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Ghaffari MH, Daniel JB, Sadri H, Schuchardt S, Martín-Tereso J, Sauerwein H. Longitudinal characterization of the metabolome of dairy cows transitioning from one lactation to the next: Investigations in blood serum. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1263-1285. [PMID: 37777004 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize changes in the serum metabolome and various indicators of oxidative balance in dairy cows starting 2 wk before dry-off and continuing until wk 16 of lactation. Twelve Holstein dairy cows (body weight 745 ± 71 kg, body condition score 3.43 ± 0.66; mean ± SD) were housed in a tiestall barn from 10 wk before to 16 wk after parturition. Cows were dried off 6 wk before the expected calving date (mean dry period length = 42 d). From 8 wk before calving to 16 wk after calving, blood samples were taken weekly to study redox metabolism by determining antioxidant capacity, measured as the ferric-reducing ability of plasma, reactive oxidative metabolites, oxidative stress index, oxidative damage of lipids, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and glutathione peroxidase activity. According to these results, dairy cows had the lowest serum antioxidant capacity and greater levels of oxidative stress during the dry-off period and the early postpartum period. For metabolomics, a subset of serum samples including wk -7 (before dry-off), -5 (after dry-off), -1, 1, 5, 10, and 15 relative to calving were used. A targeted metabolomics approach was performed using liquid chromatography and flow injection with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the MxP Quant 500 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG). A total of 240 metabolites in serum were used in the final data analysis. Principal component analysis revealed a clear separation by days of sampling, indicating a remarkable shift in metabolic phenotype between the dry period and late and early lactation. Changes in many non-lipid metabolites associated with one-carbon metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the urea cycle, and AA catabolism were observed in the study, with changes in AA serum concentrations likely related to factors such as energy and nitrogen balance, digestive efficiency, and changing diets. The study confirmed an extensive remodeling of the serum lipidome in peripartum dairy cows, highlighting the importance of changes in acylcarnitine (acylCN), phosphatidylcholines (PC), and triacylglycerols (TG), as they play a crucial role in lipid metabolism. Results showed that short-chain acylCN increased after dry-off and decreased thereafter, whereas lipid-derived acylCN increased around parturition, suggesting that more fatty acids could enter mitochondria. Phospholipids and sphingolipids in serum showed changes during lactation. In particular, concentrations of sphingomyelins, PC, and lysoPC decreased around calving but increased in mid- and late lactation. In contrast, concentrations of TG remained consistently low after parturition. The serum concentrations of bile acids fluctuated during the dry period and lactation, with glycocholic acid, cholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid showing the greatest concentrations. These changes are likely due to the interplay of diet, liver function, and the ability of the gut microbiota to convert primary to secondary bile acids. Overall, these descriptive results may aid in hypothesis generation and in the design and interpretation of future metabolite-based studies in dairy cows. Furthermore, they contribute to our understanding of the physiological ranges in serum metabolites relative to the lactation cycle of the dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - J B Daniel
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
| | - H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - S Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Abuelo A, Mann S, Contreras GA. Metabolic Factors at the Crossroads of Periparturient Immunity and Inflammation. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:203-218. [PMID: 37032303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periparturient cows have the highest risk for disease and culling in the adult dairy herd. This risk is compounded by the multiple physiological changes of metabolism and immune function occurring around calving that alter the cow's inflammatory response. In this article, the authors summarize the current knowledge on immunometabolism in the periparturient cow, discussing major changes in immune and metabolic function around parturition that will facilitate the assessment of periparturient cow management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Box 47, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Genaro Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Effects of Dietary Supplementation with 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic Acid Isopropyl Ester as a Methionine Supplement on Nitrogen Utilization in Steers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113311. [PMID: 34828038 PMCID: PMC8614507 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi) on the nitrogen (N) metabolism in beef steers. The plasma metabolites analyzed by metabolome profiling were used to clarify the impact mechanism. Three Simmental steers (body weight, 593 ± 23 kg) were used as experimental animals. Three levels of HMBi (i.e., 0, 12, and 24 g d-1) were added in a basal ration as experimental treatments. The steers and the dietary treatments were randomly allocated in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The results showed that supplementing HMBi up to 24 g d-1 did not affect the N retention and N retention rate (NRR), and the fecal N/urinary N ratio even though it tended to linearly increase the uric acid N/urinary N ratio in steers. The results of plasma metabolome profiling showed that supplementing HMBi at 24 g d-1 upregulated the plasma concentrations of L-methionine (Met); Met-related metabolites including betaine, Met sulfoxide, and taurine; and L-isoleucine and tyrosine, whereas it downregulated L-serine, glycine, diaminopimelic acid, and other metabolites. The reason for the nonsignificant effect of HMBi on improving the N utilization in steers could be that the steers used in the experiment were in the fattening period. It is suggested to evaluate the effects of the dietary addition of HMBi using growing cattle in further research.
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Short communication: Postpartum plasma amino acid concentration in primi- and multiparous Holstein cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Akhtar MU, Hifzulrahman, Saadullah M, Pasha TN, Abdullah M, Ahmed M, Shahbakht RM, Haque MN. Effects of prepartum dietary protein level and feed intake on postpartum lactation performance and feeding behavior of multiparous Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9886-9901. [PMID: 34218915 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of low and high metabolizable protein (MP) diets when fed for ad libitum and controlled intake during the prepartum period on postpartum lactation performance and feeding behavior of dairy cows. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by parity, expected calving date, and previous lactation milk yield at -21 d relative to expected calving and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 close-up period dietary treatments providing low MP (LMP) or high MP (HMP) diets with controlled intake (CNI) or ad libitum intake (ALI). The concentrations of MP were 65 and 90 g/kg dry matter for LMP and HMP diets, respectively, whereas intake was controlled to supply 100 and 160% of the NRC (2001) energy requirements for CNI and ALI groups, respectively. The concentration of net energy for lactation (NEL) in the treatment diets was 1.50 Mcal/kg. All cows were fed a similar lactation diet after calving (1.50 Mcal/kg of NEL and 83.3 g/kg of MP). The HMP diet increased dry matter intake during the first 3 wk and tended to increase dry matter intake over the 9 wk of lactation. Meal size and eating rate increased in the ALI cows during the prepartum period. Meal frequency increased with the HMP diet during the postpartum period. Milk yield increased by 15.2% with the HMP diet over the 9 wk of lactation. The HMP diet increased energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield in CNI versus ALI cows, whereas the LMP diet increased ECM yield in ALI versus CNI cows over the 9 wk of lactation. The increase in ECM yield of LMP-ALI versus LMP-CNI cows was supported by greater body condition loss and serum β-hydroxybutyrate over the 9 wk of lactation. Taken together, these data indicate that prepartum controlled intake of a high protein diet can provide the benefits of both strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Akhtar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hifzulrahman
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - M Saadullah
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - T N Pasha
- University of Education, College Road, Township, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - M Abdullah
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmed
- Training and Research Demonstration Farm, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - R M Shahbakht
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - M N Haque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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Toledo MZ, Stangaferro ML, Gennari RS, Barletta RV, Perez MM, Wijma R, Sitko EM, Granados G, Masello M, Van Amburgh ME, Luchini D, Giordano JO, Shaver RD, Wiltbank MC. Effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine pre- and postpartum in multiparous Holstein cows: Lactation performance and plasma amino acid concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7583-7603. [PMID: 33865588 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate the effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in pre- and postpartum total mix ration (TMR) on lactation performance and plasma AA concentrations in dairy cows. A total of 470 multiparous Holstein cows [235 cows at University of Wisconsin (UW) and 235 cows at Cornell University (CU)] were enrolled approximately 4 wk before parturition, housed in close-up dry cow and replicated lactation pens. Pens were randomly assigned to treatment diets (pre- and postpartum, respectively): UW control (CON) diet = 2.30 and 2.09% of Met as percentage of metabolizable protein (MP) and RPM diet = 2.83 and 2.58% of Met as MP; CU CON = 2.22 and 2.19% of Met as percentage of MP, and CU RPM = 2.85 and 2.65% of Met as percentage of MP. Treatments were evaluated until 112 ± 3 d in milk (DIM). Milk yield was recorded daily. Milk samples were collected at wk 1 and 2 of lactation, and then every other week, and analyzed for milk composition. For lactation pens, dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. Body weight and body condition score were determined from 4 ± 3 DIM and parturition until 39 ± 3 and 49 DIM, respectively. Plasma AA concentrations were evaluated within 3 h after feeding during the periparturient period [d -7 (±4), 0, 7 (±1), 14 (±1), and 21 (±1); n = 225]. In addition, plasma AA concentrations were evaluated (every 3 h for 24 h) after feeding in cows at 76 ± 8 DIM (n = 16) and within 3 h after feeding in cows at 80 ± 3 DIM (n = 72). The RPM treatment had no effect on DMI (27.9 vs. 28.0 kg/d) or milk yield (48.7 vs. 49.2 kg/d) for RPM and CON, respectively. Cows fed the RPM treatment had increased milk protein concentration (3.07 vs. 2.95%) and yield (1.48 vs. 1.43 kg/d), and milk fat concentration (3.87 vs. 3.77%), although milk fat yield did not differ. Plasma Met concentrations tended to be greater for cows fed RPM at 7 d before parturition (25.9 vs. 22.9 µM), did not differ at parturition (22.0 vs. 20.4 µM), and were increased on d 7 (31.0 vs. 21.2 µM) and remained greater with consistent concentrations until d 21 postpartum (d 14: 30.5 vs. 19.0 µM; d 21: 31.0 vs. 17.8 µM). However, feeding RPM decreased Leu, Val, Asn, and Ser (d 7, 14, and 21) and Tyr (d 14). At a later stage in lactation, plasma Met was increased for RPM cows (34.4 vs. 16.7 µM) consistently throughout the day, with no changes in other AA. Substantial variation was detected for plasma Met concentration (range: RPM = 8.9-63.3 µM; CON = 7.8-28.8 µM) among cows [coefficient of variation (CV) > 28%] and within cow during the day (CV: 10.5-27.1%). In conclusion, feeding RPM increased plasma Met concentration and improved lactation performance via increased milk protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Z Toledo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | | | - Rodrigo S Gennari
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Rafael V Barletta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Martin M Perez
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Robert Wijma
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Emily M Sitko
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - German Granados
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | | | | | - Julio O Giordano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Randy D Shaver
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
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7
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Lopreiato V, Mezzetti M, Cattaneo L, Ferronato G, Minuti A, Trevisi E. Role of nutraceuticals during the transition period of dairy cows: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:96. [PMID: 32864127 PMCID: PMC7450574 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition period of dairy cattle is characterized by a number of metabolic, endocrine, physiologic, and immune adaptations, including the occurrence of negative energy balance, hypocalcemia, liver dysfunction, overt systemic inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status. The degree and length of time during which these systems remain out of balance could render cows more susceptible to disease, poor reproductive outcomes, and less efficient for milk production and quality. Studies on both monogastrics and ruminants have reported the health benefits of nutraceuticals (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics, dietary lipids, functional peptides, phytoextracts) beyond nutritional value, interacting at different levels of the animal’s physiology. From a physiological standpoint, it seems unrealistic to disregard any systemic inflammatory processes. However, an alternate approach is to modulate the inflammatory process per se and to resolve the systemic response as quickly as possible. To this aim, a growing body of literature underscores the efficacy of nutraceuticals (active compounds) during the critical phase of the transition period. Supplementation of essential fatty acids throughout a 2-month period (i.e. a month before and a month after calving) successfully attenuates the inflammatory status with a quicker resolution of phenomenon. In this context, the inflammatory and immune response scenario has been recognized to be targeted by the beneficial effect of methyl donors, such as methionine and choline, directly and indirectly modulating such response with the increase of antioxidants GSH and taurine. Indirectly by the establishment of a healthy gastrointestinal tract, yeast and yeast-based products showed to modulate the immune response, mitigating negative effects associated with parturition stress and consequent disorders. The use of phytoproducts has garnered high interest because of their wide range of actions on multiple tissue targets encompassing a series of antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immune-stimulating, rumen fermentation, and microbial modulation effects. In this review, we provide perspectives on investigations of regulating the immune responses and metabolism using several nutraceuticals in the periparturient cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Matteo Mezzetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferronato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.,PRONUTRIGEN-Centro di Ricerca Nutrigenomica e Proteomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.,PRONUTRIGEN-Centro di Ricerca Nutrigenomica e Proteomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Coleman DN, Lopreiato V, Alharthi A, Loor JJ. Amino acids and the regulation of oxidative stress and immune function in dairy cattle. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:S175-S193. [PMID: 32810243 PMCID: PMC7433927 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Health Science, Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Abdulrahman Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Fleming A, Lapierre H, Martineau R, White R, Hanigan M. Modeling portal-drained viscera and liver fluxes of essential amino acids in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10964-10982. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Zang Y, Silva LHP, Ghelichkhan M, Miura M, Whitehouse NL, Chizzotti ML, Brito AF. Incremental amounts of rumen-protected histidine increase plasma and muscle histidine concentrations and milk protein yield in dairy cows fed a metabolizable protein-deficient diet. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4138-4154. [PMID: 30852019 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry can benefit from low crude protein (CP) diets due to reduced N excretion, but shortages of Met, Lys, and His may limit milk protein synthesis. We studied the effect of incremental amounts of rumen-protected (RP)-His on plasma and muscle AA profile, nutrient utilization, and yields of milk and milk true protein in dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (130 ± 30 d in milk) were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d experimental periods. Treatments included a basal diet composed (dry matter basis) of 50% corn silage, 15% haylage, and 35% concentrate supplemented with 0, 82, 164, and 246 g/d of RP-His and 11 g/d of RP-Met. Milk, plasma, and muscle samples were collected weekly or every other week during all 4 periods, whereas spot urine and fecal grab samples were taken only in wk 4 of each period. Data were analyzed individually by week using linear, quadratic, and cubic orthogonal polynomials and repeated measures. Plasma His increased linearly with RP-His during wk 1 (30.3 to 57.2 µM) to wk 4 (33.2 to 63.1 µM). Plasma carnosine increased linearly with supplemental RP-His except in wk 2. No treatment effect was observed for plasma 3-methylhistidine except a quadratic effect in wk 3. Inclusion of RP-His showed linear effects on muscle His in wk 2 (20.1 to 32.5 µM) and 4 (20.3 to 35.5 µM). Whereas muscle anserine and carnosine concentrations were not affected by treatments in wk 4, anserine responded quadratically and carnosine showed a trend for a quadratic response to RP-His in wk 2. During wk 4, treatments did not affect urinary excretion of total purine derivatives, as well as dry matter intake and milk concentrations of fat and true protein. In contrast, milk yield tended to increase linearly (31.2 to 32.7 kg/d) and milk true protein yield responded linearly (0.93 to 0.98 kg/d) and tended to increase quadratically to RP-His supplementation in wk 4. Also, milk urea-N (11.7 to 12.9 mg/dL) and urinary excretion of urea-N (23.7 to 27.0% of N intake) increased linearly with feeding RP-His in wk 4. Overall, RP-His was effective to enhance plasma and muscle concentrations of His and milk protein synthesis. Elevated milk urea-N and urinary excretion of urea-N suggest that plasma His may have exceeded the requirement with excess N converted to urea in the liver. Future research is needed to determine the bioavailability of RP-His supplements to improve the accuracy of diet formulation for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zang
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - L H P Silva
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - M Ghelichkhan
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - M Miura
- Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki-shi, Japan 210-8681
| | - N L Whitehouse
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - M L Chizzotti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil 36570-900
| | - A F Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
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Effect of working pressure, fluid temperature, nozzle type and nozzle orifice size, on spray characteristics using viscous feed additive DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic-acid. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fagundes M, Yang S, Eun JS, Hall J, Moon J, Park J. Influence of supplementing a methionine derivative, N-acetyl-l-methionine, in dairy diets on production and ruminal fermentation by lactating cows during early to mid lactation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7082-7094. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Lean I, de Ondarza M, Sniffen C, Santos J, Griswold K. Meta-analysis to predict the effects of metabolizable amino acids on dairy cattle performance. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:340-364. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Larsen M, Galindo C, Ouellet D, Maxin G, Kristensen N, Lapierre H. Abomasal amino acid infusion in postpartum dairy cows: Effect on whole-body, splanchnic, and mammary amino acid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7944-61. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Galindo C, Larsen M, Ouellet DR, Maxin G, Pellerin D, Lapierre H. Abomasal amino acid infusion in postpartum dairy cows: Effect on whole-body, splanchnic, and mammary glucose metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7962-74. [PMID: 26319765 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nine Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas and indwelling catheters in splanchnic blood vessels were used to study the effects of supplementing AA on milk lactose secretion, whole-body rate of appearance (WB-Ra) of glucose, and tissue metabolism of glucose, lactate, glycerol, and β-OH-butyrate (BHBA) in postpartum dairy cows according to a generalized randomized incomplete block design with repeated measures in time. At calving, cows were blocked according to parity (second and third or greater) and were allocated to 2 treatments: abomasal infusion of water (n=4) or abomasal infusion of free AA with casein profile (AA-CN; n=5) in addition to the same basal diet. The AA-CN infusion started with half the maximal dose at 1 d in milk (DIM) and then steadily decreased from 791 to 226 g/d from DIM 2 to 29 to cover the estimated essential AA deficit. On DIM 5, 15, and 29, D[6,6-(2)H2]-glucose (23.7 mmol/h) was infused into a jugular vein for 5h, and 6 blood samples were taken from arterial, portal, hepatic, and mammary sources at 45-min intervals, starting 1h after the initiation of the D[6,6-(2)H2]glucose infusion. Trans-organ fluxes were calculated as veno-arterial differences times plasma flow (splanchnic: downstream dilution of deacetylated para-aminohippurate; mammary: Fick principle using Phe+Tyr). Energy-corrected milk and lactose yields increased on average with AA-CN by 6.4 kg/d and 353 g/d, respectively, with no DIM × treatment interaction. Despite increased AA supply and increased demand for lactose secretion with AA-CN, net hepatic release of glucose remained unchanged, but WB-Ra of glucose tended to increase with AA-CN. Portal true flux of glucose increased with AA-CN and represented, on average, 17% of WB-Ra. Splanchnic true flux of glucose was unaltered by treatments and was numerically equivalent to WB-Ra, averaging 729 and 741 mmol/h, respectively. Mammary glucose utilization increased with AA-CN infusion, averaging 78% of WB-Ra, and increased gradually as lactation advanced. Net portal, hepatic, splanchnic, and mammary fluxes of lactate, glycerol, and BHBA were not affected by AA infusion. Increasing the supply of AA in postpartum dairy cows elevated the WB-Ra of glucose without affecting the true liver glucose release. The greater WB-Ra of glucose with abomasal AA infusion seemed to originate mainly from greater true portal-drained viscera release of glucose. Glucose utilization by the portal-drained viscera was unaffected by abomasal AA infusion, but the exact mechanism behind the greater true portal glucose release could not be assessed in the current study. The increased mammary glucose uptake was in line with the increased milk lactose yield. In early postpartum lactation, the demand for AA seems to be so high that even with increased AA supply, cows have metabolic priorities for AA other than hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Galindo
- Département de Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - M Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - D R Ouellet
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
| | - G Maxin
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
| | - D Pellerin
- Département de Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - H Lapierre
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8.
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Patton R, Hristov A, Parys C, Lapierre H. Relationships between circulating plasma concentrations and duodenal flows of essential amino acids in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4707-34. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Van Saun RJ, Sniffen CJ. Transition cow nutrition and feeding management for disease prevention. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2014; 30:689-719. [PMID: 25220248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, an overview is presented of nutrient modeling to define energy and protein requirements of the late pregnant cow, and metabolic relationships between fetus and cow as they relate to nutrient utilization and risk for postparturient disease are discussed. Recommendations for formulating dry cow diets are provided, with emphasis on opportunities to minimize variation and risk for postparturient disease events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Van Saun
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 115 W.L. Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802-3500, USA.
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Larsen M, Lapierre H, Kristensen N. Abomasal protein infusion in postpartum transition dairy cows: Effect on performance and mammary metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:5608-22. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vargas-Rodriguez C, Yuan K, Titgemeyer E, Mamedova L, Griswold K, Bradford B. Effects of supplemental chromium propionate and rumen-protected amino acids on productivity, diet digestibility, and energy balance of peak-lactation dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3815-21. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Investigation of sources of variation in the effect of prepartum protein supplementation on early lactation performance of dairy cows. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Martineau R, Côrtes C, Ortigues-Marty I, Ouellet DR, Lapierre H. Evaluation of equations predicting the net portal appearance of amino acid nitrogen in ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1670-81. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Martineau
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - C Côrtes
- Département de Productions Animales, Unité de Recherche Systèmes d'Élevage, École Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers, Angers, 49007, France
| | - I Ortigues-Marty
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
| | - D R Ouellet
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - H Lapierre
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
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23
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Larsen M, Kristensen N. Effects of glucogenic and ketogenic feeding strategies on splanchnic glucose and amino acid metabolism in postpartum transition Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5946-60. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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