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Prakash Pal R, Mani V, Mir SH, Sharma A, Sarkar S. Replacing Inorganic Source of Zinc with Zinc Hydroxy Chloride: Effects on Health Status, Hemato-biochemical Attributes, Antioxidant Status, and Immune Responses in Pre-ruminant Crossbred Calves. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04317-y. [PMID: 39088134 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The current research aimed to assess the feasibility of using Zn hydroxy chloride (ZnOHCl) as an alternative to ZnSO4 in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four male crossbred calves (Tharparkar × Holstein Friesian) were categorized into four groups according to body weight and age (body weight 31 kg; age 10 days). Experimental calves were kept on a similar feeding regimen except that different groups were supplemented with either 0 mg Zn/kg DMI (Zn-0), 80 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnSO4 (ZnS-80), 40 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl (ZnH-40), or 80 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl (ZnH-80). All the calves were fed for 90 days as per ICAR (2013) feeding standard to fulfill their nutrient requirements for growth rate of 500 g/day. The study observed the influence of different sources and varying levels of Zn supplementation over a 90-day experimental period on health status, hemato-biochemical attributes, antioxidant status, immune responses, and plasma minerals and erythrocyte Zn concentrations. The data was examined using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with fixed effects of treatment, period, and their interaction. The results indicated that irrespective of the sources and levels of Zn, supplementation did not lead to significant changes in health status as assessed by fecal score, nasal score, ear score, and eye score. Hematological parameters remained unchanged following supplementation with different sources and levels of Zn. Zn-supplemented groups showed higher levels of total protein, globulin, and alkaline phosphates (ALP) compared to the non-supplemented group. However, no significant variations were detected within the Zn-supplemented groups. Zinc supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig), immunoglobulin G (IgG), cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and humoral immunity (HI); however, no significant variations were detected among Zn-supplemented groups. Zn supplementation enhanced plasma and RBC Zn concentration without affecting the plasma concentration of other minerals. However, among the Zn-supplemented groups, 80 mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl resulted in the highest RBC Zn concentration. The study results demonstrate that Zn supplementation enhanced biomarkers of zinc status, antioxidant levels, and immune responses in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Nevertheless, no significant variations were observed between the different Zn sources (ZnSO4 and ZnOHCl) utilized in this study. Research suggests that ZnOHCl could be a feasible alternative to ZnSO4 in the diet of pre-ruminant crossbred calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Pal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
- Forage, Millets and Nutrition Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Shahid Hassan Mir
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
- Animal Nutrition Division, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
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Spears JW. Evaluation of Trace Mineral Sources. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:413-424. [PMID: 37419830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several trace mineral sources, including inorganic, numerous organic, and hydroxychloride sources, are available for dietary supplementation or inclusion in a free-choice supplement. Inorganic forms of copper and manganese differ in their bioavailability. Although research results have been variable, organic and hydroxychloride trace minerals are generally considered more bioavailable than inorganic sources. Research indicates that fiber digestibility is lower in ruminants fed sulfate trace minerals compared with hydroxychloride and some organic sources. Compared with free-choice supplements, individual dosing with rumen boluses or injectable forms ensures that each animal receives the same quantity of a trace mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry W Spears
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA.
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Kerwin AL, Graef GM, Ryan CM, Ferro L, Ordaz Puga S, Westhoff TA, Barbano DM, Kleinschmit DH, Overton TR. Effect of replacing a portion of inorganic chloride trace minerals with trace mineral amino acid complexes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6128-6145. [PMID: 37479575 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether replacing a portion of inorganic chloride trace minerals and cobalt carbonate in the diet with AA complexes of trace minerals and cobalt glucoheptonate will improve lactating cow performance, feed efficiency, and calf performance. In a clinical trial, 69 Holstein cows entering second lactation and greater were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, with the total dietary trace mineral concentration the same between treatments, starting 1 wk after dry off (50 to 57 d before expected parturition) until 154 d in milk (DIM): (1) an inorganic chloride trace mineral (ITM) blend consisting of Zn (75 mg/kg), Mn (65 mg/kg), and Cu (10 mg/kg) as hydroxychlorides and Co (1 mg/kg) as carbonate (n = 37) or (2) partial replacement of ITM with AA complexes of Zn (40 mg/kg), Mn (20 mg/kg), and Cu (3.5 mg/kg) and Co glucoheptonate (1 mg/kg; AATM; Availa-Dairy, Zinpro Corp.; n = 32). Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily from enrollment through wk 8, and milk yields were recorded daily from calving through wk 22. Milk composition and body weights (BW) were collected weekly. Serum samples were analyzed for albumin (Alb), cholesterol (Chol), total bilirubin (Bili), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), haptoglobin, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and Ca. A liver health index (LHI) was calculated based on Bili, Chol, and Alb concentrations. A liver functionality index (LFI) was calculated to standardize changes in Alb, Chol, and Bili from 4 to 29 DIM. Greater LHI and LFI indicate better health status. Colostrum was analyzed for IgG and Brix, and calf serum was analyzed for IgG. Calf growth was monitored through 9 wk of age (AATM: n = 12, ITM: n = 10). Data were analyzed using SAS software with mixed effects models and repeated-measures analysis, when applicable. Survival analysis for pregnancy by 154 DIM was analyzed by Cox proportional and Kaplan-Meier hazards models. Disorder incidence was tested with Fisher's exact test. Prepartum DMI as a percent of BW was lower in cows fed AATM and not significant postpartum. Cows fed AATM produced more milk from wk 1 to 8 and from wk 1 to 22. Energy-corrected milk yield and colostrum measures did not significantly differ between treatments. A treatment by time interaction was seen for AST and BHB; cows fed AATM tended to have lower AST concentrations at 28 DIM and lower concentrations in BHB through 29 DIM, though not statistically significant. Cows fed AATM had greater LHI at 4 DIM. Haptoglobin, Ca, LFI, hazard of pregnancy, risk to first service, survival curves, or services per pregnancy did not significantly differ. Calf serum IgG and birth weight did not significantly differ between treatments. Calves from dams fed AATM had greater average daily gain than calves from dams fed ITM. Overall, cows fed AATM during the dry period and early lactation had improved postpartum performance and potential health improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kerwin
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - G M Graef
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C M Ryan
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - L Ferro
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Ordaz Puga
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - T A Westhoff
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - D M Barbano
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - T R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Stephenson EL, Rathert-Williams AR, Kenny AL, Nagy DW, Shoemake BM, McFadden TB, Tucker HA, Meyer AM. Effects of copper, zinc, and manganese source and inclusion during late gestation on beef cow-calf performance, mineral transfer, and metabolism. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad097. [PMID: 37767050 PMCID: PMC10519816 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn source and inclusion during late gestation, multiparous beef cows [n = 48; 649 ± 80 kg body weight (BW); 5.3 ± 0.5 body condition score (BCS)] were individually-fed hay and supplement to meet or exceed all nutrient recommendations except Cu, Zn, and Mn. From 91.2 ± 6.2 d pre-calving to 11.0 ± 3.2 d post-calving, cows received: no additional Cu, Zn, or Mn (control, CON), sulfate-based Cu, Zn, and Mn (inorganic, ITM) or metal methionine hydroxy analogue chelates (MMHAC) of Cu, Zn, and Mn at 133% recommendations, or a combination of inorganic and chelated Cu, Zn, and Mn (reduce and replace, RR) to meet 100% of recommendations. Data were analyzed with treatment and breeding group (and calf sex if P < 0.25 for offspring measures) as fixed effects, animal as experimental unit, and sampling time as a repeated effect for serum, plasma, and milk measures over time. Post-calving cow liver Cu was greater (P ≤ 0.07) in MMHAC compared with all other treatments. Calves born to RR had greater (P ≤ 0.05) liver Cu than ITM and CON, and MMHAC had greater (P = 0.06) liver Cu than CON. Liver Mn was less (P ≤ 0.08) for RR calves than all other treatments. Calf plasma Zn was maintained (P ≥ 0.15) from 0 to 48 h of age in ITM and MMHAC but decreased (P ≤ 0.03) in CON and RR. Gestational cow BW, BCS, and metabolites were not affected (P ≥ 0.13) by treatment, but gestational serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were greater (P = 0.01) for CON than MMHAC. Treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) calf birth size, vigor, placental size and minerals, or transfer of passive immunity. Neonatal calf serum Ca was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for MMHAC than all other treatments; other calf serum chemistry and plasma cortisol were not affected (P ≥ 0.12). Pre-suckling colostrum yield, and lactose concentration and content, were greater (P ≤ 0.06) for MMHAC compared with ITM and RR. Colostral triglyceride and protein concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.08) for RR than MMHAC and CON. Cow lactational BW and BCS, milk yield and composition, and pre-weaning calf BW and metabolism were not affected (P ≥ 0.13) by treatment. Lactational serum TBARS were greater (P = 0.04) for RR than CON at day 35 and greater (P ≤ 0.09) for MMHAC at day 60 than all other treatments. Source and inclusion of Cu, Zn, and Mn altered maternal and neonatal calf mineral status, but calf size and vigor at birth, passive transfer, and pre-weaning growth were not affected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Stephenson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Ann L Kenny
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dusty W Nagy
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brian M Shoemake
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas B McFadden
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Duplessis M, Wright TC, Bejaei M. A survey of Canadian dairy nutritionists to assess current trace element formulation practices. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4030-4041. [PMID: 37105881 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify current practices and perceptions around trace element feeding for dairy cows through a Canadian dairy nutritionist survey. An online survey with 23 questions was used to collect data from Canadian dairy nutritionists with the help of professional associations and social media. The survey was active from November 2021 to April 2022. The first 7 questions collected descriptive information on respondents, and the subsequent 16 questions focused on trace element feeding. A total of 92 participants from all over Canada filled out the survey, and about 26% of Canadian herds and cows were represented by these respondents. The participants had diverse views on the importance of diet formulations for trace elements to optimize cow health and productivity, with perceptions varying from very important to not important. In comparison, macronutrients and selenium were consistently rated as very important by between 58% and 74% of respondents. Software reference values were used by 54%, 72%, and 73% of participants to estimate trace element concentrations of forages, cereals, and protein sources, respectively, highlighting the importance of regularly updating the feed library of the software. More than 60% of nutritionists participating in this study had intentionally formulated diets above trace element software recommendations, considered mineral interactions occurring in the rumen, and used a trace element source known for its better bioavailability (e.g., organic, chelate) when they formulated diets. Herds with more than 80 cows were more likely to be given trace element supplements known for their greater bioavailability. The most used supplement with enhanced bioavailability was selenium. In addition, different trace element feeding strategies pertaining to different stages of lactation and breeds were reported. This finding can be explained by the absence of clear recommendations on trace element feeding by breed. The participants who adjusted trace element feeding according to the stages of lactation considered the transition period as the most challenging period, and they identified the need for a source of trace element known for its greater bioavailability for this period. Further research should aim to identify environmental risk of trace element overfeeding using the One Health approach. Moreover, strategies to avoid trace element overfeeding should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Duplessis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Tom C Wright
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4Y2, Canada
| | - Masoumeh Bejaei
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, 4200 BC-97, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada
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Budny-Walczak A, Śpitalniak-Bajerska K, Szołtysik M, Pogoda-Sewerniak K, Kupczyński R. Effects of Iron Supplementation on Metabolism in Calves Receiving Whole Milk. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030477. [PMID: 36766366 PMCID: PMC9913521 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a protein-iron complex (PIC) to calves. Specifically, the aim was to understand how it influences productive performance and indicators of iron metabolism, hematology and biochemical and parameters during feeding with whole milk before weaning. The study was carried out on 20 Polish Holstein Friesian calves. The calves were then divided into a control group (CON), fed with full milk (n = 10), and an experimental group (MFe), who received a PIC additive in milk at 16 g/day (n = 10). In order to determine the production parameters, the calves were weighed at the beginning (i.e., on the 7th day of life) and at the end of the experiment (42nd day of life) using an electronic platform scale. Production parameters such as average weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and growth rate (GR) were assessed. Blood was collected from an external jugular vein (vena jugularis externa) on the 7th, 14th, 28th, and 42nd days of life. The mean daily gains in body weight (ADG), growth rate (GR), and the feed conversion ratio were highest in the experimental group, MFe. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of a protein-iron complex entailed a significant impact on the iron metabolism indicators in the MFe experimental group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Budny-Walczak
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Kinga Śpitalniak-Bajerska
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Szołtysik
- Department of Functional Food Product Development, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pogoda-Sewerniak
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.-W.); (R.K.)
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7
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Wei M, Huang Q, Dai Y, Zhou H, Cui Y, Song W, Di D, Zhang R, Li C, Wang Q, Jing T. Manganese, iron, copper, and selenium co-exposure and osteoporosis risk in Chinese adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126989. [PMID: 35512597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous experimental studies demonstrated that either deficient or excessive trace elements, such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se), are detrimental to bone health. Epidemiologic evidence for the effect of the four trace elements on osteoporosis (OP) risk remains inadequate. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine their associations with the OP risk among Chinese adults. METHODS Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Se were measured in plasma using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer among 627 Chinese adults aged ≥ 50 years. Individual effect of the four elements on OP risk was analyzed by logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models. The latter model was also adopted to examine the exposure-response relationships and joint effects of the four elements on OP risk. RESULTS The median Mn, Fe, Cu, and Se levels were 4.78, 1026.63, 904.55, and 105.39 μg/L, respectively, in all participants. Inverse associations of Fe and Se levels with OP risk were observed in the logistic regression model. BKMR analysis revealed a U-shape pattern for the Fe-OP association, and a reduced OP risk in response to co-exposure of the four elements above the 50th percentiles but an elevated one in response to that below the 50th percentiles. Sex discrepancy existed in the findings. No interactions were found for the four elements affecting OP risk. CONCLUSIONS Co-exposure to Mn, Fe, Cu, and Se was associated with improved bone density, where Fe contributed most to the beneficial effect. Further studies are needed to verify these findings and explore the underlying biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Can Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Tao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Sauerwein H, Blees T, Zamarian V, Catozzi C, Müller U, Sadri H, Dänicke S, Frahm J, Ceciliani F. Acute phase proteins and markers of oxidative status in water buffalos during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 228:110113. [PMID: 32871407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The transition period, from pregnancy to lactation, implies comprehensive metabolic and endocrine changes including a systemic inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress around calving in dairy cows. The aim of the present study was a longitudinal characterization of the serum concentration of acute phase proteins (APP), i.e., haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and acidic glycoprotein (AGP), as well as of markers for oxidative stress in another large dairy animal, i.e. water buffalo, during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. As indicators of oxidative status, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROM), ferric reducing ability (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were determined in serum. Indicators for metabolic stress included nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and adiponectin. Bovine specific ELISA methods for Hp and adiponectin were adapted and validated for their application to water buffalo samples. Blood samples were collected weekly from 11 pluriparous water buffalo cows (lactation number 4.6 ± 1.6; daily milk yield 9.0 ± 1.9 kg; means ± SD) from 6 weeks (wk) ante partum (ap) until 8 wk post partum (pp). The maximum concentrations of Hp were observed in wk 1 pp, followed by a decrease towards values lower than before calving starting from wk 3 pp. The concentrations of SAA also peaked in wk 1 pp and then returned to basal values. The AGP serum concentrations increased suddenly from the first to the second wk pp and remained elevated for all the observation period. Indicators of oxidative status which changed in concentration during the transition period were dROM, AOPP and the oxidative stress index (OSi) (dROM/FRAP ratio). Briefly, dROM and AOPP values were lower pp as compared to ap, and OSi was largely following the pattern of dROM due to the constant FRAP values. The TBARS values did not change during the observation period. From the metabolic indicators, adiponectin was not changing with time, whereas greater NEFA and BHB values were observed ap than pp. The time course of NEFA and of some indicators for oxidative status (dROM, OSi and AOPP) point to greater metabolic load in late pregnancy as compared with the first wk of lactation - contrary to the common situation in dairy cows. Both BHB and NEFA values remained below the thresholds applied for dairy cows to define subclinical or clinical ketosis, thus indicating that the buffaloes included in this study were not under metabolic stress. The increase in concentration of the APP around calving supports the concept that an inflammatory reaction is a physiological epiphenomenon of the onset of lactation in water buffalos that is independent of metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Thomas Blees
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentina Zamarian
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Catozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ute Müller
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Safari M, Ghasemi E, Alikhani M, Ansari-Mahyari S. Supplementation effects of pomegranate by-products on oxidative status, metabolic profile, and performance in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:11297-11309. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Osorio J, Trevisi E, Li C, Drackley J, Socha M, Loor J. Supplementing Zn, Mn, and Cu from amino acid complexes and Co from cobalt glucoheptonate during the peripartal period benefits postpartal cow performance and blood neutrophil function. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1868-1883. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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