an obvious increase during D250. We then extracted exosomes from bovine blood samples and found that their sizes generally ranged from 100 to 200 nm. Further, Western blotting validated that they contained CD9, CD63, and TSG101, but not calnexin. Blood-derived exosomes significantly promoted the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, particularly from D250. This change was accompanied by increased expression levels of proliferation marker proteins PCNA, cyclin D, and cyclin E, as detected by EdU assay, cell counting kit-8 assay, and flow cytometric cell cycle analysis. Moreover, we treated mammary epithelial cells with blood-derived exosomes that were isolated from the D30 and D250 periods. And RNA-seq of two groups of cells led to the identification of 839 differentially expressed genes that were significantly enriched in KEGG signaling pathways associated with apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation. In bovine blood-derived exosomes, we found 12,747 protein-coding genes, 31,181 lncRNAs, 9374 transcripts of uncertain coding potential (TUCP) candidates, and 460 circRNAs, and 32 protein-coding genes, 806 lncRNAs, 515 TUCP candidates, and 45 circRNAs that were differentially expressed between the D30 and D250 groups. We selected six highly expressed and four differentially expressed circRNAs to verify their head-to-tail splicing using PCR and Sanger sequencing. To summarize, our findings improve our understanding of the key roles of blood-derived exosomes and the characterization of exosomal circRNAs in mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (Q.X.)
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (Q.X.)
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8
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Zhao J, Li J, Zhang R. Off the fog to find the optimal choice: Research advances in biomarkers for early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of bladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188926. [PMID: 37230421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) has high morbidity and mortality rates owing to challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Advanced BC is prone to recurrence after surgery, necessitating early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring to improve the prognosis of patients. Traditional detection methods for BC include cystoscopy, cytology, and imaging; however, these methods have drawbacks such as invasiveness, lack of sensitivity, and high costs. Existing reviews on BC focus on treatment and management and lack a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers. Our article reviews various biomarkers for the early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of BC and outlines the existing challenges associated with their application and possible solutions. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential application of urine biomarkers as a non-invasive, inexpensive adjunctive test for screening high-risk populations or evaluating patients with suspected BC symptoms, thereby alleviating the discomfort and financial burden associated with cystoscopy and improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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9
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Li S, Xin K, Pan S, Wang Y, Zheng J, Li Z, Liu X, Liu B, Xu Z, Chen X. Blood-based liquid biopsy: insights into early detection, prediction, and treatment monitoring of bladder cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:28. [PMID: 37016296 PMCID: PMC10074703 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a clinical challenge worldwide with late clinical presentation, poor prognosis, and low survival rates. Traditional cystoscopy and tissue biopsy are routine methods for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of BC. However, due to the heterogeneity and limitations of tumors, such as aggressiveness, high cost, and limited applicability of longitudinal surveillance, the identification of tumor markers has attracted significant attention in BC. Over the past decade, liquid biopsies (e.g., blood) have proven to be highly efficient methods for the discovery of BC biomarkers. This noninvasive sampling method is used to analyze unique tumor components released into the peripheral circulation and allows serial sampling and longitudinal monitoring of tumor progression. Several liquid biopsy biomarkers are being extensively studied and have shown promising results in clinical applications of BC, including early detection, detection of microscopic residual disease, prediction of recurrence, and response to therapy. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide an update on various novel blood-based liquid biopsy markers and review the advantages and current limitations of liquid biopsy in BC therapy. The role of blood-based circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, cell-free RNA, exosomes, metabolomics, and proteomics in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring, and their applicability to the personalized management of BC, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bitian Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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10
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El Sharkawi FZ, El Sabah M, Atya HB, Khaled HM. Urinary BLACAT1 as a non-invasive biomarker for bladder cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4339-4345. [PMID: 36939965 PMCID: PMC10147806 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is recorded as the fifth most common cancer worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. The most urgent problem in BCs is the high recurrence rate as two-thirds of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) will develop into muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which retains a feature of rapid progress and metastasis. In addition, only a limited number of biomarkers are available for diagnosing BC compared to other cancers. Hence, finding sensitive and specific biomarkers for predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with BC is critically needed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the expression and clinical significance of urinary lncRNA BLACAT1 as a non-invasively diagnostic and prognostic biomarker to detect and differentiate BCs stages. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression levels of urinary BLACAT1 were detected by qRT-PCR assay in seventy (70) BC patients with different TNM grades (T0-T3) and twelve (12) healthy subjects as control. BLACAT1 was downregulated in superficial stages (T0 = 0.09 ± 0.02 and T1 = 0.5 ± 0.1) compared to healthy control. Furthermore, in the invasive stages, its levels started to elevate in the T2 stage (1.2 ± 0. 2), and higher levels were detected in the T3 stage with a mean value of (5.2 ± 0.6). This elevation was positively correlated with disease progression. Therefore, BLACAT1 can differentiate between metastatic and non-metastatic stages of BCs. Furthermore, its predictive values are not like to be influenced by schistosomal infection. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of BLACAT1 in invasive stages predicted an unfavorable prognosis for patients with BCs, as it contributes to the migration and metastasis of BCs. Therefore, we can conclude that urinary BLACAT1 may be considered a non-invasive promising metastatic biomarker for BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Z El Sharkawi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El Sabah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa B Atya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1239-1263. [PMID: 35838769 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes emerged as valuable sources of disease biomarkers and new therapeutic tools. However, extracellular vesicles isolation with exosome-like characteristics from certain biofluids is still challenging which can limit their potential use in clinical settings. While ultracentrifugation-based procedures are the gold standard for exosome isolation from cell cultures, no unique and standardized method for exosome isolation from distinct body fluids exists. The complexity, specific composition, and physical properties of each biofluid constitute a technical barrier to obtain reproducible and pure exosome preparations, demanding a detailed characterization of both exosome isolation and characterization methods. Moreover, some isolation procedures can affect downstream proteomic or RNA profiling analysis. This review compiles and discussed a set of comparative studies addressing distinct exosome isolation methods from human biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, saliva, and urine, also focusing on body fluid specific challenges, physical properties, and other potential variation sources. This summarized information will facilitate the choice of exosome isolation methods, based on the type of biological samples available, and hopefully encourage the use of exosomes in translational and clinical research.
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12
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Jiang T, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Chen M, Chen S. Role of tumor-derived exosomes in metastasis, drug resistance and diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1066288. [PMID: 36620603 PMCID: PMC9810999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1066288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cancer is one of the most extensively studied human tumors today, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma accounting for approximately 80% of all cases. Despite recent advances in research on clear cell renal cell carcinoma, advanced distant metastasis of the disease, delay in diagnosis, as well as drug resistance remain major problems. In recent years, as an important mediator of material and information exchange between cells in the tumor microenvironment, exosomes have attracted widespread attention for their role in tumor development. It has been reported that tumor-derived exosomes may act as regulators and have an important effect on the metastasis, drug resistance formation, and providing targets for early diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, the extensive study of tumour-derived exosomes will provide a meaningful reference for the development of the diagnostic and therapeutic field of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This article reviews the biological role and research progress of tumor-derived exosomes in different aspects of premetastatic niche formation, tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In addition, the role of tumor-derived exosomes in the development of drug resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is also addressed in this review. Furthermore, recent studies have found that cargoes of exosomes in serum and urine, for example, a series of miRNAs, have the potential to be biological markers of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and provide meaningful targets for early diagnosis and monitoring of tumors, which is also covered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zepeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Malinaric R, Mantica G, Lo Monaco L, Mariano F, Leonardi R, Simonato A, Van der Merwe A, Terrone C. The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers-What Should a Urologist Really Know? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159648. [PMID: 35955004 PMCID: PMC9368399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyze and describe the current landscape of bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers. We researched the literature from 2016 to November 2021 to find the most promising new molecules and divided them into seven different subgroups based on their function and location in the cell. Although cystoscopy and cytology are still the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance when it comes to bladder cancer (BCa), their cost is quite a burden for national health systems worldwide. Currently, the research is focused on finding a biomarker that has high negative predictive value (NPV) and can exclude with a certainty the presence of the tumor, considering missing it could be disastrous for the patient. Every subgroup has its own advantages and disadvantages; for example, protein biomarkers cost less than genomic ones, but on the other hand, they seem to be less precise. We tried to simplify this complicated topic as much as possible in order to make it comprehensible to doctors and urologists that are not as familiar with it, as well as encourage them to actively participate in ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Malinaric
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Guglielmo Mantica
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Monaco
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Mariano
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosario Leonardi
- Department of Urology, Casa di Cura Musumeci GECAS, 95030 Gravina di Catania, Italy
| | - Alchiede Simonato
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - André Van der Merwe
- Department of Urology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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14
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Liu C, Xiao K, Xie L. Advances in the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization by Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Implications for ALI/ARDS Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928134. [PMID: 35880175 PMCID: PMC9307903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a common condition with high mortality. ALI/ARDS is caused by multiple etiologies, and the main clinical manifestations are progressive dyspnea and intractable hypoxemia. Currently, supportive therapy is the main ALI/ARDS treatment, and there remains a lack of targeted and effective therapeutic strategies. Macrophages are important components of innate immunity. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory, while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and promote tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells with broad application prospects in tissue regeneration due to their multi-directional differentiation potential along with their anti-inflammatory and paracrine properties. MSCs can regulate the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization to improve the prognosis of ALI/ARDS. In this paper, we review the mechanisms by which MSCs regulate macrophage polarization and the signaling pathways associated with polarization. This review is expected to provide new targets for the treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Center of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Xiao, ; Lixin Xie,
| | - Lixin Xie
- Center of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Xiao, ; Lixin Xie,
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15
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Li C, Zeng X, Qiu S, Gu Y, Zhang Y. Nanomedicine for urologic cancers: diagnosis and management. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:463-475. [PMID: 35660001 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers accounted for more than 2 million new cases and around 0.8 million deaths in 2020. Although surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, as well as castration for prostate cancer, remain the cornerstones for managing urologic neoplasms, they can result in severe adverse effects, poor patient compliance, and unsatisfactory survival rates, thus, it is essential to develop novel options that enable the early detection of these malignancies, together with providing accurate diagnoses, and more efficient treatment strategies. Nanomedicine represents an emerging approach that can deliver formulations or drugs across traditional biological barriers in the body and be directed to specific cell types within target organs via active targeting or passive targeting, thus, showing potential to improve the management of urologic cancers. In this review, we discussed the most recent updates on the application of nanomedicines in the diagnosis and treatment of urologic cancers, with focus on prostate, bladder and kidney tumors. We also presented the anti-tumor molecular mechanisms of newly designed nanomedicine for treating urologic cancers, mainly including image-guided surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and their synergetic therapy. Current studies have demonstrated the potential advantages of nanomedicine over conventional approaches. However, most developments and new findings in this area have not been validated in clinical trials yet, and therefore, efforts shall be made to translate these research insights into clinical practices for urologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Li
- Biomedical Big Data Center, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- Biomedical Big Data Center, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Gu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Jin T, Botchway BOA, Fan R, Wang L, Liu X. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined With Extracellular Vesicles May Improve Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:830346. [PMID: 35663577 PMCID: PMC9158432 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.830346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of central nervous system diseases together with their intricate pathogenesis complicate the establishment of effective treatment strategies. Presently, the superiority of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on neuronal injuries has attracted significant attention. Similarly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential interventional agents that could identify and treat nerve injuries. Herein, we reviewed the potential effects of ADSCs and EVs on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) injured nerves, and expound on their practical application in the clinic setting. This article predominantly focused on the therapeutic role of ADSCs concerning the pathogenesis of ALS, the protective and reparative effects of EVs on nerve injury, as well as the impact following the combined usage of ADSCs and EVs in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | | | - Ruihua Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lvxia Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu,
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17
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Schulz A, Loloi J, Pina Martina L, Sankin A. The Development of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tools in Bladder Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:497-507. [PMID: 35529887 PMCID: PMC9075009 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s283891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common urinary tract cancer with a difficult clinical course. With frequent recurrence, patients with a history of bladder cancer often undergo surveillance that involves invasive cystoscopies and biopsies. Not only is this financially burdensome for patients but it is also mentally and physically intensive. Given this predicament, the field has shifted towards the use of non-invasive urinary tests to detect bladder cancer earlier in the disease course and to avoid unnecessary procedures. The first non-invasive test developed was urine cytology; however, that was found to have a low sensitivity, especially for low-grade lesions. There are many tests that are available that utilize common protein biomarkers to enhance the sensitivity of detection. However, many of these tests lack the specificity seen with cytology. With recent technological and research advancements, there are newer detection systems such as RNA sequencing and microfluidics along with novel bladder cancer biomarkers including mRNAs, methylation patterns and exosomes, which have potential to be used in clinical practice. The aim of this review is to highlight established non-invasive bladder cancer diagnostic tests as well as innovative methodologies that are on the horizon for use in bladder cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Schulz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Justin Loloi
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11061, USA
| | - Luis Pina Martina
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11061, USA
| | - Alexander Sankin
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11061, USA
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18
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Wang Y, Zhao R, Jiao X, Wu L, Wei Y, Shi F, Zhong J, Xiong L. Small Extracellular Vesicles: Functions and Potential Clinical Applications as Cancer Biomarkers. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101044. [PMID: 34685415 PMCID: PMC8541078 DOI: 10.3390/life11101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, as the second leading cause of death worldwide, is a major public health concern that imposes a heavy social and economic burden. Effective approaches for either diagnosis or therapy of most cancers are still lacking. Dynamic monitoring and personalized therapy are the main directions for cancer research. Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential disease biomarkers. Cancer EVs, including small EVs (sEVs), contain unique biomolecules (protein, nucleic acid, and lipids) at various stages of carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis of sEVs, and their functions in cancer, revealing the potential applications of sEVs as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruichen Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xueqiao Jiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Longyuan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fuxiu Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junpei Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (L.W.); (Y.W.); (F.S.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8636-0556
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19
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Elzohery N, Ismael NS, Khairy RA, Soliman SAM. Expression of GATA3 and Cytokeratin 14 in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) with squamous differentiation (SD) is the most common histologic variant of bladder carcinoma and its presence is associated with poor prognosis which may need early radical cystectomy to avoid progression and recurrence. It is difficult to detect few foci of SD, especially nonkeratinizing or early switch from urothelial to squamous epithelium on only morphological basis. Combination of GATA3 and Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) could be helpful in differentiating pure UC, UC with SD and pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
AIM: Assessment of GATA3 and CK14 expression in urinary bladder carcinoma and correlation with clinical and histopathological variables, for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty cases of archived paraffin blocks of urinary bladder carcinoma were tested for GATA3 and CK14 expression by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit monoclonal antibody against human CK 14 and mouse monoclonal antibody against GATA3, respectively.
RESULTS: There is a significant correlation between GATA3 immunohistochemical expression and histological tumor subtypes of bladder carcinoma (p < 0.001), i.e. the GATA3 is a useful marker for urothelial origin especially in papillary UC. There is a significant correlation between GATA3 immunohistochemical expression and UC grade (p < 0.001). CK14 showed positive cytoplasmic staining in 9/14 (64.3%) cases of UC with SD and (13/13) (100%) cases of pure SCC and negative in 33/33(100%) cases of UC other than UC with SD. CK14 had sensitivity (64.3%) and specificity (100%) for areas of SD.
CONCLUSION: GATA3 is a specific immunohistochemical marker for urothelial origin. CK14 is a highly specific and sensitive immunohistochemical marker of squamous cell carcinoma.
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20
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Xu Y, Lou J, Yu M, Jiang Y, Xu H, Huang Y, Gao Y, Wang H, Li G, Wang Z, Zhao A. Urinary Exosomes Diagnosis of Urological Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734587. [PMID: 34568070 PMCID: PMC8462303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes could be released directly into the urine by the urological tumoral cells, so testing urinary exosomes has great potential for non-invasive diagnosis and monitor of urological tumors. The objective of this study is to systematically review and meta-analysis of urinary exosome for urological tumors diagnosis. Materials and Methods A systematic review of the recent English-language literature was conducted according to the PRISMA statement recommendations (CRD42021250613) using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to April 30, 2021. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed according to the QUADAS 2 tool. The true diagnostic value of urinary exosomes by calculating the number of true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative, diagnoses by extracting specificity and sensitivity data from the selected literature. Results Sixteen eligible studies enrolling 3224 patients were identified. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of urinary exosomes as a diagnostic tool in urological tumors were 83% and 88%, respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94). Further subgroup analyses showed that our results were stable irrespective of the urinary exosome content type and tumor type. Conclusion Urinary exosomes may serve as novel non-invasive biomarkers for urological cancer detection. Future clinical trial designs must validate and explore their utility in treatment decision-making. Systematic Review Registration [
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021250613].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Lou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingke Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Jiang
- Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Central Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueyu Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Experimental Research Center, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Urology, North Hospital, CHU of Saint-Etienne, University of Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Inserm U1059, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zongping Wang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Zhao
- Experimental Research Center, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Zhou X, Kurywchak P, Wolf-Dennen K, Che SP, Sulakhe D, D’Souza M, Xie B, Maltsev N, Gilliam TC, Wu CC, McAndrews KM, LeBleu VS, McConkey DJ, Volpert OV, Pretzsch SM, Czerniak BA, Dinney CP, Kalluri R. Unique somatic variants in DNA from urine exosomes of individuals with bladder cancer. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:360-376. [PMID: 34514028 PMCID: PMC8408559 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC), a heterogeneous disease characterized by high recurrence rates, is diagnosed and monitored by cystoscopy. Accurate clinical staging based on biopsy remains a challenge, and additional, objective diagnostic tools are needed urgently. We used exosomal DNA (exoDNA) as an analyte to examine cancer-associated mutations and compared the diagnostic utility of exoDNA from urine and serum of individuals with BC. In contrast to urine exosomes from healthy individuals, urine exosomes from individuals with BC contained significant amounts of DNA. Whole-exome sequencing of DNA from matched urine and serum exosomes, bladder tumors, and normal tissue (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) identified exonic and 3' UTR variants in frequently mutated genes in BC, detectable in urine exoDNA and matched tumor samples. Further analyses identified somatic variants in driver genes, unique to urine exoDNA, possibly because of the inherent intra-tumoral heterogeneity of BC, which is not fully represented in random small biopsies. Multiple variants were also found in untranslated portions of the genome, such as microRNA (miRNA)-binding regions of the KRAS gene. Gene network analyses revealed that exoDNA is associated with cancer, inflammation, and immunity in BC exosomes. Our findings show utility of exoDNA as an objective, non-invasive strategy to identify novel biomarkers and targets for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunian Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Kurywchak
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kerri Wolf-Dennen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara P.Y. Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalia Maltsev
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T. Conrad Gilliam
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J. McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga V. Volpert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanna M. Pretzsch
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan A. Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin P. Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Rimmer MP, Gregory CD, Mitchell RT. Extracellular vesicles in urological malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188570. [PMID: 34019971 PMCID: PMC8351753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bound structures released from cells containing bioactive cargoes. Both the type of cargo and amount loaded varies compared to that of the parent cell. The characterisation of EVs in cancers of the male urogenital tract has identified several cargoes with promising diagnostic and disease monitoring potential. EVs released by cancers of the male urogenital tract promote cell-to-cell communication, migration, cancer progression and manipulate the immune system promoting metastasis by evading the immune response. Their use as diagnostic biomarkers represents a new area of screening and disease detection, potentially reducing the need for invasive biopsies. Many validated EV cargoes have been found to have superior sensitivity and specificity than current diagnostic tools currently in use. The use of EVs to improve disease monitoring and develop novel therapeutics will enable clinicians to individualise patient management in the exciting era of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Rimmer
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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23
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He L, Ip DKM, Tam G, Lui VCH, Tam PKH, Chung PHY. Biomarkers for the diagnosis and post-Kasai portoenterostomy prognosis of biliary atresia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11692. [PMID: 34083585 PMCID: PMC8175424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the accuracy of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) and prognostic stratification after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and OVID for English literature reporting BA biomarkers published before August 2020. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. A total of 51 eligible studies were included in the systematic review, and data from 12 (4182 subjects) were extracted for meta-analysis regarding the following 2 domains: (1) serum matrix metallopeptidase-7 (MMP-7), interleukin33 (IL-33) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to differentiate BA from non-BA; (2) the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRi) to predict post-KPE liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The summary sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of MMP-7 for diagnosing BA were 96%, 91% and 0.9847, respectively, and those of GGT were 80%, 79% and 0.9645, respectively. The summary sensitivity and specificity of IL-33 for diagnosing BA were 77% and 85%, respectively. The summary sensitivity and specificity of APRi for predicting post-KPE liver fibrosis were 61% and 80%, respectively, and the summary sensitivity, specificity and AUC of APRi for predicting post-KPE cirrhosis were 78%, 83% and 0.8729, respectively. Moreover, good evidence was shown in investigations of serum IL-18 and IL-33 in distinguishing BA from healthy controls, serum IL-18 for prognosis of post-KPE persistent jaundice, and serum hyaluronic acid and MMP-7 for prognosis of post-KPE significant liver fibrosis. MMP-7, IL-33 and GGT are useful biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of BA. APRi might be used to predict post-KPE significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. These noninvasive biomarkers can be integrated into the management protocol of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dennis Kai Ming Ip
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Greta Tam
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Vincent Chi Hang Lui
- Departmet of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Departmet of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Patrick Ho Yu Chung
- Departmet of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR.
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24
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Li Y, Qu H, Ji J, Wang Y, Liu T, He J, Wang J, Shu D, Luo C. Characterization of the exosomes in the allantoic fluid of the chicken embryo. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The embryo stage is critical for chicken development. Numerous studies have been conducted to clarify the dynamic changes and functions of various proteins and the composition of amino acids during embryo development. However, the physiological characteristics of extraembryonic fluid (allantoic and amniotic), especially allantoic fluid (AF), remain largely unexplored; furthermore, how information is transmitted from embryonic fluid is unknown. In this study, AF-derived exosomes ranging from 60 to 160 nm in diameter from fertilized eggs at 13 d of incubation of fast-growth chickens (WG chicken), medium-growth chickens (Silky N4 chicken), and slow-growth chickens (Huiyang Beard chicken) were isolated and purified by different ultra-centrifugations and further verified by transmission electron microscopy and a flow nano-analyzer. Expression of the exosomal positive biomarkers of ALIX and HSP70 as well as lack of the epithelium marker GRP78 was observed by Western blotting. In addition, small RNA sequencing revealed that AF-derived exosomes at 13 d of incubation contained a large number of known miRNAs (32.62%–65.83%). The top 10 most abundant and co-expressed miRNAs were primarily related to development, growth, and immunity. In addition, AF-derived exosomes promoted DF-1 cell migration. These findings broadened our understanding of the characteristic of AF-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tianfei Liu
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyi He
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dingming Shu
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenglong Luo
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Dafeng 1st Street, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640, China
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25
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Geng H, Zhou Q, Guo W, Lu L, Bi L, Wang Y, Min J, Yu D, Liang Z. Exosomes in bladder cancer: novel biomarkers and targets. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:341-347. [PMID: 33973417 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell. In recent years, several studies have showed that exosomes can provide new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cancers, including bladder cancer (BC), and the lipid bilayer membrane structure makes exosomes as promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications. Exosomes have the characteristics of high abundance, high stability, tissue specificity, and wide distribution in body fluids, and are secreted as various types by cells in different states, thereby possessing great potential as biomarkers for BC. Herein, we briefly summarize the functions and roles of exosomes in the occurrence and development of BC and the current progress of research on exosomes in BC, while focusing on potential clinical applications of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingchen Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children Health Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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26
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Barani M, Hosseinikhah SM, Rahdar A, Farhoudi L, Arshad R, Cucchiarini M, Pandey S. Nanotechnology in Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2214. [PMID: 34063088 PMCID: PMC8125468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract in men and the fourth most common cancer in women, and its incidence rises with age. There are many conventional methods for diagnosis and treatment of BC. There are some current biomarkers and clinical tests for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. For example, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and surgical, but residual tumor cells mostly cause tumor recurrence. In addition, chemotherapy after transurethral resection causes high side effects, and lack of selectivity, and low sensitivity in sensing. Therefore, it is essential to improve new procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. Nanotechnology has recently sparked an interest in a variety of areas, including medicine, chemistry, physics, and biology. Nanoparticles (NP) have been used in tumor therapies as appropriate tools for enhancing drug delivery efficacy and enabling therapeutic performance. It is noteworthy, nanomaterial could be reduced the limitation of conventional cancer diagnosis and treatments. Since, the major disadvantages of therapeutic drugs are their insolubility in an aqueous solvent, for instance, paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the important therapeutic agents utilized to treating BC, due to its ability to prevent cancer cell growth. However, its major problem is the poor solubility, which has confirmed to be a challenge when improving stable formulations for BC treatment. In order to reduce this challenge, anti-cancer drugs can be loaded into NPs that can improve water solubility. In our review, we state several nanosystem, which can effective and useful for the diagnosis, treatment of BC. We investigate the function of metal NPs, polymeric NPs, liposomes, and exosomes accompanied therapeutic agents for BC Therapy, and then focused on the potential of nanotechnology to improve conventional approaches in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran;
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran; (S.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Leila Farhoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran; (S.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Particulate Matter Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), 187-12, Geumho-ro, Gwangyang-si 57801, Korea
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27
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Liu YL, Wang XL, Yang XH, Wu XH, He GX, Xie LM, Cao XJ, Guo XG. Pooled analysis of Xpert Bladder Cancer based on the 5 mRNAs for rapid diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:42. [PMID: 33563292 PMCID: PMC7874628 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xpert Bladder Cancer is a detection method developed in recent years, designed with the functions of integrating sample automatically, nucleic acid amplification, and target sequence detection. It is a urine assay targeting five mRNAs (CRH, IGF2, UPK1B, ANXA10, and ABL1). The purpose of this article is to review the accuracy of Xpert Bladder Cancer in the follow-up diagnosis of bladder cancer and evaluate the role of Xpert Bladder Cancer in detecting the recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the round. Methods In the database of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, the articles published up to October 13, 2020, were searched and screened based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the included studies. The sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio summary of receiver operating characteristic curves, and diagnostic odds ratio were combined by the Meta-DiSc 1.4 software. The Stata 12.0 software was used to obtain the assessment of publication bias. Results A total of 8 articles involving eight fourfold tables were finally identified. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of Xpert Bladder Cancer in the diagnosis of bladder cancer were 0.71 and 0.81, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 3.74 and 0.34, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.8407. The diagnostic odds ratio was 11.99. Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test manifested no publication bias. Conclusions In summary, Xpert Bladder Cancer presents high accuracy and specificity in monitoring bladder cancer compared with cystoscopy. More researches are still required to further confirm this conclusion. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02154-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ling Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xue-Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Guo-Xin He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Min Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xun-Jie Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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28
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Liu J, Chen Y, Pei F, Zeng C, Yao Y, Liao W, Zhao Z. Extracellular Vesicles in Liquid Biopsies: Potential for Disease Diagnosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6611244. [PMID: 33506022 PMCID: PMC7814955 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is conducted through minimally invasive or noninvasive procedures, and the resulting material can be subjected to genomic, proteomic, and lipidomic analyses for early diagnosis of cancers and other diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), one kind of promising tool for liquid biopsy, are nanosized bilayer particles that are secreted by all kinds of cells and that carry cargoes such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, protecting them from enzymatic degradation in the extracellular environment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the properties and applications of EVs, including their biogenesis, contents, sample collection, isolation, and applications in diagnostics based on liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Pei
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongmai Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Vu NB, Nguyen HT, Palumbo R, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Pham PV. Stem cell-derived exosomes for wound healing: current status and promising directions. Minerva Med 2020; 112:384-400. [PMID: 33263376 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing, especially of chronic wounds, is still an unmet therapeutic area since assessment and management are extremely complicated. Although many efforts have been made to treat wounds, all strategies have achieved limited results for chronic wounds. Stem cell-based therapy is considered a promising approach for complex wounds such as those occurring in diabetics. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation significantly improves wound closure, angiogenesis and wound healing. However, cell therapy is complex, expensive and time-consuming. Recent studies have shown that stem cell-derived exosomes can be an exciting approach to treat wounds. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells can induce benefit in almost all stages of wound healing, including control of immune responses, inhibition of inflammation, promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, while reducing scar formation during the wound healing process. This review aimed at offering an updated overview of the use of exosomes in biological applications, such as wound healing, and addresses not only current applications but also new directions for this next-generation approach in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc B Vu
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Rosanna Palumbo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Phuc V Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam - .,Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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30
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Himbert D, Zeuschner P, Ayoubian H, Heinzelmann J, Stöckle M, Junker K. Characterization of CD147, CA9, and CD70 as Tumor-Specific Markers on Extracellular Vesicles in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121034. [PMID: 33276608 PMCID: PMC7761541 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by healthy and tumor cells and are involved in cell–cell communication. Tumor-released EVs could represent a new class of biomarkers from liquid biopsies. The aim of this study was to identify tumor-specific EV markers in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) using cell lines and patient-derived tissue samples. EVs from ccRCC cell lines (786-O, RCC53, Caki1, and Caki2) and patient tissues were isolated via ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting using exosome and putative tumor markers (epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), CD70, CD147). The tumor markers were verified using immunohistochemistry. CA9 was expressed in Caki2 cells and EVs, and CD147 was found in the cells and EVs of all tested ccRCC cell lines. In tumor tissues, we found an increased expression of CA9, CD70, and CD147 were increased in cell lysates and EV fractions compared to normal tissues. In contrast, EpCAM was heterogeneously expressed in tumor samples and positive in normal tissue. To conclude, we developed an effective technique to isolate EVs directly from human tissue samples with high purity and high concentration. In contrast to EpCAM, CA9, CD70, and CD147 could represent promising markers to identify tumor-specific EVs in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Himbert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; (D.H.); (P.Z.); (H.A.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Philip Zeuschner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; (D.H.); (P.Z.); (H.A.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Hiresh Ayoubian
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; (D.H.); (P.Z.); (H.A.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Joana Heinzelmann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; (D.H.); (P.Z.); (H.A.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; (D.H.); (P.Z.); (H.A.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; (D.H.); (P.Z.); (H.A.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Zhang D, Du D, Yi S, Li X. LncRNA PCAT6: A potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tool for Diagnosis, Regeneration and Protection against Neurological Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186859. [PMID: 32962107 PMCID: PMC7555813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently attracted a great deal of interest as they may represent a new biosignaling paradigm. According to the mode of biogenesis, size and composition, two broad categories of EVs have been described, exosomes and microvesicles. EVs have been shown to carry cargoes of signaling proteins, RNA species, DNA and lipids. Once released, their content is selectively taken up by near or distant target cells, influencing their behavior. Exosomes are involved in cell–cell communication in a wide range of embryonic developmental processes and in fetal–maternal communication. In the present review, an outline of the role of EVs in neural development, regeneration and diseases is presented. EVs can act as regulators of normal homeostasis, but they can also promote either neuroinflammation/degeneration or tissue repair in pathological conditions, depending on their content. Since EV molecular cargo constitutes a representation of the origin cell status, EVs can be exploited in the diagnosis of several diseases. Due to their capability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), EVs not only have been suggested for the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders by means of minimally invasive procedures, i.e., “liquid biopsies”, but they are also considered attractive tools for targeted drug delivery across the BBB. From the therapeutic perspective, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising sources of EVs. In particular, the neuroprotective properties of MSCs derived from the dental pulp are here discussed.
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Cabeza L, Perazzoli G, Peña M, Cepero A, Luque C, Melguizo C, Prados J. Cancer therapy based on extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles. J Control Release 2020; 327:296-315. [PMID: 32814093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles of nanometric size secreted by cells to communicate with other cells, either nearby or remotely. Their physicochemical properties make them a promising nanomedicine for drug transport and release in cancer therapy. In this review, we present the different types and biogenesis of EVs and highlight the importance of adequately selecting the cell of origin in cancer therapy. Furthermore, the main methodologies followed for the isolation of EVs and drug loading, as well as the modification and functionalization of these vesicles to generate EV-based nanocarriers are discussed. Finally, we review some of the main studies using drug-loaded exosomes in tumor therapy both in in vitro and in vivo models (even in resistant tumors). These investigations show promising results, achieving significant improvement in the antitumor effect of drugs in most cases. However, the number of clinical trials and patents based on these nanoformulations is still low, thus further research is still warranted in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Peña
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Cepero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Luque
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolacion Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Fangzhou Shi
- Department of GeriatricsAffiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySecond Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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Wu ATH, Srivastava P, Yadav VK, Tzeng DTW, Iamsaard S, Su ECY, Hsiao M, Liu MC. Ovatodiolide, isolated from Anisomeles indica, suppresses bladder carcinogenesis through suppression of mTOR/β-catenin/CDK6 and exosomal miR-21 derived from M2 tumor-associated macrophages. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115109. [PMID: 32544403 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide due to its aggressiveness and resistance against therapies. Intricate interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are essential for both disease progression and regression. Thus, interrupting molecular communications within the TME could potentially provide improved therapeutic efficacies. M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAMs) were shown to contribute to BCa progression and drug resistance. We attempted to provide evidence for ovatodiolide (OV) as a potential therapeutic agent that targets both TME and BCa cells. First, tumor-suppressing functions of OV were determined by cell viability, colony, and tumor-sphere formation assays using a coculture system composed of M2 TAMs/BCa cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from M2 TAMs containing oncomiR-21 and mRNAs, including Akt, STAT3, mTOR, and β-catenin, promoted cisplatin (CDDP) resistance, migration, and tumor-sphere generation in BCa cells, through increasing CDK6, mTOR, STAT3, and β-catenin expression. OV treatment also prevented M2 polarization and reduced EV cargos from M2 TAMs. Finally, in vivo data demonstrated that OV treatment overcame CDDP resistance. OV only and the OV + CDDP combination both resulted in significant reductions in mTOR, β-catenin, CDK6, and miR-21 expression in tumor samples and EVs isolated from serum. Collectively, we demonstrated that M2 TAMs induced malignant properties in BCa cells, in part via oncogenic EVs. OV treatment prevented M2 TAM polarization, reduced EV cargos derived from M2 TAMs, and suppressed β-catenin/mTOR/CDK6 signaling. These findings provide preclinical evidence for OV as a single or adjuvant agent for treating drug-resistant BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T H Wu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Prateeti Srivastava
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; The Program for Translational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- The Program for Translational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - David T W Tzeng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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36
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Zhao C, Pan Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Han W, Lu L, Tang W, Li P, Ou Z, Zhang M, Xiong Z, Xu R, Lu Q, Xu Z, Qi L, Wang L, Xu G. A novel cell-free single-molecule unique primer extension resequencing (cf-SUPER) technology for bladder cancer non-invasive detection in urine. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1222-1231. [PMID: 32676405 PMCID: PMC7354286 DOI: 10.21037/tau-19-774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical diagnostic method for bladder cancer is cystoscopy, an invasive, expensive and inconvenient clinical test. Using urinary cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to develop non-invasive test for bladder cancer was a promising liquid biopsy. Methods To improve the using rate of cfDNA template and decrease the PCR bias for liquid biopsy using urinary cfDNA, we developed a cell-free single-molecule unique primer extension resequencing (cf-SUPER) technology which was done for 29 matched urinary cfDNA and tumor DNA samples of bladder cancer patients to evaluate consistency of mutation profiles. Then, a 22 high mutational frequence genes was selected to form an uriprier panel, which was analyzed in 100 patients (47 bladder cancer cases and 53 controls) using cf-SUPER technology. This performance of the technology was evaluated using bioinformatic tools and clinical samples. Results The study showed that cf-SUPER technology can accurately detect mutations with allele fractions even low as 0.01% and the DNA input as low as 1 ng. The consistency of mutation profiles and clinical pathological diagnose between 29 matched urinary cfDNA and tumor DNA samples was respectively 82.76% and 89.66% by using cf-SUPER technology. Using cf-SUPER technology, the sensitivity and specificity were 98%, 94% respectively for uriprier panel in non-invasive test. Conclusions The preliminary work shows that cf-SUPER technology will be a promising method for liquid biopsy. Focusing urinary cfDNA, the non-invasive diagnose and monitoring of bladder cancer can come true by using cf-SUPER technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Yearth Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li Lu
- Yearth Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Yearth Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changsha 410008, China
| | - Pei Li
- Yearth Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhenyu Ou
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengda Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Yearth Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Zhenzhou Xu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Genming Xu
- Yearth Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changsha 410008, China
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37
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de Oliveira MC, Caires HR, Oliveira MJ, Fraga A, Vasconcelos MH, Ribeiro R. Urinary Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1400. [PMID: 32485907 PMCID: PMC7352974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released by all cells and involved in intercellular communication. Importantly, EVs cargo includes nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins constantly transferred between different cell types, contributing to autocrine and paracrine signaling. In recent years, they have been shown to play vital roles, not only in normal biological functions, but also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In the multistep process of cancer progression, EVs act at different levels, from stimulation of neoplastic transformation, proliferation, promotion of angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and formation of metastatic niches in distant organs, to immune escape and therapy resistance. Moreover, as products of their parental cells, reflecting their genetic signatures and phenotypes, EVs hold great promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Importantly, their potential to overcome the current limitations or the present diagnostic procedures has created interest in bladder cancer (BCa). Indeed, cystoscopy is an invasive and costly technique, whereas cytology has poor sensitivity for early staged and low-grade disease. Several urine-based biomarkers for BCa were found to overcome these limitations. Here, we review their potential advantages and downfalls. In addition, recent literature on the potential of EVs to improve BCa management was reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castanheira de Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Avelino Fraga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Genetics and Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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