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Bendou O, Bueno-Ramos N, Marcos-Barbero EL, Morcuende R, Arellano JB. Singlet Oxygen and Superoxide Anion Radical Detection by EPR Spin Trapping in Thylakoid Preparations. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2798:11-26. [PMID: 38587733 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3826-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by energy transfer and electron transport in plant chloroplast thylakoids at non-toxic levels under normal growth conditions, but at threatening levels under adverse or fluctuating environmental conditions. Among chloroplast ROS, singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radical, respectively, produced by photosystem II (PSII) and PSI, are known to be the major ROS under several stress conditions. Both are very unlikely to diffuse out of chloroplasts, but they are instead capable of triggering ROS-mediated chloroplast operational retrograde signalling to activate defence gene expression in concert with hormones and other molecular compounds. Therefore, their detection, identification and localization in vivo or in biological preparations is a priority for a deeper understanding of their role in (concurrent) regulation of plant growth and defence responses. Here, we present two EPR spin traps, abbreviated as TEMPD-HCl and DEPMPO, to detect and identify ROS in complex systems, such as isolated thylakoids, together with some hints and cautions to perform reliable spin trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouardia Bendou
- Departamento de Estrés Abiótico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nara Bueno-Ramos
- Departamento de Estrés Abiótico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio L Marcos-Barbero
- Departamento de Estrés Abiótico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Departamento de Estrés Abiótico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan B Arellano
- Departamento de Estrés Abiótico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.
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Oliveira IM, Gomes IB, Moniz T, Simões LC, Rangel M, Simões M. Realism-based assessment of the efficacy of potassium peroxymonosulphate on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm control. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132348. [PMID: 37625295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential of pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate) (OXONE) to control biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) was evaluated and compared to chlorine disinfection. Mature biofilms of drinking water (DW)-isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were formed using a simulated DWDS with a rotating cylinder reactor (RCR). After 30 min of exposure, OXONE at 10 × minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) caused a significant 4 log reduction of biofilm culturability in comparison to the unexposed biofilms and a decrease in the number of non-damaged cells below the detection limit (4.8 log cells/cm2). The effects of free chlorine were restricted to approximately 1 log reduction in both biofilm culturability and non-damaged cells. OXONE in synthetic tap water (STW) at 25 ºC was more stable over 40 days than free chlorine in the same conditions. OXONE solution exhibited a disinfectant decrease of about 10% of the initial concentration during the first 9 days, and after this time the values remained stable. Whereas possible reaction of chlorine with inorganic and organic substances in STW contributed to free chlorine depletion of approximately 48% of the initial concentration. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy studies confirmed the presence of singlet oxygen and other free radicals during S. maltophilia disinfection with OXONE. Overall, OXONE constitutes a relevant alternative to conventional DW disinfection for effective biofilm control in DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Oliveira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Moniz
- REQUIMTE, LAQV - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 40169-007 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, LAQV - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo de Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Chaves Simões
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- REQUIMTE, LAQV - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo de Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Nagatani K, Abe Y, Homma T, Fujii J, Suzuki T. Copper chelation by d-penicillamine alleviates melanocyte death induced by rhododendrol without inhibiting tyrosinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:71-77. [PMID: 37119768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism of rhododendrol (RD), a skin-whitening ingredient, by tyrosinase has caused leukoderma in a certain population of Japanese consumers. Toxic RD metabolites and reactive oxygen species are proposed causes for the melanocyte death. However, the mechanism by which reactive oxygen species are produced during RD metabolism remains elusive. Some phenolic compounds are known to act as suicide substrates for tyrosinase, resulting in release of a copper atom and hydrogen peroxide during its inactivation. We hypothesized that RD may be a suicide substrate for tyrosinase and that the released copper atom may be responsible for the melanocyte death through hydroxyl radical production. In line with this hypothesis, human melanocytes incubated with RD showed an irreversible decrease in tyrosinase activity and underwent cell death. A copper chelator, d-penicillamine, markedly suppressed the RD-dependent cell death without significantly affecting the tyrosinase activity. Peroxide levels in RD-treated cells were not affected by d-penicillamine. Given the unique enzymatic properties of tyrosinase, we conclude that RD acted as a suicide substrate and resulted in release of a copper atom and hydrogen peroxide, which would collectively impair melanocyte viability. These observations further imply that copper chelation may alleviate chemical leukoderma caused by other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nagatani
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yuko Abe
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
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Kshatriya D, Hao L, Bello NT. Metabolic gene signature in white adipose tissue of oral doses raspberry ketone [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone] that prevent diet-induced weight gain and induce loss of righting reflex. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 171:113540. [PMID: 36460224 PMCID: PMC9793719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Raspberry ketone (RK; [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone]) is a synthetic flavoring agent and dietary supplement for weight control. This study investigated the metabolic signature of oral doses of RK that prevent weight gain or promote loss of righting reflex (LORR) in C57Bl/6J mice. Daily RK 200 mg/kg prevented high-fat diet (HFD; 45% Kcal fat) fed weight gain (∼8% reduction) over 35 days. RNA-seq of inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) performed in males revealed 12 differentially expressed genes. Apelin (Apln) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member (Kcnc3) expression were elevated with HFD and normalized with RK dosing, which was confirmed by qPCR. Acute RK 640 mg/kg produced a LORR with a <5 min onset with a >30 min duration. Acute RK 200 mg/kg increased gene expression of Apln, Kcnc3, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), but reduced acetyl-COA carboxylase (Acc1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1) in inguinal WAT. Acute RK 640 mg/kg elevated interleukin 6 (Il 6) and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) expression, but reduced Nrf2 in inguinal and epididymal WAT. Our findings suggest that RK has a dose-dependent metabolic signature in WAT associated with either weight control or LORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Kshatriya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Basak S, Sikdar S, Ali S, Mondal M, Roy D, Dakua VK, Roy MN. Synthesis and characterization of Mo xFe 1−xO nanocomposites for the ultra-fast degradation of methylene blue via a Fenton-like process: a green approach. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed degradation study of methylene blue within 22 minutes by the green synthesis of MoxFe1−xO nanocomposites using Punica granatum peel extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatarupa Basak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Suranjan Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. General Degree College, Kushmandi, Dakshin Dinajpur-733121, West Bengal, India
| | - Salim Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Modhusudan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Dakua
- Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar-736122, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, West Bengal, India
- Alipurduar University, Alipurduar-736122, West Bengal, India
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Identifying the chloroperoxyl radical in acidified sodium chlorite solution. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252079. [PMID: 34038445 PMCID: PMC8153430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study identified the active radical species in acidic sodium chlorite and investigated the feasibility of quantifying these species with the diethylphenylenediamine (DPD) method. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to identify the active species generated in solutions containing sodium chlorite (NaClO2). The ESR signal was directly observed in an acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) aqueous solution at room temperature. This ESR signal was very long-lived, indicating that the radical was thermodynamically stable. The ESR parameters of this signal did not coincide with previously reported values of the chlorine radical (Cl●) or chlorine dioxide radical (O = Cl●-O and O = Cl-O●). We refer to this signal as being from the chloroperoxyl radical (Cl-O-O●). Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the optimal structure of the chloroperoxyl radical is much more thermodynamically stable than that of the chlorine dioxide radical. The UV-visible spectrum of the chloroperoxyl radical showed maximum absorbance at 354 nm. This absorbance had a linear relationship with the chloroperoxyl radical ESR signal intensity. Quantifying the free chlorine concentration by the DPD method also revealed a linear relationship with the maximum absorbance at 354 nm, which in turn showed a linear relationship with the chloroperoxyl radical ESR signal intensity. These linear relationships suggest that the DPD method can quantify chloroperoxyl radicals, which this study considers to be the active species in ASC aqueous solution.
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Inoue S, Katayama I, Suzuki T, Tanemura A, Ito S, Abe Y, Sumikawa Y, Yoshikawa M, Suzuki K, Yagami A, Masui Y, Ito A, Matsunaga K. Rhododendrol-induced leukoderma update II: Pathophysiology, mechanisms, risk evaluation, and possible mechanism-based treatments in comparison with vitiligo. J Dermatol 2021; 48:969-978. [PMID: 33951216 PMCID: PMC8360127 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A small proportion of individuals utilizing cosmetics containing rhododendrol developed leukoderma with various pathological conditions, in some cases indistinguishable from vitiligo. In this review, we investigate and evaluate the major considerations for developing rhododendrol‐induced leukoderma based on data from original or review articles published in the literature to provide a wide range of information regarding the pathophysiology, mechanisms, risk evaluation, and possible mechanism‐based treatments. We compile and discuss the latest information, including data related to the cytotoxicity of rhododendrol, cytoprotective functions, and involvement of the immune system, and consider the possibility of novel treatments based on the differences between individual patients and on the mechanism underlying the onset of the condition. Understanding the pathophysiology of rhododendrol‐induced leukoderma helps not only elucidate the mechanisms of non‐segmental vitiligo onset and progression, but also suggests prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Inoue
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology Course of Integrated Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuko Abe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sumikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Sumikawa Dermatology and Allergy Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Momoko Yoshikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Suzuki
- Department of Allergology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Allergology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiko Masui
- Departent of Dermatology, Nagata Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiko Ito
- Departent of Dermatology, Nagata Clinic, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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6-Shogaol Protects Human Melanocytes against Oxidative Stress through Activation of the Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Element Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103537. [PMID: 32429495 PMCID: PMC7279012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is a major target of oxidative stress. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is the cause of melanocyte disappearance in vitiligo, which is an acquired pigmentary skin disorder characterized by patches of skin that have lost pigmentation. New herbal extracts with antioxidant activity are therefore being studied. 6-Shogaol (6-SG), an active compound from ginger, is capable of attenuating oxidative stress-induced ageing and neurotoxicity. Subsequently, to investigate whether 6-SG could protect melanocytes from oxidative stress, cultured human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEMn-MPs) were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence or absence of 6-SG. The 6-SG exhibited protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death by reducing oxidative stress. In addition, the 6-SG treatment activated the Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway by upregulating the mRNA expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and protein expression of Nrf2, NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), and HO-1. Furthermore, the 6-SG also displayed protective effects on melanocytes against Rhododendrol-induced oxidative stress. We concluded that 6-SG protects melanocytes against oxidative stress in vitro, and its protective effect is associated with the activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway. 6-SG, therefore, has potential for use in the prevention of melanocyte loss in the early stages of vitiligo or other pigmentary disorders.
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Yu QY, Zhai GY, Cui TL, Su H, Xue ZH, Zhang JJ, Pauzauskie PJ, Hirano SI, Li XH, Chen JS. Photogenerated singlet oxygen over zeolite-confined carbon dots for shape selective catalysis. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Gabe Y, Miyaji A, Kohno M, Hachiya A, Moriwaki S, Baba T. Substantial evidence for the rhododendrol-induced generation of hydroxyl radicals that causes melanocyte cytotoxicity and induces chemical leukoderma. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:311-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ito S, Agata M, Okochi K, Wakamatsu K. The potent pro-oxidant activity of rhododendrol-eumelanin is enhanced by ultraviolet A radiation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:523-528. [PMID: 29474003 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RS-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol (rhododendrol, RD), a skin-whitening agent, is known to induce leukoderma in some consumers. To explore the mechanism underlying this effect, we previously showed that the oxidation of RD with mushroom or human tyrosinase produces cytotoxic quinone oxidation products and RD-eumelanin exerts a potent pro-oxidant activity. Cellular antioxidants were oxidized by RD-eumelanin with a concomitant production of H2 O2 . In this study, we examined whether this pro-oxidant activity of RD-eumelanin is enhanced by ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation because most RD-induced leukoderma lesions are found in sun-exposed areas. Exposure to a physiological level of UVA (3.5 mW/cm2 ) induced a two to fourfold increase in the rates of oxidation of GSH, cysteine, ascorbic acid, and NADH. This oxidation was oxygen-dependent and was accompanied by the production of H2 O2 . These results suggest that RD-eumelanin is cytotoxic to melanocytes through its potent pro-oxidant activity that is enhanced by UVA radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Misa Agata
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kotono Okochi
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
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12
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Tai C, Zhang S, Yin Y, Dai Z, Li Y, Jiang G, Cai Y, Huang C, Shi J. Facile Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical on a Nitrocellulose Membrane Surface and its Application in the Degradation of Organic Pollutants. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:843-847. [PMID: 29417754 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, clean, and efficient method has been developed for generating hydroxyl radicals on a nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) under light of wavelengths greater than 280 nm. Hydroxyl radicals formed on the NCM surface, diffusing into the bulk solution under irradiation. Radical generation was shown to be dependent on the nature of the NCM and light, and independent of the properties of the bulk solution. The quantum yield for hydroxyl radicals from the NCM was 1.72×10-4 , which is approximately 2.46 times that from TiO2 . This hydroxyl radical generation method was preliminarily applied in the photodegradation of organic pollutants, in which electrostatic interactions between the pollutant molecules and the NCM surface were found to play a key role. Further applications of this hydroxyl radical generation method should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tai
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Dai
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, USA
| | - Chunhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
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Ito S, Wakamatsu K. Biochemical Mechanism of Rhododendrol-Induced Leukoderma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E552. [PMID: 29439519 PMCID: PMC5855774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RS-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol (rhododendrol (RD))-a skin-whitening ingredient-was reported to induce leukoderma in some consumers. We have examined the biochemical basis of the RD-induced leukoderma by elucidating the metabolic fate of RD in the course of tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation. We found that the oxidation of racemic RD by mushroom tyrosinase rapidly produces RD-quinone, which gives rise to secondary quinone products. Subsequently, we confirmed that human tyrosinase is able to oxidize both enantiomers of RD. We then showed that B16 cells exposed to RD produce high levels of RD-pheomelanin and protein-SH adducts of RD-quinone. Our recent studies showed that RD-eumelanin-an oxidation product of RD-exhibits a potent pro-oxidant activity that is enhanced by ultraviolet-A radiation. In this review, we summarize our biochemical findings on the tyrosinase-dependent metabolism of RD and related studies by other research groups. The results suggest two major mechanisms of cytotoxicity to melanocytes. One is the cytotoxicity of RD-quinone through binding with sulfhydryl proteins that leads to the inactivation of sulfhydryl enzymes and protein denaturation that leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress. The other mechanism is the pro-oxidant activity of RD-derived melanins that leads to oxidative stress resulting from the depletion of antioxidants and the generation of reactive oxygen radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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