1
|
Mahla AS, Bunkar SK, Kumawat BL, Kumar Saxena V, Selvaraju S, Bhatt RS, Singh R, Kumar A. Dietary n-3 PUFA augments pre-ovulatory follicle turnover and prolificacy in well-fed ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 252:107231. [PMID: 37086576 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on preovulatory follicle (POF) turnover, prolificacy, and endocrine and metabolic milieu in Malpura sheep. Fifty cyclic ewes with 3-3.5 body condition scores on a five-point scale were allocated equally to two groups (n = 25) following estrus synchronization and were supplemented with 0.6 mL/kg body weight of n-3 PUFA-rich fish oil (FO) or palm oil (PO) as control, for 60 d following an acclimatization period of 7 d. All ewes were mated with sexually active rams at the end of the supplementation period. On ultrasonographic ovarian scanning at the last fourth estrus, the mean number of POFs was 77.8% greater (P < 0.01) in FO ewes than in the PO ewes. The proportion of ewes with multiple ovulations two months after the beginning of supplementation was 56% in the FO group as compared to 8% in the PO group. The number of fetuses was 46% higher (P < 0.01) in the FO than in the PO ewes at d 45 of gestation. At lambing, the twinning percent in the FO ewes was three times greater than in the PO ewes (27.3 vs. 9.1%). Plasma cholesterol, estradiol, and insulin concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in ewes fed with FO than those offered PO group at the end of the feeding period. It was concluded that the dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA-rich FO in well-fed Malpura ewes improved the number of follicles and ovulation rate which led to an increased prolificacy, accompanied by a reduction of plasma cholesterols, estradiol, and insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Singh Mahla
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Bunkar
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
| | - Babu Lal Kumawat
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India; Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani, MAFSU, Nagpur 431 402, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Saxena
- Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Randhir Singh Bhatt
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raghvendar Singh
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cant J, Reyes G, Seymour D. Review: Influence of postabsorptive metabolism on essential amino acid partitioning in lactating dairy cows. Animal 2022; 16 Suppl 3:100573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
3
|
Uken KL, Vogel L, Gnott M, Görs S, Schäff CT, Tuchscherer A, Hoeflich A, Weitzel JM, Kanitz E, Tröscher A, Sauerwein H, Zitnan R, Bruckmaier RM, Gross JJ, Liermann W, Hammon HM. Effect of maternal supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on metabolic and endocrine development in neonatal calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7295-7314. [PMID: 33715856 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the maternal supply of essential fatty acids (EFA), especially α-linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), affects glucose metabolism, the endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and growth, and the intestinal development of neonatal calves. We studied calves from dams that received an abomasal infusion of 76 g/d coconut oil (CTRL; n = 9), 78 g/d linseed oil and 4 g/d safflower oil (EFA; n = 9), 38 g/d Lutalin (BASF SE) containing 27% cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA (CLA; n = 9), or a combination of EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA; n = 11) during the last 63 d of gestation and early lactation. Calves received colostrum and transition milk from their own dam for the first 5 d of life. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured in milk. Blood samples were taken before first colostrum intake, 24 h after birth, and from d 3 to 5 of life before morning feeding to measure metabolic and endocrine traits in plasma. On d 3 of life, energy expenditure was evaluated by a bolus injection of NaH13CO3 and determination of CO2 appearance rate. On d 4, additional blood samples were taken to evaluate glucose first-pass uptake and 13CO2 enrichment after [13C6]-glucose feeding and intravenous [6,6-2H2]-glucose bolus injection, as well as postprandial changes in glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, and glucagon. On d 5, calves were killed 2 h after feeding and samples of small intestinal mucosa were taken for histomorphometric measurements. The concentrations of IGF-I, adiponectin, and leptin in milk decreased during early lactation in all groups, and the concentrations of leptin in first colostrum was higher in EFA than in CTRL cows. Plasma glucose concentration before first colostrum intake was higher in EFA calves than in non-EFA calves and was lower in CLA calves than in non-CLA calves. Plasma IGF-I concentration was higher on d 1 before colostrum intake in EFA calves than in EFA+CLA calves and indicated an overall CLA effect, with lower plasma IGF-I in CLA than in non-CLA calves. Postprandial NEFA concentration was lowest in EFA and CLA calves. The postprandial rise in plasma insulin was higher in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased from d 1 to d 2 in all groups and was higher on d 3 in CLA than in non-CLA calves. Plasma leptin concentration was higher on d 4 and 5 in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Maternal fatty acid treatment did not affect energy expenditure and first-pass glucose uptake, but glucose uptake on d 4 was faster in EFA than in non-EFA calves. Crypt depth was lower, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was higher in the ilea of CLA than non-CLA calves. Elevated plasma glucose and IGF-I in EFA calves immediately after birth may indicate an improved energetic status in calves when dams are supplemented with EFA. Maternal EFA and CLA supplementation influenced postprandial metabolic changes and affected factors related to the neonatal insulin response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Uken
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Vogel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Gnott
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - S Görs
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C T Schäff
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Hoeflich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J M Weitzel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Kanitz
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - R Zitnan
- Institute of Nutrition, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Center, 95141 Luzianky, Slovakia
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J J Gross
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W Liermann
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Angeli E, Barcarolo D, Ribas L, Marelli B, Roskopf P, Salado E, Ortega H, Hein G. Relevant aspects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the adaptation of dairy cattle to the transition period. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
5
|
Haubold S, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, Kanitz E, Weitzel JM, Hoeflich A, Starke A, Tröscher A, Sauerwein H, Hammon HM. Effects of a combined essential fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid abomasal infusion on metabolic and endocrine traits, including the somatotropic axis, in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:12069-12082. [PMID: 32981718 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid (ALA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on metabolic and endocrine traits related to energy metabolism, including the somatotropic axis, in mid-lactation dairy cows. Four cows (126 ± 4 d in milk) were used in a dose-escalation study design and were abomasally infused with coconut oil (CTRL; 38.3 g/d; providing saturated fatty acids), linseed and safflower oils (EFA; 39.1 and 1.6 g/d; n-6:n-3 FA ratio = 1:3), Lutalin (CLA; cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, 4.6 g/d of each), or EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA) for 6 wk. The initial dosage was doubled twice after 2 wk, resulting in 3 dosages (dosages 1, 2, and 3). Each cow received each fat treatment at different times. Cows were fed with a corn silage-based total mixed ration providing a low-fat content and a high n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones (insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins only on wk 0 and 6) were analyzed at wk 0, 2, 4, and 6 of each treatment period. Liver biopsies were taken before starting the trial and at wk 6 of each treatment period to measure hepatic mRNA abundance of genes linked to glucose, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and the somatotropic axis. The changes in the milk and blood fatty acid patterns and lactation performance of these cows have already been published in a companion paper. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol increased with dosage in all groups, except CLA, reaching the highest levels in EFA+CLA and CTRL compared with CLA. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma concentration increased in CTRL and was higher than that in EFA and CLA, whereas the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in a dose-dependent manner in EFA and EFA+CLA, and was higher than that in CLA. Hepatic mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase 1 was upregulated in all groups but was highest in EFA+CLA. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 tended to be lowest due to EFA treatment, whereas expression of long chain acyl-CoA-synthetase was lower in EFA than in CTRL. Hepatic mRNA expression of GHR1A tended to be higher in EFA+CLA than in CTRL. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I increased in CLA, and the plasma IGFBP-2 concentration was lower in EFA+CLA than in CTRL at wk 6. The plasma concentration of adiponectin decreased in EFA+CLA up to dosage 2. Plasma concentrations of albumin and urea were lower in CLA than in CTRL throughout the experimental period. Supplementation with EFA and CLA affected cholesterol and lipid metabolism and their regulation differently, indicating distinct stimulation after the combined EFA and CLA treatment. The decreased IGFBP-2 plasma concentration and upregulated hepatic mRNA abundance of GHR1A in EFA+CLA-supplemented cows indicated the beneficial effect of the combined EFA and CLA treatment on the somatotropic axis in mid-lactation dairy cows. Moreover, supplementation with CLA might affect protein metabolism in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Haubold
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kröger-Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J M Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology of Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Coordinated changes in energy metabolism develop to support gestation and lactation in the periparturient dairy cow. Maternal physiology involves the partitioning of nutrients (i.e. glucose, amino acids and fatty acids (FA)) for fetal growth and milk synthesis. However, the inability of the dairy cow to successfully adapt to a productive lactation may trigger metabolic stress characterized by uncontrolled adipose tissue lipolysis and reduced insulin sensitivity. A consequence is lipotoxicity and hepatic triglyceride deposition that favors the development of fatty liver disease (FLD) and ketosis. This review describes contemporary perspectives pertaining to FA surfeit and complex lipid metabolism in the transition dairy cow. The role of saturated and unsaturated FA as bioactive signaling molecules capable of modulating insulin secretion and sensitivity is explored. Moreover, the metabolic fate of FA as influenced by mitochondrial function is considered. This includes the influence of inadequate mitochondrial oxidation on acylcarnitine status and the use of FA for lipid mediator synthesis. Lipid mediators, including the sphingolipid ceramide and diacylglycerol, are evaluated considering their established ability to inhibit insulin signaling and glucose transport in non-ruminant diabetics. The mechanisms of FLD in the transition cow are revisited with attention centered on glycerophospholipid phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride secretion. The relationship between oxidative stress and oxylipids within the context of insulin antagonism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation is also reviewed. Lastly, peripartal hormonal involvement or lack thereof of adipokines (i.e. leptin, adiponectin) and hepatokines (i.e. fibroblast growth factor-21) is described. Similarities and differences in ruminant and non-ruminant physiology are routinely showcased. Unraveling the lipidome of the dairy cow has generated breakthroughs in our understanding of periparturient lipid biology. Therapeutic approaches that target FA and complex lipid metabolism holds promise to enhance cow health, well-being and productive lifespan.
Collapse
|
7
|
Haubold S, Kröger-Koch C, Starke A, Tuchscherer A, Tröscher A, Kienberger H, Rychlik M, Bernabucci U, Trevisi E, Hammon HM. Effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on performance and fatty acid, antioxidative, and inflammatory status in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:972-991. [PMID: 31704022 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) composition, performance, and systemic and hepatic antioxidative and inflammatory responses in dairy cows. Four cows (126 ± 4 d in milk) were investigated in a 4 × 4 Latin square and were abomasally infused with 1 of the following for 6 wk: (1) coconut oil (control treatment, CTRL; 38.3 g/d; providing saturated FA), (2) linseed and safflower oil (EFA treatment; 39.1 and 1.6 g/d, respectively; providing mainly α-linolenic acid), (3) Lutalin (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany; CLA treatment; cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, 4.6 g/d each), (4) or EFA+CLA. The initial dosage was doubled every 2 wk, resulting in 3 dosages (dosage 1, 2, and 3). Cows were fed a corn silage-based total mixed ration with a high n-6/n-3 FA ratio. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily, and milk composition was measured weekly. The FA compositions of milk fat and blood plasma were analyzed at wk 0, 2, 4, and 6. The plasma concentration and hepatic mRNA abundance of parameters linked to the antioxidative and inflammatory response were analyzed at wk 0 and 6 of each treatment period. Infused FA increased in blood plasma and milk of the respective treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. The n-6/n-3 FA ratio in milk fat was higher in CTRL and CLA than in EFA and EFA+CLA. The sum of FA <C16 in milk fat decreased in CLA and EFA+CLA in a dosage-dependent manner. Energy-corrected milk and milk fat decreased in CLA and EFA+CLA in a dosage-dependent manner and were higher in EFA and CTRL than in CLA at dosages 2 and 3. Energy balance tended to be highest in CLA cows. Milk protein content was lower in CLA and EFA+CLA than in CTRL. Milk urea concentration decreased in CLA and EFA+CLA in a dosage-dependent manner and was lower in CLA and EFA+CLA than in EFA and CTRL at dosages 2 and 3. Milk citrate concentration increased in CLA in a dosage-dependent manner and was higher in CLA and EFA+CLA than in EFA and CTRL. Glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma was lower in CTRL than in EFA, and plasma concentration of β-carotene increased in EFA and EFA+CLA with dosage. Increased milk citrate pointed at reduced de novo FA synthesis and a better antioxidative status in milk due to CLA treatment. Supplementation with CLA may also affect milk protein synthesis, but EFA and CLA treatment did not influence the inflammatory status in a consistent manner in mid-lactating cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Haubold
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kröger-Koch
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - H Kienberger
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - M Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - U Bernabucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - H M Hammon
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
González-Grajales LA, Pieper L, Mengel S, Staufenbiel R. Evaluation of glucose dose on intravenous glucose tolerance test traits in Holstein-Friesian heifers. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:774-782. [PMID: 29102137 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in dairy and beef cattle has received considerable attention because balanced blood glucose is essential for numerous processes, such as milk production and general health. The glucose tolerance test measures the ability of an organism to regulate blood glucose levels. Glucose half-life time (GHLT) has high heritability and could serve as a potential parameter to breed for metabolic resistance. However, studies focusing on identification of an adequate glucose dose have not yet been conducted in cattle. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of 5 different glucose doses (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 g/kg of body weight0.75) on intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) traits and insulin responses in nongestating heifers. A total of 150 tests were performed in 30 Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 13 to 15 mo. Blood samples were obtained every 7 min after glucose injection until min 63. Glucose traits and insulin parameters included blood serum glucose and insulin concentration at min 0 (basal concentration), min 7 to 21 (peak glucose and insulin concentration), and min 63 (last sampling) relative to glucose administration, glucose and insulin area under the curve (GAUC and IAUC), and GHLT estimated between min 14 and 42. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured according to the hexokinase colorimetric method and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Generalized linear mixed model was used to test for significant differences in ivGTT traits, insulin responses, and glucose elimination rates (k) over time at different glucose doses. Maximum glucose and insulin concentrations at min 63 increased with higher glucose doses. Significantly lower GHLT were obtained at increasing glucose doses, whereas GAUC and IAUC were significantly higher at increasing doses. The k values were affected by glucose dose and by time interval. Glucose dose greatly affected most ivGTT traits, insulin responses, and glucose elimination rates. Therefore, researchers should standardize their methods to achieve repeatable results and use the same time points for GHLT calculation. Higher glucose doses (≥1.5 g/kg of body weight0.75) triggered glucose concentrations above the glucose renal threshold during the initial 42 min, whereas the lowest glucose concentration failed to induce a maximum insulin response. Further research is necessary to determine an adequate dose inducing maximum insulin responses with minimum renal glucose losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Antonio González-Grajales
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Technologie und Produktentwicklung Dr. Pieper GmbH, 16818 Wuthenow, Germany
| | - Laura Pieper
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Mengel
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Staufenbiel
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alves-Nores V, Castillo C, Hernandez J, Abuelo A. Comparison of surrogate indices for insulin sensitivity with parameters of the intravenous glucose tolerance test in early lactation dairy cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 61:48-53. [PMID: 28689101 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between different surrogate indices and parameters of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in dairy cows at the start of their lactation. Ten dairy cows underwent IVGTT on Days 3 to 7 after calving. Areas under the curve during the 90 min after infusion, peak and nadir concentrations, elimination rates, and times to reach half-maximal and basal concentrations for glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate were calculated. Surrogate indices were computed using the average of the IVGTT basal samples, and their correlation with the IVGTT parameters studied through the Spearman's rank test. No statistically significant or strong correlation coefficients (P > 0.05; |ρ| < 0.50) were observed between the insulin sensitivity measures derived from the IVGTT and any of the surrogate indices. Therefore, these results support that the assessment of insulin sensitivity in early lactation cattle cannot rely on the calculation of surrogate indices in just a blood sample, and the more laborious tests (ie, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test or IVGTT) should be employed to predict the sensitivity of the peripheral tissues to insulin accurately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Alves-Nores
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Albert Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - C Castillo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J Hernandez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - A Abuelo
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Albert Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
González-Grajales LA, Pieper L, Kremer J, Staufenbiel R. Influence of food deprivation on intravenous glucose tolerance test traits in Holstein Friesian heifers. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7710-7719. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
11
|
Salin S, Vanhatalo A, Elo K, Taponen J, Boston R, Kokkonen T. Effects of dietary energy allowance and decline in dry matter intake during the dry period on responses to glucose and insulin in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5266-5280. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Contreras GA, Strieder-Barboza C, Raphael W. Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:41. [PMID: 28484594 PMCID: PMC5420123 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of plasma fatty acids in transition dairy cows are significantly associated with increased disease susceptibility and poor lactation performance. The main source of plasma fatty acids throughout the transition period is lipolysis from adipose tissue depots. During this time, plasma fatty acids serve as a source of calories mitigating the negative energy balance prompted by copious milk synthesis and limited dry matter intake. Past research has demonstrated that lipolysis in the adipose organ is a complex process that includes not only the activation of lipolytic pathways in response to neural, hormonal, or paracrine stimuli, but also important changes in the structure and cellular distribution of the tissue in a process known as adipose tissue remodeling. This process involves an inflammatory response with immune cell migration, proliferation of the cellular components of the stromal vascular fraction, and changes in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes current knowledge on lipolysis in dairy cattle, expands on the new field of adipose tissue remodeling, and discusses how these biological processes affect transition cow health and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - William Raphael
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Westreicher-Kristen E, Susenbeth A. Technical note: An improved tool to insert lines for abomasal infusion in rumen cannulated cattle. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1951-1954. [PMID: 28109607 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An improved tool was tested that facilitates the insertion of abomasal infusion lines in ruminally cannulated cattle for postruminal infusion studies. The insertion device was made from a 68 × 25 mm section of 20-mm i.d. stainless steel device with a weight of 125 g. The general procedure to place the tool is to pass the insertion device with the infusion line through the rumen cannula, through the sulcus omasi (reticulo-omasal orifice), and finally into the abomasum. Once inside the omasum, the insertion device is placed inside the abomasum by gently shifting the infusion line from the flexible polyvinyl chloride tubing fitted to the insertion device. The insertion device places itself by self-moving down through the abomasal orifice into the abomasum by means of its own weight. After device placement, its position can be verified by palpating through the wall of the rumen. This way, an infusion line can easily be inserted into the abomasum by any person without introducing the hand into the omasum, avoiding possible injuries to the animal and tool being expulsed of its desired position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Westreicher-Kristen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andreas Susenbeth
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
De Koster J, Hostens M, Hermans K, Van den Broeck W, Opsomer G. Validation of different measures of insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism in dairy cows using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test as the gold standard. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 57:117-26. [PMID: 27565238 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to compare different measures of insulin sensitivity in dairy cows at the end of the dry period. To do so, 10 clinically healthy dairy cows with a varying body condition score were selected. By performing hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) tests, we previously demonstrated a negative association between the insulin sensitivity and insulin responsiveness of glucose metabolism and the body condition score of these animals. In the same animals, other measures of insulin sensitivity were determined and the correlation with the HEC test, which is considered as the gold standard, was calculated. Measures derived from the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) are based on the disappearance of glucose after an intravenous glucose bolus. Glucose concentrations during the IVGTT were used to calculate the area under the curve of glucose and the clearance rate of glucose. In addition, glucose and insulin data from the IVGTT were fitted in the minimal model to derive the insulin sensitivity parameter, Si. Based on blood samples taken before the start of the IVGTT, basal concentrations of glucose, insulin, NEFA, and β-hydroxybutyrate were determined and used to calculate surrogate indices for insulin sensitivity, such as the homeostasis model of insulin resistance, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index including β-hydroxybutyrate. Correlation analysis revealed no association between the results obtained by the HEC test and any of the surrogate indices for insulin sensitivity. For the measures derived from the IVGTT, the area under the curve for the first 60 min of the test and the Si derived from the minimal model demonstrated good correlation with the gold standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J De Koster
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Hermans
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Ghorbani GR, Khorvash M, Riasi A, Taghizadeh A, Zebeli Q. Supplementation of herbal plants differently modulated metabolic profile, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress in transition dairy cows fed various extruded oil seeds. Prev Vet Med 2015; 118:45-55. [PMID: 25466761 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of a mixture of herbal plants (HM) and two sources of unsaturated fatty acids (FA), extruded linseed (LS) and soybean (SB), on metabolic profile, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative status of transition dairy cows. Thirty-two prepartum Holstein cows, blocked by parity and calving day, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments, in a 2×2 factorial design, starting from 25 days before the expected calving date to 26 days postpartum. The supplementation rates of HM were 150 and 170 g/animal/day at pre- and postpartum, respectively. Blood samples were analyzed for metabolites on day 7.15±1.70 prepartum and on days 1 and 21 postpartum. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IV-GTT) was conducted on day 25 postpartum. Data showed that cows supplemented with HM had lower serum concentration of NEFA (0.395 vs. 0.602±0.044 mmol/L; P<0.01) and NEFA to insulin ratio (P<0.01) postpartum. Compared to animals fed SB-based diets, cows fed the LS-based diet had greater serum glucose concentration during prepartum (80.7 vs. 71.3±3.32 mg/dL; P=0.06) and postpartum period (86.3 vs. 73.5±3.35 mg/dL; P=0.01), as well as lower NEFA (0.425 vs. 0.572±0.044 mmol/L; P=0.03) and insulin to glucose ratio (P<0.01) postpartum. Revised quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index revealed that supplementing HM in LS-based diet improved insulin sensitivity (0.45 vs. 0.41±0.013; P=0.03) prepartum, whereas after parturition, the HM addition was effective for both oil seeds (0.40 vs. 0.37±0.008; P=0.06) in enhancing insulin sensitivity. Result of IV-GTT indicated that cows fed LS-based diets had higher basal glucose concentration (63.7 vs. 55.7±2.37; mg/dL; P=0.02) and lower glucose area under the curve (995.8 vs. 1529.5±100.7; mg/dL×45 min; P<0.01). Supplementing HM resulted in greater total antioxidant capacity prepartum (0.55 vs. 0.48±0.017 nmol/L; P=0.01) and lower malondialdehyde concentration at prepartum (1.03 vs. 1.96±0.140 μmol/L; P<0.01) and postpartum (1.32 vs. 1.88±0.178 μmol/L; P=0.04). Although feeding LS ameliorated insulin resistance, this feeding strategy lowered total antioxidant capacity prepartum (0. 48 vs. 0.55±0.017 nmol/L; P<0.01) and increased malondialdehyde concentration postpartum more than the SB diet (1.91 vs. 1.28±0.172 μmol/L; P=0.02). Overall, both HM supplementation and LS feeding improved metabolic profile and insulin response following glucose infusion, although feeding of LS-based diets induced an increased oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Hashemzadeh-Cigari
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran.
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran
| | - M Khorvash
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran
| | - A Riasi
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran
| | - A Taghizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Q Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cartiff SE, Fellner V, Eisemann JH. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids increase insulin sensitivity in growing steers1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2332-42. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Cartiff
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program and Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - V. Fellner
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program and Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - J. H. Eisemann
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program and Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Regulation of glucose and protein metabolism in growing steers by long-chain n-3 fatty acids in muscle membrane phospholipids is dose-dependent. Animal 2012; 4:89-101. [PMID: 22443622 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109991042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study showed that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA; >18 carbons n-3) exert an anabolic effect on protein metabolism through the upregulation of insulin sensitivity and activation of the insulin signaling pathway. This study further delineates for the first time whether the anabolic effect of LCn-3PUFA on metabolism is dose responsive. Six steers were used to test three graded amounts of menhaden oil rich in LCn-3PUFA (0%, 2% and 4%; enteral infusions) according to a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatment comparisons were made using iso-energetic substitutions of control oil for menhaden oil and using 6-week experimental periods. The LCn-3PUFA in muscle total membrane phospholipids increased from 8%, 14% to 20% as dietary menhaden oil increased. Feeding graded amounts of menhaden oil linearly decreased plasma insulin concentration (49, 35 and 25 μU/ml, P = 0.01). The insulin-stimulated amino acid disposal rates as assessed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps (20, 40 and 80 mU/kg per h) were linearly increased by the incremental administrations of menhaden oil from 169, 238 to 375 μmol/kg per h (P = 0.005) during the 40 mU/kg per h clamp, and from 295, 360 and 590 μmol/kg per h (P = 0.02) during the 80 mU/kg per h clamp. Glucose disposal rate responded according to a quadratic relationship with the incremental menhaden oil amounts (P < 0.05). A regression analysis showed that 47% of the amino acid disposal rates elicited during the hyperinsulinemic clamp was related to muscle membrane LCn-3PUFA content (P = 0.003). These results show for the first time that both protein and glucose metabolism respond in a dose-dependent manner to menhaden oil and to muscle membrane LCn-3PUFA.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tao S, Thompson I, Monteiro A, Hayen M, Young L, Dahl G. Effect of cooling heat-stressed dairy cows during the dry period on insulin response. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5035-5046. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Salin S, Taponen J, Elo K, Simpura I, Vanhatalo A, Boston R, Kokkonen T. Effects of abomasal infusion of tallow or camelina oil on responses to glucose and insulin in dairy cows during late pregnancy. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3812-25. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
20
|
Lohrenz AK, Duske K, Schneider F, Nürnberg K, Losand B, Seyfert H, Metges C, Hammon H. Milk performance and glucose metabolism in dairy cows fed rumen-protected fat during mid lactation. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:5867-76. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Jaakson H, Ling K, Samarütel J, Ilves A, Kaart T, Kärt O. Field trial on glucose-induced insulin and metabolite responses in Estonian Holstein and Estonian Red dairy cows in two herds. Acta Vet Scand 2010; 52:4. [PMID: 20089161 PMCID: PMC2841601 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin secretion and tissue sensitivity to insulin is considered to be one of the factors controlling lipid metabolism post partum. The objective of this study was to compare glucose-induced blood insulin and metabolite responses in Estonian Holstein (EH, n = 14) and Estonian Red (ER, n = 14) cows. METHODS The study was carried out using the glucose tolerance test (GTT) performed at 31 +/- 1.9 days post partum during negative energy balance. Blood samples were obtained at -15, -5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min relative to infusion of 0.15 g/kg BW glucose and analysed for glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Applying the MIXED Procedure with the SAS System the basal concentration of cholesterol, and basal concentration and concentrations at post-infusion time points for other metabolites, area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin, clearance rate (CR) for glucose, and maximum increase from basal concentration for glucose and insulin were compared between breeds. RESULTS There was a breed effect on blood NEFA (P < 0.05) and a time effect on all metabolites concentration (P < 0.01). The following differences were observed in EH compared to ER: lower blood insulin concentration 5 min after glucose infusion (P < 0.05), higher glucose concentration 20 (P < 0.01) and 30 min (P < 0.05) after infusion, and higher NEFA concentration before (P < 0.01) and 5 min after infusion (P < 0.05). Blood TG concentration in ER remained stable, while in EH there was a decrease from the basal level to the 40th min nadir (P < 0.01), followed by an increase to the 60th min postinfusion (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results imply that glucose-induced changes in insulin concentration and metabolite responses to insulin differ between EH and ER dairy cows.
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Brickner A, Pires J, Gressley T, Grummer R. Effects of abomasal lipid infusion on liver triglyceride accumulation and adipose lipolysis during fatty liver induction in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:4954-61. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|