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Antanaitis R, Džermeikaitė K, Krištolaitytė J, Stankevičius R, Daunoras G, Televičius M, Malašauskienė D, Cook J, Viora L. Changes in Parameters Registered by Innovative Technologies in Cows with Subclinical Acidosis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1883. [PMID: 38997995 PMCID: PMC11240606 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that there were changes in biomarkers registered by innovative technologies in cows with subclinical acidosis. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the in-line milk fat-to-protein ratio and cow feeding behaviors such as reticulorumen pH, reticulorumen temperature, cow activity, and water intake with subclinical acidosis. From a total of 98 cows, 59 cows were selected to meet the following criteria (2 or more lactations, with 31 days in milk (DIM)). The selected animals were separated into two groups based on general clinical examination and reticulorumen pH: the subclinical acidosis group (SCA, n = 23) and the healthy group (HC, n = 36). During the diagnosis of subclinical acidosis and following the clinical examination of the healthy group using the BROLIS HerdLine system, the daily averages of milk yield (kg/day), milk fat (%), milk protein (%), and the milk fat-to-protein ratio were recorded. Simultaneously, by using Smaxtec technology, reticulorumen parameters and cow activity, including pH, temperature (°C), rumination time (minutes/day), and water intake (hours/day), were registered. Changes in parameters measured using innovative technologies were able to identify cows with subclinical acidosis. Cows with subclinical acidosis had a lower reticulorumen pH by 18.8% (p < 0.0001), a decreased milk yield by 10.49% (p < 0.001), a lower milk fat-to-protein ratio by 11.88% (p < 0.01), and a decreased rumination time by 6.59% (p < 0.01). However, the activity of these cows was higher by 57.19% (p < 0.001) compared to healthy cows. From a practical point of view, we suggest that veterinarians and farmers track parameters such as reticulorumen pH, milk yield, milk fat-to-protein ratio, rumination time, and activity for the identification of subclinical acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Karina Džermeikaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Justina Krištolaitytė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Rolandas Stankevičius
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Gintaras Daunoras
- L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Televičius
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Dovilė Malašauskienė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - John Cook
- RCVS Recognised Specialist Cattle Health and Production, Technical Veterinarian, Avenida de los Robles Visalia, Visalia, CA 93291, USA;
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
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Rodriguez Z, Kolar QK, Krogstad KC, Swartz TH, Yoon I, Bradford BJ, Ruegg PL. Evaluation of reticuloruminal temperature for the prediction of clinical mastitis in dairy cows challenged with Streptococcus uberis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1360-1369. [PMID: 36494232 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Automated monitoring devices have become increasingly utilized in the dairy industry, especially for monitoring or predicting disease status. While multiple automated monitoring devices have been developed for the prediction of clinical mastitis (CM), limitations in performance or applicability remain. The aims of this study were to (1) detect variations in reticuloruminal temperature (RRT) relative to an experimental intramammary challenge with Streptococcus uberis and (2) evaluate alerts generated automatically based on variation in RRT to predict initial signs of CM in the challenged cows based on severity of clinical signs and the concentration of bacteria (cfu/mL) in the infected quarter separately. Clinically healthy Holstein cows without a history of CM in the 60 d before the experiment (n = 37, parity 1 to 5, ≥120 d in milk) were included if they were microbiologically negative and had a somatic cell count under 200,000 cells/mL based on screening of quarter milk samples 1 wk before challenge. Each cow received an intra-reticuloruminal automated monitoring device before the trial and was challenged with 2,000 cfu of Strep. uberis 0140J in 1 rear quarter. Based on interrupted time series analysis, intramammary challenge with Strep. uberis increased RRT by 0.54°C [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41, 0.66] at 24 h after the challenge, which remained elevated until the end of the study. Alerts based on RRT correctly classified 78.3% (95% CI: 65.8, 87.9) of first occurrences of CM at least 24 h in advance, with a sensitivity of 70.0% (95% CI: 50.6, 85.3) and a specificity of 86.7% (95% CI: 69.3, 96.2). The accuracy of CM for a given severity score was 90.9% (95% CI: 70.8, 98.9) for mild cases, 85.2% (95% CI: 72.9, 93.4) for moderate cases, and 92.9% (95% CI: 66.1, 99.8) for severe cases. Test characteristics of the RRT alerts to predict initial signs of CM improved substantially after bacterial count in the challenged quarter reached 5.0 log10 cfu/mL, reaching a sensitivity of 73.5% (95% CI: 55.6, 87.1) and a specificity of 87.5% (95% CI: 71.0, 96.5). Overall, the results of this study indicated that RRT was affected by the intramammary challenge with Strep. uberis and the RRT-generated alerts had similar accuracy as reported for other sensors and algorithms. Further research that includes natural infections with other pathogens as well as different variations in RRT to determine CM status is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelmar Rodriguez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
| | - Quinn K Kolar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Kirby C Krogstad
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Turner H Swartz
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | | | - Barry J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Pamela L Ruegg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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Antanaitis R, Anskienė L, Rapaliutė E, Bilskis R, Džermeikaitė K, Bačėninaitė D, Juškienė V, Juška R, Meškinytė E. Relationship between Reticulorumen Parameters Measured in Real Time and Methane Emission and Heat Stress Risk in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233257. [PMID: 36496778 PMCID: PMC9738838 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate a connection between CH4 emissions and reticulorumen pH and temperature. During the experiment, we registered the following parameters: reticulorumen pH (pH), reticulorumen temperature (RR temp.), reticulorumen temperature without drinking cycles, ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, cow activity, heat index, temperature−humidity index (THI), and methane emissions (CH4). The experimental animals were divided into two groups based on the reticulorumen pH: 1. pH < 6.22 and 2. pH 6.22−6.42. We found that cows assigned to the second pH class had higher (46.18%) average values for methane emissions (p < 0.01). For the other indicators, higher average values were detected in cows of the first pH class, RR temperature (2.80%), relative humidity (20.96%), temperature−humidity index (2.47%) (p < 0.01), and temperature (3.93%) (p < 0.05), which were higher compared to cows of the second pH class. Reticulorumen pH was highly negatively correlated with THI and temperature (r = −0.667 to 0.717, p < 0.001) and somewhat negatively with heat index, relative humidity, and RR temperature (r = −0.536, p < 0.001; r = −0.471 to 0.456, p < 0.01). Cows with a higher risk of heat stress had a higher risk of lower reticulorumen pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Lina Anskienė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Rapaliutė
- AUGA Group, AB, Konstitucijos pr. 21C, LT-08130 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ronaldas Bilskis
- AUGA Group, AB, Konstitucijos pr. 21C, LT-08130 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karina Džermeikaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Bačėninaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Juškienė
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Juška
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Edita Meškinytė
- Animal Husbandry Selections, Breeding Values and Dissemination Center, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto St. 10A, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas, Lithuania
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D’Souza GM, Dias Batista LF, Norris AB, Tedeschi LO. Effect of live yeast supplementation on energy partitioning and ruminal fermentation characteristics of steers fed a grower-type diet in heat-stress conditions. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac320. [PMID: 36181501 PMCID: PMC9683489 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to determine the influence of live yeast supplementation (LY), environmental condition (ENV), and their interaction (TRT) on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and ruminal fermentation dynamics of steers receiving a grower-type diet. The effects of LY and ENV were investigated using a 2 × 2 crossover design that spanned five periods. Eight Angus-crossbred steers were randomly split into pairs and housed in four outdoor pens outfitted with an individualized feeding system. Animals were limit-fed a grower diet (DIET) at 1.2% shrunk body weight (SBW) with no live yeast supplementation (NOY) or a grower diet top-dressed with 10 g LY/d for 14 d (1.2 × 1012 CFU/d). On days 13 and 14, animals were subjected to one of two ENV conditions, thermoneutral (TN; 18.4 ± 1.1 °C, 57.6 ± 2.8% relative humidity [RH]) or heat stress (HS; 33.8 ± 0.6 °C, 55.7 ± 2.7% RH), in two side-by-side, single-stall open-circuit, indirect respiration calorimetry chambers. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. Carryover effects were examined and removed from the model if not significant. Gross (GE), digestible, metabolizable, heat, and retained energies were not influenced by DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.202). Gaseous energy, as a percentage of GE, tended to increase during HS (P = 0.097). The only carryover effect in the study was for oxygen consumption (P = 0.031), which could be attributed to the tendency of NOY (P = 0.068) to have greater oxygen consumption. DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.154) had no effects on total animal methane or carbon dioxide emissions. Similarly, DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.157) did not affect ruminal pH, redox, protozoa enumeration, ruminal ammonia concentrations, and acetate-to-propionate ratio. Propionate concentrations were the greatest in animals in TN conditions receiving LY (P = 0.034) compared to the other TRT. This effect is mirrored by TN-LY tending to have greater acetate concentrations (P = 0.076) and total VFA concentrations (P = 0.065). Butyrate concentrations tended to be greater for animals fed LY (P = 0.09). There was a tendency for LY to have elevated numbers of Fusobacterium necrophorum (P = 0.053). Although this study lacked effects of LY on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and some ruminal parameters during HS, further research should be completed to understand if LY is a plausible mitigation technique to enhance beef animals' performance in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M D’Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | | | - Aaron B Norris
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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Hajnal É, Kovács L, Vakulya G. Dairy Cattle Rumen Bolus Developments with Special Regard to the Applicable Artificial Intelligence (AI) Methods. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6812. [PMID: 36146158 PMCID: PMC9505622 DOI: 10.3390/s22186812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is a well-known worldwide trend to increase the number of animals on dairy farms and to reduce human labor costs. At the same time, there is a growing need to ensure economical animal husbandry and animal welfare. One way to resolve the two conflicting demands is to continuously monitor the animals. In this article, rumen bolus sensor techniques are reviewed, as they can provide lifelong monitoring due to their implementation. The applied sensory modalities are reviewed also using data transmission and data-processing techniques. During the processing of the literature, we have given priority to artificial intelligence methods, the application of which can represent a significant development in this field. Recommendations are also given regarding the applicable hardware and data analysis technologies. Data processing is executed on at least four levels from measurement to integrated analysis. We concluded that significant results can be achieved in this field only if the modern tools of computer science and intelligent data analysis are used at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Hajnal
- Alba Regia Technical Faculty, Óbuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gergely Vakulya
- Alba Regia Technical Faculty, Óbuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
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Extensive Sheep and Goat Production: The Role of Novel Technologies towards Sustainability and Animal Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070885. [PMID: 35405874 PMCID: PMC8996830 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New technologies have been recognized as valuable in controlling, monitoring, and managing farm animal activities. It makes it possible to deepen the knowledge of animal behavior and improve animal welfare and health, which has positive implications for the sustainability of animal production. In recent years, successful technological developments have been applied in intensive farming systems; however, due to challenging conditions that extensive pasture-based systems show, technology has been more limited. Nevertheless, awareness of the available technological solutions for extensive conditions can increase the implementation of their adoption among farmers and researchers. In this context, this review addresses the role of different technologies applied to sheep and goat production in extensive systems. Examples related to precision livestock farming, omics, thermal stress, colostrum intake, passive immunity, and newborn survival are presented; biomarkers of metabolic diseases and parasite resistance breeding are discussed. Abstract Sheep and goat extensive production systems are very important in the context of global food security and the use of rangelands that have no alternative agricultural use. In such systems, there are enormous challenges to address. These include, for instance, classical production issues, such as nutrition or reproduction, as well as carbon-efficient systems within the climate-change context. An adequate response to these issues is determinant to economic and environmental sustainability. The answers to such problems need to combine efficiently not only the classical production aspects, but also the increasingly important health, welfare, and environmental aspects in an integrated fashion. The purpose of the study was to review the application of technological developments, in addition to remote-sensing in tandem with other state-of-the-art techniques that could be used within the framework of extensive production systems of sheep and goats and their impact on nutrition, production, and ultimately, the welfare of these species. In addition to precision livestock farming (PLF), these include other relevant technologies, namely omics and other areas of relevance in small-ruminant extensive production: heat stress, colostrum intake, passive immunity, newborn survival, biomarkers of metabolic disease diagnosis, and parasite resistance breeding. This work shows the substantial, dynamic nature of the scientific community to contribute to solutions that make extensive production systems of sheep and goats more sustainable, efficient, and aligned with current concerns with the environment and welfare.
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Lees AM, Olm JCW, Lees JC, Gaughan JB. Influence of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the heat load responses of lactating dairy cows during summer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:275-288. [PMID: 34264388 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of supplementing lactating dairy cows with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production and composition, cow behavior, and physiological responses during summer. Twenty primiparous cows were used and two treatments were imposed: (1) control (CON); and (2) probiotic supplementation (PRO; S. cerevisiae, providing 1010 colony forming units (CFU) per day). Rumen temperature (TRUM, °C) and pH were obtained via rumen boluses. Rumen temperatures were obtained from all cows (n = 20) at 10-min intervals and ruminal pH were obtained from five cow pairs (n = 10) at 10-min intervals. Ambient temperature (TA; °C), relative humidity (RH; %), wind speed (WS; m/s), and solar radiation (SR; W/m2) were recorded at 10-min intervals. The temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated using TA and RH. Cows were milked twice daily. Milk fat (%), protein (%), lactose (%), and somatic cell count (SCC, '000) were evaluated on 16 occasions. Cows were observed three times (0800 h; 1200 h; and 1400 h) daily for panting score (PS); respiration rate (RR); posture (standing/lying); shade utilization; and cow activity (eating/drinking/ruminating). Individual PS were used to calculate a mean panting score (MPS) for CON and PRO treatments for each observation. S. cerevisiae did not influence milk yield (P = 0.87), fat (P = 0.82), protein (P = 0.26) or SCC (P = 0.19), although there was a tendency for PRO cows to have higher lactose (P = 0.06). Probiotics did not influence the proportion of cows utilizing shade (P = 0.42); standing (P = 0.41); ruminating (P = 0.72); or drinking (P = 0.40). All cows exhibited an increase in RR (> 24 bpm) at 1200 h and RR showed a steady increase as THI increased (P < 0.0001), regardless of treatment (P = 0.96). Both CON (35.8%) and PRO (40.2%) exhibited an increase in MPS as THI increased from thermoneutral (THI ≤ 74) to very hot (THI ≥ 84.1; P < 0.001). However, PRO cows had lower (2.19 ± 0.09; P < 0.0001) MPS compared with CON (2.54 ± 0.22) cows when THI was categorized as very hot (THI ≥ 84.1). Rumen pH were not influenced by treatment (P = 0.38), however TRUM of PRO cows were 0.2 °C lower across days (P < 0.0001) and hours (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that supplementing cows with S. cerevisiae may support thermoregulation via decreased TRUM and MPS; however, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia.
| | - J C W Olm
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - J C Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
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A Case Study Using Accelerometers to Identify Illness in Ewes Following Unintentional Exposure to Mold-Contaminated Feed. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030266. [PMID: 35158590 PMCID: PMC8833334 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensor technologies can identify modified animal activity indicating changes in health status. This study investigated sheep behavior before and after illness caused by mold-contaminated feed using tri-axial accelerometers. Ten ewes were fitted with HerdDogg biometric accelerometers. Five ewes were concurrently fitted with Axivity AX3 accelerometers. The flock was exposed to mold-contaminated feed following an unexpected ration change, and observed symptomatic ewes were treated with a veterinarian-directed protocol. Accelerometer data were evaluated 4 days before exposure (d −4 to −1); the day of ration change (d 0); and 4 days post exposure (d 1 to 4). Herddogg activity index correlated to the variability of minimum and standard deviation of motion intensity monitored by the Axivity accelerometer. Herddogg activity index was lower (p < 0.05) during the mornings (0800 to 1100 h) of days 2 to 4 and the evening of day 1 than days −4 to 0. Symptomatic ewes had lower activity levels in the morning and higher levels at night. After accounting for symptoms, activity levels during days 1 to 4 were lower (p < 0.05) than days −4 to 0 the morning after exposure. Results suggest real-time or near-real time accelerometers have potential to detect illness in ewes.
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Choi W, Ro Y, Kim D, Hong L, Kim D. Induction of hypocalcaemia and evaluation of reticuloruminal motility using a three-axis accelerometer. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pryce JE, Nguyen TTT, Cheruiyot EK, Marett L, Garner JB, Haile-Mariam M. Impact of hot weather on animal performance and genetic strategies to minimise the effect. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Flattot EAL, Batterham TR, Timsit E, White BJ, McMeniman JP, Ward MP, González LA. Evaluation of reticulorumen temperature boluses for the diagnosis of subclinical cases of bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6426233. [PMID: 34788846 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most important and costly health issue of the feedlot industry worldwide. Remote monitoring of reticulorumen temperature has been suggested as a potential tool to improve the diagnostic accuracy of BRD. The present study aimed to evaluate 1) the difference and degree of reticulorumen hyperthermia episodes between healthy and subclinical BRD feedlot steers, and 2) determine the correlation between reticulorumen hyperthermia and lung pathology, performance, and carcass traits. Mixed-breed feedlot steers (n = 148) with a mean arrival weight of 321 ± 3.34 kg were administered a reticulorumen bolus at feedlot entry and monitored for visual and audible signs of BRD until slaughter when lungs were examined and scored for lesions indicative of BRD. Post-slaughter animals with no record of BRD treatment were assigned to one of three case definitions. Healthy steers had no visual or audible signs of BRD (i.e., CIS=1), and total lung consolidation score < 5% or pleurisy score < 3 at slaughter. Subclinical BRD cases had a CIS of 1, and a lung consolidation score ≥ 5% or a pleurisy score of 3 at slaughter. Mild CIS cases had at least one CIS of 2, and a lung consolidation score < 5% and a pleurisy score < 3 at slaughter. Subclinical BRD and mild CIS cases had longer total duration of reticulorumen hyperthermia, more episodes and longer average episode duration above 40.0 °C compared to healthy steers (P < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between lung consolidation and total duration (r = 0.27, P < 0.001), episode duration (r = 0.29, P < 0.001), and number of episodes (r = 0.20, P < 0.05). Pleurisy score was also found to be moderately and positively correlated with total duration (r = 0.23, P < 0.01), episode duration (r = 0.37, P < 0.001), and number of episodes (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). Moderate negative correlations were found between reticulorumen hyperthermia and carcass traits including hot standard carcass weight (HSCW) (-0.22 ≤ r ≤ -0.23, P < 0.05) and P8-fat depth (-0.18 ≤ r ≤ -0.32, P < 0.05). Subclinical BRD reduced carcass weight by 22 kg and average daily gain (ADG) by 0.44 kg/day compared to healthy steers (P < 0.05), but mild CIS cases had no effect on performance (P > 0.05). The reticulorumen bolus technology appears promising for detection of subclinical BRD cases in feedlot cattle as defined by lung pathology at slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A-L Flattot
- Apiam Animal Health, East Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Tony R Batterham
- Apiam Animal Health, East Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.,Quirindi Feedlot Services, Quirindi, NSW 2343, Australia
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Innovation Department, CEVA Santé Animal, Libourne 33500, France
| | - Brad J White
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Luciano A González
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
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12
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Islam MA, Lomax S, Doughty A, Islam MR, Jay O, Thomson P, Clark C. Automated Monitoring of Cattle Heat Stress and Its Mitigation. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.737213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change related global warming is likely to continue, despite all mitigation measures taken by humans, due to the lag effect of long-term anthropogenic activities. Warming of the atmosphere can impact worldwide cattle production directly by compromising health, welfare and productivity, and indirectly by reducing the quality and quantity of animal feed. Under warm thermal conditions, cattle adjust their physiological and behavioural responses as an integral part of thermoregulation to maintain internal body temperature within a safe range. However, a greater intensity and duration of heat exposure can exceed thermoregulatory capacity leading to an increase in internal body temperature beyond the normal limit that ultimately evokes different animal responses to heat. In cattle, response to heat stress can be visually observed as elevated respiration rate or panting, but continuous visual monitoring is labour intensive, time consuming and subjective. Therefore, different weather-based indices have been developed such as the temperature humidity index (THI) and heat load index (HLI) which are commonly used weather-based indices for monitoring cattle heat stress at commercial level. However, the thermal comfort level of cattle based on weather-based indices has limited use at a microclimatic and individual animal level. Varying sensor-based approaches have shown promise to shift the focus of heat stress management to the individual level. Monitoring individual animal response and mitigation strategies for isolated heat-susceptible cattle could save on heat management costs whilst improving animal welfare and productivity. Here we review the technologies that enable automatic, continuous, and real-time cattle heat stress monitoring and mitigation under commercial conditions. Future platforms for autonomous monitoring and mitigation of heat stress in cattle are likely to be based on minimally-invasive smart technologies either singly, or in an integrated system, enabling real-time solutions to animal responses under various production systems and environmental conditions.
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13
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Shu H, Wang W, Guo L, Bindelle J. Recent Advances on Early Detection of Heat Strain in Dairy Cows Using Animal-Based Indicators: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:980. [PMID: 33915761 PMCID: PMC8066310 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of precision livestock farming, the real-time measurement for heat strain-related data has been more and more valued. Efforts have been made recently to use more sensitive physiological indicators with the hope to better inform decision-making in heat abatement in dairy farms. To get an insight into the early detection of heat strain in dairy cows, the present review focuses on the recent efforts developing early detection methods of heat strain in dairy cows based on body temperatures and respiratory dynamics. For every candidate animal-based indicator, state-of-the-art measurement methods and existing thresholds were summarized. Body surface temperature and respiration rate were concluded to be the best early indicators of heat strain due to their high feasibility of measurement and sensitivity to heat stress. Future studies should customize heat strain thresholds according to different internal and external factors that have an impact on the sensitivity to heat stress. Wearable devices are most promising to achieve real-time measurement in practical dairy farms. Combined with internet of things technologies, a comprehensive strategy based on both animal- and environment-based indicators is expected to increase the precision of early detection of heat strain in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shu
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China;
- AgroBioChem/TERRA, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China;
| | - Leifeng Guo
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100086, China;
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- AgroBioChem/TERRA, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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14
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Fahlman A, Aoki K, Bale G, Brijs J, Chon KH, Drummond CK, Føre M, Manteca X, McDonald BI, McKnight JC, Sakamoto KQ, Suzuki I, Rivero MJ, Ropert-Coudert Y, Wisniewska DM. The New Era of Physio-Logging and Their Grand Challenges. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669158. [PMID: 33859577 PMCID: PMC8042203 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fahlman
- Fundación Oceanográfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kagari Aoki
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Gemma Bale
- Department of Physics and Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Brijs
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Manoa, HI, United States
| | - Ki H. Chon
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Colin K. Drummond
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Martin Føre
- Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xavier Manteca
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Birgitte I. McDonald
- Moss Landing Marine Labs at San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, United States
| | - J. Chris McKnight
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kentaro Q. Sakamoto
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ippei Suzuki
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Akkeshi, Japan
| | | | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre D'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, UMR7372, CNRS, France
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15
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Mensching A, Zschiesche M, Hummel J, Grelet C, Gengler N, Dänicke S, Sharifi AR. Development of a subacute ruminal acidosis risk score and its prediction using milk mid-infrared spectra in early-lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4615-4634. [PMID: 33589252 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A routine monitoring for subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on the individual level could support the minimization of economic losses and the ensuring of animal welfare in dairy cows. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a SARA risk score (SRS) by combining information from different data acquisition systems to generate an integrative indicator trait, (2) the investigation of associations of the SRS with feed analysis data, blood characteristics, performance data, and milk composition, including the fatty acid (FA) profile, (3) the development of a milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectra-based prediction equation for this novel reference trait SRS, and (4) its application to an external data set consisting of MIR data of test day records to investigate the association between the MIR-based predictions of the SRS and the milk FA profile. The primary data set, which was used for the objectives (1) to (3), consisted of data collected from 10 commercial farms with a total of 100 Holstein cows in early lactation. The data comprised barn climate parameters, pH and temperature logging from intrareticular measurement boluses, as well as jaw movement and locomotion behavior recordings of noseband-sensor halters and pedometers. Further sampling and data collection included feed samples, blood samples, milk performance, and milk samples, whereof the latter were used to get the milk MIR spectra and to estimate the main milk components, the milk FA profile, and the lactoferrin content. Because all measurements were characterized by different temporal resolutions, the data preparation consisted of an aggregation into values on a daily basis and merging it into one data set. For the development of the SRS, a total of 7 traits were selected, which were derived from measurements of pH and temperature in the reticulum, chewing behavior, and milk yield. After adjustment for fixed effects and standardization, these 7 traits were combined into the SRS using a linear combination and directional weights based on current knowledge derived from literature studies. The secondary data set was used for objective (4) and consisted of test day records of the entire herds, including performance data, milk MIR spectra and MIR-predicted FA. At farm level, it could be shown that diets with higher proportions of concentrated feed resulted in both lower daily mean pH and higher SRS values. On the individual level, an increased SRS could be associated with a modified FA profile (e.g., lower levels of short- and medium-chain FA, higher levels of C17:0, odd- and branched-chain FA). Furthermore, a milk MIR-based partial least squares regression model with a moderate predictability was established for the SRS. This work provides the basis for the development of routine SARA monitoring and demonstrates the high potential of milk composition-based assessment of the health status of lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mensching
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - M Zschiesche
- Ruminant Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - J Hummel
- Ruminant Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Grelet
- Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Gengler
- TERRA Research and Training Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Brunswick, Germany
| | - A R Sharifi
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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16
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Choi W, Ro Y, Hong L, Ahn S, Kim H, Choi C, Kim H, Kim D. Evaluation of ruminal motility using an indwelling 3-axis accelerometer in the reticulum in cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1750-1756. [PMID: 33162433 PMCID: PMC7804031 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to increase production and improve farm environments have been made for several years. Rumen motility (RM) is one of the biological parameters that provides essential information of individuals in ruminants, and it is usually evaluated by auscultation. The study was aimed to examine RM using the 3-axis accelerometer (3XA) in cattle. The manufactured 3XA were placed in the reticulum (3XA-R) and implanted in the subcutaneous layer of the brisket (3XA-SC), respectively, and the accelerations were compared following intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or saline in experiment 1 and of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or atropine (0.04 mg/kg) in experiment 2. In experiment 3, the dose-dependent decrease of RM was evaluated following xylazine administration (0, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg) in the 3XA-R equipped cows via a 3 × 3 Latin square method. In experiment 1, saline-treated animals showed a continuous fluctuation while the frequency and amplitude of 3XA-R in xylazine-injected cows were reduced after administration. The acceleration of 3XA-SC was changed after administration, but not abruptly. Among the motion parameters, V2 was calculated only using X- and Z-axis acceleration in consideration of the cylindrical shape, and it showed the apparent difference between pre- and post-xylazine administration. In experiment 2, the V2 of 3XA-R was decreased after atropine administration while that of 3XA-SC was maintained. In experiment 3, a dose-dependent V2 decrement of 3XA-R after xylazine administration was observed and lasted for 40 and 80 min in doses of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, The 3XA detected the decrease in RM efficiently and processed the data wirelessly without interference from body movement. This technology will help detect problems early and prevent a decline in cattle productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojae Choi
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghye Ro
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Leegon Hong
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Ahn
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- uLikeKorea Co., Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hakseung Kim
- uLikeKorea Co., Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Danil Kim
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
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17
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Antanaitis R, Juozaitienė V, Malašauskienė D, Televičius M. Inline Reticulorumen pH as an Indicator of Cows Reproduction and Health Status. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1022. [PMID: 32074978 PMCID: PMC7070830 DOI: 10.3390/s20041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our study hypothesis is that the interline registered pH of the cow reticulum can be used as an indicator of health and reproductive status. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship of pH, using the indicators of the automatic milking system (AMS), with some parameters of cow blood components. The following four main groups were used to classify cow health status: 15-30 d postpartum, 1-34 d after insemination, 35 d after insemination (not pregnant), and 35 d (pregnant). Using the reticulum pH assay, the animals were categorized as pH < 6.22 (5.3% of cows), pH 6.22-6.42 (42.1% of cows), pH 2.6-6.62 (21.1% of cows), and pH > 6.62 (10.5% of cows). Using milking robots, milk yield, fat protein, lactose level, somatic cell count, and electron conductivity were registered. Other parameters assessed included the temperature and pH of the contents of reticulorumens. Assessment of the aforementioned parameters was done using specific smaX-tec boluses. Blood gas parameters were assessed using a blood gas analyzer (EPOC (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany). The study findings indicated that pregnant cows have a higher pH during insemination than that of non-pregnant ones. It was also noted that cows with a low fat/protein ratio, lactose level, and high SCC had low reticulorumen pH. They also had the lowest blood pH. It was also noted that, with the increase of reticulorumen pH, there was an increased level of blood potassium, a high hematocrit, and low sodium and carbon dioxide saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, Kaunas LT44307, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Vida Juozaitienė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, Kaunas LT44307, Lithuania;
| | - Dovilė Malašauskienė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, Kaunas LT44307, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mindaugas Televičius
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, Kaunas LT44307, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.)
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18
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Bai H, Ukita H, Kawahara M, Mitani T, Furukawa E, Yanagawa Y, Yabuuchi N, Kim H, Takahashi M. Effect of summer heat stress on gene expression in bovine uterine endometrial tissues. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13474. [PMID: 33159383 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects reproductive functions in cows. Increased temperature disturbs fetal development in utero. However, the effect of heat stress on uterine endometrial tissues has not been fully examined. Using qPCR analysis, we measured the mRNA expression of various molecular markers in uterine endometrial tissue of dairy cows from Hokkaido, Japan, in winter and summer. Markers examined were heat shock proteins (HSPs), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase 4), inflammatory cytokines, and interferon stimulated genes. Our results showed heat stress, body and milk temperatures were higher during summer than during winter. Expression levels of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP90 mRNA, and of catalase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase mRNA were lower in summer than in winter. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression was higher in summer than in winter. In conclusion, summer heat stress may reduce the expression of HSPs, affecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines in bovine uterine endometrial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Ukita
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mitani
- Field Science Center for Norther Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eri Furukawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Runa RA, Gerken M, Riek A, Brinkmann L. Boer goats physiology adaptation to saline drinking water. Res Vet Sci 2019; 129:120-128. [PMID: 31972458 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To examine the adaptive physiological responses to increasing salinity of drinking water in a choice situation, twelve female non-lactating Boer goats were used. After a control period with fresh water, in phase 2 the choice between different salt concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5% NaCl) and tap water was offered for two weeks. Subsequently, goats were stepwise habituated to saline water by only offering the choice between salted water with different increasing concentrations (up to 1.5% NaCl) for four weeks. In phase 4 the procedure of phase 2 was repeated. BW was not affected by saline water intake, whereas BCS decreased. Total water intakes differed between ages (P < .001), and increased (P < .001) from 91.6 to 118.0 g/kg BW0.82/day and from 105.5 to 142.9 g/kg BW0.82/day in young and old goats in phase 3, respectively. In adult goats, rumen temperature decreased (P < .05) with prolonged saline water intake, while it remained unaffected in young goats. Increasing consumption of saline water decreased plasma concentrations of magnesium (from 0.95 to a minimum of 0.80 mmol/L in phase 3, P < .001). Creatinine increased from 82.92 to 93.39 μmol/L in the post-trial period 4 (P < .02) and potassium concentration increased from phase 2 (P < .001). ALT, AST, glucose, urea, calcium, sodium, osmolality were unaffected. All measured blood parameters remained within reference ranges, indicating that the stepwise adaptation to saline drinking water applying concentrations up to 1.5% across 4 weeks caused no harmful effects. Young animals were less resistant to salt toxicity compared to older ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Amin Runa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Martina Gerken
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Riek
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute,Dörnbergstr. 25/27, 29223 Celle, Germany
| | - Lea Brinkmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Arai S, Okada H, Sawada H, Takahashi Y, Kimura K, Itoh T. Evaluation of ruminal motility in cattle by a bolus-type wireless sensor. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1835-1841. [PMID: 31685723 PMCID: PMC6943329 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between ruminal motility measured by a force transducer and acceleration measured by bolus sensor, and we assessed the detection of ruminal motility in cattle by a bolus-type wireless sensor. The bolus sensor can be orally administered to cattle and was placed in the reticulum for continuous measurements. The probe was almost horizontal to the longitudinal axis. The bolus sensor's basic y-axis acceleration movement appeared to have a very distinct vertical pattern, occurring roughly 1-1.5 times/min with a duration of approximately 8 sec, displaying at around 500 mG. A significant positive correlation was observed between the ruminal contraction revealed by the force transducer and the acceleration shown by the bolus sensor (P<0.01). The contraction of the dorsal sac of the rumen and the acceleration signals in the reticulum occurred at practically the same time. The frequency and amplitude of ruminal contraction demonstrated by the bolus sensor and the force transducer in feeding were significantly higher than those at rest (P<0.01). The bolus sensor could also detect ruminal atony in the cattle after the administration of xylazine. A bolus-type wireless sensor may thus be useful for the measurement of ruminal motility in cattle and for detecting rumen dysfunction (e.g., ruminal atony).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Arai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Hironao Okada
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawada
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kimura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Itoh
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
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21
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Hooper HB, Titto CG, Gonella-Diaza AM, Henrique FL, Pulido-Rodríguez LF, Longo ALS, Leme-Dos-Santos TMDC, Geraldo ACAPDM, Pereira AMF, Binelli M, Balieiro JCDC, Titto EAL. Heat loss efficiency and HSPs gene expression of Nellore cows in tropical climate conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1475-1486. [PMID: 30116935 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation is a relevant characteristic to be understood in livestock animals in order to maintain and raise productivity. In Brazil, the Nellore beef cattle are widely disseminated and well-adapted breed that present good thermoregulatory characteristics for tropical environment conditions. Conversely, the physiological and cellular mechanisms required for thermoregulation and thermotolerance in this breed are still limited. The aim of this study was to comprehend the heat loss efficiency at the whole animal level and heat shock response at the cellular level of Nellore cows in tropical climate conditions. Healthy purebred Nellore cows were classified according to their capacity to lose body heat as Efficient or Inefficient based on vaginal temperature which was continuously monitored by data-loggers. Rectal, tail, and ocular temperatures, sweating rate, and respiratory frequency were collected to assess other thermoregulatory responses. Peripheral mononuclear cells were used for gene expression of heat shock proteins 60, 70, and 90 induced by in vitro heat treatments at 38, 40, and 42 °C. In our findings, the Efficient cows presented higher sweating rates compared to Inefficient cows that presented higher rectal temperature with greater amplitude of vaginal temperature profile. Transcription of the HSP genes was stable at 38 and 40 °C and decreased for all HSP genes at 42 °C. In conclusion, the Nellore efficiency to lose heat was mainly associated with their sweating capacity and cellular thermotolerance confirmed by the maintenance of heat shock proteins transcripts under heat stress. Taken together, this knowledge contributes as a future key for genetic selection of adapted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Barbosa Hooper
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Angela Maria Gonella-Diaza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luís Henrique
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lina Fernanda Pulido-Rodríguez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Silva Longo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Thays Mayra da Cunha Leme-Dos-Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carina Alves Pereira de Mira Geraldo
- Biometeorology and Animal Welfare Laboratory, Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Manuel Franco Pereira
- Biometeorology and Animal Welfare Laboratory, Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Mario Binelli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Antonio Lencioni Titto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
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Lees AM, Sejian V, Lees JC, Sullivan ML, Lisle AT, Gaughan JB. Evaluating rumen temperature as an estimate of core body temperature in Angus feedlot cattle during summer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:939-947. [PMID: 30868342 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC) and rumen temperature (TRUM) and to assess if TRUM could be used as a proxy measure of core body temperature (TCORE) in feedlot cattle. Eighty Angus steers (388.8 ± 2.1 kg) were orally administered with rumen temperature boluses. Rumen temperatures were recorded at 10-min intervals over 128 days from all 80 steers. To define the suitability of TRUM as an estimation of TCORE, TREC were obtained from all steers at 7-day intervals (n = 16). Eight feedlot pens were used where there were 10 steers per pen (162 m2). Shade was available in each pen (1.8 m2/animal; 90% solar block). Climatic data were recorded at 30-min intervals, including ambient temperature (TA; °C); relative humidity (RH; %); wind speed (WS; m/s) and direction; solar radiation (SR; W/m2); and black globe temperature (BGT; °C). Rainfall (mm) was recorded daily at 0900 h. From these data, temperature humidity index (THI), heat load index (HLI) and accumulated heat load (AHL) were calculated. Individual 10-min TRUM data were converted to an individual hourly average. Pooled mean hourly TRUM data from the 128-day data were used to establish the diurnal rhythm of TRUM where the mean minimum (39.19 ± 0.01 °C) and mean maximum (40.04 ± 0.01 °C) were observed at 0800 h and 2000 h respectively. A partial correlation coefficient indicated that there were moderate to strong relationships between TRUM and TREC using both real-time (r = 0.55; P < 0.001) and hourly mean (r = 0.51; P < 0.001) TRUM data. The mean difference between TREC and TRUM was small using both real-time (0.16 ± 0.02 °C) and hourly mean TRUM (0.13 ± 0.02 °C) data. Data from this study supports the hypothesis that TRUM can be used as an estimate of TCORE, suggesting that TRUM can be used to measure and quantify heat load in feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
- FD McMaster Laboratory, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia.
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, India
| | - J C Lees
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - M L Sullivan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - A T Lisle
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Animal Science Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
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Ren Q, Li L, Dudu OE, Ma Y. Thermal and structural changes of pasteurized milk fat globules during storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Peng D, Chen S, Li G, Chen J, Wang J, Gu X. Infrared thermography measured body surface temperature and its relationship with rectal temperature in dairy cows under different temperature-humidity indexes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:327-336. [PMID: 30680628 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-01666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the inflection point of RT and BSTs and measure different body surface temperatures (BSTs) under different temperature-humidity index (THI) conditions. A total of 488 Holstein dairy cows were chosen to manually measure rectal temperature (RT) and BSTs including left side of eye, ear, cheek, forehead, flank, rump, fore udder, and rear udder by infrared thermography for 14 times. Those measurements included six times under high THI (THI > 78), three times under moderate THI (72 ≤ THI ≤ 78), and five times under low THI (THI < 72). Results showed that BSTs were affected by THI conditions (P < 0.01). The THI conditions where mean and maximum forehead temperatures started to increase rapidly (71.4 and 66.8) were lower than that where RT started to increase rapidly (74.1). The correlation coefficients of mean and maximum forehead temperatures to THI were 0.808 and 0.740, and were 0.557 and 0.504 to RT, all showing the highest as compared to other region temperatures with THI and RT, respectively. Thus, we conclude that BSTs are more sensitive to thermal environment than RT, suggesting the variability of BST to reflect body core temperature. In addition, the forehead is a relatively reliable region to assess the heat stress reflecting RT compared to the eye, ear, cheek, flank, rump, fore udder, and rear udder regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - S Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - G Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - X Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Cantor MC, Costa JHC, Bewley JM. Impact of Observed and Controlled Water Intake on Reticulorumen Temperature in Lactating Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8110194. [PMID: 30384430 PMCID: PMC6262428 DOI: 10.3390/ani8110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precision technologies are often integrated on dairy farms to monitor individual animal health. One precision technology used is a bolus that is inserted into a cows’ reticulorumen to monitor reticulorumen temperature. Although it is known that both water temperature and water quantity ingested are associated with changes in reticulorumen temperature, limited quantifiable research exists on the impact and magnitude of controlled water intake on reticulorumen temperature. We conducted an observational study to determine the effect of natural water ingestion on reticulorumen temperature, and performed a modified Latin square where cows were drenched with specific water quantities at specific temperatures to determine the effect of controlled water intake on reticuloruminal temperature. Our results demonstrated that water quantity and water temperature affect not only the magnitude of change in degrees in Celsius, but also how much time is required for reticulorumen temperature to return to baseline. This study provides insights in how to adjust the temperatures measures affected by water intake when using cattle reticulorumen temperature monitoring systems and how to estimate water consumption using decreases in reticulorumen temperature. Abstract Dairy precision technologies helps producers monitor individual animals. Reticulorumen temperature boluses are a way to monitor core body temperature; however, factors such as water intake affects reticulorumen temperature. This research determined the effect of natural water intake and a controlled water drench on reticulorumen temperature (RT) in dairy cattle. In observational study part 1, tie- stall cows (n = 4) with RT transponders were observed for natural water intake (recorded by in line water meters) for 48 h. In experiment part 2, a randomized Latin square design with cows (n = 12) restricted on feed for 4 h, were drenched daily with a water quantity of 6.7 L, 11.4 L or 22.7 L, and at controlled water temperature of 1.7 °C, 7.2 °C, 15.5 °C, or 29.4 °C. Descriptively, observational study 1 had (Mean ± SD 0.27 ± 0.31 L ingested per drinking event (n = 84) and RT decline from baseline was 2.29 ± 1.82 °C. For the experiment, a 48-h specific rolling baseline temperature range (BTR) was calculated for each cow prior to the experiment to determine time required for RT to reach BTR, and time to return to BTR. In part 2 of the experiment, as water quantity increased, RT had a greater maximum degree drop from baseline. Water temperature and water quantity interaction influenced time required for BTR to reestablish. The coldest water temperature at the highest drench quantity affected time for BTR to reestablish the longest (103 min). Results from this study suggest that an algorithm could be designed to predict water intake events for producers using reticulorumen temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Cantor
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, 404 Garrigus Bldg., 325 Cooper Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Joao H C Costa
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, 404 Garrigus Bldg., 325 Cooper Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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26
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Koltes JE, Koltes DA, Mote BE, Tucker J, Hubbell DS. Automated collection of heat stress data in livestock: new technologies and opportunities. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 2:319-323. [PMID: 32704715 PMCID: PMC7200501 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Dawn A Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Benny E Mote
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | - John Tucker
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.,Livestock and Forestry Research Station, Division of Agriculture, Batesville, AR
| | - Don S Hubbell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.,Livestock and Forestry Research Station, Division of Agriculture, Batesville, AR
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Antanaitis R, Žilaitis V, Juozaitienė V, Stoškus R, Televičius M. Changes in reticulorumen content temperature and pH according to time of day and yearly seasons. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 19:771-776. [PMID: 28092624 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of rumen content temperature can be useful for the evaluation of cow health condition and heat. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the circadian rhythm (time of day) and season on reticulorumen acidity (pH) and temperatures (RT) in lactating dairy cows. The research was performed on ten 2nd - lactation, clinically healthy Lithuanian Black and White fresh dairy cows (up to 1 day after calving). The cows were milked twice daily at 05:00 and 17:00. The cows were kept in a loose housing system, and were fed a feed ration throughout the year at the same time, balanced according to their physiological needs. Cow feeding took place every day at 06:00 and 18:00. The pH and temperature of the contents of cow reticulorumens were measured using specific smaXtec boluses manufactured for animal care. The temperature starts rising 6 hours after the evening feeding and milking, whereas 1 hour after the morning milking, it starts decreasing. The lowest temperature observed in the springtime was 38.81±0.001, and the highest was in autumn 39.17±0.001. The pH starts decreasing 3 hours after the morning feed, whereas 4 hours after the evening feed, it starts increasing. The lowest pH was observed in the summertime - 5.99±0.001, and the highest was in autumn and springtime - 6.18±0.001. In conclusion the reticulorumen temperature in lactating cows was found to be influenced by the circadian rhythm and season. The acidity of the reticulorumen content changes similar to the temperature. The pH of the reticulorumen contents was also found to be influenced by the circadian rhythm and season.
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28
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Aditya S, Humer E, Pourazad P, Khiaosa-Ard R, Huber J, Zebeli Q. Intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide negatively affects feed intake, chewing, and clinical variables, but some effects are stronger in cows experiencing subacute rumen acidosis. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1363-1377. [PMID: 27939552 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Feeding high-grain diets increases the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) and adversely affects rumen health. This condition might impair the responsiveness of cows when they are exposed to external infectious stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate various responses to intramammary LPS infusion in healthy dairy cows and those experimentally subjected to SARA. Eighteen early-lactating Simmental cows were subjected to SARA (n = 12) or control (CON; n = 6) feeding conditions. Cows of the control group received a diet containing 40% concentrates (DM basis) throughout the experiment. The intermittent SARA feeding regimen consisted in feeding the cows a ration with 60% concentrate (DM basis) for 32 d, consisting of a first SARA induction for 8 d, switched to the CON diet for 7 d, and re-induction during the last 17 d. On d 30 of the experiment, 6 SARA (SARA-LPS) and 6 CON (CON-LPS) cows were intramammary challenged once with a single dose of 50 μg of LPS from Escherichia coli (O26:B6), whereas the other 6 SARA cows (SARA-PLA) received 10 mL of sterile saline solution as placebo. To confirm the induction of SARA, the reticular pH was continuously monitored via wireless pH probes. The DMI remained unchanged between SARA and CON cows during the feeding experiment, but was reduced in both treatment groups receiving the LPS infusion compared with SARA-PLA, whereby a significant decline was observed for cows of the SARA-LPS treatment (-38%) compared with CON-LPS (-19%). The LPS infusion did not affect the reticuloruminal pH dynamics, but significantly enhanced ruminal temperature and negatively affected chewing behavior. The ruminal temperature increased after the LPS infusion and peaked about 1 h earlier in SARA-LPS cows compared with the cows of the CON-LPS treatment. Moreover, a significant decline in milk yield was found in SARA-LPS compared with CON-LPS following the LPS infusion. Cows receiving LPS had elevated somatic cell counts, protein, and fat contents in milk as well as decreased lactose contents and pH following the LPS infusion, whereby the changes in milk constituents were more pronounced in SARA-LPS than CON-LPS cows. Rectal temperature and pulse rate were highest 6 h after LPS infusion, but rumen contractions were not affected by the LPS infusion. The data suggest that a single intramammary LPS infusion induced fever and negatively affected feed intake, chewing activity, rectal temperature, and milk yield and composition, whereby these effects were more pronounced in SARA cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aditya
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Directorate General of Human Resource for Science, Technology, and Higher Education-Indonesia, 10270 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - E Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pourazad
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Huber
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Comparison of different measuring methods for body temperature in lactating cows under different climatic conditions. J DAIRY RES 2016; 83:165-72. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029916000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research described here was to compare different methods of body temperature (BT) measurements in dairy cows. It was hypothesised that reticular temperature (RET) values reflect the physiological status of the animals in an equivalent way to rectal (RT) and vaginal (VT) measurements. RT, VT and RET temperatures of twelve lactating Holstein–Friesian cows were measured over five consecutive days in June and October 2013. While RT and VT were manually measured three times a day, RET was automatically recorded at 10 min intervals using a bolus in the reticulum. For comparison with RT and VT, different RET values were used: single values at the respective recording times (RET-SIN), and mean (RET-MEAN) and median (RET-MED) values of 2 h prior to RT and VT measurements. Overall, body temperatures averaged 38·1 ± 0·6, 38·2 ± 0·4, 38·7 ± 0·9, 38·5 ± 0·7 and 38·7 ± 0·5 °C for RT, VT, RET-SIN, RET-MEAN and RET-MED, respectively. RT and VT were lower than all RET measurements, while RET-SIN and RET-MED were higher than RET-MEAN (P < 0·001). RET-MEAN and RET-MED values were higher in the morning, whereas RT and VT were greatest in the evening (P < 0·001). Overall, records of RT and VT were strongly correlated (r = 0·75; P < 0·001). In contrast to RET-SIN and RET-MEAN, RET-MED was higher correlated to RT and VT. In June, coefficients were higher between all methods than in October. Relation of barn T to RT and VT was stronger when compared to RET measurements. RET-SIN was higher correlated to barn T than RET-MEAN or RET-MED. Correlation between VT and barn T was strongest (r = 0·48; P < 0·001). In summary, RET-MED showed highest correlation with VT and RT. However, single RET measurements (influenced by water or feed intake) can lead to extreme variations and differences to single VT and RT values.
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Lee CN, Gebremedhin KG, Parkhurst A, Hillman PE. Placement of temperature probe in bovine vagina for continuous measurement of core-body temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2015; 59:1201-1205. [PMID: 25394394 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest to measure core-body temperature in cattle using internal probes. This study examined the placement of HOBO water temperature probe with an anchor, referred to as the "sensor pack" (Hillman et al. Appl Eng Agric ASAE 25(2):291-296, 2009) in the vagina of multiparous Holstein cows under grazing conditions. Two types of anchors were used: (a) long "fingers" (4.5-6 cm), and (b) short "fingers" (3.5 cm). The long-finger anchors stayed in one position while the short-finger anchors were not stable in one position (rotate) within the vagina canal and in some cases came out. Vaginal temperatures were recorded every minute and the data collected were then analyzed using exponential mixed model regression for non-linear data. The results showed that the core-body temperatures for the short-finger anchors were lower than the long-finger anchors. This implied that the placement of the temperature sensor within the vagina cavity may affect the data collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Anim. Sci, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA,
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31
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Castro-Costa A, Salama A, Moll X, Aguiló J, Caja G. Using wireless rumen sensors for evaluating the effects of diet and ambient temperature in nonlactating dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4646-58. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Agreement between rectal and vaginal temperature measured with temperature loggers in dairy cows. J DAIRY RES 2013; 80:240-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The overall objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between rectal (RT) and vaginal temperature (VT) measured with the same temperature loggers in dairy cows. Three experiments were conducted. The study began with a validation in vitro of 24 temperature loggers comparing them to a calibrated liquid-in-glass thermometer as a reference method. The association and agreement between the 24 temperature loggers with the reference method was r=0·996 (P<0·001) with a negligible coefficient of variance (0·005) between the loggers. In-vivo temperature loggers were tested in 11 healthy post-partum cows (Experiment 2) and 12 early post-partum cows with greater body temperature (Experiment 3). Temperature loggers were set to record VT and RT at 1-min intervals. To prevent rectal and vaginal straining and potential expulsion of temperature logger an epidural injection of 2·5 ml of 2% Procain was administered. Association between RT and VT was r=0·92 (P<0·001; Experiment 2) and r=0·94 (P<0·001; Experiment 3) with a negligible difference of −0·1 and 0·01 °C. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated agreement between RT and VT for healthy and early post-partum cows with greater body temperature in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore the intra-class correlation coefficient between RT and VT measured with identical loggers within cows of Experiments 2 and 3 also demonstrated greater agreements (P<0·001). Therefore, continuous VT monitoring with temperature loggers can be used as a measure of body temperature in dairy cows.
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Rutten CJ, Velthuis AGJ, Steeneveld W, Hogeveen H. Invited review: sensors to support health management on dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1928-1952. [PMID: 23462176 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1980s, efforts have been made to develop sensors that measure a parameter from an individual cow. The development started with individual cow recognition and was followed by sensors that measure the electrical conductivity of milk and pedometers that measure activity. The aim of this review is to provide a structured overview of the published sensor systems for dairy health management. The development of sensor systems can be described by the following 4 levels: (I) techniques that measure something about the cow (e.g., activity); (II) interpretations that summarize changes in the sensor data (e.g., increase in activity) to produce information about the cow's status (e.g., estrus); (III) integration of information where sensor information is supplemented with other information (e.g., economic information) to produce advice (e.g., whether to inseminate a cow or not); and (IV) the farmer makes a decision or the sensor system makes the decision autonomously (e.g., the inseminator is called). This review has structured a total of 126 publications describing 139 sensor systems and compared them based on the 4 levels. The publications were published in the Thomson Reuters (formerly ISI) Web of Science database from January 2002 until June 2012 or in the proceedings of 3 conferences on precision (dairy) farming in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Most studies concerned the detection of mastitis (25%), fertility (33%), and locomotion problems (30%), with fewer studies (16%) related to the detection of metabolic problems. Many studies presented sensor systems at levels I and II, but none did so at levels III and IV. Most of the work for mastitis (92%) and fertility (75%) is done at level II. For locomotion (53%) and metabolism (69%), more than half of the work is done at level I. The performance of sensor systems varies based on the choice of gold standards, algorithms, and test sizes (number of farms and cows). Studies on sensor systems for mastitis and estrus have shown that sensor systems are brought to a higher level; however, the need to improve detection performance still exists. Studies on sensor systems for locomotion problems have shown that the search continues for the most appropriate indicators, sensor techniques, and gold standards. Studies on metabolic problems show that it is still unclear which indicator reflects best the metabolic problems that should be detected. No systems with integrated decision support models have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Rutten
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - A G J Velthuis
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - W Steeneveld
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Hogeveen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Szyszka O, Tolkamp BJ, Edwards SA, Kyriazakis I. The effects of acute versus chronic health challenges on the behavior of beef cattle1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:4308-18. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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Reid ED, Fried K, Velasco JM, Dahl GE. Correlation of rectal temperature and peripheral temperature from implantable radio-frequency microchips in Holstein steers challenged with lipopolysaccharide under thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:4788-94. [PMID: 23048156 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of disease can speed treatment, slow spread of disease in a herd, and improve health status of animals. Immune stimulation increases rectal temperature (RT). Injectable radio-frequency implants (RFI) can provide temperature at the site of implantation. The fidelity of peripheral site temperature, determined by RFI, relative to RT is unknown in cattle. We hypothesized that during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, temperature at 3 peripheral sites would be similar to RT in steers (n = 4; BW 77 ± 2.1 kg). The 3 sites were 1) subcutaneous (SC) at the base of the ear (ET); 2) SC posterior to the poll (PT); and 3) SC beneath the umbilical fold (UT). Steers were housed in controlled temperature (CT) rooms (between 18 and 21°C; n = 2/room). Rectal temperature, ET, PT, and UT were recorded every 8 h daily. On d 7, 21, 22, 36, and 37, RT and RFI were taken every 5 min for 6 h, every 15 min for 3 h, and every 30 min for 15 h. To test RFI during a simulated immune challenge, LPS (E. coli 055:B5) was injected intravenously (i.v.) at 1000 h on d 22 and 37. Basal temperatures (°C) were RT (38.7 ± 0.20), ET (37.1 ± 0.86), PT (36.7 ± 0.57), and UT (36.3 ± 0.97). Rectal temperature increased to 39.9 ± 0.30°C after LPS, but ET, PT, and UT decreased. Heat stress also increases RT, which makes it difficult to identify sick animals using RT. The second hypothesis tested was that ET positively correlates to RT and negatively correlates to RT during LPS under heat stress. Four steers (127 ± 7.3 kg) were housed in CT chambers (n = 2/chamber), implanted with a RFI, and allowed 2 wk to acclimate. One chamber remained at 20°C, the other was increased to 34°C starting at 0800 h for a period of 48 h. The LPS was administered i.v. to all steers at 1000 h on d 2. After a 2-wk recovery at 20°C, the temperature was increased in the other chamber, resulting in a crossover design with each steer serving as its own control. Pearson's correlation coefficients for ET and RT were 0.30 (P < 0.01) during heat stress, 0.20 (P < 0.05) during heat stress with LPS challenge, 0.34 (P < 0.01) during thermoneutrality, and -0.42 (P < 0.01) during thermoneutrality with LPS. These data refute the hypothesis that RT and peripheral temperature move in synchrony after LPS challenge. These data suggest that individual response be considered when identifying models for use of ET, but these RFI have potential for use in the early detection of diseases that alter basal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Reid
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Burdick N, Carroll J, Dailey J, Randel R, Falkenberg S, Schmidt T. Development of a self-contained, indwelling vaginal temperature probe for use in cattle research. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kimura A, Sato S, Kato T, Ikuta K, Yamagishi N, Okada K, Mizuguchi H, Ito K. Relationship between pH and temperature in the ruminal fluid of cows, based on a radio-transmission pH-measurement system. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1023-8. [PMID: 22516695 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the relationship between pH and temperature in the ruminal bottom fluid, circadian changes were monitored using cows fed a control diet (C diet) or a rumen acidosis-inducing diet (RAI diet) by using a wireless radio-transmission pH- measurement system. These two parameters were measured simultaneously at 10-min intervals on day 14 after commencement of feeding. Compared to the mean ruminal pH for 60 min immediately after the morning feeding (0 hr), significantly lower pH was noted 3-13 hr later (P<0.05) and 4-19 hr later (P<0.01) in cows fed the C and RAI diets, respectively, although the reduction in the latter was much higher than that in the former. In contrast, significantly higher ruminal temperature was found at 8 and 12-14 hr later (P<0.05) and 6, 8, and 10-19 hr later (P<0.01) in cows fed the C and RAI diets, respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between the lowest ruminal pH and its corresponding ruminal temperature in cows fed the C and RAI diets (r=-0.722 and -0.650, P<0.01, respectively), suggesting active fermentation and volatile fatty acid production in the rumen. However, ruminal pH profiles may not be predictable by measuring only ruminal temperature because decreases in ruminal pH were preceded by increases in ruminal temperature, and circadian changes in pH and temperature were associated with ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kimura
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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