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Batiha GES, Al-Snafi AE, Thuwaini MM, Teibo JO, Shaheen HM, Akomolafe AP, Teibo TKA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Garbeeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4. [PMID: 36877269 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Morus alba is a fast-growing shrub or medium-sized tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Medicinally, whole plants, leaves, fruits, branches, and roots have been employed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical components and pharmacologic and mechanism of action of the Morus alba. This was reviewed to assess important updates about Morus alba. The fruits of Morus alba have traditionally been used as an analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive, hypoglycemia, purgative, restorative, sedative tonic, and blood stimulant. Various plant parts were used as a cooling, sedating, diuretic, tonic, and astringent agent to treat nerve disorders. The plant contained tannins, steroids, phytosterols, sitosterol, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as saponins, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, benzofuran derivatives, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, glycosides, vitamins, and minerals. Previous pharmacological research identified antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, dermatological, neurological, muscular, and protecting effects. This study looked at Morus alba's traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, El Beheira, Egypt.
| | - Ali Esmail Al-Snafi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Mahdi M Thuwaini
- College of Medical and Healthy Techniques, Southern Technique University, Basra, Iraq
| | - John Oluwafemi Teibo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão, Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, El Beheira, Egypt
| | | | - Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoRibeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacologyand, Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine , Almustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Garbeeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacologyand, Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine , Almustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia.,AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Quercetin: Its Antioxidant Mechanism, Antibacterial Properties and Potential Application in Prevention and Control of Toxipathy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196545. [PMID: 36235082 PMCID: PMC9571766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, as a flavonol compound found in plants, has a variety of biological activities. It is widely present in nature and the human diet, with powerful oxidative properties and biological activities. In this review, the antioxidant mechanism and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties of quercetin are revealed; the intervention effects of quercetin on pesticide poisoning and the pathway of action are investigated; the toxic effects of main mycotoxins on the collection and the detoxification process of quercetin are summarized; whether it is able to reduce the toxicity of mycotoxins is proved; and the harmful effects of heavy metal poisoning on the collection, the prevention, and control of quercetin are evaluated. This review is expected to enrich the understanding of the properties of quercetin and promote its better application in clinical practice.
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Enayati A, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Protective role of nutraceuticals against myocarditis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112242. [PMID: 34953630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that mostly affects young adults. The disease is commonly caused by viral infection, medications, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Nearly 50% of the cases of myocarditis are due to post-viral immune response in a setting of an identifiable or non-identifiable infection. The clinical manifestation is nonspecific ranging from asymptomatic courses to sudden death in infants and young patients. This review describes the properties of phytochemicals as plant-derived active ingredients which can be used in the prevention and treatment of myocarditis and its associated risk factors. Meanwhile, it has illustrated epidemiological analyses, mechanism of action, and the metabolism of phytochemicals in animal and human clinical trials. We also mentioned the precise mechanism of action by which phytochemicals elicit their anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects and how they regulate signal transduction pathways. Nevertheless, comprehensive clinical trials are required to study the properties of phytochemicals in vivo, in vitro, and in silico for a proper management of myocarditis. Our findings indicate that phytochemicals function as potent adjunctive therapeutic drugs in myocarditis and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Liu B, Liu F, Xu Y. Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.): A review of its potential influences in mechanisms of action on metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106029. [PMID: 34896248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Morus alba L. (called Sangye in Chinese, ML), which belong to the genus Morus., are highly valuable edible plants in nutrients and nutraceuticals. In Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea, ML are widely used as functional foods including beverages, noodles and herbal tea because of its biological and nutritional value. Meanwhile, ML-derived products in the form of powders, extracts and capsules are widely consumed as dietary supplements for controlling blood glucose and sugar. Clinical studies showed that ML play an important role in the treatment of metabolic diseases including the diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and hypertension. People broadly use ML due to their nutritiousness, deliciousness, safety, and abundant active benefits. However, the systematic pharmacological mechanisms of ML on metabolic diseases have not been fully revealed. Therefore, in order to fully utilize and scale relevant products about ML, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about the ML and its constituents effecting on metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
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Kim H, Mun D, Kang JY, Lee SH, Yun N, Joung B. Improved cardiac-specific delivery of RAGE siRNA within small extracellular vesicles engineered to express intense cardiac targeting peptide attenuates myocarditis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:1024-1032. [PMID: 34141457 PMCID: PMC8167198 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanometer-sized membranous vesicles secreted by cells, with important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Recent research has established the application of sEVs as therapeutic vehicles in various conditions, including heart disease. However, the high risk of off-target effects is a major barrier for their introduction into the clinic. This study evaluated the use of modified sEVs expressing high levels of cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP) for therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery in myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of heart. sEVs were extracted from the cell culture medium of HEK293 cells stably expressing CTP-LAMP2b (referred to as C-sEVs). The cardiac targeting ability of C-sEVs with the highest CTP-LAMP2b expression was >2-fold greater than that of normal sEVs (N-sEVs). An siRNA targeting the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) (siRAGE) was selected as a therapeutic siRNA and loaded into C-sEVs. The efficiency of cardiac-specific siRNA delivery via C-sEVs was >2-fold higher than that via N-sEVs. Furthermore, siRAGE-loaded C-sEVs attenuated inflammation in both cell culture and an in vivo model of myocarditis. Taken together, C-sEVs may be a useful drug delivery vehicle for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Suthamwong P, Minami M, Okada T, Shiwaku N, Uesugi M, Yokode M, Kamei K. Administration of mulberry leaves maintains pancreatic β-cell mass in obese/type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:136. [PMID: 32375753 PMCID: PMC7201661 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. A decrease in β-cell mass, which occurs during the progression of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, contributes to impaired insulin secretion. Mulberry leaves contain various nutritional components that exert anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic effects. The present study analyzed the effects of mulberry leaf intake on pancreatic β-cells to clarify the mechanisms underlying its anti-diabetic function. METHODS Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) were dried at 180 °C for 8 s in a hot-air mill and fed to obesity/Type 2 diabetes mellitus db/db mouse models at 5% (w/w) as part of a normal diet from 7 to 10, 15, or 20 weeks of age. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was then performed on the mice. To evaluate the β-cell mass, the pancreas was subjected to immunohistological analysis with an anti-insulin antibody. A TUNEL assay and immunohistological analysis with a proliferation marker was also performed. Expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsible genes and proliferation markers were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Intake of mulberry leaves maintained the β-cell function of db/db mice. Moreover, oral administration of mulberry leaves significantly decreased cell death by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pancreas. Mulberry leaves significantly increased proliferation of β-cells and the expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox1 mRNA in the pancreas. CONCLUSION Considered together, these results indicate that dietary mulberry leaf administration can maintain insulin levels and pancreatic β-cell mass, at least in part, by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in Type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patlada Suthamwong
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okada
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Nonomi Shiwaku
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Mai Uesugi
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kaeko Kamei
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice: Efficacy of a novel extract from mulberry ( Morus alba) leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:288-294. [PMID: 30671117 PMCID: PMC6333616 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A few clues about correlation between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mulberry (Morus alba) leaves were investigated in only the experimental autoimmune myocarditis and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. To investigate whether a novel extract of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris (EMfC) could suppress ER in fatty liver, alterations in the key parameters for ER stress response were measured in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57L/6 mice treated with EMfC for 12 weeks. The area of adipocytes in the liver section were significantly decreased in the HFD+EMfC treated group as compared to the HFD+Vehicle treated group, while their level was higher in HFD+Vehicle treated group than No treated group. The level of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 beta (IRE1α) phosphorylation and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression were remarkably enhanced in the HFD+Vehicle treated group. However, their levels were restored in the HFD+EMfC treated group, although some differences were detected in the decrease rate. Similar recovery was observed on the ER stress-induced apoptosis. The level of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were decreased in the HFD+EMfC and HFD+orlistat (OT) treated group compared to the HFD+Vehicle treated group. The results of the present study therefore provide first evidence that EMfC with the anti-obesity effects can be suppressed ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis in the hepatic steatosis of HFD-induced obesity model.
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Thaipitakwong T, Numhom S, Aramwit P. Mulberry leaves and their potential effects against cardiometabolic risks: a review of chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:109-118. [PMID: 29347857 PMCID: PMC6130672 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1424210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic risks are regarded as the crucial factors associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Regarding an increased attention to medicinal plants in the current healthcare system, the effects of mulberry (Morus spp., Moraceae) leaves on cardiometabolic risks have been consecutively considered in scientific research. OBJECTIVE The present review compiles and summarizes the chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy of mulberry leaves that are related to the amelioration of cardiometabolic risks. METHODS Published English literature from the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases was searched by using 'mulberry leaves' 'Morus spp.', 'hyperglycemia', 'hyperlipidemia', 'obesity', 'hypertension', 'oxidative stress', 'atherosclerosis' and 'cardiovascular diseases' as the keywords. The relevant articles published over the past two decades were identified and reviewed. RESULTS Mulberry leaves contain numerous chemical constituents. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), phenolics and flavonoids are the prominent functional compounds. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that mulberry leaves possessed various beneficial effects against cardiometabolic risks, including antihyperglycaemic, antihyperlipidaemic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Mulberry leaves could be a promising therapeutic option for modulating cardiometabolic risks. However, further investigations should be performed to substantiate the potential of mulberry leaves in practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanchanit Thaipitakwong
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surawej Numhom
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Natural products with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities against autoimmune myocarditis. Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:34-42. [PMID: 28757189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium associated with immune dysfunction which may frequently lead to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis is an animal model which mimics myocarditis in order to allow assessment of the therapeutic effects of different molecules on this disease. We aimed to review the inflammatory and immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the myocarditis and finding natural products and phytochemicals with anti-myocarditis activities based on studies of cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rodents. A number of natural molecules (e.g. apigenin, berberine and quercetin) along with some plant extracts were found to be effective in alleviating experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Upregulation of Th1-type cytokines and elevation of the Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), mitigation of oxidative stress, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and increasing Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase levels are among the most important anti-myocarditis mechanisms for the retrieved molecules and extracts. Interestingly, there are structural similarities between the anti-EAM compounds, suggesting the presence of similar pharmacophore and enzymatic targets for these molecules. Naturally occurring molecules discussed in the present article are potential anti-myocarditis drugs and future additional animal studies and clinical trials would shed more light on their effectiveness in the treatment of myocarditis and prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Zhang C, Zhou G, Cai C, Li J, Chen F, Xie L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Lai X, Ma L. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate acute myocarditis by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and extracellular signal regulated 1/2-mediated apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3515-3520. [PMID: 28440472 PMCID: PMC5436290 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocarditis is a non-ischemic inflammatory disease of the myocardium, and there is currently no standard treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can alleviate myosin‑induced myocarditis; however, the mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, the authors investigated the ability of human umbilical cordMSCs (HuMSCs) to attenuate myocardial injury and dysfunction during the acute phase of experimental myocarditis. Male Lewis rats (aged 8 weeks) were injected with porcine myosin to induce myocarditis. Cultured HuMSCs (1x106 cells/rat) were intravenously injected 10 days following myosin injection. A total of 3 weeks following injection, this resulted in severe inflammation and significant deterioration of cardiac function. HuMSC transplantation attenuated infiltration of inflammatory cells and adverse cardiac remodeling, as well as reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, it was identified that HuMSC transplantation suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). The reduced number of TUNEL‑positive apoptotic cells in myocardial sections from HuMSC‑treated EAM rats compared with control demonstrates HuMSCs' anti‑apoptotic function. Based on these data, the author suggested that treatment with HuMSCs inhibits myocardial apoptosis in EAM rats, ultimately protecting them from myocardial damage. The conclusion demonstrated that HuMSC transplantation attenuates myocardial injury and dysfunction in a rat model of acute myocarditis, potentially via regulation of ER stress, ERK1/2 signaling and induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Guichi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Chanxin Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Jindi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Fen Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Pingshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Lichun Xie
- Department of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Pingshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Dr Xiulan Lai, Department of Paediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxia Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Pingshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Lian Ma, Department of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital of Shenzhen University, 6 Longxing Road, Pingshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Modified SJH alleviates FFAs-induced hepatic steatosis through leptin signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45425. [PMID: 28358008 PMCID: PMC5371820 DOI: 10.1038/srep45425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Samjunghwan (SJH) is an herbal formula used in traditional Korean medicine. This prescription has long been used in treatment of aging and lifestyle diseases. The current study showed the effect and mechanisms of anti-hepatic steatosis action of modified SJH (mSJH) in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with mSJH resulted in significantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation in steatosis-induced cells. Furthermore, mSJH triggered the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase as well as increased the expression of leptin at both protein and gene levels. In addition, C57BL6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) showed significant improvements in body, liver weights and fat weights; and serum, hepatic and fecal lipid parameters in response to the treatment with mSJH. Furthermore, mSJH showed favorable effects on the hepatic expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism. Betaine, one of constituents of mSJH exerted fundamental beneficial impact on FFAs-induced cells. However, the beneficial effects of mSJH were diminished upon blocking of leptin signaling by dexamethasone, suggesting the leptin signaling as a key component in mSJH-mediated modulation of lipid homeostasis. Our results suggest that mSJH exerts an anti-hepatic steatosis effect via activation of leptin and associated signaling cascades related to lipid metabolism.
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Cao YG, Zheng XK, Yang FF, Li F, Qi M, Zhang YL, Zhao X, Kuang HX, Feng WS. Two new phenolic constituents from the root bark of Morus alba L. and their cardioprotective activity. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:391-398. [PMID: 28349742 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1309535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new biphenyl-furocoumarin, named morescoumarin A (1), and a new prenylated flavanone, named morflavanone A (2) were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L., together with four known compounds (3-6). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. The cardioprotective effects of these compounds against doxorubicin-induced cell death were evaluated by MTT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gang Cao
- a School of Pharmacy , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Harbin , P.R. China.,b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ke Zheng
- b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Yang
- b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Man Qi
- b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- a School of Pharmacy , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine , Harbin , P.R. China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- b School of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
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13
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Zheng XK, Cao YG, Ke YY, Zhang YL, Li F, Gong JH, Zhao X, Kuang HX, Feng WS. Phenolic constituents from the root bark of Morus alba L. and their cardioprotective activity in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 135:128-134. [PMID: 27974159 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A flavanone C-glycoside, steppogenin-5'-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, six prenylated 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives, moracin O-3″-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin O-3'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, moracin P-2″-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin P-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin P-3'-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside and moracin P-3'-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside, two phenolic acids, 2,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl) benzoic acid and 2,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl) benzoic acid, as well as three known compounds, moracinoside C, moracin O, and moracin P were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. Their structures were ascertained on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The protective effects of the compounds against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in H9c2 cells was investigated in vitro. Of all of the isolated compounds, moracin P-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, moracin O and moracin P had a strong protective influence against doxorubicin-induced cell death with EC50 values of 9.5 ± 2.6, 4.5 ± 1.3, and 8.8 ± 2.4 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yan-Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Jian-Hong Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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Afrin R, Arumugam S, Wahed MII, Pitchaimani V, Karuppagounder V, Sreedhar R, Harima M, Suzuki H, Miyashita S, Nakamura T, Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Ueno K, Watanabe K. Attenuation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Liver Damage by Mulberry Leaf Diet in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:87-101. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Although antidiabetic use of mulberry leaves (MLs) has been popular due to their many anti-oxidative flavonoid compounds and free radical scavenging effects, ML’s effects on ERS in experimental diabetic hepatocyte injury remain unknown. To investigate how ML affect ERS in diabetic liver, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to induce diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg) and fed with either normal chow or a diet containing 25% mulberry leaf powder diet (MLD) and examined for 56 days. We observed that MLD improved the rats’ morphological and histopathological changes. Levels of ERS markers such as phosphorylated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and the protein expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were significantly higher in the diabetic liver compared to normal liver. MLD for 8 weeks significantly reduced all of these markers. MLD also significantly decreased hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatic macrophage recruitment, cellular infiltration, and CCAAT/enhancer–binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), interleukin 1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text]) and sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform 1c (SREBP 1c) levels in diabetic liver. These results may suggest that MLs can preserve hepatic function in experimental diabetes by modulating ERS mediated apoptosis and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejina Afrin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Mir Imam Ibne Wahed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Vigneshwaran Pitchaimani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ueno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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Sreedhar R, Arumugam S, Thandavarayan RA, Giridharan VV, Karuppagounder V, Pitchaimani V, Afrin R, Harima M, Nakamura T, Ueno K, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Watanabe K. Toki-shakuyaku-san, a Japanese kampo medicine, reduces colon inflammation in a mouse model of acute colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:869-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Sreedhar R, Arumugam S, Karuppagounder V, Thandavarayan RA, Giridharan VV, Pitchaimani V, Afrin MR, Harima M, Nakamura T, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Watanabe K. Jumihaidokuto effectively inhibits colon inflammation and apoptosis in mice with acute colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:957-963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Benali K, Louedec L, Azzouna RB, Merceron O, Nassar P, Al Shoukr F, Petiet A, Barbato D, Michel JB, Sarda-Mantel L, Le Guludec D, Rouzet F. Preclinical Validation of99mTc–Annexin A5–128 in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis and Infective Endocarditis: Comparison with99mTc–HYNIC–Annexin A5. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Benali
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Liliane Louedec
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Rana Ben Azzouna
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Olivier Merceron
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierre Nassar
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Faisal Al Shoukr
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Anne Petiet
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Barbato
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Laure Sarda-Mantel
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Dominique Le Guludec
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Francois Rouzet
- From Inserm, U1148, and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; and Advanced Accelerator Applications - via Ribes 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
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18
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Comparative evaluation of torasemide and furosemide on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Schmerler P, Jeuthe S, O h-Ici D, Wassilew K, Lauer D, Kaschina E, Kintscher U, Müller S, Muench F, Kuehne T, Berger F, Unger T, Steckelings UM, Paulis L, Messroghli D. Mortality and morbidity in different immunization protocols for experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:889-98. [PMID: 24410878 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the histological and clinical presentations of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) induced by different immunization schemes. METHODS Male young Lewis rats were divided into five groups immunized by porcine myocardial myosin: subcutaneously (SC) 2 mg (in two 1-mg doses on day 0 and 7), 0 mg (sham group) subcutaneously into rear footpads (RF), 0.25 mg RF, 0.5 mg RF or 1 mg RF (all RF once on day 0). On day 21, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac catheterization. The type and degree of myocardial inflammatory infiltrates were determined by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the SC immunized rats and in the RF sham group, we observed 0% mortality, while in the actively RF immunized rats, mortality was 20, 20 and 44% for the 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg and 1 mg myosin doses respectively. Morbidity as defined by inflammatory infiltrates on haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was 22% in the SC immunized rats, 0% in the RF sham group and 100% in all actively RF immunized groups. We observed augmented relative ventricle weight and spleen weight, increased LV end-diastolic pressure, reduced LV developed pressure and reduced LV ejection fraction in all with myosin-immunized RF groups without any systematic dose effect. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous immunization to the neck and flanks did not induce a reproducible EAM, while RF myosin administration reliably led to EAM. Lower myosin doses seem to induce the complete histological and clinical picture of EAM while being associated with lower mortality, non-specific symptoms and animal distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Schmerler
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Jeuthe
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - D. O h-Ici
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - K. Wassilew
- Department of Pathology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - D. Lauer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - E. Kaschina
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - U. Kintscher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Müller
- Experimental Neurology; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - F. Muench
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - T. Kuehne
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - F. Berger
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
| | - T. Unger
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - U. M. Steckelings
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - L. Paulis
- Center for Cardiovascular Research; Charité-University Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Institute of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - D. Messroghli
- Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology; German Heart Institute; Berlin Germany
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