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Mukherjee A, Ferrao T, Spadigam AE, Dhupar A. Oral Epithelial Dysplasia in Tobacco Non-habitués: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e47362. [PMID: 38022123 PMCID: PMC10657477 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) encompass a diverse group of clinical lesions, which, on histopathological evaluation, may reveal features of hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), or even early invasive squamous cell carcinoma. OEDs are often perceived to be associated with a deleterious habit such as tobacco chewing. It has emerged that OEDs may occur even in the absence of a tobacco habit and could be attributed to factors such as trauma, chronic inflammation, and inherent genetic aberrations. Authors have reported a preponderance of such lesions in young females, particularly at sites distinct from those noted in habitués. Additionally, the probability of malignant transformation of OED has been reported to be higher in non-habitués as compared to habitués when lesions are left unaddressed. There remains a paucity of data regarding the exact molecular basis, behavior, and response to treatment of OED among tobacco non-habitués. In view of the increasing number of oral lesions demonstrating epithelial dysplasia in the absence of exposure to significant risk factors, we highlight the scenario with a case. A 39-year-old female, non-habitué, presented with a non-scrapable, white lesion on the maxillary buccal gingiva. Incisional biopsy revealed features of moderate epithelial dysplasia that, on further evaluation of the excisional specimen, confirmed features of severe epithelial dysplasia. Genotyping for human papillomavirus (HPV) was carried out to assess the presence of high-risk HPV strains (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68), which are usually associated with OED and/or oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in non-habitués. A comprehensive review of various tissue and molecular factors, which play a key role in the pathophysiology of non-habit-associated OED has been illustrated in this report. While the etiological focus of OPMDs is often directed toward deleterious habits and exposure to carcinogens, it is essential to be vigilant for this entity even among non-habitués. A meticulous screening of the oral cavity, for all patients, shall facilitate the prevention and early diagnosis of OED, particularly in individuals not exposed to habit-forming risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Mukherjee
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Twyla Ferrao
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Anita E Spadigam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Anita Dhupar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
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Saleh DM, Luo S, Ahmed OHM, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Gunasekaran S, El-Gazzar AM, Abdelgied M, Numano T, Takase H, Ohnishi M, Tomono S, Hady RHAE, Fukamachi K, Kanno J, Hirose A, Xu J, Suzuki S, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Tsuda H. Assessment of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of double-walled carbon nanotubes in the rat lung after intratracheal instillation: a two-year study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35449069 PMCID: PMC9026941 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the expanding industrial applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), safety assessment of these materials is far less than needed. Very few long-term in vivo studies have been carried out. This is the first 2-year in vivo study to assess the effects of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) in the lung and pleura of rats after pulmonary exposure. Methods Rats were divided into six groups: untreated, Vehicle, 3 DWCNT groups (0.12 mg/rat, 0.25 mg/rat and 0.5 mg/rat), and MWCNT-7 (0.5 mg/rat). The test materials were administrated by intratracheal-intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) every other day for 15 days. Rats were observed without further treatment until sacrifice. Results DWCNT were biopersistent in the rat lung and induced marked pulmonary inflammation with a significant increase in macrophage count and levels of the chemotactic cytokines CCL2 and CCL3. In addition, the 0.5 mg DWCNT treated rats had significantly higher pulmonary collagen deposition compared to the vehicle controls. The development of carcinomas in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (4/24) was not quite statistically higher (p = 0.0502) than the vehicle control group (0/25), however, the overall incidence of lung tumor development, bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma combined, in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (7/24) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than the vehicle control group (1/25). Notably, two of the rats treated with DWCNT, one in the 0.25 mg group and one in the 0.5 mg group, developed pleural mesotheliomas. However, both of these lesions developed in the visceral pleura, and unlike the rats administered MWCNT-7, rats administered DWCNT did not have elevated levels of HMGB1 in their pleural lavage fluids. This indicates that the mechanism by which the mesotheliomas that developed in the DWCNT treated rats is not relevant to humans. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the DWCNT fibers we tested are biopersistent in the rat lung and induce chronic inflammation. Rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT developed pleural fibrosis and lung tumors. These findings demonstrate that the possibility that at least some types of DWCNTs are fibrogenic and tumorigenic cannot be ignored.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00469-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mourad Saleh
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Shengyong Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - William T Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Randa Hussein Abd El Hady
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- National Institute Hygienic Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Jiegou Xu
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Eldesoky AH, Abdel-Rahman RF, Ahmed OK, Soliman GA, Saeedan AS, Elzorba HY, Elansary AA, Hattori M. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Plantago major
growing in Egypt and its major phenylethanoid glycoside, acteoside. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Eldesoky
- Department of Pharmacognosy; National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St; Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Rehab F. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology; National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St; Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Osama K. Ahmed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biochemistry Department; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University; Al-Kharj KSA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz S. Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University; Al-Kharj KSA
| | - Hisham Y. Elzorba
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Amira A. Elansary
- Department of Pharmacognosy; National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St; Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Massao Hattori
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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El-Desoky AH, Abdel-Rahman RF, Ahmed OK, El-Beltagi HS, Hattori M. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of naringin isolated from Carissa carandas L.: In vitro and in vivo evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:126-134. [PMID: 29655678 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carissa carandas L. is known in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Meanwhile it is an evergreen shrub that constitutes a continuous source of leaves throughout the year. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The leaves of Carissa carandas L. may be rich in compounds that can be used as safe anti-inflammatory and antioxidant remedies. The combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities provoked the study of the hepatoprotective effects. STUDY DESIGN To isolate major constituents from the leaves of Carissa carandas L. and test their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in-vivo and in-vitro. METHODS The leaves of Carissa carandas L. were extracted with 80% MeOH and then defatted with CHCl3 to yield Carissa carandas defatted extract (CCDE). The extract was chemoprofiled using UPLC-MS/MS to stand for major constituents, then subjected to different chromatographic separation steps and naringin (NG) was isolated in a high yield. The anti-inflammatory activity of NG was investigated in-vivo by carrageenan induced hind rat paw edema model at two dose levels (50 and 25 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory activity was also evaluated in-vitro by measuring its inhibitory effect on LPS induced release of NO from RAW 264.7 macrophages. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by superoxide and DPPH radical scavenging ability. The safety of NG was tested against primary rat hepatocytes. The hepatoprotective effect of CCDE was evaluated by detecting its effects on serum liver function markers and liver cell oxidative stress markers. RESULTS NG exhibited potent inhibition of inflammation as compared to indomethacin (20 mg/kg). NG inhibited LPS induced release of NO from macrophages (IC50, 6.4 μM). NG showed significant antioxidant activity as it scavenged the superoxide radical (EC90, 10.95 μM) and DPPH radical (EC50, 11.2 μM). CCDE inhibited the elevation of the serum liver marker enzymes and increased GSH and decreased MDA contents in the liver homogenate. Liver histopathology supported the biochemical findings. CONCLUSION C. carandas has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H El-Desoky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Osama K Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam S El-Beltagi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Masao Hattori
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective
To determine whether dental implants impress oral lesions, and to evaluate the nature of their effect on the lesions.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive search was done via Google and PubMed for articles (including case reports and literature reviews) containing the keywords ‘oral squamous cell carcinoma’ (OSCC), ‘oral lichen planus’ (OLP), ‘lichenoid contact reaction’ (LCR), ‘osseointegrated implants’, and ‘dental implants’, in the last 10 years (2002-2012).
Results
The study included 24 articles involving patients with dental implants, and some oral lesions (e.g. oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma) or with a history of lesions. In these publications, there is evidence suggesting the possibility of emergence, exacerbation, recurrence, or even malignant transformation of the oral lesions after implant placement in some cases.
Conclusion
Based on our review of the literature, implant treatment does not seem to be completely safe under any circumstances, but may have some complications in subjects with certain diseases (e.g. oral lesions, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, allergic reactions, etc.). Therefore prior to treatment, patients should be fully informed of the risks.
Clinical significance
Implant treatment is best done with caution in patients with cancer or mucocutaneous disorders.
How to cite this article
Agha-Hosseini F, Rohani B. Evaluation of the Effects of Dental Implants on Oral Lesions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):400-406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Rohani
- Assistant Professor Department of Oral Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: 09127201069; Fax: +9821-88410770, e-mail:
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Murphy FA, Schinwald A, Poland CA, Donaldson K. The mechanism of pleural inflammation by long carbon nanotubes: interaction of long fibres with macrophages stimulates them to amplify pro-inflammatory responses in mesothelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:8. [PMID: 22472194 PMCID: PMC3352110 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are high aspect ratio nanoparticles with diameters in the nanometre range but lengths extending up to hundreds of microns. The structural similarities between CNT and asbestos have raised concern that they may pose a similar inhalation hazard. Recently CNT have been shown to elicit a length-dependent, asbestos-like inflammatory response in the pleural cavity of mice, where long fibres caused inflammation but short fibres did not. However the cellular mechanisms governing this response have yet to be elucidated. This study examined the in vitro effects of a range of CNT for their ability to stimulate the release of the acute phase cytokines; IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 and the chemokine, IL-8 from both Met5a mesothelial cells and THP-1 macrophages. Results showed that direct exposure to CNT resulted in significant cytokine release from the macrophages but not mesothelial cells. This pro-inflammatory response was length dependent but modest and was shown to be a result of frustrated phagocytosis. Furthermore the indirect actions of the CNT were examined by treating the mesothelial cells with conditioned media from CNT-treated macrophages. This resulted in a dramatic amplification of the cytokine release from the mesothelial cells, a response which could be attenuated by inhibition of phagocytosis during the initial macrophage CNT treatments. We therefore hypothesise that long fibres elicit an inflammatory response in the pleural cavity via frustrated phagocytosis in pleural macrophages. The activated macrophages then stimulate an amplified pro-inflammatory cytokine response from the adjacent pleural mesothelial cells. This mechanism for producing a pro-inflammatory environment in the pleural space exposed to long CNT has implications for the general understanding of fibre-related pleural disease and design of safe nanofibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Murphy
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Anja Schinwald
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Craig A Poland
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Ken Donaldson
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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