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Maigaard M, Weisbjerg MR, Hellwing ALF, Larsen M, Andersen FB, Lund P. The acute effects of rumen pulse-dosing of hydrogen acceptors during methane inhibition with nitrate or 3-nitrooxypropanol in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5681-5698. [PMID: 38608947 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Dietary methane (CH4) mitigation is in some cases associated with an increased hydrogen (H2) emission. The objective of the present study was to investigate the acute and short-term effects of acceptors for H2 (fumaric acid, acrylic acid, or phloroglucinol) supplemented via pulse-dosing to dairy cows fed CH4 mitigating diets (using nitrate or 3-nitrooxypropanol), on gas exchange, rumen gas, and VFA composition. For this purpose, 2 individual 4 × 4 Latin square experiments were conducted with 4 periods of 3 d (nitrate supplementation) and 7 d (3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation), respectively. In each study, 4 rumen-cannulated Danish Holstein cows were used. Each additive for CH4 mitigation was included in the ad libitum-fed diet within the 2 experiments (exp. 1 and exp. 2), to which the cows were adapted for at least 14 d. Acceptors for H2 were administered twice daily in equal portions through the rumen fistula immediately after feeding of the individual cow. In exp. 1 (nitrate), the treatments were CON-1 (no H2-acceptor), FUM-1 (fumaric acid), ACR-1 (acrylic acid), and FUM+ACR-1 (50% FUM-1 + 50% ACR-1). In exp. 2 (3-nitrooxypropanol), the 3 treatments, CON-2, FUM-2, and ACR-2, were similar to CON-1, FUM-1 and ACR-1 treatments, however the fourth treatment was PHL-2 (phloroglucinol). Gas exchanges were measured in respiration chambers, and samples of rumen liquid and headspace gas were taken in time series relative to feeding and dosing on specific days. Headspace gas was analyzed for gas composition, and rumen liquid was analyzed for VFA composition and dissolved gas concentrations. Headspace gas composition and dissolved gas concentration were only measured in exp. 2. Dry matter intake was reduced upon acrylic acid supplementation. There were no significant effects of any treatments in any experiments on H2 emission, except for a decrease in hourly H2 emission rate (g/h) at 1 h after feeding in both experiments. In exp. 2, H2 headspace proportions increased with ACR-2 supplementation, whereas dissolved concentrations were unaffected. In exp. 1, cows on ACR-1 increased propionate proportion at 1 h after feeding. In exp. 2, both FUM-2 and ACR-2 increased rumen propionate proportion in the hours after feeding and dosing. There was no effect on rumen acetate for cows on PHL-2. There was a strong positive correlation between rumen dissolved CH4 and headspace CH4 (r = 0.84), whereas the equivalent correlation was weaker for H2 (r = 0.41). For the relationship between dissolved concentrations and emissions of CH4 and H2, there was a moderate positive correlation for CH4 (r = 0.54), whereas it was weak for H2 (r = 0.28) with zero slope. In conclusion, the results suggested that fumaric acid and acrylic acid to some extent was reduced to propionate without associative effects on measures for H2 redirection. Furthermore, phloroglucinol seemed not to be metabolized in the rumen in the present study, because no effects on rumen acetate or measures of H2 were observed. Changes in H2 headspace and emission may be a poor proxy for actual changes in the rumen fluid concentration of H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Maigaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Larsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Freja Bylling Andersen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
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2
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Dressler EA, Bormann JM, Weaber RL, Rolf MM. Use of methane production data for genetic prediction in beef cattle: A review. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae014. [PMID: 38371425 PMCID: PMC10872685 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas that is produced and emitted from ruminant animals through enteric fermentation. Methane production from cattle has an environmental impact and is an energetic inefficiency. In the beef industry, CH4 production from enteric fermentation impacts all three pillars of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic. A variety of factors influence the quantity of CH4 produced during enteric fermentation, including characteristics of the rumen and feed composition. There are several methodologies available to either quantify or estimate CH4 production from cattle, all with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Methodologies include respiration calorimetry, the sulfur-hexafluoride tracer technique, infrared spectroscopy, prediction models, and the GreenFeed system. Published studies assess the accuracy of the various methodologies and compare estimates from different methods. There are advantages and disadvantages of each technology as they relate to the use of these phenotypes in genetic evaluation systems. Heritability and variance components of CH4 production have been estimated using the different CH4 quantification methods. Agreement in both the amounts of CH4 emitted and heritability estimates of CH4 emissions between various measurement methodologies varies in the literature. Using greenhouse gas traits in selection indices along with relevant output traits could provide producers with a tool to make selection decisions on environmental sustainability while also considering productivity. The objective of this review was to discuss factors that influence CH4 production, methods to quantify CH4 production for genetic evaluation, and genetic parameters of CH4 production in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dressler
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jennifer M Bormann
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Robert L Weaber
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Megan M Rolf
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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3
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Tang C, Yuan J, Luo C, Li D, Xie T, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Guo C, Cao Z, Li S, Wang W. Medium chain fatty acid supplementation improves animal metabolic and immune status during the transition period: A study on dairy cattle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1018867. [PMID: 36776875 PMCID: PMC9911908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1018867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition period is the stage of the high incidence of metabolic and infectious diseases in dairy cows. Improving transition dairy cows' health is crucial for the industry. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on immune function, metabolic status, performance of transition dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows randomly assigned to two treatments at 35 d before calving. 1) CON (fed the basal 2) MCFA treatment (basal diet was supplemented at an additional 20 g MCFAs mixture every day) until 70 d after calving. The results showed that the serum amyloid A myeloperoxidase concentrations in the blood of cows in MCFA treatment significantly decreased during the early lactation (from 1 d to 28 d after calving) 0.03, 0.04, respectively) compared with the CON, while the tumor necrosis factor concentration was significantly decreased at 56 d after calving (P = 0.02). In addition, the concentration of insulin in the pre-calving (from 21 d before calving to calving) blood of cows in MCFA treatment was significantly decreased (P = 0.04), and concentration of triglyceride also showed a downward trend at 28 d after calving 0.07). Meanwhile, MCFAs supplementation significantly decreased the concentrations of lithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and hyocholic acid in the blood at 1 d calving (P = 0.02, < 0.01, < 0.01, respectively), and the level of hyocholic acid taurocholic acid concentrations (P < 0.01, = 0.01, respectively) decreased dramatically at 14 d after calving. However, compared with the CON, the pre-calving dry matter intake and the early lactation milk yield in MCFA treatment were significantly decreased (P = 0.05, 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, MCFAs supplementation transition diet could improve the immune function and metabolic status of dairy cows, and the health of transition cows might be beneficial from the endocrine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlan Tang
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Luan J, Feng X, Yang D, Yang M, Zhou J, Geng C. Effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, and nutrient digestibility under low- and high-concentrate diets. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13818. [PMID: 36864691 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dosages and types of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on rumen fermentation in vitro under low- and high-concentrate diets. For this purpose, two in vitro experiments (Exp.) were conducted. In Exp. 1, the concentrate-roughage ratio of the fermentation substrate [total mixed rations (TMR), dry matter (DM) basis] was 30:70 (low-concentrate diet), while in Exp. 2, it was 70:30 (high-concentrate diet). Three types of MCFAs with octanoic acid (C8 ), capric acid (C10 ), and lauric acid (C12 ) were added accounting for 1.5%, 6%, 9%, and 15% of the in vitro fermentation substrate weight (200 mg or 1 g, DM basis) based on control group, respectively. The results showed that the addition of MCFAs all could significantly reduce methane (CH4 ) production and the number of rumen protozoa, methanogens, and methanobrevibacter under the two diets with the dosages increased (p < 0.05). In addition, MCFAs had a certain degree of improvement on rumen fermentation and influenced in vitro digestibility under low- and high-concentrate diets, and their effects were related to the dosages and types of MCFAs. This study provided a theoretical basis for the selection of types and dosages of MCFAs in ruminants production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luan
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chunyin Geng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Palangi V, Lackner M. Management of Enteric Methane Emissions in Ruminants Using Feed Additives: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243452. [PMID: 36552373 PMCID: PMC9774182 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminants' metabolism, a surplus of hydrogen is removed from the reduction reaction of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) by the formation of methane by methanogenic bacteria and archaea methanogens. The balance of calculations between VFA (volatile fatty acids), CO2, and CH4 indicates that acetate and butyrate play a role in methane production, while the formation of propionate maintains hydrogen and therefore reduces methane production. CH4 formation in ruminant livestock is not desired because it reduces feed efficiency and contributes to global warming. Therefore, numerous strategies have been investigated to mitigate methane production in ruminants. This review focuses on feed additives which have the capability of reducing methane emissions in ruminants. Due to the environmental importance of methane emissions, such studies are needed to make milk and meat production more sustainable. Additionally, the additives which have no adverse effects on rumen microbial population and where the reduction effects are a result of their hydrogen sink property, are the best reduction methods. Methane inhibitors have shown such a property in most cases. More work is needed to bring methane-reducing agents in ruminant diets to full market maturity, so that farmers can reap feed cost savings and simultaneously achieve environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Circe Biotechnologie GmbH, Kerpengasse 125, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.L.)
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Sari NF, Ray P, Rymer C, Kliem KE, Stergiadis S. Garlic and Its Bioactive Compounds: Implications for Methane Emissions and Ruminant Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2998. [PMID: 36359121 PMCID: PMC9654579 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and has become a significant concern for global warming. Enteric methane emission is also associated with poor feed efficiency. Therefore, research has focused on identifying dietary mitigation strategies to decrease CH4 emissions from ruminants. In recent years, plant-derived bioactive compounds have been investigated for their potential to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock. The organosulphur compounds of garlic have been observed to decrease CH4 emission and increase propionate concentration in anaerobic fermentations (in vitro) and in the rumen (in vivo). However, the mode of action of CH4 reduction is not completely clear, and the response in vivo is inconsistent. It might be affected by variations in the concentration and effect of individual substances in garlic. The composition of the diet that is being fed to the animal may also contribute to these differences. This review provides a summary of the effect of garlic and its bioactive compounds on CH4 emissions by ruminants. Additionally, this review aims to provide insight into garlic and its bioactive compounds in terms of enteric CH4 mitigation efficacy, consistency in afficacy, possible mode of action, and safety deriving data from both in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Fitri Sari
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Partha Ray
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Caroline Rymer
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Kirsty E. Kliem
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
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Li Z, Lei X, Chen X, Yin Q, Shen J, Yao J. Long-term and combined effects of N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide and fumaric acid on methane production, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in dairy goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:125. [PMID: 34865657 PMCID: PMC8647438 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, nitrooxy compounds have been identified as promising inhibitors of methanogenesis in ruminants. However, when animals receive a nitrooxy compound, a high portion of the spared hydrogen is eructated as gas, which partly offsets the energy savings of CH4 mitigation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term and combined effects of supplementation with N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide (NPD), a methanogenesis inhibitor, and fumaric acid (FUM), a hydrogen sink, on enteric CH4 production, rumen fermentation, bacterial populations, apparent nutrient digestibility, and lactation performance of dairy goats. RESULTS Twenty-four primiparous dairy goats were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: supplementation without or with FUM (32 g/d) or NPD (0.5 g/d). All samples were collected every 3 weeks during a 12-week feeding experiment. Both FUM and NPD supplementation persistently inhibited CH4 yield (L/kg DMI, by 18.8% and 18.1%, respectively) without negative influence on DMI or apparent nutrient digestibility. When supplemented in combination, no additive CH4 suppression was observed. FUM showed greater responses in increasing the molar proportion of propionate when supplemented with NPD than supplemented alone (by 10.2% vs. 4.4%). The rumen microbiota structure in the animals receiving FUM was different from that of the other animals, particularly changed the structure of phylum Firmicutes. Daily milk production and serum total antioxidant capacity were improved by NPD, but the contents of milk fat and protein were decreased, probably due to the bioactivity of absorbed NPD on body metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Supplementing NPD and FUM in combination is a promising way to persistently inhibit CH4 emissions with a higher rumen propionate proportion. However, the side effects of this nitrooxy compound on animals and its residues in animal products need further evaluation before it can be used as an animal feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Ortiz-Chura A, Gere J, Marcoppido G, Depetris G, Cravero S, Faverín C, Pinares-Patiño C, Cataldi A, Cerón-Cucchi ME. Dynamics of the ruminal microbial ecosystem, and inhibition of methanogenesis and propiogenesis in response to nitrate feeding to Holstein calves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1205-1218. [PMID: 34754962 PMCID: PMC8556761 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is known that nitrate inhibits ruminal methanogenesis, mainly through competition with hydrogenotrophic methanogens for available hydrogen (H2) and also through toxic effects on the methanogens. However, there is limited knowledge about its effects on the others members of ruminal microbiota and their metabolites. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary nitrate inclusion on enteric methane (CH4) emission, temporal changes in ruminal microbiota, and fermentation in Holstein calves. Eighteen animals were maintained in individual pens for 45 d. Animals were randomly allocated to either a control (CTR) or nitrate (NIT, containing 15 g of calcium nitrate/kg dry matter) diets. Methane emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer method. Ruminal microbiota changes and ruminal fermentation were evaluated at 0, 4, and 8 h post-feeding. In this study, feed dry matter intake (DMI) did not differ between dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Diets containing NIT reduced CH4 emissions by 27% (g/d) and yield by 21% (g/kg DMI) compared to the CTR (P < 0.05). The pH values and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration did not differ between dietary treatments (P > 0.05) but differed with time, and post-feeding (P < 0.05). Increases in the concentrations of ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) and acetate were observed, whereas propionate decreased at 4 h post-feeding with the NIT diet (P < 0.05). Feeding the NIT diet reduced the populations of total bacteria, total methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and the abundance of Succiniclasticum, Coprococcus, Treponema, Shuttlewortia, Succinivibrio, Sharpea, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Selenomona (P < 0.05); whereas, the population of total fungi, protozoa, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Atopobium and Erysipelotrichaceae L7A_E11 increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding nitrate reduces enteric CH4 emissions and the methanogens population, whereas it decreases the propionate concentration and the abundance of bacteria involved in the succinate and acrylate pathways. Despite the altered fermentation profile and ruminal microbiota, DMI was not influenced by dietary nitrate. These findings suggest that nitrate has a predominantly direct effect on the reduction of methanogenesis and propionate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimael Ortiz-Chura
- Institute of Pathobiology, CICVyA National Institute of Agricultural Technology, IPVet, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, C1686, Argentina
| | - José Gere
- Engineering Research and Development Division, National Technological University (UTN), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1179, Argentina
| | - Gisela Marcoppido
- Institute of Pathobiology, CICVyA National Institute of Agricultural Technology, IPVet, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, C1686, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Depetris
- Agricultural Experimental Station of Balcarce, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Balcarce, B7620, Argentina
| | - Silvio Cravero
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology, IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Hurlingham, C1686, Argentina
| | - Claudia Faverín
- Agricultural Experimental Station of Balcarce, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Balcarce, B7620, Argentina
| | - Cesar Pinares-Patiño
- The Agribusiness Group, Lincoln University, PO Box 85016, Lincoln, 7674, New Zealand
| | - Angel Cataldi
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology, IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Hurlingham, C1686, Argentina
| | - María E Cerón-Cucchi
- Institute of Pathobiology, CICVyA National Institute of Agricultural Technology, IPVet, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, C1686, Argentina
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9
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Almeida AK, Hegarty RS, Cowie A. Meta-analysis quantifying the potential of dietary additives and rumen modifiers for methane mitigation in ruminant production systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1219-1230. [PMID: 34754963 PMCID: PMC8556609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly countries are seeking to reduce emission of greenhouse gases from the agricultural industries, and livestock production in particular, as part of their climate change management. While many reviews update progress in mitigation research, a quantitative assessment of the efficacy and performance-consequences of nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants has been lacking. A meta-analysis was conducted based on 108 refereed papers from recent animal studies (2000–2020) to report effects on CH4 production, CH4 yield and CH4 emission intensity from 8 dietary interventions. The interventions (oils, microalgae, nitrate, ionophores, protozoal control, phytochemicals, essential oils and 3-nitrooxypropanol). Of these, macroalgae and 3-nitrooxypropanol showed greatest efficacy in reducing CH4 yield (g CH4/kg of dry matter intake) at the doses trialled. The confidence intervals derived for the mitigation efficacies could be applied to estimate the potential to reduce national livestock emissions through the implementation of these dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Almeida
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Roger S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Annette Cowie
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,NSW Department of Primary Industries, Trevenna Rd, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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10
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Hassanat F, Benchaar C. Corn silage-based diet supplemented with increasing amounts of linseed oil: Effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and milk production of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5375-5390. [PMID: 33663815 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the effects of increasing amounts of linseed oil (LSO) in corn silage-based diets on enteric CH4 production, rumen fermentation characteristics, protozoal population, nutrient digestibility, N utilization, and milk production. For this purpose, 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows (84 ± 28 d in milk; mean ± SD) fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design (35-d period). The cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration without supplementation (control) or supplemented [on a dry matter (DM) basis] with LSO at 2% (LSO2), 3% (LSO3) or 4% (LSO4). The forage:concentrate ratio was 61:39 (on DM basis) and was similar among the experimental diets. The forage portion consisted of corn silage (58% diet DM) and timothy hay (3% diet DM). The proportions of soybean meal, corn grain and soybean hulls decreased as the amount of LSO in the diet increased. Daily methane production (g/d) decreased quadratically as the amount of LSO increased in the diet. Increasing LSO dietary supplementation caused a linear decrease in CH4 emissions expressed on either DM intake (DMI) basis (-9, -20, and -28%, for LSO2, LSO3, and LSO4, respectively) or gross energy intake basis (-12, -22, and -31%, for LSO2, LSO3, and LSO4, respectively). At 2 and 3% LSO, the decrease in enteric CH4 emissions occurred without negatively affecting DMI or apparent total-tract digestibility of fiber and without changing protozoa numbers. However, these 2 diets caused a shift in volatile fatty acids pattern toward less acetate and more propionate. The effect of the LSO4 diet on enteric CH4 emissions was associated with a decrease in DMI, fiber apparent-total-tract digestibility, protozoa numbers (total and genera), and an increase in propionate proportion at the expense of acetate and butyrate proportions. Methane emission intensity [g of CH4/kg of energy-corrected milk (ECM)] decreased linearly (up to 28% decrease) with increasing LSO level in the diet. Milk fat yield decreased linearly (up to 19% decrease) with increasing inclusion of LSO in the diet. Milk protein yield increased at 2% or 3% LSO and decreased to the same level as that of the nonsupplemented diet at 4% LSO (quadratic effect). Yield of ECM was unchanged by LSO2 and LSO3 treatments but decreased (-2.8 kg/d) upon supplementation with 4% LSO (quadratic effect). Efficiency of milk production (kg ECM/kg DMI) was unaffected by the 3 levels of LSO. Ruminal NH3 concentration was quadratically affected by LSO supplementation; decreasing only at the highest level of LSO supplementation. The amount (g/d) of N excreted in feces and urine decreased linearly and quadratically, respectively, as the amount of LSO increased in the diet, mainly because of the reduction in N intake. Efficiency of dietary N used for milk N secretion increased linearly with increasing LSO supplementation in the diet. We conclude that supplementing corn silage-based diets with 2 or 3% of LSO can reduce enteric CH4 emissions up by to 20% without impairing animal productivity (i.e., ECM yield and feed efficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hassanat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
| | - C Benchaar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8.
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Honan M, Feng X, Tricarico J, Kebreab E. Feed additives as a strategic approach to reduce enteric methane production in cattle: modes of action, effectiveness and safety. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Boland TM, Pierce KM, Kelly AK, Kenny DA, Lynch MB, Waters SM, Whelan SJ, McKay ZC. Feed Intake, Methane Emissions, Milk Production and Rumen Methanogen Populations of Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Various C 18 Fatty Acid Sources. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2380. [PMID: 33322624 PMCID: PMC7764364 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emissions of methane (CH4) from dairy production systems are environmentally detrimental and represent an energy cost to the cow. This study evaluated the effect of varying C18 fatty acid sources on CH4 emissions, milk production and rumen methanogen populations in grazing lactating dairy cows. Forty-five Holstein Friesian cows were randomly allocated to one of three treatments (n = 15). Cows were offered 15 kg dry matter (DM)/d of grazed pasture plus supplementary concentrates (4 kg DM/d) containing either stearic acid (SA), linseed oil (LO), or soy oil (SO). Cows offered LO and SO had lower pasture DM intake (DMI) than those offered SA (11.3, 11.5 vs. 12.6 kg/d). Cows offered LO and SO had higher milk yield (21.0, 21.3 vs. 19.7 kg/d) and milk protein yield (0.74, 0.73 vs. 0.67 kg/d) than those offered SA. Emissions of CH4 (245 vs. 293, 289 g/d, 12.4 vs. 15.7, 14.8 g/kg of milk and 165 vs. 207, 195 g/kg of milk solids) were lower for cows offered LO than those offered SA or SO. Methanobrevibacter ruminantium abundance was reduced in cows offered LO compared to SA. Offering supplementary concentrates containing LO can reduce enteric CH4 emissions from pasture fed dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy M. Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (K.M.P.); (A.K.K.); (M.B.L.); (Z.C.M.)
| | - Karina M. Pierce
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (K.M.P.); (A.K.K.); (M.B.L.); (Z.C.M.)
| | - Alan K. Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (K.M.P.); (A.K.K.); (M.B.L.); (Z.C.M.)
| | - David A. Kenny
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, C15 PW93, Ireland; (D.A.K.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Mary B. Lynch
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (K.M.P.); (A.K.K.); (M.B.L.); (Z.C.M.)
| | - Sinéad M. Waters
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, C15 PW93, Ireland; (D.A.K.); (S.M.W.)
| | | | - Zoe C. McKay
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (K.M.P.); (A.K.K.); (M.B.L.); (Z.C.M.)
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Coppa M, Jurquet J, Eugène M, Dechaux T, Rochette Y, Lamy JM, Ferlay A, Martin C. Repeatability and ranking of long-term enteric methane emissions measurement on dairy cows across diets and time using GreenFeed system in farm-conditions. Methods 2020; 186:59-67. [PMID: 33253811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this work were to study on dairy farm conditions: i) the repeatability of long-term enteric CH4 emissions measurement from lactating dairy cows using GreenFeed (GF); ii) the ranking of dairy cows according to their CH4 emissions across diets. Forty-five Holstein lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to 3 equivalent groups at the beginning of their lactation. The experiment was composed of 3 successive periods: i) pre-experimental period (weeks 1 to 5) in which all cows received a common diet; ii) a dietary treatment transition period (weeks 6 to 10); and iii) an experimental period (weeks 11 to 26) in which each group was fed a different diet. Experimental diets were formulated to generate more or less CH4 production: i) a diet based on ryegrass silage and concentrates, low in starch and lipid, designed to induce high CH4 emissions (CH4+); ii) a diet based on maize silage and concentrates, rich in starch, designed to induce intermediate CH4 emissions (CH4int); iii) a diet based on maize silage and concentrates, rich in starch and lipid, designed to induce low CH4 emissions (CH4-). Gas emissions were individually measured using GF systems. Repeatability of gas emissions, dry matter intake (DMI) and dairy performances measurements was calculated from data averaged over 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks for each animal. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to rank individual animals according to their CH4 emissions. No significant differences were observed for daily CH4 emissions (g/day) among diets, because of lower DMI of CH4+ cows. When CH4 emissions were referred to units of DMI or milk, the differences among diets emerged as significant and persistent over the observed period of lactation. Repeatability values of gas emissions measurements were higher than 0.7 averaged over 8 weeks of measurement, but still higher than 0.6 for CH4 g/day, CO2 g/day, CH4 g/kg milk, and CH4/CO2 even averaging only 2 weeks of measurement. The repeatability of CH4 emissions measurement was systematically lower than those of DMI or dairy performance parameters, like milk and FPCM yield, irrespective of the averaged measurement period. The dairy cow ranking was not stable over time between all individuals or within any of the diets. In our experimental conditions, the GF performance in the long term can be considered reliable in differentiating dairy herds by their CH4 emissions according to diets with different methanogenic potential, but did not allow the ranking of individual dairy cows within a same diet. Our data highlight the importance of phenotyping animals across environment in which they will be expected to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Coppa
- Independent researcher at Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Julien Jurquet
- Institut de l'Elevage, 42 rue Georges Morel CS 60057, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Maguy Eugène
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Terrence Dechaux
- Institut de l'Elevage, Maison Nationale des Eleveurs - 149 Rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Yvanne Rochette
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lamy
- Ferme expérimentale des Trinottières, 49140 Montreuil-sur-Loir, France
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Cécile Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Methane Emissions and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Dairy Cows Fed Linseed, Measured at the Group Level in a Naturally Ventilated Housing and Individually in Respiration Chambers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061091. [PMID: 32599809 PMCID: PMC7341325 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cows emit the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) as a result of microbial feed digestion. Methane emissions can be reduced by adopting nutritional strategies, such as dietary supplementation of linseed. Additionally, the oil in linseed increases the proportion of favorable fatty acids in milk fat. This study evaluated the effect of linseed on CH4 emission and milk fatty acid composition measured in a group of cows in a naturally ventilated barn and in individual cows in respiration chambers. The substantially higher proportions of favorable fatty acids in the milk of linseed-fed cows were detected in individual milk samples and in the milk of the herd. Therefore, the analysis of bulk milk could be a suitable control instrument for retailers. Visualizing the course of CH4 emissions over a whole day showed slightly lower CH4 values in linseed-supplemented individuals and groups. However, we found no significant reduction of CH4 as a result of linseed supplementation. Feed supplements in concentrations that are effective in reducing CH4 must show whether the reduction potential is comparable when determined at the group and individual levels. Abstract The present study evaluated the effects of linseed supplementation on CH4 emission and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows measured at the group level in an experimental dairy loose housing using a tracer gas technique and individually in tied stalls and respiration chambers. Cows (2 × 20) were maintained in two separate sections under loose-housing conditions and received a diet supplemented with extruded linseed (L) lipids (29 g·kg−1 dry matter) or a control (C) diet containing corn flour. Subsequently, 2 × 6 cows per dietary group were investigated in a tied-housing system and respiration chambers. Substantially higher proportions of favorable milk fatty acids were recovered in L cows when compared with C cows at the group level, making the analysis of bulk milk a suitable control instrument for retailers. Linseed supplementation resulted in a slightly lower diurnal course of CH4 emission intensity than the control at the group and individual levels. However, we found no more than a trend for a CH4 mitigating effect, unlike in other studies supplementing similar linseed lipid levels. Feed supplements in concentrations that lead to a significant reduction in CH4 emissions must show whether the reduction potential determined at the group and individual levels is comparable.
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Abomasally infused SFA with varying chain length differently affect milk production and composition and alter hepatic and mammary gene expression in lactating cows. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:386-395. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the effects of post-ruminally infused fat supplements, varying in fatty acid (FA) chain length, on animal performance, metabolism and milk FA. Eleven multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design with 7-d periods, separated by 7-d washouts. Treatments were administered as abomasal infusions of enrichments providing 280 g/d of FA: (1) palmitic acid (98·4 % 16 : 0; PA), (2) caprylic and capric acids (56·2 % 8 : 0, 43·8 % 10 : 0; medium-chain TAG (MCT)) and (3) stearic acid (99·0 % 18 : 0; SA). Relative to PA, SA decreased the efficiency of fat-corrected milk production, which was associated with a tendency for higher DM intake and lower FA absorption with SA, whereas MCT was not different from PA for these variables. Milk fat concentration and yield were increased by PA relative to SA, but only fat yield tended to be greater relative to MCT. Relative to PA, MCT increased milk fat concentration of FA < 16 C, whereas SA increased FA > 16 C. Expression of mammary stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 was lower with SA than with PA. Relative to PA, liver expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-1 and pyruvate kinase was increased with MCT, whereas expression of these genes tended to be increased by SA. The mechanism of increased fat secretion with PA does not seem to be related to a modulation of the expression of lipogenesis-related genes, but rather to increased substrate availability as reflected by milk FA profile.
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van Gastelen S, Dijkstra J, Bannink A. Are dietary strategies to mitigate enteric methane emission equally effective across dairy cattle, beef cattle, and sheep? J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6109-6130. [PMID: 31079901 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The digestive physiology of ruminants is sufficiently different (e.g., with respect to mean retention time of digesta, digestibility of the feed offered, digestion, and fermentation characteristics) that caution is needed before extrapolating results from one type of ruminant to another. The objectives of the present study were (1) to provide an overview of some essential differences in rumen physiology between dairy cattle, beef cattle, and sheep that are related to methane (CH4) emission; and (2) to evaluate whether dietary strategies to mitigate CH4 emission with various modes of action are equally effective in dairy cattle, beef cattle, and sheep. A literature search was performed using Web of Science and Scopus, and 94 studies were selected from the literature. Per study, the effect size of the dietary strategies was expressed as a proportion (%) of the control level of CH4 emission, as this enabled a comparison across ruminant types. Evaluation of the literature indicated that the effectiveness of forage-related CH4 mitigation strategies, including feeding more highly digestible grass (herbage or silage) or replacing different forage types with corn silage, differs across ruminant types. These strategies are most effective for dairy cattle, are effective for beef cattle to a certain extent, but seem to have minor or no effects in sheep. In general, the effectiveness of other dietary mitigation strategies, including increased concentrate feeding and feed additives (e.g., nitrate), appeared to be similar for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and sheep. We concluded that if the mode of action of a dietary CH4 mitigation strategy is related to ruminant-specific factors, such as feed intake or rumen physiology, the effectiveness of the strategy differs across ruminant types, whereas if the mode of action is associated with methanogenesis-related fermentation pathways, the strategy is effective across ruminant types. Hence, caution is needed when translating effectiveness of dietary CH4 mitigation strategies across different ruminant types or production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne van Gastelen
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Judy J, Bachman G, Brown-Brandl T, Fernando S, Hales K, Miller P, Stowell R, Kononoff P. Reducing methane production with corn oil and calcium sulfate: Responses on whole-animal energy and nitrogen balance in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2054-2067. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Moate PJ, Williams SRO, Deighton MH, Hannah MC, Ribaux BE, Morris GL, Jacobs JL, Hill J, Wales WJ. Effects of feeding wheat or corn and of rumen fistulation on milk production and methane emissions of dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been little research that has quantified methane (CH4) yields when dairy cows consume diets containing wheat grain. Furthermore, although rumen-fistulated animals have been used in many experiments concerned with measuring CH4 emissions, no research has examined the effect of rumen fistulation on in vivo CH4 emissions and yield. This experiment examined the effects of including either wheat or corn grain in the diet and the effects of rumen fistulation on yields of milk and milk components, CH4 emissions, yields, and intensities. Eight rumen-fistulated and six non-fistulated Holstein dairy cows in late lactation were offered a wheat-based diet (WHT) and a corn-based diet (CRN) in a crossover design. For the WHT diet, cows were offered daily, 22.4 kg DM containing 45.5% lucerne hay, 8.9% canola meal, 0.5% mineral mix, 0.5% molasses powder and 44.6% rolled wheat. The CRN diet was similar to the WHT diet except that rolled corn replaced the wheat. There was no difference between the WHT and CRN diets on mean milk yields (27.8 vs 27.9 kg/day), but the WHT diet substantially reduced milk fat concentration (2.76 vs 4.23%) and milk fat yield (0.77 vs 1.18 kg/day). Methane emissions (218 vs 424 g/day), CH4 yield (11.1 vs 19.5 g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 intensity (7.6 vs 15.7 g/kg milk) were all reduced ~45% by the WHT diet compared with the CRN diet. Rumen fistulation did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition or CH4 emissions, but decreased CH4 yield and intensity. Including wheat in the diet of dairy cows has the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, rumen fistulation was associated with a small reduction in CH4 yield and intensity, and this should be considered when using rumen-fistulated cows in research concerned with CH4 emissions.
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Rossi G, Schiavon S, Lomolino G, Cipolat-Gotet C, Simonetto A, Bittante G, Tagliapietra F. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) fed to dairy cows does not modify the cheese-making properties of milk but affects the color, texture, and flavor of ripened cheese. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2005-2015. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li Z, Liu N, Cao Y, Jin C, Li F, Cai C, Yao J. Effects of fumaric acid supplementation on methane production and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:21. [PMID: 29449940 PMCID: PMC5806233 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In rumen fermentation, fumaric acid (FA) could competitively utilize hydrogen with methanogenesis to enhance propionate production and suppress methane emission, but both effects were diet-dependent. This study aimed to explore the effects of FA supplementation on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size. Methods Four rumen-cannulated goats were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: low or high ratio of forage particle size: concentrate particle size (Fps:Cps), without or with FA supplementation (24 g/d). Fps:Cps was higher in the diet with chopped alfalfa hay plus ground corn than in that with ground alfalfa hay plus crushed corn. Results Both increasing dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation shifted ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) patterns toward more propionate and less acetate in goats. An interaction between dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation was observed for the ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P), which was more predominant when FA was supplemented in the low-Fps:Cps diet. Methane production was reduced by FA, and the reduction was larger in the low-Fps:Cps diet (31.72%) than in the high-Fps:Cps diet (17.91%). Fumaric acid decreased ruminal total VFA concentration and increased ruminal pH. No difference was found in ruminal DM degradation of concentrate or alfalfa hay by dietary Fps:Cps or FA. Goats presented a lower ruminal methanogen abundance with FA supplementation and a higher B. fibrisolvens abundance with high dietary Fps:Cps. Conclusions Adjusting dietary Fps:Cps is an alternative dietary model for studying diet-dependent effects without changing dietary chemical composition. Fumaric acid supplementation in the low-Fps:Cps diet showed greater responses in methane mitigation and propionate increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjun Li
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Nannan Liu
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Chunjia Jin
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Fei Li
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China.,2College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Junhu Yao
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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Henderson G, Cook GM, Ronimus RS. Enzyme- and gene-based approaches for developing methanogen-specific compounds to control ruminant methane emissions: a review. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methane emissions from ruminants are of worldwide concern due to their potential to adversely affect climate patterns. Methane emissions can be mitigated in several ways, including dietary manipulation, the use of alternative hydrogen sinks, and by the direct inhibition of methanogens. In the present review, we summarise and emphasise studies where defined chemically synthesised compounds have been used to mitigate ruminant methane emissions by direct targeting of methanogens and discuss the future potential of such inhibitors. We also discuss experiments, where methanogen-specific enzymes and pure cultures of methanobacterial species have been used to aid development of inhibitors. Application of certain compounds can result in dramatic reductions of methane emissions from ruminant livestock, demonstrating ‘proof of principle’ of chemical inhibitors of methanogenesis. More recently, genome sequencing of rumen methanogens has enabled an in-depth analysis of the enzymatic pathways required for methane formation. Chemogenomic methods, similar to those used in the fight against cancer and infectious diseases, can now be used to specifically target a pathway or enzyme in rumen methanogens. However, few rumen methanogen enzymes have been structurally or biochemically characterised. Any compound, whether natural or man-made, that is used as a mitigation strategy will need to be non-toxic to the host animal (and humans), cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and not accumulate in host tissues or milk products. Chemically synthesised inhibitors offer potentially significant advantages, including high levels of sustained inhibition, the ability to be easily and rapidly produced for global markets, and have the potential to be incorporated into slow-release vehicles for grazing animals.
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Bittante G, Cecchinato A, Schiavon S. Dairy system, parity, and lactation stage affect enteric methane production, yield, and intensity per kilogram of milk and cheese predicted from gas chromatography fatty acids. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1752-1766. [PMID: 29224867 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants (and milk production) contribute to global climate change through enteric methane emissions (EME), and any attempt to reduce them is complicated by the fact that they are difficult and expensive to measure directly. In the case of dairy cows, a promising indirect method of estimating EME is to use the milk fatty acid profile as a proxy, as a relationship exists between microbial activity in the rumen and the molecules available for milk synthesis in the mammary gland. In the present study, we analyzed the detailed fatty acid profiles (through gas chromatography) of a large number of milk samples from 1,158 Brown Swiss cows reared on 85 farms with the aim of testing in the field 2 equations for estimating EME taken from a published meta-analysis. The average estimated methane yield (CH4 emission per kg of dry matter intake, 21.34 ± 1.60 g/kg) and methane intensity (per kg of corrected milk, 14.17 ± 1.78 g/kg), and the derived methane production (CH4 emissions per day per cow, 357 ± 109 g/d) were similar to those previously published. Using data from model cheese makings from individual cows, we also calculated estimated methane intensity per kilogram of fresh cheese (99.7 ± 16.4 g/kg) and cheese solids (207.5 ± 30.9 g/kg). Dairy system affected all EME estimates. Traditional dairy farms, and modern farms including corn silage in the TMR exhibited greater estimated methane intensities. We found very wide variability in estimated EME traits among different farms within dairy system (0.33 to 0.61 of total variance), suggesting the need to modify the farms' feeding regimens and management practices to mitigate emissions. Among the individual factors, parity order affected all estimated EME traits excepted methane yield, with an increase from first lactation to the following ones. Lactation stage exhibited more favorable estimated EME traits during early lactation, concomitant with the availability of nutrients from body tissue mobilization for mammary synthesis of milk. Our results showed a coherence between the EME traits estimated from the analysis of milk fatty acids and the expectations according to current knowledge. Further research is needed to validate the results obtained in this study in other breeds and populations, to assess the magnitude of the genetic variation and the potential of these phenotypes to be exploited in breeding programs with the aim to mitigate emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Rajaraman B, Seol YJ, Oh YK, Chang SS, Kim JG, Nam IS, Kim KH. Effects of caprylic acid and β-cyclodextrin complexes on digestibility, energy balance, and methane production in Korean Hanwoo heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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van Gastelen S, Visker M, Edwards J, Antunes-Fernandes E, Hettinga K, Alferink S, Hendriks W, Bovenhuis H, Smidt H, Dijkstra J. Linseed oil and DGAT1 K232A polymorphism: Effects on methane emission, energy and nitrogen metabolism, lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbial composition of Holstein-Friesian cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8939-8957. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Doreau M, Arturo‐Schaan M, Laverroux S. Garlic oil reduces ruminal fatty acid biohydrogenation in vitro. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Doreau
- Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les HerbivoresINRASaint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | | | - Sophie Laverroux
- Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les HerbivoresINRASaint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
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Changes in in vitro gas and methane production from rumen fluid from dairy cows during adaptation to feed additives in vivo. Animal 2016; 11:591-599. [PMID: 27748233 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of dairy cows to methane (CH4)-mitigating feed additives was evaluated using the in vitro gas production (GP) technique. Nine rumen-fistulated lactating Holstein cows were grouped into three blocks and within blocks randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: Control (CON; no feed additive), Agolin Ruminant® (AR; 0.05 g/kg dry matter (DM)) or lauric acid (LA; 30 g/kg DM). Total mixed rations composed of maize silage, grass silage and concentrate were fed in a 40 : 30 : 30 ratio on DM basis. Rumen fluid was collected from each cow at days -4, 1, 4, 8, 15 and 22 relative to the introduction of the additives in the diets. On each of these days, a 48-h GP experiment was performed in which rumen fluid from each individual donor cow was incubated with each of the three substrates that reflected the treatment diets offered to the cows. DM intake was on average 19.8, 20.1 and 16.2 kg/day with an average fat- and protein-corrected milk production of 30.7, 31.7 and 26.2 kg/day with diet CON, AR and LA, respectively. In general, feed additives in the donor cow diet had a larger effect on gas and CH4 production than the same additives in the incubation substrate. Incubation substrate affected asymptotic GP, half-time of asymptotic CH4 production, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, molar proportions of propionate and butyrate and degradation of organic matter (OMD), but did not affect CH4 production. No substrate×day interactions were observed. A significant diet×day interaction was observed for in vitro gas and CH4 production, total VFA concentration, molar proportions of VFA and OMD. From day 4 onwards, the LA diet persistently reduced gas and CH4 production, total VFA concentration, acetate molar proportion and OMD, and increased propionate molar proportion. In vitro CH4 production was reduced by the AR diet on day 8, but not on days 15 and 22. In line with these findings, the molar proportion of propionate in fermentation fluid was greater, and that of acetate smaller, for the AR diet than for the CON diet on day 8, but not on days 15 and 22. Overall, the data indicate a short-term effect of AR on CH4 production, whereas the CH4-mitigating effect of LA persisted.
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Appuhamy JADRN, France J, Kebreab E. Models for predicting enteric methane emissions from dairy cows in North America, Europe, and Australia and New Zealand. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:3039-56. [PMID: 27148862 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There are several models in the literature for predicting enteric methane (CH4 ) emissions. These models were often developed on region or country-specific data and may not be able to predict the emissions successfully in every region. The majority of extant models require dry matter intake (DMI) of individual animals, which is not routinely measured. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate performance of extant models in predicting enteric CH4 emissions from dairy cows in North America (NA), Europe (EU), and Australia and New Zealand (AUNZ) and (ii) explore the performance using estimated DMI. Forty extant models were challenged on 55, 105, and 52 enteric CH4 measurements (g per lactating cow per day) from NA, EU, and AUNZ, respectively. The models were ranked using root mean square prediction error as a percentage of the average observed value (RMSPE) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). A modified model of Nielsen et al. (Acta Agriculturae Scand Section A, 63, 2013 and 126) using DMI, and dietary digestible neutral detergent fiber and fatty acid contents as predictor variables, were ranked highest in NA (RMSPE = 13.1% and CCC = 0.78). The gross energy intake-based model of Yan et al. (Livestock Production Science, 64, 2000 and 253) and the updated IPCC Tier 2 model were ranked highest in EU (RMSPE = 11.0% and CCC = 0.66) and AUNZ (RMSPE = 15.6% and CCC = 0.75), respectively. DMI of cows in NA and EU was estimated satisfactorily with body weight and fat-corrected milk yield data (RMSPE < 12.0% and CCC > 0.60). Using estimated DMI, the Nielsen et al. (2013) (RMSPE = 12.7 and CCC = 0.79) and Yan et al. (2000) (RMSPE = 13.7 and CCC = 0.50) models still predicted emissions in respective regions well. Enteric CH4 emissions from dairy cows can be predicted successfully (i.e., RMSPE < 15%), if DMI can be estimated with reasonable accuracy (i.e., RMSPE < 10%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James France
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Jayasundara S, Ranga Niroshan Appuhamy J, Kebreab E, Wagner-Riddle C. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian dairy farms and mitigation options: An updated review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review examined methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation strategies for Canadian dairy farms. The primary focus was research conducted in Canada and cold climatic regions with similar dairy systems. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the impact of a given strategy when sufficient data were available. Results indicated that options to reduce enteric CH4from dairy cows were increasing the dietary starch content and dietary lipid supplementation. Replacing barley or alfalfa silage with corn silage with higher starch content decreased enteric CH4per unit of milk by 6%. Increasing dietary lipids from 3% to 6% of dry matter (DM) reduced enteric CH4yield by 9%. Strategies such as nitrate supplementation and 3-nitrooxypropanol additive indicated potential for reducing enteric CH4by about 30% but require extensive research on toxicology and consumer acceptance. Strategies to reduce emissions from manure are anaerobic digestion, composting, solid–liquid separation, covering slurry storage and flaring CH4, and reducing methanogen inoculum by complete emptying of slurry storage at spring application. These strategies have potential to reduce emissions from manure by up to 50%. An integrated approach of combining strategies through diet and manure management is necessary for significant GHG mitigation and lowering carbon footprint of milk produced in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susantha Jayasundara
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Blanch M, Carro M, Ranilla M, Viso A, Vázquez-Añón M, Bach A. Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior and performance of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martin C, Ferlay A, Mosoni P, Rochette Y, Chilliard Y, Doreau M. Increasing linseed supply in dairy cow diets based on hay or corn silage: Effect on enteric methane emission, rumen microbial fermentation, and digestion. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3445-3456. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Long-term effect of linseed plus nitrate fed to dairy cows on enteric methane emission and nitrate and nitrite residuals in milk. Animal 2016; 10:1173-81. [PMID: 27075614 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study showed the additive methane (CH4)-mitigating effect of nitrate and linseed fed to non-lactating cows. Before practical application, the use of this new strategy in dairy cows requires further investigation in terms of persistency of methanogenesis reduction and absence of residuals in milk products. The objective of this experiment was to study the long-term effect of linseed plus nitrate on enteric CH4 emission and performance in dairy cows. We also assessed the effect of this feeding strategy on the presence of nitrate residuals in milk products, total tract digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance and rumen fermentation. A total of 16 lactating Holstein cows were allocated to two groups in a randomised design conducted in parallel for 17 weeks. Diets were on a dry matter (DM) basis: (1) control (54% maize silage, 6% hay and 40% concentrate; CON) or (2) control plus 3.5% added fat from linseed and 1.8% nitrate (LIN+NIT). Diets were equivalent in terms of CP (16%), starch (28%) and NDF (33%), and were offered twice daily. Cows were fed ad libitum, except during weeks 5, 16 and 17 in which feed was restricted to 95% of dry matter intake (DMI) to ensure complete consumption of meals during measurement periods. Milk production and DMI were measured weekly. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in milk and milk products were determined monthly. Daily CH4 emission was quantified in open circuit respiration chambers (weeks 5 and 16). Total tract apparent digestibility, N balance and rumen fermentation parameters were determined in week 17. Daily DMI tended to be lower with LIN+NIT from week 4 to 16 (-5.1 kg/day on average). The LIN+NIT diet decreased milk production during 6 non-consecutive weeks (-2.5 kg/day on average). Nitrate or nitrite residuals were not detected in milk and associated products. The LIN+NIT diet reduced CH4 emission to a similar extent at the beginning and end of the trial (-47%, g/day; -30%, g/kg DMI; -33%, g/kg fat- and protein-corrected milk, on average). Diets did not affect N efficiency and nutrients digestibility. In the rumen, LIN+NIT did not affect protozoa number but reduced total volatile fatty acid (-12%) and propionate (-31%) concentrations. We concluded that linseed plus nitrate may have a long-term CH4-mitigating effect in dairy cows and that consuming milk products from cows fed nitrate may be safe in terms of nitrate and nitrite residuals. Further work is required to optimise the doses of linseed plus nitrate to avoid reduced cows performance.
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Oh J, Hristov AN. Effects of Plant-Derived Bio-Active Compounds on Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Utilization, Immune Response, and Productivity of Ruminant Animals. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1218.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. N. Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Dansen O, Pellikaan WF, Hendriks WH, Dijkstra J, Jacobs MPT, Everts H, van Doorn DA. Daily methane production pattern of Welsh ponies fed a roughage diet with or without a cereal mixture1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1916-22. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hatew B, Podesta SC, Van Laar H, Pellikaan WF, Ellis JL, Dijkstra J, Bannink A. Effects of dietary starch content and rate of fermentation on methane production in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 98:486-99. [PMID: 25465630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of starch varying in rate of fermentation and level of inclusion in the diet in exchange for fiber on methane (CH4) production of dairy cows. Forty Holstein-Friesian lactating dairy cows of which 16 were rumen cannulated were grouped in 10 blocks of 4 cows each. Cows received diets consisting of 60% grass silage and 40% concentrate (dry matter basis). Cows within block were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 different diets composed of concentrates that varied in rate of starch fermentation [slowly (S) vs. rapidly (R) rumen fermentable; native vs. gelatinized corn grain] and level of starch (low vs. high; 270 vs. 530g/kg of concentrate dry matter). Results of rumen in situ incubations confirmed that the fractional rate of degradation of starch was higher for R than S starch. Effective rumen degradability of organic matter was higher for high than low starch and also higher for R than S starch. Increased level of starch, but not starch fermentability, decreased dry matter intake and daily CH4 production. Milk yield (mean 24.0±1.02kg/d), milk fat content (mean 5.05±0.16%), and milk protein content (mean 3.64±0.05%) did not differ between diets. Methane expressed per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, per kilogram of dry matter intake, or as a fraction of gross energy intake did not differ between diets. Methane expressed per kilogram of estimated rumen-fermentable organic matter (eRFOM) was higher for S than R starch-based diets (47.4 vs. 42.6g/kg of eRFOM) and for low than high starch-based diets (46.9 vs. 43.1g/kg of eRFOM). Apparent total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein were not affected by diets, but starch digestibility was higher for diets based on R starch (97.2%) compared with S starch (95.5%). Both total volatile fatty acid concentration (109.2 vs. 97.5mM) and propionate proportion (16.5 vs. 15.8mol/100mol) were higher for R starch- compared with S starch-based diets but unaffected by the level of starch. Total N excretion in feces plus urine and N retained were unaffected by dietary treatments, and similarly energy intake and output of energy in milk expressed per unit of metabolic body weight were not affected by treatments. In conclusion, an increased rate of starch fermentation and increased level of starch in the diet of dairy cattle reduced CH4 produced per unit of eRFOM but did not affect CH4 production per unit of feed dry matter intake or per unit of milk produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hatew
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - S C Podesta
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Van Laar
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Nutreco R&D, PO Box 220, 5830 AE Boxmeer, the Netherlands
| | - W F Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L Ellis
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Centre for Nutrition Modeling, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Bannink
- Animal Nutrition, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 65, Lelystad, the Netherlands
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van Lingen H, Crompton L, Hendriks W, Reynolds C, Dijkstra J. Meta-analysis of relationships between enteric methane yield and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7115-32. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Martínez-Fernández G, Abecia L, Ramos-Morales E, Martin-García A, Molina-Alcaide E, Yáñez-Ruiz D. Effects of propyl propane thiosulfinate on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, microbial population and methane emissions in goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hristov AN, Oh J, Firkins JL, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E, Waghorn G, Makkar HPS, Adesogan AT, Yang W, Lee C, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Tricarico JM. Special topics--Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: I. A review of enteric methane mitigation options. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5045-69. [PMID: 24045497 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review was to analyze published data related to mitigation of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminant animals to document the most effective and sustainable strategies. Increasing forage digestibility and digestible forage intake was one of the major recommended CH4 mitigation practices. Although responses vary, CH4 emissions can be reduced when corn silage replaces grass silage in the diet. Feeding legume silages could also lower CH4 emissions compared to grass silage due to their lower fiber concentration. Dietary lipids can be effective in reducing CH4 emissions, but their applicability will depend on effects on feed intake, fiber digestibility, production, and milk composition. Inclusion of concentrate feeds in the diet of ruminants will likely decrease CH4 emission intensity (Ei; CH4 per unit animal product), particularly when inclusion is above 40% of dietary dry matter and rumen function is not impaired. Supplementation of diets containing medium to poor quality forages with small amounts of concentrate feed will typically decrease CH4 Ei. Nitrates show promise as CH4 mitigation agents, but more studies are needed to fully understand their impact on whole-farm greenhouse gas emissions, animal productivity, and animal health. Through their effect on feed efficiency and rumen stoichiometry, ionophores are likely to have a moderate CH4 mitigating effect in ruminants fed high-grain or mixed grain-forage diets. Tannins may also reduce CH4 emissions although in some situations intake and milk production may be compromised. Some direct-fed microbials, such as yeast-based products, might have a moderate CH4-mitigating effect through increasing animal productivity and feed efficiency, but the effect is likely to be inconsistent. Vaccines against rumen archaea may offer mitigation opportunities in the future although the extent of CH4 reduction is likely to be small and adaptation by ruminal microbes and persistence of the effect is unknown. Overall, improving forage quality and the overall efficiency of dietary nutrient use is an effective way of decreasing CH4 Ei. Several feed supplements have a potential to reduce CH4 emission from ruminants although their long-term effect has not been well established and some are toxic or may not be economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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Khiaosa-ard R, Zebeli Q. Meta-analysis of the effects of essential oils and their bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation characteristics and feed efficiency in ruminants1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1819-30. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Khiaosa-ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q. Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Morgavi DP, Martin C, Boudra H. Fungal secondary metabolites from Monascus spp. reduce rumen methane production in vitro and in vivo1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:848-60. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Morgavi
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle and Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C. Martin
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle and Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - H. Boudra
- INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle and Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Place SE, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Mitloehner FM. Construction and Operation of a Ventilated Hood System for Measuring Greenhouse Gas and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2011; 1:433-46. [PMID: 26486626 PMCID: PMC4513474 DOI: 10.3390/ani1040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We describe the construction and operation of a unique system for measuring gaseous emissions that arise from the rumen and metabolism of cattle. This system allows for the collection of high quality data that can be used to improve emission inventories at the regional and national level. Additionally, the system can be used to test various emission mitigation techniques. Abstract Recent interest in greenhouse gas emissions from ruminants, such as cattle, has spawned a need for affordable, precise, and accurate methods for the measurement of gaseous emissions arising from enteric fermentation. A new head hood system for cattle designed to capture and quantify emissions was recently developed at the University of California, Davis. The system consists of two head hoods, two vacuum pumps, and an instrumentation cabinet housing the required data collection equipment. This system has the capability of measuring carbon dioxide, methane, ethanol, methanol, water vapor, nitrous oxide, acetic acid emissions and oxygen consumption in real-time. A unique aspect of the hoods is the front, back, and sides are made of clear polycarbonate sheeting allowing the cattle a full range of vision during gas sampling. Recovery rates for these slightly negative pressure chambers were measured ranging from 97.6 to 99.3 percent. This system can capture high quality data for use in improving emission inventories and evaluating gaseous emission mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Place
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Yuee Pan
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Yongjing Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Frank M Mitloehner
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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