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Dube P, Khalaf FK, DeRiso A, Mohammed CJ, Connolly JA, Battepati D, Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Kleinhenz AL, Khatib-Shahidi B, Patel M, Tassavvor I, Gohara AF, Malhotra D, Morgan EE, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Cardioprotective Role for Paraoxonase-1 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2301. [PMID: 36140402 PMCID: PMC9496500 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a hydrolytic enzyme associated with HDL, contributing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. Deficiencies in PON-1 activity result in oxidative stress and detrimental clinical outcomes in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear if a decrease in PON-1 activity is mechanistically linked to adverse cardiovascular events in CKD. We investigated the hypothesis that PON-1 is cardioprotective in a Dahl salt-sensitive model of hypertensive renal disease. Experiments were performed on control Dahl salt-sensitive rats (SSMcwi, hereafter designated SS-WT rats) and mutant PON-1 rats (SS-Pon1em1Mcwi, hereafter designated SS-PON-1 KO rats) generated using CRISPR gene editing technology. Age-matched 10-week-old SS and SS-PON-1 KO male rats were maintained on high-salt diets (8% NaCl) for five weeks to induce hypertensive renal disease. Echocardiography showed that SS-PON-1 KO rats but not SS-WT rats developed compensated left ventricular hypertrophy after only 4 weeks on the high-salt diet. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of genes linked to cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as a significant decrease in genes essential to left ventricular function in SS-PON-1 KO rats compared to SS-WT rats. A histological examination also revealed a significant increase in cardiac fibrosis and immune cell infiltration in SS-PON-1 KO rats, consistent with their cardiac hypertrophy phenotype. Our data suggest that a loss of PON-1 in the salt-sensitive hypertensive model of CKD leads to increased cardiac inflammation and fibrosis as well as a molecular and functional cardiac phenotype consistent with compensated left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Armelle DeRiso
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jacob A. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Dhanushya Battepati
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bella Khatib-Shahidi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Mitra Patel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Iman Tassavvor
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amira F. Gohara
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Eric E. Morgan
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Zuin M, Trentini A, Marsillach J, D'Amuri A, Bosi C, Roncon L, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Mackness M, Cervellati C. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) Arylesterase Activity Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4264314. [PMID: 35308142 PMCID: PMC8930235 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4264314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Aim To review and compare the PON-1 arylesterase activity between coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-CAD patients. Methods Data were obtained by searching MEDLINE and Scopus for all investigations published between January 1, 2000 and March 1, 2021 comparing PON-1 arylesterase activity between CAD and controls. Results Twenty studies, based on 5417 patients, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A random effect model revealed that PON-1 arylesterase activity was significantly lower in the CAD group compared to controls (SMD = -0.587, 95%CI = -0.776 to -0.339, p < 0.0001, I 2 = 92.3%). In CAD patients, the PON-1 arylesterase activity was significantly higher among CAD patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those with diabetes (SMD: 0.235, 95% CI: 0.014 to 0.456, p = 0.03, I 2 = 0%). Conclusions PON-1 activity is significantly lower in CAD patients, and those without DM presented a significantly higher PON-1 arylesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuin
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Italy
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | - Andrea D'Amuri
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Loris Roncon
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Viale Tre Martiri 140, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mike Mackness
- Avenida Principe De' Espanya, Miami Platja 43892, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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BEDİR F, KOCATÜRK H, ALTAY MS, ŞEBİN E, BEDİR B. Serum paraoxonase 1 and 3 activities in benign and malignant diseases of the prostate and changes in levels following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1872-1878. [PMID: 32549522 PMCID: PMC7775696 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study aimed to examine serum paraoxonase 1 and 3 (PON1 and PON3) activities in benign and malignant diseases of the prostate, to determine lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and to investigate changes in levels following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). Materials and methods A total of 137 patients, including a control group, were enrolled in the study and assigned into four groups. Group 1 (n = 33) consisted of patients previously undergoing RALRP with no recurrence, group 2 (n = 36) consisted of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) and undergoing RALRP, and group 3 (n = 34) consisted of patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The control group (n = 34) consisted of healthy individuals. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PON1, PON3, and MDA values were measured. In addition, group 2 MDA, PON1, PON3, and PON1/HDL levels were investigated preoperatively and at the first month postoperatively. Results Significant changes were found in PON1, PON3, and MDA levels. PON1 and PON3 levels decreased significantly in patients with PCa, while MDA levels increased. PON1 and PON3 increased postoperatively in the PCa group, while MDA decreased. BPH group PON1, PON3, and MDA levels were higher than those of the control group. Conclusion An increase in free oxygen radicals in the body or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels can result in malignant and benign diseases of the prostate. Surgical excision of malignant tissue in PCa causes a decrease in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi BEDİR
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Hüseyin KOCATÜRK
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Mehmet Sefa ALTAY
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Engin ŞEBİN
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Banu BEDİR
- Department of Public Health, Aziziye District Health Directorate, ErzurumTurkey
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Bains Y, Caccavello R, Kotani K, Gugliucci A. Paraoxonase 1, HDL Subclasses and Post Surgery Acute Inflammation: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060192. [PMID: 31234489 PMCID: PMC6617233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) structure and function studies are needed to better understand the heterogeneous nature of the HDL particle, and its interaction with associated proteins such as apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and the environment. Our study assesses the effects of acute inflammation on PON1 and HDL subclasses in post-surgical colorectal cancer patients. PON1 was measured kinetically through its arylesterase and lactonase activity and HDL sub-classes were measured using Quantimetrix Lipoprint® System. White blood cells (WBC) counts, c-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels were also analyzed using standard techniques. Our findings show that baseline PON1 activity is lower in colorectal cancer patients and significant reductions are observed in the acute inflammatory state post-surgery. PON1 changes are also inversely related to inflammatory markers such as SAA and CRP. In addition, our preliminary findings show that small and intermediate HDL decreases post-op Day 1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the effects of chronic and acute inflammation on PON1. Specifically, PON1 arylesterase and lactonase activity is lower in states of chronic inflammation and further decreased in the acute inflammatory state. Additionally, in our limited sample size, while changes in PON1 and HDL subclasses may be variable in the acute inflammatory period, small HDL decreased with a loss of PON1 activity in the subacute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bains
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Lab, Research Department, Touro California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
| | - Russell Caccavello
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Lab, Research Department, Touro California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Lab, Research Department, Touro California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-City, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Lab, Research Department, Touro California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
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Gungoren F, Senturk T, Ozturk A, Koz K, Sarandol E, Yesilbursa D, Gullulu S, Ozkaya G, Aydinlar A. Serum paraoxonase activity in patients with ischaemic and nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Acta Cardiol 2018; 73:85-90. [PMID: 28899213 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1351237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether the serum PON1 activity is different in patients with ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) and nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NDCM) and the relation between the serum PON1 activity and serum pro-BNP levels. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we enrolled 60 patients with left ventricular systolic failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III-IV) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) < 40% as determined by echocardiography and 30 healthy subjects. The patients with systolic heart failure were divided into two groups: patients with IDCM and patients with NDCM. Blood samples were obtained to measure the serum PON1 activity and the serum pro-BNP levels. The median serum PON1 activities were lower among the patients with IDCM or with NDCM compared with the control subjects (p < .001, p = .043, respectively). Compared with the control subjects, the patients with IDCM or with NDCM had higher serum pro-BNP levels (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). The serum PON1 activity was negatively correlated with the serum pro-BNP levels in patients with IDCM (r = -0.548, p < .001). The area under the ROC curve of the serum PON1 activity was 0.798. Using a serum PON1 activity of 201.3 U/L as a cut-off value, the sensitivity was 86.84% and specificity was 66.67% for the diagnosis of IDCM. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the serum PON1 activity was significantly reduced in the patients with IDCM or with NDCM compared with the control subjects. The serum PON1 activity of the patients with IDCM was negatively correlated with the serum pro-BNP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Gungoren
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tunay Senturk
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Alper Ozturk
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kerem Koz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emre Sarandol
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yesilbursa
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Gullulu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Guven Ozkaya
- Department of Bioistatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydinlar
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Duni A, Liakopoulos V, Rapsomanikis KP, Dounousi E. Chronic Kidney Disease and Disproportionally Increased Cardiovascular Damage: Does Oxidative Stress Explain the Burden? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9036450. [PMID: 29333213 PMCID: PMC5733207 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9036450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are among the groups at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease and significantly shortened remaining lifespan. CKD enhances oxidative stress in the organism with ensuing cardiovascular damage. Oxidative stress in uremia is the consequence of higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas attenuated clearance of pro-oxidant substances and impaired antioxidant defenses play a complementary role. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the increased ROS production in CKD is at least partly mediated by upregulation of the intrarenal angiotensin system. Enhanced oxidative stress in the setting of the uremic milieu promotes enzymatic modification of circulating lipids and lipoproteins, protein carbamylation, endothelial dysfunction via disruption of nitric oxide (NO) pathways, and activation of inflammation, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure are hallmarks of CKD. NADPH oxidase activation, xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and NO-ROS are the main oxidative pathways leading to LVH and the cardiorenal syndrome. Finally, a subset of antioxidant enzymes, the paraoxonases (PON), deserves special attention due to abundant clinical evidence accumulated regarding reduced serum PON1 activity in CKD as a contributor to the increased burden of cardiovascular disease. Future, meticulously designed studies are needed to assess the effects of antioxidant therapy on patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Duni
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Martini D, Del Bo’ C, Porrini M, Ciappellano S, Riso P. Role of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods in the modulation of PON1 activity and expression. J Nutr Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bayrak A, Bayrak T, Bodur E, Kılınç K, Demirpençe E. The effect of HDL-bound and free PON1 on copper-induced LDL oxidation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 257:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ahmed NS, Shafik NM, Elraheem OA, Abou-Elnoeman SEA. Association of paraoxonase-1(Q192R and L55M) gene polymorphisms and activity with colorectal cancer and effect of surgical intervention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:803-9. [PMID: 25684529 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body which could therefore exert an influeence. PURPOSE Aim of this study was to determine the role of serum arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between (PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities in CRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragment analysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55M polymorphism. RESULTS Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patients and controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was more frequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there were significant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE were low in QQ and MM genotype. CONCLUSIONS serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa S Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt E-mail :
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de Souza JA, Menin A, Lima LO, Smiderle L, Hutz MH, Van Der Sand CR, Van Der Sand LC, Ferreira MEW, Pires RC, Almeida S, Fiegenbaum M. PON1 polymorphisms are predictors of ability to attain HDL-C goals in statin-treated patients. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1039-44. [PMID: 26079344 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PON1 plays an important role in inhibiting LDL-C oxidation, which reduces atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Elevated PON1 activity or levels may contribute to increased HDL-C levels, but controversy exists over the hypothesis that genetic variation in the PON1 gene locus modulates HDL-C levels and responses to statin treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between two polymorphisms in the PON1 gene and statin responses in a south Brazilian population. DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included 433 dyslipidemic patients who were prescribed statins. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C levels were measured in these patients both before and after approximately 6months of treatment with simvastatin/atorvastatin. Genotypes were assessed by real-time PCR for two PON1 polymorphisms, Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560). RESULTS Baseline lipid levels were not associated with Q192R or L55M polymorphisms. For the Q192R (rs662) polymorphism, we observed that HDL-C goals were attained less often in patients with RR homozygosity than in Q allele carriers (χ(2) P=0.009, adjusted residual analysis P=0.003). For the L55M (rs854560) polymorphism, LL homozygotes were underrepresented among subjects that achieved the HDL-C goal (χ(2) P=0.026, adjusted residual analysis P=0.008). Analysis by univariate logistic regression confirmed that QQ/QR and MM/ML carriers had an increased chance of attaining HDL-C goals (OR=2.41, CI95%=1.32-4.40, P=0.004 and OR=1.68, CI95%=1.15-2.45, P=0.008). In a multivariate logistic analysis used to assess predictors of attaining an HDL-C goal>1.55mmol/L, we observed that gender (OR=1.71, CI95%=1.04-2.83, P=0.036), baseline HDL-C levels (OR=1.13, CI95%=1.10-1.16, P<0.001) and the QQ/QR+MM/ML genotypes increased the chance of achieving HDL-C goals (OR=2.81, CI95%=1.35-5.85, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560) polymorphisms may play a role in interindividual variation in achievement of HDL-C goals in response to statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Aguiar de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angelica Menin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Otero Lima
- Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Smiderle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mara Helena Hutz
- Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Turan M, Ucler R, Aslan M, Kalkan F, Taskın A, Garca MF, Cankaya H. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with chronic otitis media. Redox Rep 2015; 20:241-5. [PMID: 25968808 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) prevents oxidative stress by inhibiting the oxidation of cell membrane lipids by the reactive oxygen species that form during acute and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate serum PON1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with chronic otitis media (COM). METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with COM and 55 controls were enrolled in the present study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of cholesteatoma. The serum PON1 arylesterase activities and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels were determined. RESULTS Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in the COM patients than in the controls (P < 0.001 for all comparisons), whereas the LOOH levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION These results indicated that a lower level of PON1 activity was associated with an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance. In addition, decreased PON1 activity may play an important role in the pathophysiology of COM.
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Sayın Kocakap DB, Doğru MT, Şimşek V, Çabuk F, Yıldırım N, Çelik Y, Alyılmaz Bekmez S, Erdem S. The association of paraoxonase 1 gene L55M polymorphism with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in the Turkish population and its dependence on gender. Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 16:175-82. [PMID: 26467378 PMCID: PMC5336803 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common, complex, and progressive disorder characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries. It is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized nations. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial wall plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is involved in lipid metabolism and is believed to protect LDL oxidation. In our study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between PON1 gene L55M polymorphism and the extent and severity of CAD. METHODS In total, 114 patients (54 males, mean age: 56.7 ± 12.0 years; 60 females, mean age: 55.7 ± 13.2 years) with stable angina or angina equivalent symptoms were enrolled in this prospective study. Cardiological evaluation was performed with electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram. The presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking status were ascertained. The patients were grouped according to their Gensini scores and gender. Genetic analysis of the PON1 gene L55M polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS We determined that the LL genotype was more prevalent in patients with Gensini score higher than or equal to 20 (p=0.026) and that this correlated with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery lesions in both gender groups, reaching a statistical significance in the female subjects (p=0.038). CONCLUSION It was thought that the PON1 gene L55M polymorphism plays a significant role in CAD progression, especially in females.
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Exploring the role of paraoxonases in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20997-1010. [PMID: 25405733 PMCID: PMC4264208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonases (PON) are three enzymes (PON1, PON2 and PON3) that play a role in the organism’s antioxidant system; alterations in which are associated with diseases involving oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the evidence of PON related to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Database) with no date limit. All of the articles selected investigated PON enzymatic activity and/or PON gene polymorphisms. The selection focused on PON in relation to atherosclerosis, CAD and myocardial infarction. The exclusion criteria were a sample size <100 patients, non-human studies, editorials and systematic reviews without restrictions on the country of origin. With these criteria, we identified thirty-five prospective studies published between 1986 and 2014 with a total of 28,164 participants. The relationship between PON gene polymorphisms and CAD was not conclusive, but most studies support the concept that alterations in PON1 enzymatic activity levels do influence atheroma formation. Conversely, relationships between PON2 and PON3 vs. CAD have not been extensively investigated. Our review of the current data concludes that the bases of paraoxonases involvement in atherosclerosis are poorly understood and that this issue requires future comprehensive, multi-centered studies.
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Khan RU, Zia-ur-Rahman, Javed I, Muhammad F. Serum antioxidants and trace minerals as influenced by vitamins, probiotics and proteins in broiler breeders. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.822815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Demir B, Demir E, Acıksarı G, Uygun T, Utku IK, Gedikbasi A, Caglar IM, Pirhan O, Tureli HO, Oflar E, Ungan İ, Ciftci S, Karakaya O. The Association between the Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Isolated Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Multimarker Approach. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:954045. [PMID: 25530760 PMCID: PMC4233660 DOI: 10.1155/2014/954045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly increases in the patient population with metabolic syndrome (MeS). The present study aimed to investigate the association between the epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and the oxidative stress parameters in MeS patients. The study included 181 patients as a patient group of 92 consecutive patients with MeS and a control group of 89 consecutive patients with similar age and gender. EATT was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. Serum levels of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidative capacity (TAS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase activities were measured. EATT was higher in the MeS group compared to the control group (6.0 ± 2.0 mm and 4.0 ± 1.0 mm, resp.; P < 0.001). The level of TOS was higher in the MeS group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the TAS level was higher in the MeS group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the serum levels of PON-1 and arylesterase were lower in the MeS group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). EAT may cause an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases by leading to increased oxidative stress in patients with MeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Demir
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
- *Bulent Demir:
| | - Esra Demir
- Department of İnternal Medicine, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Gonul Acıksarı
- Department of Cardiology, İstinye State Hospital, Turkey
| | - Turgut Uygun
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Kırac Utku
- Department of İnternal Medicine, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Asuman Gedikbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Ilker Murat Caglar
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Pirhan
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Oktay Tureli
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersan Oflar
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ungan
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ciftci
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Karakaya
- Department of Cardiology, Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Tevfik Sağlam Caddesi No. 11, Zuhuratbaba Mahallesi, Bakırköy, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
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Rossi G, Giordano A, Pezzia F, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Paltrinieri S. Serum paraoxonase 1 activity in dogs: preanalytical and analytical factors and correlation with C-reactive protein and alpha-2-globulin. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:329-41. [PMID: 23944371 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum activity of paraoxonase (PON1) decreases during inflammation in many species. Little information is available on paraoxon-based tests and the possible role of PON1 in dogs. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to validate an automated paraoxon-based assay to measure PON1 activity in canine serum, to determine its stability under different storage conditions, to determine a reference interval (RI) in healthy dogs, and to assess whether PON1 is of comparable diagnostic value as C-reactive protein (CRP) and α2-globulins. METHODS Intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision, linearity under dilution (LUD), interference, and storage artifacts were evaluated. A PON1 RI was determined for healthy dogs, and PON1 activity, sensitivity, and specificity were compared with CRP and α2-globulins. RESULTS Intra- and inter-assay CVs were below 1.6% and 7.8%, respectively. The LUD test fitted the linear model. PON1 activity measurements were increased after addition of hemolysates and lipids, and after storage for 12 hours at room temperature, 72 hours at 4°C, and 6 months at -20°C. PON1 activity and CRP or α2-globulins did not correlate well. PON1 activity decreased significantly only in dogs with very high CRP concentrations. In contrast to CRP and α2-globulins, PON1 activity was not significantly different between dogs with and without inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The automated paraoxon-based method to assess serum canine PON1 activity was accurate and precise, but it was influenced by hemolysis, lipemia, and standard storage conditions. In this study, contrarily to CRP and α2-globulins, PON1 activity did not provide diagnostic value as a negative acute phase protein in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Evidence for association between paraoxonase-1 activity and diseases. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:174. [PMID: 23658587 PMCID: PMC3645083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
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Burchardt P, Zurawski J, Zuchowski B, Kubacki T, Murawa D, Wiktorowicz K, Wysocki H. Low-density lipoprotein, its susceptibility to oxidation and the role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and carboxyl ester lipase lipases in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:151-8. [PMID: 23515030 PMCID: PMC3598136 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.33176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a very well established risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Unoxidized LDL is an inert transport vehicle of cholesterol and other lipids in the body and is thought to be atherogenic. Recently it has been appreciated that oxidized products of LDL are responsible for plaque formation properties previously attributed to the intact particle. The goal of this article is to review the recent understanding of the LDL oxidation pathway. The role of oxidized products and key enzymes (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and carboxyl ester lipase) are also extensively discussed in the context of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Burchardt
- Division of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Razavi AE, Ani M, Pourfarzam M, Naderi GA. Associations between high density lipoprotein mean particle size and serum paraoxonase-1 activity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 17:1020-6. [PMID: 23833575 PMCID: PMC3702082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous in composition, structure, size, and may differ in conferring protection against cardiovascular disease. HDL associated enzyme, paraoxonase-1 (PON1), has an important role in attenuation of atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between HDL particle size and PON1 activity in relation to serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty healthy subjects contributed to this study. HDL was separated by sequential ultracentrifugation and its size was estimated by dynamic light scattering. Paraoxonase activity was measured spectrophotometrically using paraoxon as substrate. RESULTS Results of this study showed that PON1 activity had negative correlations with HDL mean particle size (r = -0.22, P < 01), HDL2/HDL3 ratio, and serum HDL-C levels (r = -0.25, P < 0.01). HDL mean particle size and HDL2/HDL3 ratio had negative correlation with body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), and serum triglyceride (TG) levels, and positive correlation with serum HDL-C levels. Serum HDL-C levels had significant positive correlations with age, total cholesterol (TC), and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and significant negative correlation with BMI, WHR, and TG. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, determination of HDL mean particle size beside the serum PON1 activity may help to better understand the CAD risks, pathogenesis, and prognosis, and may also help to design therapeutic protocols toward beneficial modifications of HDL characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohsen Ani, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Naderi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Imbalance in superoxide dismutase/thioredoxin reductase activities in hypercholesterolemic subjects: relationship with low density lipoprotein oxidation. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:79. [PMID: 22721254 PMCID: PMC3490833 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a relationship among hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in the atherogenesis. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess paraoxonase (PON1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR-1) activities and their relationship with lipids, oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with different low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) levels. METHODS Serum lipids, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid and protein oxidation, oxidized LDL (LDLox) and LDLox autoantibodies (LDLoxAB) levels and enzymes activities were measured in a total of 116 subjects that were divided into the following groups according to their LDL levels: low-LDL group (LDL < 100 mg/dL, n = 23), intermediate-LDL group (LDL 100-160 mg/dL, n = 50) and high-LDL group (LDL > 160 mg/dL, n = 43). RESULTS The LDLox and hs-CRP levels increased in the high-LDL group (2.7- and 3.7- fold, respectively), whereas the intermediate and high-LDL groups had higher LDLoxAB (2.2- and 3.1-fold) when compared to low-LDL group (p < 0.05). Similarly, SOD activity, the atherogenic index (AI) and protein oxidation were also higher in the intermediate (1.3-, 1.3- and 1.2-fold) and high-LDL (1.6-, 2.3- and 1.6-fold) groups when compared to the low-LDL group (p < 0.05). Lipid oxidation and SOD/TrxR-1 ratio increased only in the high-LDL group (1.3- and 1.6-fold) when compared to the low-LDL group (p < 0.05). The SOD/TrxR-1 ratio was positively correlated to TBARS (r = 0.23, p < 0.05), LDLox (r = 0.18, p < 0.05), LDLoxAB (r = 0.21, p < 0.05), LDL (r = 0.19, p < 0.05) and AI (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). PON1 and TrxR-1 activities were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS Some oxidative events initiate when LDL levels are clinically acceptable. Moreover, hypercholesterolemic patients have an imbalance in SOD and TrxR-1 activities that is positively associated to LDL oxidation.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the relationships between perimenopausal symptoms, biochemical parameters, and markers of oxidative stress in women in perimenopause and compared them with those of premenopausal women. METHODS Sixty-two women (age, 53.2 ± 5.7 y) with perimenopausal symptoms were recruited to participate in our study. The control group consisted of 18 women without perimenopausal symptoms (age, 40 ± 5 y).Clinical perimenopausal symptoms were evaluated via the questionnaire of the Menopausal Rating Scale. Our participants were checked for basic biochemical parameters. The oxidative status of our samples was determined through the examination of lipoperoxides, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) levels, and the total antioxidant status (TAS). RESULTS Perimenopausal women had higher total cholesterol values and lower paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity compared to reference values. Other biochemical parameters as well as 8-oxoG levels were unchanged compared with those of healthy control women. Lipoperoxide levels were significantly increased compared with those of premenopausal women. We found an indirect correlation between PON1 arylesterase (PON1 A) activity and lipoperoxide levels, between PON1 A activity and atherogenic index, between age and TAS, and between age and 8-oxoG levels. DNA repair ability and the total antioxidant status of women in perimenopause were significantly increased compared with women in premenopause. Hypercholesterolemic women had significantly increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared with normocholesterolemic individuals, but these values were still within the reference range. Normocholesterolemic women had significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, below the reference range. We found no correlations between perimenopausal symptoms and biochemical parameters or oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSIONS We found that women in perimenopause are under increased oxidative stress manifested by reduced PON1 A activity and elevated lipoperoxidation, DNA repair ability, and TAS. Nutritional antioxidant supplementation may be an effective approach in improving menopausal symptoms.
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Shidfar F, Heydari I, Hajimiresmaiel SJ, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, Amiri F. The effects of cranberry juice on serum glucose, apoB, apoA-I, Lp(a), and Paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetic male patients. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 17:355-60. [PMID: 23267397 PMCID: PMC3526129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetic patients are faced with a higher risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disorders. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of consumption of 1 cup cranberry juice by type 2 diabetic patients on serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, apoA-1, apoB, glucose, and Lp(a). METHODS In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 58 type 2 diabetic male patients were randomly divided to receive 1 cup cranberry juice (CJ) or placebo drink daily for 12 weeks. Fasting blood were obtained at beginning and at the end of study (12(th) week). Serum glucose and PON-1 activity were measured by enzymatic and colorimetric methods, respectively. ApoB, apoA-I, and Lp(a) were determined immunoturbidimetrically. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. RESULTS There were significant decrease in serum glucose and apoB (P>0.05 and P>0.01, respectively) and significant increase in serum apoA-1 and PON-1 activity (P>0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) at the end of study in CJ group compared with control group. In CJ group at the end of study, there were significant decrease in serum glucose and apoB (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively) and significant increase in serum apo A-1 and PON-1 activity (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively) compared with initial values. In CJ group, there was no significant change in Lp(a) at the end of study compared with initial values and also compared with control group. CONCLUSION 1 cup CJ for 12 weeks is effective in reducing serum glucose and apoB and increasing apoA-1 and PON-1 activity, so may have favorite effects on reducing CVD risk factors in type 2 diabetic male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Shidfar
- Department of nutrition, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran,Address for correspondence: Farzad Shidfar, Associate Professor, School of Health, No. 52, Alvand Avenue, Argantine Square, Tehran, Zip code: 1516846515, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Iraj Heydari
- Endocrine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sharieh Hosseini
- Department of chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Shidfar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester Memorial Hospital, Worcester, USA
| | - Fariba Amiri
- Department of nutrition, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Tvarijonaviciute A, Tecles F, Caldin M, Tasca S, Cerón J. Validation of spectrophotometric assays for serum paraoxonase type-1 measurement in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:34-41. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ayotte P, Carrier A, Ouellet N, Boiteau V, Abdous B, Sidi EAL, Château-Degat ML, Dewailly É. Relation between methylmercury exposure and plasma paraoxonase activity in inuit adults from Nunavik. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1077-83. [PMID: 21543280 PMCID: PMC3237359 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has been linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme located in the high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of blood lipids, may protect against CHD by metabolizing toxic oxidized lipids associated with low-density liproprotein and HDL. MeHg has been shown to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro, but this effect has not been studied in human populations. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine whether blood mercury levels are linked to decreased plasma PON1 activities in Inuit people who are highly exposed to MeHg through their seafood-based diet. METHODS We measured plasma PON1 activity using a fluorogenic substrate and blood concentrations of mercury and selenium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 896 Inuit adults. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, dietary, and lifestyle variables as well as PON1 gene variants (rs705379, rs662, rs854560) were considered as possible confounders or modifiers of the mercury-PON1 relation in multivariate analyses. RESULTS In a multiple regression model adjusted for age, HDL cholesterol levels, omega-3 fatty acid content of erythrocyte membranes, and PON1 variants, blood mercury concentrations were inversely associated with PON1 activities [β-coefficient = -0.063; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.091 to -0.035; p < 0.001], whereas blood selenium concentrations were positively associated with PON1 activities (β-coefficient = 0.067; 95% CI, 0.045-0.088; p < 0.001). We found no interaction between blood mercury levels and PON1 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MeHg exposure exerts an inhibitory effect on PON1 activity, which seems to be offset by selenium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ayotte
- Axe de Recherche en Santé des Populations et Environnementale, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Barathi S, Charanya M, Muthukumaran S, Angayarkanni N, Umashankar V. Comparative modeling of PON2 and analysis of its substrate binding interactions using computational methods. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2011; 3:64-72. [PMID: 22319641 DOI: 10.1007/s12177-011-9057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase (PON) constitutes a family of calcium-dependent mammalian enzymes comprising of PON1, PON2, and PON3. PON family shares ~60% sequence homology. These enzymes exhibit multiple activities like paraoxonase, arylesterase, and lactonase in a substrate dependent manner. Decreased PON activity has been reported in diseases like cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Even though, PON2 is the oldest member of the family, PON1 is the only member studied in silico. In this study, the structure of PON2 was modeled using MODELLER 9v7 and its interactions with relevant ligands and it's physiological substrate homocysteine thiolactone was performed using AutoDock 4.0. The results reveal that PON1 and PON2 share common ligand binding patterns for arylesterase and lactonase activity, whereas in case of paraoxon binding, the residues involved in the interactions were different. Interestingly, the substrate HCTL was found to have the lowest free energy of binding (ΔG) and highest affinity for PON2 than PON1.
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Döger MM, Sokmen BB, Yanardag R. Combined effects of niacin and chromium treatment on heart of hyperlipidemic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1561-6. [PMID: 21177731 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110392404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the combination of niacin and chromium(III)-chloride on heart glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, serum paraoxonase (PON), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities and protein carbonyl contents (PCC) of hyperlipidemic rats. In this study, female Swiss albino rats were used. They were divided into four groups. The animals of the first group (group I) were fed with pellet chow. The rats (group II) were fed with a lipogenic diet consisting of 2% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 20% sunflower oil added to the pellet chow, and given 3% alcoholic water for 60 days. The rats (group III) were fed with the same lipogenic diet and treated by gavage technique with CrCl(3) 6H(2)O to a dose of 250 µg/kg and 100 mg/kg niacin for 45 days, 15 days after experimental animals were done hyperlipidemic. Group IV was fed with pellet chow and treated with 250 µg/kg CrCl(3) 6H(2)O and 100 mg/kg niacin for 45 days. On the 60th day, the heart tissue and blood samples were taken from animals. As a result, heart LPO, serum GGT activity and serum PCC were increased; serum PON activity and heart GSH levels were decreased in hyperlipidemic rats. Treatment with combined niacin and chromium reversed these effects. In conclusion, the combined treatment with niacin and chromium might induce a protective effect on heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mutluhan Döger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Naderi M, Hashemi M, Komijani-Bozchaloei F, Moazeni-Roodi A, Momenimoghaddam M. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 18:117-20. [PMID: 21130618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in tuberculosis, nontuberculosis pulmonary disease and healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study we determined the serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in 36 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 38 nontuberculosis pulmonary disease and 49 healthy controls. RESULTS The results showed that serum paraoxonase (PON) activity was significantly lower in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (61.10±51.62IU/L) than healthy controls (98.79±68.79IU/L) (p<0.05). In addition we found that the level of PON activity was significantly lower in patients with nontuberculosis pulmonary disease (67.49±47.88IU/L) than normal individuals (p<0.05). There was no significant differences regarding PON activity between patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and nontuberculosis pulmonary disease (p>0.05). The arylesterase activity was significantly lower in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis than nontuberculosis pulmonary disease and normal subjects (p<0.05). DISCUSSION The lower paraoxonase and aryesterase activities in pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared to healthy subjects might be due to imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant systems in pulmonary tuberculosis patients which needs more clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamamd Naderi
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Abstract
Ghrelin, Nitrite and Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Concentrations in Cement Plant WorkersOccupational cement dust exposure has been associated with an increased risk of liver abnormalities, pulmonary disorders, and carcinogenesis. Decreased antioxidant capacity and increased plasma lipid peroxidation have been posed as possible causal mechanisms of disease. Accordingly, this study examined the serum paraoxonase (PON1) arylesterase (AE), ghrelin, HDL-C, LDL-C and serum nitrite (NOx) levels in cement dust exposed workers. Twenty-eight volunteer male cement plant workers and 30 volunteer control male workers, aged 29-54 years, participated. The concentrations of serum PON1, AE, NOx, ghrelin, and HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured in both groups. PON-1, AE, ghrelin and HDL-cholesterol were lower in the cement plant workers than in controls. Serum nitrite (NOx), and LDL-C levels in cement plant workers were higher (p<0.05) than in the control group workers. No correlation was observed between the serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and PON1 and between HDL-cholesterol and ghrelin. A weak negative correlation was detected between the serum ghrelin and NOx. The study results strongly suggest that HDL-paraoxonase, AE, ghrelin, HDL-C, and high NOx, and LDL-C levels may have a role in disease involving oxidative damage. However, some studies are necessary to address the association between occupational dust exposure and respiratory symptoms.
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